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Wages and Hours of Labor in the Lumber Industry in the United States : 1930

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W . N. DOAK, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES) Itf tlCfi BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS) # * # HO# ^UU WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR SERIES WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN THE LUMBER INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES : 1930 MARCH, 1932 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1932 FOR SALE BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OP DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON. D. C. CONTENTS Sawmills: Page Introduction and summary_______________________________________ 1 Average hours and earnings, 1928 and 1930, by States_____________ 5 Average and classified earnings per hour, 1910 to 1930______________ 6 Regular or customary hours of operation per week and per day-------- 10 Changes in full-time hours per week_______________________________ 15 Changes in wage rates since June 1, 1928__________________________ 15 Overtime and Sunday and holiday work, 1930_____________________ 18 Bonus systems____________________________________________________ 19 Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls, 1923 to 1930_______ 20 Lumber produced in the United States in 1927_____________________ 21 Importance of the lumber industry________________________________ 23 Scope and method________________ ________________________________ 24 Occupations_______________________________________________________ 25 General tables— T able A.— Average number of days on which employees worked in one week, average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1930, by occupation and State--------------------------------- 27 T able B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in eight specified occupations, 1930, by State________________________ 37 T able C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in eight specified occupations, 1930, by State__________________ 42 logging camps: Wages and hours in logging camps in 1930_________________________ 45 General table— Table D.— Number of employees, full-time hours per week, and rates of wages in logging camps, 1930, by State and occupation_________________________________________________ 47 Appendix A.— Sawmill occupational terms and definitions_____________ 69 Appendix B.— Glossary of occupational terms used in logging operations. 79 HI BULLETIN OF THE U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS n o . 560 WASHINGTON m arch, 193a WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN THE LUMBER INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES, 1930 SAWMILLS INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY Average earnings per hour of wage earners in the lumber industry in the United States were 35.9 cents in 1930, or 1.2 cents per hour less than in 1928, the last year prior to 1930 in which a study of the industry was made; average full-time hours per week were 56.5 in 1930 or one-tenth of an hour per week less than in 1928; and average full-time earnings per week were $20.28 in 1930 and $21.00 in 1928. These averages are for males only and were computed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, from wage figures collected by agents of the bureau from the pay rolls and other records of repre­ sentative sawmills, as were the averages that are presented in Table 1 for each of the specified years from 1910 to 1925. Averages are also given in the table by years for each of 24 important occupations in the industry and for the group designated as “ other employees.” The group includes wage earners in all occupations other than those in the 24 important occupations, because there was not a sufficient number of wage earners in any occupation in the group to warrant segregation. Index numbers of the averages are shown in the last three columns of the table, with the 1913 average the base, or 100 per cent. ^ The averages and index numbers for the industry are at the beginning of the table and are followed by those for each of the important occupations in the industry. The-industry averages for the specified years from 1910 to 1921 are for the wage earners in selected occupations only and are comparable one year with another. Those for the years 1921 to 1930 are for wage earners in all occupations, including those in the group of “ other employees,” and are also comparable one year with another, but should not be compared with the averages for selected occupations. Two sets of averages are shown for 1921— one for 33,115 wage earners in the selected occupations in 279 sawmills and the other for 45,667 wage earners in all occupations in the same 279 sawmills, including 12,552 in the group “ other employees.” The index numbers for the industry are for the purpose of hav­ ing comparable figures, one year with another, over the entire period from 1910 to 1930. The index for each specified year from 1910 to 1921 is the per cent that the average for the year is of the average for 1913. The index for each specified year from 1921 to 1930 was computed by increasing or decreasing the 1921 index for the wage earners in the selected occupations in proportion to the increase 1 2 SAWMILLS or decrease in the average for the year as compared with 1921 averages for all occupations. Average full-time hours per week for the industry increased from an index of 100.3 in 1910 to 100.5 in 1911 and 100.7 in 1912; decreased to 100 in 1913 and 1915, to 91.8 in 1919; increased to 93.6 in 1921 and to 93.8 in 1923 and 1925; then decreased to 91.3 in 1928 and to 91.2 in 1930. The decrease between 1913 and 1930 was 8.8 per cent. Average earnings per hour decreased from an index of 97.3 in 1910 to 95.1 in 1911, increased to 96.2 in 1912 and to 100 in 1913, decreased to 91.4 in 1915 and increased to 194.6 in 1919. From this high point or peak there was a drop of 14.4 per cent to 166.5 in 1921; then an in­ crease to 180.5 in 1923; a decrease to 178.0 in 1925; an increase to 184.9 in 1928; and a decrease to 179.0 in 1930. The increase between 1913 and 1919 was 94.6 per cent, and the decrease between 1919 and 1930 was 8 per cent. Average full-time earnings per week decreased from an index of 97.6 in 1910 to 95.6 in 1911; increased to 96.7 in 1912 and to 100 in 1913; decreased to 91.5 in 1915; increased to 178.8 in 1919; decreased to 156.5 in 1921; increased to 169.9 in 1923; decreased to 167.6 in 1925; increased to 169.7 in 1928; and decreased to 163.9 in 1930. The increase between 1913 and 1919 was 78.8 per cent, and the de­ crease between 1919 and 1930 was 8.3 per cent. Full-time earnings per week did not increase or decrease in the same proportion as aver­ age earnings per hour because of the change from year to year in average full-time hours per week. Average full-time hours per week in 1930 for the various occupations ranged from 55 for tallymen to 58.4 for yardmen, log. Average earn­ ings per hour ranged from 24.2 cents for yardmen, log, to 88.6 cents for head sawyers, band. Average full-time earnings per week ranged from $14.13 for yardmen, log, to $49.53 for head sawyers, band. T a b l e 1.— Average hours and earnings, with index numbers, 1910 to 1930, by occupation and year Index numbers ! Aver­ (1913=100) for— Aver­ Aver­ Num­ age age ber of Num­ full­ age full­ ber of earn­ Full­ Occupation Year estab­ time time Full­ earn­ Earn­ time lish­ wage hours ings time ments earners per ings ings earn­ per hours per ings week hour per per week week hour per week THE INDUSTRY Selected occupations............... 1910 245 23,316 61.3 $0.180 $10.99 100.3 97.3 97.6 1911 299 31,495 61.4 .176 10.76 100.5 95.1 95.6 1912 361 34,884 61.5 .178 10.89 100.7 96.2 96.7 1913 361 34, 328 61.1 .185 11.26 100.0 100.0 100.0 1915 348 39,879 61.1 .169 10.30 100.0 91.4 91.5 1919 141 18,022 56.1 .360 20.13 91.8 194.6 178.8 1 1921 279 33,115 57.2 .308 17.62 93.6 166.5 156.5 All occupations —___ - 11921 279 45,667 58.0 .334 19.37 1923 252 45,068 58.1 .362 21.03 93.8 180.5 169.9 1925 299 61,193 58.1 .357 20.74 93.8 178.0 167.6 1928 319 58,007 56.6 .371 21.00 91.3 184.9 169.7 1930 324 50,951 56.5 .359 20.28 91.2 179.0 163.9 1 2 sets of averages are shown for this year—1 for selected occupations and the other for all occupations in the industry. The 1910 to 1921 averages for selected occupations are comparable one year with another, as are those for all occupations from 1921 to 1930. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 3 T a b l e 1.— Average hours and earnings, with index numbers, 1910 to 1980, by occupation and year— Continued Index numbers Aver­ (1913-100) for— Aver­ Aver­ N um ­ age age Num­ full­ age full­ ber of ber of earn­ time FuU- Occupation Year estab­ time earn­ Full­ Earn­ lish­ wage hours ings time time earners per ings ings earn­ ments per per hours per week hour per ings week week hour per week BY OCCUPATIONS Pond men _______ __ __ 1928 248 1,344 56.9 $0,357 $20.31 1930 246 1,338 56.9 .344 19.57 Yardmen, log ..____________ 1928 86 283 57.8 .293 16.94 1930 96 337 58.4 .242 14.13 Sawyers, head, band________ 1910 203 429 61.2 .543 33.18 100.5 97.5 97.9 1911 243 508 61.2 .550 33.61 100.5 98.7 99.1 1912 288 561 61.1 .546 33.47 100.3 98.0 98.7 1913 288 554 60.9 .557 33.90 100.0 100.0 100.0 1915 286 572 61.0 .539 32.75 100.2 96.8 96.6 1919 120 249 57.5 .768 44.16 94.4 137.9 130.3 1921 251 527 57.8 .797 46.07 94.9 143.1 135.9 1923 230 529 57.0 .883 50.33 93.6 158.5 148.5 1926 274 644 57.7 .877 50.60 94.7 157.5 149.3 1928 288 668 56.7 .887 50.29 93.1 159.2 148.3 1930 286 597 55.9 .886 49.53 91.8 159.1 146.1 Sawyers, head, circular.........
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