Annual Report 2016-2017 Contents Reuters Institute Annual Report 2016-2017

01 Foreword 02 Preface 04 The Year in Review 10 The Journalist Fellowship Programme 26 Research and Publication 46 Events 56 About us

Opposite: A protester holds a national flag as a bank branch, housed in the magistracy of the Supreme Court of Justice, burns during a rally against Venezuela’s President Nicolas Maduro, in Caracas, Venezuela June 12, 2017. REUTERS/Carlos Garcia Rawlins

Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 00 Foreword Preface Monique Villa Alan Rusbridger CEO - Thomson Reuters Foundation Chair of the Steering Committee

‘What is the Thomson Reuters It’s difficult not to feel a twinge And then there are the journalism Foundation doing to counter the We are navigating through of sympathy for anyone editing fellows who fly in from all quarters issue of fake news?’ I lost count uncharted waters. It is precisely at or otherwise running a media of the globe to spend months of the many times I got asked that times like these that we need an organisation these days. Someone in Oxford solving problems and question this year. My answer is institution able to guide the industry once memorably compared the thinking about diverse possibilities. simple: we fund one of the world’s with courage and competence. I know task to rebuilding a 747 in mid-flight. leading centres promoting excellence we are in good hands: Alan Rusbridger, the It’s very difficult to see where you’re These opportunities to talk, share, think, in journalism. Chair of the Steering Committee, is certainly the flying. The altitude is dizzying, the oxygen in debate, and research are key to the mission of the right person for this role. short supply. And over the crackling radio come RISJ. We’re proud of our record to date and look The Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism persistent messages of doom predicting that forward to building on it in the future. continues to go from strength to strength asserting And the management team, with David Levy as you’ll imminently come crashing down to earth. its role as a key player in the field of research and leader and Rasmus Nielsen as the director of thought leadership at a time when the media research who has just been appointed Professor Of course, it can be exhilarating too. But there industry faces challenging transformation and of Political Communications at the University, has never been more need for the practitioners in disturbing political attacks. has brought another brilliant year. The Thomson journalism to be able to escape and reflect on the Reuters Foundation is very proud to support turbulent revolution engulfing their trade. In other In both cases, the RISJ stands ready to provide the Institute. words, there’s never been more need for the haven guidance. It acts as a safe forum for industry of research, exploration, and discussion that is the leaders from around the world to share best Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. practice and discuss candidly. It publishes what is known as the benchmark report assessing Over the past year – in addition to the books, digital news trends and consumption. But most research, and data that we have produced – some importantly, being anchored by the strength and of the most important moments have been the credibility of both Reuters and the University of gatherings of editors, CEOs, and rising stars Oxford, the RISJ is a beacon of professionalism, a of the future who have descended on Oxford constant reminder of the fundamental role free and to share their visions and thoughts about the independent media play for the prosperity future of journalism. They have told us they go of society. away bubbling with ideas – and strengthened by the knowledge that everyone is facing the same This is particularly crucial today, at a time when challenges. Editing can be a lonely business. disruptive forces try to create a world without facts, Knowing that the RISJ is there can make it where falsehood is given the status of news, and seem a little less lonely. where accurate reporting is discredited as propaganda.

001 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 2 The Year in Review

Visitors walk under illuminated cherry blossoms in full bloom along the Chidorigafuchi Moat in Tokyo, Japan, April 6, 2016. REUTERS/Yuya Shino

Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 4 The Year in Review

David A. L. Levy has led multiple publications and the creation of shorter factsheets Foundation, the NRZ Foundation, and this year the Open Society around topical issues. Rasmus also worked with Alan Rusbridger and Foundation, who together support the important work led by Caroline Director journalist fellow Heidi Skjeseth to innovate with a crowd-sourced Lees in editing the European Journalism Observatory English-language document that generated more than 100 contributions on the topic website, which features news linking journalism research and of ‘How to Deal with Powerful People Who Lie’, which added a new practice across Central, Eastern, and Western Europe. That bridge dimension to the debate on relations between journalists and political between research, evidence, and journalism practice is central to leaders in the wake of the election of Donald Trump. We were really our purpose. As noted at the beginning, we believe our ability to link pleased that Rasmus was honoured by being awarded the title of rigorous research, robust evidence, and the exchange of experience Oxford’s first Professor of Political Communication in Summer 2017, and insight from our journalist fellows and others about the ways in thereby recognising the quality of his own pioneering research, his which journalism is practised around the world, is key to our mission, service to the profession, and the work he does with industry to help and more important than ever given the multiple challenges facing them understand and respond to the current challenges in the journalism today. media sector. This report covers the academic Against this turbulent backdrop the past year at the Institute has been one of change, expansion, and year 2016–17, a period when the Everything we have accomplished in the past year, which has seen new developments. Our new Chair, Alan Rusbridger, role of journalism in holding a record number of publications, has only been possible because of has engaged with and inspired our journalist fellows, the support of our many sponsors. We are really grateful to them all. power to account and providing and been a great source of ideas about our role in First to Monique Villa and the Thomson Reuters Foundation whose trustworthy information appeared tough times for journalism. In the Department of continued support for the RISJ underpins everything we do. To Google ever more important. At the same Politics and International Relations (DPIR), we had and the Digital News Initiative whose support – along with 11 other been fortunate to have the support of Liz Frazer as Head of time the forms, independence, influence, sponsors (see p. 30) – has meant that 2017 saw the biggest Digital Department until the end of 2016 and have been delighted that her and sustainability of journalism have been News Report ever, again expertly led by Nic Newman, involving polling successor, Louise Fawcett, has been equally supportive and engaged. under increased challenge. In some cases, 70,000 people across 36 countries. To the many different sponsors And Denise Lievesley, Principal of Green Templeton College (GTC), has who support our Fellowship Programme. Finally, to the Robert Bosch what is required is greater protection, both for made a great contribution to our Steering Committee and worked hard journalists and news organisations. For others to make our staff and fellows feel really welcome at our Oxford college it is new insights, ideas, and approaches, to home. The fact that our fellows return to their countries with such reinvigorate and secure the future of news. We a strong affection for Oxford is largely because of the warmth of the at the Reuters Institute (RISJ) are well placed reception and contacts they find at GTC. to witness these pressures at first hand and Above: Meera Selva, Director, Journalism Fellowship One big change in the Institute was in summer 2017 when James Programme from September 2017 try to understand and provide solutions to Painter stepped down after eight very successful years as Director of Left: Alexandra Borchardt, them, whether through the work conducted the Fellowship Programme, to focus more on his research on Media Director of Strategic Development from July 2017 by our journalist fellows and researchers, or and Climate Change. James has been a great ambassador for the through the many people we meet each year, Institute and wonderful colleague, much liked by journalist fellows and Below: Green Templeton College in the snow, 2009. Author: Craig Webber CC – Wikipedia as visiting scholars, seminar speakers, and staff, and we are really pleased that he will retain an association with RISJ. We are delighted that Meera Selva, herself a former journalist our engagement with leading journalists and fellow, started as the new Director of the Fellowship Programme industry leaders. in September 2017. She is an accomplished journalist with recent experience of working in Africa, Germany, and the Far East, and we know she will consolidate and expand on the success of the fellowship programme. Another major change and expansion has been the creation of the role of Director of Strategic Development, designed to strengthen our external visibility and diversify our industry links and funding through new research, engagement, and launching some short courses. We were fortunate to attract Alexandra Borchardt to Oxford to start this role in July 2017, direct from her previous post as Managing Editor of Süddeutsche Zeitung. We all expect to learn a lot from Alexandra and work closely with her in expanding our industry- focused activity.

I had the good fortune to spend an enjoyable research term in Australia in the autumn of 2016, working on the debate on public broadcasting there. My absence was only possible because of the support of my colleagues at the Institute and particularly the dedication of Kate Hanneford-Smith and her administrative team, and of Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, who was acting Director in my absence, alongside his extremely demanding role as Director of Research. Rasmus has led the expansion of our research team to the point where we now have nine The Year in Review Year The researchers working broadly across the Digital News Project, where he in Review Year The

5 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 6 RISJ: International Impact and Influence We were delighted to add several new members to our international Advisory Board this year: A Global Network of Experts For a full list of Advisory Board members see page 58. C Kapur - o-foun itu der R an d CE O , Q u ott - F in mm orm t E er i ill E ll d i B it o or n , T h M e e E d c o i cutive of a n Exe th o f e m hie Nu C f i fi s - e t l m d a F o pbell Bro d u am wn r C - H a n e d a G d a o t f i N m o e i n w T s P a r t n e r s h i p s , F

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7 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 8 The Journalist Fellowship Programme

Journalists and press freedom activists release balloons during a demonstration in solidarity with the members of the opposition newspaper Cumhuriyet who were accused of supporting a terrorist group outside a courthouse, in Istanbul, Turkey, July 24, 2017. REUTERS/Murad Sezer

Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 10 The Journalist Fellowship Programme 2016/17 James Painter Director of the Fellowship Programme

This year we welcomed 21 We were particularly pleased to welcome Yosley But the programme is much more than that. For example, we visited journalists from 17 countries Carrero Chávez as the first Cuban journalist ever a wide variety of media organisations in London, including Thomson to be part of the programme. Although we did Reuters, the BBC, Al Jazeera English, the Financial Times, CNN, and the around the world taking part in not have any new sponsors this year, we were very Guardian, where senior editors spoke freely to the fellows. the programme. The interchange grateful for the continued support for a second of ideas, experiences, and views year from the Lion Rock fellowship for Pik Shan Pang From the feedback at the end of the programme, we know that among between them remained the glue (Clarice), a reporter for Apple Daily in Hong Kong; from the most enjoyed seminars are those given by the journalists about the that underpinned the journalists’ high the Wincott Fellowship for journalists from the Nation Media situation in their countries. This year we were particularly privileged appreciation of the programme. group in Nairobi (Laban Onserio); and from the Google Digital News to have had first-hand accounts of the perilous state of independent Initiative (Judith Argila from Spain and Alexander Fanta from Austria). journalism in Gaza (Abeer Ayyoub); of the immense obstacles facing international broadcasters in Russia (Olga Smirnova); and We are very sorry that the Foundation for Broadcast Culture in South the challenges of monitoring air pollution in China (Jing Li). Korea is ending their support for the programme, as we have benefited enormously from having journalists from that country engaging with On a personal note, I would like to thank the 180-odd journalists who the other fellows. have passed through our doors in the last eight years during my time as director of the programme. You have been always thoughtful, often As ever, we remain immensely grateful to all our sponsors, who courageous, and never dull. Most of you have even been prepared to continued to support the programme and allowed it to flourish. And laugh at my jokes, and let me win at the international food evenings! I we are particularly indebted to Green Templeton College who provide cannot think of a more rewarding, more enjoyable, and more thought- such a welcoming home in Oxford to the fellows. provoking ‘job’.

The research papers written by many of the journalists remain a main component of the programme, and they continue to receive widespread media coverage and publicity. A detailed list can be found on pp. 36–42.

This page, right: Laban-Cliff Onserio and James Painter at the International evening

Opposite page, Top: Fellows’ final presentations at Green Templeton College

Middle: Lord Patten (Chair of Advisory Board) with Jing Li (left) and Pik Shan Pang (right) The Journalist Fellowship Programme Fellowship Journalist The Programme Fellowship Journalist The Bottom: Fellows’ visiting The Guardian

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The domestic digital landscape is also made up of bloggers Fake News around the World Digital Scenario in Cuba commenting on economic and political topics, gender, Heidi Skjeseth Yosley Carrero Chávez race, LGBT rights, and theoretical discussions about Country of origin: Norway Country of origin: Cuba socialism and public policies adopted by the government. Sponsor: Fritt Ord Foundation Sponsor: Thomson Reuters Foundation So the digital scenario does offer different approaches to reality to that offered by the traditional media, although they are not always The political lie is as old as politics itself. Yet something changed in Cuba is increasingly going online. The digital scenario is affecting that different. 2016 with the election of Donald Trump as president of the United journalism at different levels including the production of content, States. Mr Trump had presented falsehood upon falsehood throughout the distribution and consumption of news, and media The social media scene is, by and large, dominated by Facebook which his campaign. While US journalists tried to hold him accountable, management models. constitutes an active platform to discuss topics often outside the the falsehoods had few consequences. Many expected Mr Trump to traditional media’s editorial agenda, or to share articles taken from change after the presidential Legacy state media still cling on to most of the audience against the local blogs, websites, or foreign news brands. inauguration. He didn’t. backdrop of a 99% literacy rate, yet there is one of the lowest internet According to a list published in penetrations in Latin America at around 30% of the population. Some Cubans are also accessing news from International TV channels the New York Times, Mr Trump Cuban state and institutional media are available online through their by using illegal antennas. A larger proportion of citizens are paying for lied in public every day for the websites and new digital outlets. However, the spread of internet has ‘The Weekly Package’, an alternative and indigenous network by which first 40 days of his presidency. also brought emerging media players and platforms. Some are based in offline Cubans can afford access to a compilation of mainly online Havana, some overseas, some are sponsored by foreign NGOs, whereas content and programmes generated the previous week by The amount of falsehoods others are mainly funded by advertising, generated by Cuba’s growing global media. coming from the White House private sector. is changing the relationship The diversity of media players has made the Cuban digital ecosystem between the political journalist The editorial lines of different media players cover a heterogeneous a more polarised space, reflecting not only huge differences between and politicians. It has never been perspective, including Cuba–US relations, the life stories of ordinary legacy and new media but also between blogs, websites, or digital an easy relationship, and it has Cubans, sports, fashion news, or political topics, and even projects in the new digital context. often been strained, but it has investigative journalism. always required a degree of trust. Populist politicians around the world have found inspiration in Trump’s success, and journalists in other countries are also struggling to find a constructive way to cover political lies and to hold their politicians accountable.

Donald Trump often refers to news reports he dislikes as ‘fake Above: A little boy waits for the start of news’. However, the term is more commonly used to describe false a rally with U.S. President Donald Trump information created for profit or with the intention to mislead. We have at the Kentucky Exposition Center in indeed seen the spread of fake news articles not only in the US election Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. March 20, 2017. Above: A fan takes a photograph while sitting on REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst campaign in 2016, but in countries all around the world. Social media a pole before a free outdoor concert by the Rolling enable quick and efficient spread of unverified rumours, in a time Stones at the Ciudad Deportiva de la Habana sports complex in Havana, Cuba March 25, 2016. where trust in established media is falling. This challenges the very REUTERS/Ivan Alvarado core of democracy, dependent on a public debate based on a certain amount of agreement on facts, accountability, and ultimately a degree Right: A man records with a tablet dancers of trust in institutions. We cannot stop our politicians from lying, but performing outside a cinema where the “Cuerda Viva” (Live Strings) alternative music festival journalists are trying to find a better way to cover them. We cannot

The Journalist Fellowship Programme Fellowship Journalist The is taking place, in Havana, February 26, 2016. Programme Fellowship Journalist The stop fake news, but we have to try to limit its impact. REUTERS/Alexandre Meneghini

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Research projects:

Judith Argila How to create video news that rock in social media Country of origin: Spain Place of work: Corporació Since late 2015, video has gained prominence and enriched its features in all Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals major social media platforms. With half of online users considering social media a Position at work: Head of New source for news discovery, newsrooms are struggling to find a successful formula Platforms in Digital Media to adapt their content to the new format trend. Data show however, that 71% of Sponsor: Google Digital News the audience still prefers text over video when it comes to news consumption. Initiative Based on content analysis and interviews with heads of video, social media, and Saudi Arabia and Social Women’s right to drive is a topic that has always been a business, this paper analyses how eight British and Spanish newsrooms face the source of discussion in the country and abroad. Comedy challenges of video production for Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube – Media played a role in this too. The video of ‘No Woman, No Exceptional might be the word and what kind of video news have made them successful. Micheline Tobia Drive’, a capella parody of Bob Marley’s famous song, that best describes the people went viral, gathering over 14.4 million views, and was a Country of origin: Lebanon light-hearted contribution to the conversation. Another I had the pleasure to meet in Sponsor: Asfari Foundation such musical video, ‘Hwages’ (loosely translated as ‘concerns’), had my time in Oxford: exceptional hearts women wearing the black niqab dancing, singing, skateboarding, and Saudi Arabia is known for its restrictions on freedom of expression. with exceptional minds and with a playing basketball. The catchy tune included phrases like ‘If only God Nevertheless, the internet, and particularly social media, are being bright, inspiring, always ready would rid us of men’ or ‘[Men] are making us go crazy’. used by creative people to push the boundaries. sense of humour.

Social media are used by everyone and some of the most followed Social media platforms are widely used by Saudi residents, who Twitter accounts in the country are those of religious scholars. Despite spend approximately five hours a day on them, according to the latest some positive examples, things can go wrong: Hamza Kashghari, a research done by YouGov. YouTube, in particular, is very popular. A young journalist and poet, was accused of insulting the Prophet in Abeer Ayoub Ethical dilemmas of reporting in conflict zones 2015 BBC report noted that the country had the highest per capita Country of Origin: Palestine three tweets, or Raif Badawi, a blogger, was sentenced to rate of YouTube use of any country in the world. Twitter, Place of work: Freelance My research paper discusses the ethical dilemmas journalists face when 1,000 lashes and 10 years in prison for insulting mostly popular among 18-24-year-olds, serves Journalist reporting from a conflict zone. I am citing Gaza as my primary example for most Islam and apostasy for some of his writings as a public forum, with Saudi hashtags Sponsor: Mona Megalli of the cases. The paper aims to present ethical guidelines for journalists in posted in his blog. frequently ranking among the most conflict zones, and also gives suggestions for media outlets to improve the skills popular worldwide. of its correspondents there. Even though social media platforms can be great Women’s rights is one of the for exposing creativity, topics discussed online. I appreciated being in Oxford circumventing restrictions, Noon al-Niswa is the first after coming from a conflict and having a say in public YouTube one-woman zone, it’s so peaceful and discourse, there is still a comedy show created by long way to go. green, I fell in love with it. Hatoon Kadi. In it she covers sarcastically a variety of social issues that women face in Saudi Arabia. Her show Yosley Carrero Chávez Fashionable spot? The making of Cuba as a business has now more than Country of origin: Cuba opportunity and tourist destination 346,000 subscribers, Place of work: Cuban Institute of and she was named one Radio and Television On 17 December 2014, the American and Cuban Presidents made a historic of the BBC’s 100 Women Position at work: Reporter announcement, starting a new era of bilateral relations devoted to enhancing in 2014. Sponsor: Thomson Reuters economic and social ties. This study presents a content analysis of 231 news Foundation stories, articles, and editorials from the online editions of the New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, Miami Herald, and Tampa Bay Times between 17 and 24 December 2014. The research paper analyses, amongst other issues, how favourably Cuba was portrayed in terms of a business opportunity or Being the first Cuban Fellow Above: A Muslim pilgrim tourist destination. sits on the top of Mount at the Reuters Institute for the Al-Noor, where Muslims believe Study of Journalism was an Prophet Mohammad received the first words of the Koran immense privilege and a rewarding through Gabriel in the Hera cave, ahead of the annual experience.

The Journalist Fellowship Programme Fellowship Journalist The haj pilgrimage in the holy city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia Programme Fellowship Journalist The September 7, 2016. REUTERS/Ahmed Jadallah

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Research projects: Research projects:

Krzysztof Is there a chance for non-partisan media in Poland? Panu Karhunen Closer to the story? Accessibility in mobile journalism Dzieciolowski Country of origin: Finland Country of origin: Poland Poland’s liberal and conservative media reached unprecedented levels of Place of work: Ilta-Sanomat, In the past 10 years mobile journalism has spread around the world. It has been Place of work: Vision House, polarisation and politicisation after the Law and Justice party took power in 2015. Finland said that solo journalism can lead to more personal and more intimate journalism. Poland Behind the main question about bias and partisanship, the leading Polish editors- Position at work: News editor This research attempts to discover how mobile journalism affects accessibility. Position at work: Director/ in-chief from left to right give their take on how has the media landscape changed for the ISTV Can journalists get closer to the story utilising mobile journalism? Are people more Producer/Founder since the very first commitment to free press undertaken in 1989; how journalism Sponsor: Helsingin Sanomat prepared to give interviews to a mobile journalist than to a two-person TV crew? Sponsor: Thomson Reuters in Poland has been shaped by the historical political divisions, communist legacy, Foundation In the research, Karhunen interviewed 11 mobile journalists from different media Foundation anti-communist press, and the 2010 Smolensk plane crash that dominates current outlets. He also conducted a field experiment in a shopping centre in Helsinki. political life. The paper situates Poland within a larger context of the world press The experiment showed that mobile journalism can be a less intimidating way to facing a challenge from social media and illiberal governments. interview people than a two-person TV crew.

Alexander Fanta Putting Europe’s robots on the map – automation in Jae Young Kim How to communicate better in disease-related disaster Country of origin: Austria news agencies Country of origin: South Korea outbreaks Place of work: Austrian Press Place of work: Munhwa Agency (APA) News agencies across Europe and the US have adopted machine-generated Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) Disease-related disasters are now becoming more than a seasonal crisis all Position at work: Journalist content over the past few years. Newsrooms from Oslo to Paris now produce Position at work: Deputy Editor/ over the world. The role of the media is more important than ever. To manage it Sponsor: Google Digital News thousands of simple stories a month on sports and finance with the help of Newsroom successfully you need the right information at the right time, which the media Initiative algorithms. This paper aims to show how automation is changing the work and Sponsor: Foundation for should be providing as a public service. This research reviewed the MERS situation output of media organisations, and discusses the key role of data-processing Broadcast Culture (FBC) in South Korea in 2015 which resulted in being the second worst MERS case after capabilities for automation. The research highlights how ‘robot journalism’ the Middle East countries. Should the media deliver all available information to the creates new products and might augment the capabilities of human journalists public? Or should the media join the authorities in holding back information? Who in the future. is responsible for the social and economic chaos, or failure of trust in the media? Entering internet in reality. So The research is based on interviews with journalists on the health beat or who reported on the disease disaster. many people to meet, seminars Serusha Govender Mistakes, muddles, and mixed messages: how disjointed to attend, and places to go . . . Country of origin: South Africa science and health reporting is confusing the issues and the command is in your hands. Place of work: Freelance costing lives Position at work: Broadcast Journalist, Multimedia Producer, The recent ebola outbreak in West Africa kicked up a hornet’s nest of ethical issues Foreign Correspondent for the media. Many saw the general news coverage as sensationalist, unbalanced, Sponsor: Thomson Reuters inaccurate, and riddled with rumours and conspiracy theories. This seemed to be Satoshi Kusakabe Freedom of information legislation and application: Foundation driven by a dearth of official information and an obvious lack of credible experts Country of origin: Japan Japan and the UK and trained science journalists to adequately and ethically cover the story. Some Place of work: The Mainichi theorists argue the poor media coverage may have actually exacerbated the spread Position at work: Staff Writer The number of countries which have freedom of information (FOI) legislation Sponsor: Self-funded has been increasing. FOI is a fundamental human right as well as one of the most Sharing experiences with of disease by not providing accurate information quickly to the people who needed it the most. This paper takes a closer look at the media’s coverage of the ebola important tools for journalists these days because it enables them to be free from these talented Reuters fellows outbreak (and subsequent zika and yellow fever outbreaks) and analyses what the risk of being controlled by sources under the ‘post-truth’ era. Journalists in and spending this time at mistakes the media may have made, looks into the possible reasons why, and tries Japan and the UK have been using FOI since the laws came into force more than 10 Oxford has been an incredible to explore potential solutions so that these mistakes are not repeated in the future. years ago. I conducted comparative analysis in both a quantitative and qualitative opportunity that will absolutely have way on how journalists in Japan and the UK have utilised the FOI legislation, and a resoundingly positive impact on me identified some differences and common challenges. and my career for many years to come. The Journalist Fellowship Programme Fellowship Journalist The Programme Fellowship Journalist The

17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 18 Fellows’ Oxford adventure, Voices the city, the university and the The college, have offered a fellowship at Oxford gave wonderful mix of friends, me time to professional contacts, expertise, fun, Everything is so reflect, to exchange ideas and and exposure to ideas that will keep new to me! think about the future of me going for years to come. Satoshi journalism. Best time of my life! Krzysztof Dzieciolowski The fellowship Olga at RISJ was an opportunity not only to learn more about journalism, but to reflect upon why it is important and what the role of journalists is in We had society. I think I have profited such a great immensely from it. time with Alexander Fanta our fantastic group. Now I have over 20 journalist friends from all over the world! Panu

A typical day in Oxford is a full diary of meeting new people, reading new books, learning new knowledge, and having new experience. Jing Li

I have never discussed the essence of journalism so intensely and deeply as during I don’t think this fellowship. I’ve ever learned more. The combination of Anastasia the journalism insights from the Reuters Institute, Studying the academic brilliance of at Oxford Oxford University, and the experience was the and friendship of the wonderful chance of fellows from around the world lifetime. I got a has given me more inspiration lot of fresh ideas what I want to and knowledge than I do as a journalist and so many could imagine. new friends – eternally Heidi grateful for that!

The Journalist Fellowship Programme Fellowship Journalist The Ilona Turtola Programme Fellowship Journalist The

19 20 Journalist Fellows Journalist Fellows 2016/17 2016/17

Research projects: Research projects:

Jung Min Lee Two different voices from one broadcaster: why online Laban-Cliff Onserio What can Kenya’s Nation Media Group learn from Country of origin: South Korea news of broadcasters publishes different messages from Country of origin: Kenya international media organisations to improve business Place of work: KBS (Korean their TV news Place of work: Nation reporting? Broadcasting System) Media Group Position at work: Reporter on Broadcasters in South Korea currently meet the challenges of survival in different Position at work: Business News I studied the way changes in technology and social media have altered the way Political-Foreign affairs section kinds of media outlets by producing two kinds of coverage, online news and TV Anchor and Reporter business news is reported by a variety of UK and international media outlets, Sponsor: Foundation for Broadcast news, which are produced by the same newsroom. Despite a lot of effort over Sponsor: Wincott Foundation including the Financial Times. I examined the points of similarity and difference Culture (FBC) the years, they are yet to establish proper strategies for responding to the new between the media and news consumption in the West compared to Kenya. After environment and achieving the desired results. At the moment, they try to make several interviews with business editors from a variety of news outlets, and a week- their online news completely different to their TV news in format and even tone. long stay at the Financial Times, I drew up a list of recommendations for the Nation 3 months of career life worth This paper focuses on the reasons why both TV news and online news became Group, including collapsing the walls between the different platforms, audience Wonderful time to think different to each other and what conditions could make them pull together to be every second of it! Truly engagement, a digital-first culture, and training to help the transition. about myself, journalism, competitive. It focuses on a case study of the reports by the Korean broadcasters Transformed . . . Viva RISJ! and the world, surrounded on the current controversial missile issue. by amazing people!

Pik Shan Pang The rise of citizen journalism after the 2014 Umbrella Country of Origin: Hong Kong movement in Hong Kong and its impact on traditional Place of work: Apple Daily, media: a comparative study of the growth of citizen Jing Li Liberating or Constraining? How technology capital is Hong Kong journalism in Hong Kong and the UK Country of origin: China reshaping the media landscape in China Position at work: Senior reporter Place of work: South China Sponsor: Lion Rock Spirit Press freedom in Hong Kong has continually decreased since the territory’s Morning Post The booming of Chinese tech companies led to an influx of tech capital into the Fellowship handover from the United Kingdom to China in 1997. Citizen journalism has been Position at work: Senior Reporter media sector, while innovation in mobile payments seems to be creating new studied before, but relatively little attention has been paid to the rise of citizen Sponsor: Thomson Reuters business models for content providers. This research adds to the debate on journalism in Hong Kong, especially since the Umbrella movement in 2014. The Foundation whether information technologies are a force of liberation or of repression from paper argues that citizen journalism reveals a great deal about the development the perspective of journalism in China. Despite censorship, investigative journalism It’s a luxury moment to study of democracy in the territory, and the advanced digital technology enables the flourished for over a decade amid the marketisation of traditional media, so how as a Reuters Journalist fellow, public to participate in newsgathering and to become content providers. It is the boom in new media changing this? With social media becoming a major which gave me insight into brings a revolutionary moment to Hong Kong newsrooms, changing the editorial venue for news consumption, how is it changing the way news is produced and the future of media development power from newsroom to the audience. Finding a way to engage with citizens in consumed? Has it created a more pluralistic arena for news? and the friendship of journalist newsgathering has become a critical concern. The paper analyses the reasons fellows from different backgrounds! for the rise of citizen journalism in Hong Kong, how professional journalism is reacting to citizen journalism, and the similarities and differences between citizen journalism in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom. Heini Maksimainen Improving the quality of health journalism: when Country of origin: Finland reliability meets engagement Place of work: Freelancer Sponsor: Helsingin Sanomat Health journalism has a bad reputation. One day something is good for you, and Furquan Siddiqui Chasing stories to death: security risks and threats to Foundation the next day it’s bad. This research paper tells us how to stop producing confusing Country of origin: India journalists in India headlines and write reliable stories that get shared. I interviewed internationally Place of work: Hindustan recognised journalists about better ways of doing health journalism. They shared Times, New Delhi Even before populism and the cacophony of hyper-nationalism took over the the same advice: stop reporting the latest research findings and focus on building Position at work: Senior Western world, India was already in the firm grip of nationalism. In the current a bigger picture. A good health story doesn’t only deliver facts but it puts them reporter (multimedia) political environment, the research paper studies its impact on the Indian media into a context. It looks at the evidence and helps the reader to understand how Sponsor: Thomson Reuters and its partisan nature. At a time when there are attempts to control the media, I used to look at journalism significant the new information is. Also, it questions the arguments and evaluates Foundation the paper details the threats and security risks to journalists in India, a country from a narrow national their scientific validity. Contrary to popular belief, one doesn’t need scary ‘this food considered to be at peace. It also gives an insight into how journalists are finding causes cancer’ headlines to go viral. A mixture of good storytelling and evidence- perspective. Studying in it difficult to report on issues in an increasingly polarised country, while they are based reporting works too. such an international environment systematically discredited, slandered, or at times, killed. broadened my horizon and made me realise that there’s a whole wide world out there.

21 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 22 Journalist Fellows Journalist Fellows 2016/17 2016/17

Research projects: Research projects:

Christoph Schlemmer Speed is not everything: how news agencies use Micheline Tobia Lebanon’s mental health and its media issues Country of origin: Austria audience metrics Country of origin: Lebanon Place of work: Vienna Place of work: Mashallah Mental health issues have been a widespread problem in Lebanon. Data show Position at work: Business This research paper examines the use of audience metrics by news agencies. News, Lebanon that 25% of the Lebanese adult population will encounter at least one mental Reporter Traditionally newswires focused solely on metrics like speed, scoops, accuracy, Position at work: Co-founder health disorder at some point in their lives. Stigma and the lack of awareness are Sponsor: Austria Press and impartiality. With the rise of social media, the audience cannot be ignored any and Editor still very strong, leading only 10% of people who need it to seek treatment. The Agency (APA) more and web analytics now may have an impact on editorial decision-making and Sponsor: Asfari Foundation media have an important role in this. While they could be an effective tool to raise therefore reporting. My paper shows the different approaches of several newswires awareness and inform the public, they could also push the stigmatisation further regarding audience metrics and what actions they take based on audience data. if the coverage is not done in a proper, ethical, and informed way. This research News agencies’ work differs from that of digital news companies, and that is why paper asks: when the Lebanese media cover mental health, how do they cover it? The experience was so intense they need to find their own approach towards audience metrics. Since they do not cover the topic on a regular basis, a specific incident of a death by that it will take me several suicide which made the headlines in August 2016 was picked, to evaluate how the months to process it all. media reacted and reported it. The fellows made me more hopeful Heidi Skjeseth All the president’s lies: media coverage of lies in the US about journalism. Country of origin: Norway and France Place of work: Dagsavisen Position at work: US The political lie is as old as politics itself. But the unprecedented amount of Correspondent falsehoods coming from the White House is changing the relationship between the Ilona Turtola How do social media build the professional identity of Sponsor: Fritt Ord Foundation political journalist and politicians. It has never been an easy relationship, and it has Country of origin: Finland journalists? often been strained, but it has always required a degree of trust. Populist politicians Place of work: Finnish around the world have found inspiration in Donald Trump’s success, and journalists Broadcasting Company YLE Social media platforms are becoming increasingly important in enabling in other countries are also struggling to find a constructive way to cover political Position at work: News Reporter journalists to reach audiences and find ideas for stories. This research examines lies. I spoke to reporters, editors, and fact-checkers in the US and France to find out Sponsor: Helsingin Sanomat which platforms journalists use, whether they separate public and private life if and how the many falsehoods have changed political journalism and the Foundation there, and what they think about objectivity in social media. Based on interviews media coverage. with journalists from Finland and the UK, this research indicates that professional identity on social media is formed of four pillars: expertise on specific topics, media outlets’ social media guidelines, freedom, and spontaneity. Freedom means that journalists (usually) know the social media guidelines but, after that, they basically Olga Smirnova Russian TV: contesting European values do whatever they want. Spontaneity means that journalists have started using Country of origin: Russia social media on their own initiative and do not engage in any specific social Place of work: BBC World Service Russia has been accused of conducting an information war against European media routines. Position at work: Producer/ Union states and the West. In my paper I consider whether the output of Russian Correspondent TV channels may be interpreted as part of such a disinformation campaign. I Sponsor: BBC investigate the purposes of such efforts and attempt to quantify them. I study two Russian channels: RT, broadcasting for international audiences, and the other, Anastasia Valeeva Open data in a closed political system: open data First Channel, one of the most popular domestic channels. I concentrate on how Country of origin: Russia they portray Europe and particularly its current migration crisis. By analysing how investigative journalism in Russia Place of work: Freelance Data the themes in these news bulletins are framed I draw conclusions about Russian Journalist In this study, I wanted to show how open data are used for investigative storytelling priorities and likely intentions behind messages targeted at European Position at work: Journalist in Russia, and how traditional investigative journalism is embracing data. To answer and domestic audiences. Sponsor: Thomson Reuters these questions, the study draws on a combination of semi-structured interviews Foundation with investigative journalists and open data experts, case studies, and qualitative content analysis. In the final section, I discuss the existing barriers and provide guidelines on how to make investigative data journalism stronger in Russia. The Journalist Fellowship Programme Fellowship Journalist The Programme Fellowship Journalist The

23 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 24 Research and Publications

A Buddhist monk lights a candle at Wat Phra Dhammakaya during a ceremony on Makha Bucha Day in Pathum Thani province, north of Bangkok February 22, 2016. The Dhammakaya temple is regarded as the country’s richest Buddhist temple. Makha Bucha Day honours Buddha and his teachings, and falls on the full moon day of the third lunar month. REUTERS/Jorge Silva

Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 26 Developing RISJ Research Digital News Report 2017 2016-2017 Nic Newman Research Associate Digital News Project Reuters Institute Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Director of Research

The Digital News Project deals The project is pursued in line with the Reuters This was our sixth report and our This year’s report came amid intense soul-searching with how digital media and news Institute mission to connect research with the most comprehensive yet, based in the news industry about fake news, failing issues faced by journalism and news media business models, and the power of platforms. It use is changing across the world on a survey of more than 70,000 around the world. We have therefore invested revealed high levels of dissatisfaction with the and how news organisations are in continually publishing and promoting ongoing people in 36 markets, along with quality of news in many countries, and for those adapting to these changes. It is the research results in accessible formats and a timely additional focus groups in four using social media in particular. biggest research project the Reuters manner, with reports available for free download, countries. A key focus remains in Institute has ever hosted, and is funded promoted via social media, and at professional, industry, and Europe where we added Slovakia, Croatia, Only a quarter (24%) of survey respondents said that social by a grant from Google’s Digital News Initiative. policymaker events including at the BBC, the European Parliament, the and Romania for the first time – but we also media is doing a good job in separating fact from fiction, compared General Editors’ Network 2017 Summit, the International Journalism to 40% for the news media. In countries like the US (20%/38%), and added four markets in Asia (Taiwan, Hong Kong, Festival, and many others. It is a real testament to the relevance and the UK (18%/41%), people are twice as likely to have faith in the news The project builds on and extends our annual Digital News Report by reputation of our research that we have been invited to speak so Malaysia, and Singapore), along with three media. Only in Greece do more people think social media is doing a expanding the number of countries covered in our survey of news often by many different stakeholders all over the world. In addition, additional Latin American countries better job, primarily because they have very low confidence in news media use, by letting us supplement our survey research on news use we have presented our ongoing work at academic conferences and media (28%/19%) . with computational social science analysis of big data as well as more (Argentina, Chile, and Mexico). have published more in-depth analysis in some of the most important qualitative work, and by enabling us to systematically research how academic journals in our field, including the Journal of Communication, different news organisations in different countries are navigating a Journalism Studies, New Media & Society, and many others. changing environment. In 2017, the Digital News Project allowed us Figure 1. Proportion that agree the news media/social media does a good job in helping separate fact from fiction - selected countries to significantly expand the international footprint of the Digital News The Digital News Project thus continues to deliver on our commitment Report by adding a range of additional markets in Asia-Pacific and to connecting independent, evidence-based, timely, and relevant 75% Latin America to better understand similarities and differences in how News Media research with the issues faced by journalists and media all over the media use and news is changing around the world. world. We are excited to continue to develop this truly international, Social Media comparative, and collaborative research project, working with The core components of the Digital News Project are as follows. both industry and academic partners to develop a more in-depth 50% 51 understanding of the key challenges and opportunities ahead for The annual Digital News Report, led by Nic Newman, working with 47 • 46 44 journalism in Europe and beyond. 42 41 40 Dr Richard Fletcher and Dr Antonis Kalogeropoulos as well as our 38 36 network of partners across the countries covered. 33 Research on how private sector legacy news organisations like 25% 28 27 28 • 24 24 commercial broadcasters and newspapers are adapting, led by 20 18 20 19 Dr Alessio Cornia. 15 • Research on how public service media are adapting, led by In 2017, the Digital News 0% Dr Annika Sehl. Project allowed us to CAN IRE SPA GER DEN UK AUS USA FRA GRE • Research on how online-only news organisations in Europe are significantly expand the developing new editorial, distribution, and funding strategies for Q6_2017_1/2. Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statement - The news media/social media does a good job in helping me journalism, led by Dr Tom Nicholls. international footprint… by distinguish fact from fiction. Base: Total sample in each country adding a range of additional • Deep-dives focused on specific issues central to a changing environment. In 2016/2017, we have published reports on many markets in Asia-Pacific and Qualitative comments from 10 countries as part of this year’s different pressing issues, including how fact-checking sites are Latin America survey suggest that users feel the combination of a lack of rules and evolving across Europe, how legacy and digital-born news media algorithms that reward strong emotional content may be encouraging shape political discussions on social media, and on editorial low quality or ‘fake news’ to spread quickly. innovation around new formats like virtual reality and mobile alerts, involving a range of both internal and external researchers. These findings help explain the urgency with which Facebook and other platforms are looking to fact check news stories, penalise bad

Research and Publications Research actors, and tweak algorithms to ensure users see a wider range and Publications Research of stories.

27 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 28 Digital News Report 2017

There is no telling who is sharing what, and most titles are clickbait-y so people share without reading what the information is within the article Female (21), USA

Many news organisations have been refocusing their business on group that has already shown itself prepared to dig into its pocket for high-quality unique journalism that people would be prepared to pay other online media through services like Netflix and Spotify. for, as well as ways to demonstrate the transparency, fairness, and accountability of their journalism (fact-checking, etc.). The New York These figures provide some hope for the news industry, though they Times, Wall Street Journal, and Washington Post have been leading this may just be a short-term reaction to a political shock (the election charge in the United States where the report showed a significant of Donald Trump). They are certainly not universal trends. In Asia, Above: The London launch of uptick in consumers prepared to pay for online news (up seven Latin America, and Southern Europe the focus on advertising income the Digital New Project report at percentage points on last year). Almost a third of those paying (29%) continues, while the willingness (or ability) of readers to pay directly is Edelman, June 2017. Chaired by say they have done it to help support journalism, more than double the more limited. Ed Williams, CEO Edelman UK all-country average. Much of the growth has come from under 35s, a It’s a petri dish for ideological fake news Panellists from left: Renée Kaplan; Male (32), USA Patrick Walker; Janine Gibson and James Harding Figure 2. Online news payment remain flat but there has been an upsurge in the USA - selected countries

25% Finland After six years of growth, our data suggest that in our love affair with Impact of the Research Denmark social media may have peaked. The use of Facebook for news remain 20% Trump Bump +7 high at 54% overall, but has fallen in over half of our countries after The report generated hundreds of articles in dozens of countries Italy five years of continuous growth. This could relate to the debate over including coverage in the Financial Times, Washington Post, Le Figaro, fake news, or the way Facebook has changed its algorithms to focus the Sydney Morning Herald, El País, The Globe and Mail, Der Spiegel and UK 15% more on friends and family. It may also be related to the rapid growth Süddeutsche Zeitung, the BBC, ABC, RTE, and CBC. of messaging apps like WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, and Line, with Germany together are used for news by 23% of respondents. The report was launched at the Global Editors Network in Vienna on 22 June and at another event on the same day at the Tow Center at the 10% France University of Columbia in New York. A London discussion at Edelman Figure 4. Top messaging apps for news - selected markets involved James Harding, Director News at the BBC, Janine Gibson, Japan Editor of BuzzFeed News, Patrick Walker from Facebook, and Renée 5% Spain WhatsApp FB Messenger Kaplan from the Financial Times. Further locally organized events were or are being held in Helsinki, Oslo, Hamburg, Dublin, Vienna, Madrid, Malaysia 51% Greece 51% USA Brazil 46% (+7) Portugal 16% Lisbon, and Seoul. Eight locally focused reports have been produced by 0% Chile 39% Mexico 16% academic partners, with others planned later in the year. 2014 2015 2016 2017 Singapore 38% Romania 15% Hong Kong 36% Norway 10% The report is supported by Google, the BBC, Ofcom, the Broadcasting Spain 32 %(+8) Poland 10 % Authority of Ireland (BAI), the Media Industry Research Foundation of Finland, the Fritt Ord Foundation in Norway, the Korea Press Figure 3. Record growth since November 2016 Viber Line Foundation, Edelman UK, as well as our academic sponsors at the Croatia 14% Taiwan 45% Hans Bredow Institute, the University of Navarra, the University of Greece 10% (+2) Japan 13% Canberra, and the Centre d’études sur les médias, Université Laval in Canada. Polling was conducted by YouGov in January and We Chat Kakao Talk February 2017. Hong Kong 14% South Korea 39% +500,000 +200,000 +250,000 Malaysia 13% digital digital digital subscribers subscribers subscribers Q12b. Which, if any of the following have used for news in the last week?

Research and Publications Research Please select all that apply. Base: Total sample in each market and Publications Research

29 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 30 The European Journalism Google Digital News Observatory Senior Research Fellow Caroline Lees Professor Lucy KÜng

RISJ works on the EJO project in Articles about media issues, shared and translated This research seeks to create a collaboration with 15 research by EJO network partners, have reached increasingly roadmap for media organisations Around larger audiences via the English EJO site. In January 60 interviews institutes in 12 countries. These as they respond to the challenges 2017 the EJO conducted a qualitative content analysis have been conducted include the Università della Svizzera of print newspapers in ten European countries and the of digital disruption. It is based on inside legacy organisations in Europe and the US, focusing italiana, Lugano; the Erich-Brost US, comparing media coverage as Donald Trump began his the premise that while legacy media are particularly on those further along the path to a viable digital Institut, University of Dortmund; the first week as President of the United States. The study, Alarmed, largely mastering the transformation required future, including Axel Springer, Schibsted, The Economist, Financial National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Unsettled, Wary: Europe’s Media Ponder a Trump Presidency, received in the content domain, an equally critical Times, Guardian, New York Times, Washington Post, CNN, and El País. Kiev; Charles University, Prague; the University widespread coverage including in the Guardian newspaper in the UK as transformation needs to take place inside their well as media in Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Ukraine, and the US. The analysis focuses on strategy development, agility, the integration of Wroclaw, Poland; the Media Development organisations, and that this issue is being less of technology and data analytics into core organisational processes, Centre, Tunis; and the School of Journalism Over the past year the EJO English platform has published articles systematically addressed and under-prioritised. culture, and leadership. While the research approach is academic, and Communication, University of Oregon, by journalists, academics, and media analysts from across Europe on This poses a serious threat to the sustainability the goal is that the output should provide legacy organisations with Eugene. The EJO publishes articles in 14 issues including the reporting of terrorism, artificial intelligence in the of legacy journalistic organisations, and places practical insights into best practice responses to digital disruption. languages, through websites based in Albania, newsroom, paywalls, algorithms, misinformation and propaganda, new them at a competitive disadvantage vis-a-vis This will be in the form of a Reuters Institute Report, book, and Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Poland, technology, video and virtual reality, press freedom, and independent the digital pure plays. diagnostic tool for organisations. journalism. RISJ journalist fellows have also contributed articles about Portugal, Romania, Russian, Serbia, UK, and their original research to the site. Ukraine. The Arabic Journalism Observatory is published in Arabic and French. The English EJO has built an extensive and active presence on social media. This has led to increased reader engagement: stories are now shared an average of 200 times and some have been shared as many as 1,500 times. Articles are also regularly picked up by popular international media research and news websites, including Reuters, Top Right: Flags with the logos of the main newspapers of Nieman Lab, journalism.co.uk, the Ethical Journalism Network, and the German publisher Axel Springer fly outside its headquarters Pew Research Center. in Berlin August 7, 2013. REUTERS/Thomas Peter Right: The cover of the Financial Times newspaper is RISJ aims to build on the EJO’s growing audience. The English website, seen with other papers at a news stand in New York U.S., which is funded by the Robert Bosch Foundation, Stiftung Presse-Haus November 9, 2016. REUTERS/Shannon Stapleton NRZ, and, since 2017, the Open Society Foundations, will continue to Right: Copies of the Guardian publish the latest research into the rapidly changing media industry, newspaper are displayed at a issues around press freedom, and professional concerns, both in news agent in London August 21, Europe and beyond. It plans to build further on its current success in 2013. British Prime Minister David reaching practising journalists and attracting well-known contributors Cameron ordered his top civil from the profession, as well as from academia. servant to try to stop revelations flowing from the Guardian newspaper about U.S. and British surveillance programmes, two Far left: Bild, a popular sources with direct knowledge German tabloid, covers of the matter said. REUTERS/ Donald Trump’s first Suzanne Plunkett week as US President, January 2017

Left: Article about investigative journalism in the Czech Republic,

Research and Publications Research published on EJO, and Publications Research October 2017

31 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 32 Research Projects Currently under way

Below: People gather for the Women’s March in Washington U.S., January 21, 2017. REUTERS/Shannon Stapleton

Digital Journalism in India Project

The Digital Journalism in India Project focuses on how Indian journalists and news organisations are adapting to rapidly growing internet use and smartphone penetration in an environment that is very different from what is found in Europe and North America, with takeaways relevant for many other emerging markets. Working with partners in India, we have published reports on digital journalism start-ups in India as well as on Indian newspapers’ digital transition, and are currently investigating the social media strategies of India’s most important news organisations. Our work on this project is funded from our core grant and overheads from other activities.

Digital News Project

The Digital News Project deals with how digital media and news use is Digital Intermediaries Project changing across the world and how news organisations are adapting to these changes. It builds on and extends our annual Digital News Report by expanding the number of countries covered in our survey The Digital Intermediaries Project examines of news media use and letting us supplement our survey research on the interplay between platform companies like Digital News Report news use with computational social science analysis as well as more Facebook and Google and publishers including qualitative work. Project outputs include both accessible and timely digital-born, newspaper, and broadcasting reports and factsheets available for free download, more in-depth organisations. The project is based on historical The Digital News Report, is the largest and most comprehensive analysis published in academic journals and elsewhere, and frequent research as well as interviews with people ongoing comparative study of news and media use in the world, presentations at professional, policymaker, industry, and academic from both platforms and publishers across covering 36 markets in 2017. All the data are made freely available, events all over the world. It is funded by a grant from Google’s Digital France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the providing an important public and shared basis of data and evidence News Initiative. United States. The first main research phase for understanding developments in the media. The project is ran 2015–16 and we are looking to expand and supported by Google, the BBC, Ofcom, the Broadcasting Authority of continue our work in this area. The first phase Ireland (BAI), the Media Industry Research Foundation of Finland, the was funded by the Danish Society for Fritt Ord Foundation in Norway, the Korea Press Foundation, Edelman Education and Business. UK, as well as our academic sponsors at the Hans Bredow Institute, the University of Navarra, the University of Canberra, the Centre d’études sur les médias, Université Laval, Canada, and Roskilde University in Denmark. This page: Russian paratroopers jump past rainbow from an IL-76 transport plane during a joint Serbian- Russian military training exercise “Slavic Brotherhood” in the town of Kovin, near Belgrade, Serbia November 7, 2016. REUTERS/Marko Djurica

Opposite page right: A man carries his pet cat as he

Research and Publications Research walks under the cherry blossoms at Tongji University in and Publications Research Shanghai, China April 4, 2017. REUTERS/Aly Song

33 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 34 Developing RISJ Research Publications 2016-2017

Many RISJ publications are BOOKS available for free download from our website. Hard copies can be purchased via our partner publisher, I. B. Tauris, Amazon, or the University of Oxford Online Store.

Journalism in an Age of Terror Journalism and the NSA John Lloyd Revelations: Privacy, Security, Sponsor: David Ure and the Press Risto Kunelius, Heikki Heikkilä, Adrienne Trusted Innovation Project The threat of terrorism and the increasing Russell, and Dmitry Yagodin (eds) power of terrorist groups have prompted a rapid growth of the security services and Sponsor: Reuters Institute for the Study of The Trusted Innovation Project is a new project we are launching in changes in legislation permitting collection Journalism collaboration with the Oxford Internet Institute to investigate the of communications data. This provides Edward Snowden’s revelations about the mass interplay between misinformation campaigns, news, and increasingly journalism with acute dilemmas. The surveillance capabilities of the US National important social media platforms for public understandings of science media claims responsibility for holding Security Agency (NSA) and other security and innovation. The project will start with a focus on discussions power to account, yet cannot know more services triggered an ongoing debate about around artificial intelligence and climate change, and we hope to than superficial details about the newly the relationship between privacy and security expand it to cover many other important issues in the future. The empowered secret services. This book is in the digital world. This discussion has been start of the project is funded by the Oxford Martin School. the first to analyse, in the aftermath of the dispersed into a number of national platforms, Snowden/NSA revelations, relations between reflecting local political realities but also two key institutions in the modern state: the raising questions that cut across national intelligence services and the news media. public spheres. What does this debate tell us It provides the answers to crucial questions about the role of journalism in making sense of including: how can power be held to account global events? This book looks at discussions if one of the greatest state powers is secret? Beyond these projects, we continue to pursue both in-house and of these debates in the mainstream media in How far have the Snowden/NSA revelations collaborative research on a range of other important issues facing the USA, United Kingdom, France, Germany, damaged the activities of the secret services? journalism and news media around the world, across all our three Russia, and China. The chapters focus on And have governments lost all trust from main research themes: journalism and democracy, the business of editorials, commentaries, and op-eds, and journalists and the public? journalism, and the evolving practice of journalism. look at how opinion-based journalism has negotiated key questions on the legitimacy of surveillance and its implications to security and privacy. The authors provide a thoughtful analysis of the possibilities and limits of This page: A DC-10 aircraft drops fire retardant on a wind driven wildfire in Orange, ‘transnational journalism’ at a crucial time of

Research and Publications Research California, U.S., October 9, 2017. REUTERS/Mike Blake political and digital change. and Publications Research

35 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 36 Through quantitative research

CHALLENGES REPORTS 2017 REPORT NEWS DIGITAL INSTITUTE REUTERS Reuters Institute and industry-wide discussions, IN MODERN Digital News Report 2017 this is the first time a study of JOURNALISM this kind has been undertaken into the psychological response of journalists covering a humanitarian crisis.

DIGITAL NEWS PROJECT REPORTS Sponsor: Google’s Digital News Initiative Something Old, Essential Principles for Digital News Report Brand and Trust in a Something New: Contemporary Media 2017 Fragmented News Digital Media and the and Communications Nic Newman with Richard Environment Coverage of Climate Coverage of the EU Indian Newspapers’ Policymaking Fletcher, Antonis Kalogeropoulos, Jason Vir and Andrew Dodds David A. L. Levy, Rasmus Kleis Change Referendum Digital Transition: Robert G. Picard and Victor (Kantar Media) David A. L. Levy, Billur Aslan, Pickard Nielsen James Painter, Maria Carmen The Right to Be Dainik Jagran, Sponsor: Google’s Digital News Diego Bironzo Erviti, Richard Fletcher, Candice Forgotten: Privacy Hindustan Times, and Sponsor: Reuters Institute for the Sponsors: BBC News, Initiative Howarth, Silje Kristiansen, and the Media in the Sponsors: Reuters Institute for Malayala Manorama Study of Journalism Broadcasting Authority of Ireland, This qualitative research Bienvenido León, Alan Ouakrat, Digital Age the Study of Journalism and PRIME Zeenab Aneez, Sumandro Centre d’études sur les médias, This report proposes a set conducted by Kantar Media Adrienne Russell, Mike S. Schäfer George Brock Research Chattapadhyay, Vibodh Université Laval, Edelman, Fritt Ord looks at issues of brand and trust Parthasarathi, Rasmus Kleis of principles as a guide for Foundation, Google, Hans-Bredow- Sponsors: Google and the Digital Sponsor: Reuters Institute for the This report examines how the UK in an increasingly fragmented Nielsen contemporary media and Institut, Korea Press Foundation, News Initiative; the European press covered the EU referendum Study of Journalism communications policymaking. Media Industry Research distributed news environments, Climate Foundation; and the story, and looks at what the key Sponsor: Reuters Institute for the It articulates statements where aggregators and social This study examines the origins, Foundation of Finland, Ofcom, Energy Foundation arguments, spokespeople, tone Study of Journalism of principles to inform the media play a key role. The project consequences, and risks of the Roskilde University, University of Private Sector Media of articles, and areas of focus development of policy objectives covers four countries: Germany, New ‘digital-born players’ such as ‘right to be forgotten’ which This study situates itself at the Canberra, University of Navarra and Digital News were during the referendum. The and policy mechanisms and Spain, the UK and the US. The Huffington Post, BuzzFeed, and came to wide public attention intersection of global trends Alessio Cornia, Annika Sehl and report is based on analysis of to provide consistency across Fuller report supplied on pages. report asks how people make Vice are challenging traditional as a result of an EU court case in news and journalism, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen two days of press coverage each varying issues, technologies, and 28–30. sense of the plethora of providers media in their provision of in 2014. As a result, hundreds emergent practices of print week for London editions of nine actions by defining fundamental News organisations are and the cacophony of voices they news in general, and about the of thousands of internet links media in India. Using three case national newspapers over four criteria that can be used to investing in digital, but most of face online. It explores the level environment in particular. They have been taken out of Google studies of newspapers from REPORT months of the campaign. Of the of attribution that takes place have invested heavily in a wide different language markets, it inform discussion and guide their revenues still come from searches – and we know very The Emotional Toll On Journalists Covering 2,378 articles analysed which policy decisions. It does not The Refugee Crisis traditional operations. This on social media and aggregator range of countries and languages little of how these decisions are explores how print newspapers were focused on the referendum, suggest specific policy measures Anthony Feinstein and Hannah Storm report investigates how private websites and what drives in an attempt to reach young weighed. The wish to be able to in India are transitioning to 41% were pro-Leave as against but articulates principles that sector legacy news organisations trust within these distributed audiences, who increasingly remove harmful internet content the online space by focusing July 2017 27% pro-Remain. Press coverage are relevant and applicable in six European countries are environments. use social media as their source is natural and understandable on two key questions: (1) how focused heavily on politicians to a wide range of media and adapting to an evolving digital of news. They employ a wide but this newly minted right the expansion of the digital, and campaign spokespeople communications platforms, environment by searching range of novel reporting styles, carries dangers for freedom of both as a source of news, and with relatively few analysts/ infrastructures, and activities for new business models and formats, and tone that marks information, journalism, and the the medium of distribution, is experts, academics, and foreign addressed at the local, national, distributing news through social them out from more established right to know because it is rooted shaping the work of journalists, politicians cited, and with more media. Despite their success, and (2) what different modalities regional, and global levels. The media and mobile. in EU data protection law which A beach on the Greek island of Lesbos is covered with deflated dinghies, tubes and life vests left by refugees and migrants after crossing a part attention to personalities and purpose is to help policymakers of the Aegean Sea from the Turkish coast September 21, 2015. REUTERS/Yannis Behrakis they have hardly been studied. protects privacy at the expense of convergence are emerging the contest than the issues. The and policy advocates think This book, written by lead author of information rights. The EU in Indian newsrooms. Also, it press reflected the generally initially at a more principled level James Painter and a team of decision has been influential documents the organisational The Emotional Toll on negative tone of the campaign, and then link policy objectives researchers, takes as a case worldwide but the study also re-engineering that is being Journalists Covering but the Remain camp’s future- and tools to these normative study the UN summit on climate traces how judges in some states attempted in order to do the Refugee Crisis focused messages were the most foundations rather than merely change in December 2015, and have limited the right’s reach journalism in a space where Hannah Storm and Anthony negative, particularly on the seeking immediate problem analyses five online sites in when cases have reached the professional editors and Feinstein economy, compared to the Leave solutions. France, Germany, Spain, the courts. journalists no longer have camp’s more positive tone about Sponsors: Reuters Institute UK, and the USA. It shows that dominance with respect to the a UK outside the EU. for the Study of Journalism and new players are a relevant and production and distribution of International News important addition to climate content. change coverage which reaches Safety Institute new segments of the audience This report looks at how with a content, format, and style journalists were affected by their that are at times very different to coverage of the refugee crisis that of older media. which reached its peak in 2015, when more than one million

Research and Publications Research migrants arrived in Europe. and Publications Research

37 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 38 FACTSHEETS WORKING PAPERS Sponsor: Google’s Digital News Initiative

FACTSHEET May 2017 FACTSHEET Reuters Institute June 2017 for the Study of Journalism

Pay Models in European News The Digital-Born and Legacy

Alessio Cornia, Annika Sehl, Felix Simon, News Media on Twitter during the and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen French Presidential Elections Silvia Majó-Vázquez, Jun Zhao and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen

• 71% of weekly newspapers and news magazines Pay Models: A General Overview distributed. A few media organisations like operate a pay model. Again, freemium models Key fi ndings Liberation, TF1, and Mediapart are mentioned Pay models are becoming an important part of are the most widely used, followed by metered In this RISJ Factsheet, we analyse a sample of 2.96 by others on average hundreds or even more the business of digital news, as legacy revenues paywalls. million news-related tweets from a larger dataset of than a thousand times for every time they tweet. continue to erode, and digital advertising revenues • All broadcasters offer free access to their 43.5 million tweets collected during the 2017 French In contrast, many news organisations, especially increasingly go to large technology companies like digital news. This includes both private sector Presidential elections to examine the role of digital-born local and regional newspapers and smaller digital- Google and Facebook who are able to offer advertisers broadcasters like RTL in Germany or TF1 in France and legacy news media in online political discussions born news media, fi nd the level of engagement unduplicated reach, targeted advertising, and low and public service media like the BBC in the UK or in France. they receive does not correspond to the number of rates. In most countries, it is still only a minority of RAI in Italy. tweets they send, suggesting limited engagement. news lovers who pay for online news (Newman et al • Almost all (97%) the digital-born news media We fi nd that: Interestingly, many of these organisations have a 2016). But more and more news organisations are offer free access to their news. This includes both high ratio of following to followers - but despite thus implementing pay models and some, including both domestic digital-born sites like t-online.de in • Legacy media, most notably newspapers and engaging with many other accounts on Twitter see newspapers and digital-born news media, have built Germany or Fanpage in Italy and US-based broadcasters, fi gure very prominently in the political limited engagement in return. impressive subscriber bases (Mediabriefing 2017). international players like BuzzFeed and the discussion on Twitter. Legacy media generated Huffington Post. Mediapart in France is the only more than seven times as much activity and Our fi ndings suggest that news media organisations – The purpose of this RISJ factsheet is to present an digital-born organisation in our sample that engagement as digital-born news media during especially a few prominent newspapers, broadcasters, overview of the diffusion of different forms of pay operates a pay model. the election. 88.43% of news-related tweets and digital-born news media – fi gure very prominently in models (freemium, metered paywalls, hard paywalls) • Looking only at those news organisations who collected either originated with or included explicit political discussions on Twitter, but also that a number across a sample of various kinds of news organisations operate a pay model, the average price for the reference to legacy media, compared to 11.56% of organisations with considerable audience reach, (broadcasters, digital-born, news magazines, and cheapest available monthly subscription (without that originated with or included explicit reference Twitter follower counts, and who tweet very frequently newspapers) in six different European markets (Finland, discounts) is €13.64 (£11.56). Prices range from to digital-born news media. see much more limited engagement, and that local France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and the United Kingdom). €2.10 (£1.78) to €54.27 (£46) a month. • A high number of followers and frequent tweeting and regional newspapers as well as smaller digital- does not automatically translate into high levels born news media see little engagement on Twitter. Based on a sample of 171 of the most important news We thus find that most newspapers and news of engagement from audiences. Some prominent The Rise of Fact- Digital-Born News Beyond the Article: VR for News: The New organisations in these six countries, we find that: magazines across Europe are moving away from newspapers (Le Monde and Liberation), digital news offered for free and supported primarily by broadcasters (TF1 and BFM TV), and digital- General Overview • 66% percent of the newspapers operate a pay display advertising, and are cultivating a wider range born news media (Mediapart and Brut) see high model. Freemium models, where some content of sources of revenue, including various pay models in levels of engagement, but some newspapers and Digital-born and legacy media are competing to control is freely available, but premium material only addition to native advertising, ecommerce, events etc. digital-born news media have much lower levels the most central positions in the fl ow of online news. available for paying users, are the most widely (Cornia et al., 2016). Some digital-born news media, of engagement than their general audience reach, How this competition, which is even greater during Checking Sites in Media in Europe Frontiers of Editorial Reality? used, followed by metered paywalls that allow free like Mediapart, or beyond our case countries other follower count, and their frequent tweeting would major political events, unfolds on Twitter is still largely access to a limited number of articles each month organisations like DeCorrespondent in the Netherlands, lead one to expect. unknown. The 2017 French Presidential election offers before requiring payment. El Diario in Spain, and Zetland in Denmark, are also • Attention and engagement is very unevenly a useful lens to investigate the role of digital-born and Europe Tom Nicholls, Nabeelah Shabbir, and Commercial Zillah Watson 1 1 Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Lucas Graves and Federica Innovation This report provides a snapshot Cherubini We examine funding models, Kevin Anderson of developments in virtual reality Pay Models in French Election Political Influence Editorial Email distribution, and editorial priorities European News Factsheet Index Pilot Study Newsletters: The Independent political fact- This report looks at innovative (VR) in the news industry in 2017 at 12 European digital-born news Silvia Majo-Vasquez, Jun Zhao, checkers have emerged across journalism formats that are and the motivations for early Factsheet Results Medium is Not the media. They are clearly rooted in Alessio Cornia, Annika Sehl, Felix Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Robert G. Picard and Janice Europe over the last decade. This not traditional articles. It investment in this emerging Only Message the profession of journalism and Simon and Rasmus Kleis Nieslen Winter report surveys the landscape of focuses on case studies in three technology. Over 20 VR experts Digital-born and legacy news Andrew Jack European fact-checking outlets, seem most successful where old are interviewed to demonstrate areas: distributed content, More and more news media are competing to control The Political Influence Index An analysis of the content, examining the mission, the media are weak, not where online the range of VR content being conversational interfaces, and organisations are implementing the most central positions in the project was designed to develop business models, trends, methods, the funding, and the ad markets are most developed. created, and early thinking about new video formats including paywalls, as legacy revenues flow of online news. In this RISJ an assessment instrument advantages, and limitations of organisational structure of these Digital-born and legacy news the production, distribution, and virtual reality. The report explores continue to erode and digital Factsheet, we examine how this for comparative national the growing number of editorial groups across the continent, media are similar; they also face monetisation of VR for news. the development models as well advertising increasingly goes competition unfolds during the measurements of the influence email newsletters. The study, with a focus on their fraught similar challenges online. as revenue streams being tested to large technology companies. French presidential election. of media on politics/government based on analysis and interviews relationships with traditional to support these formats. In this factsheet, we present We analyse a sample of 2.96 and the influence of politics/ with leading outlets, highlights news media. an overview of the diffusion of million news-related tweets from government on media. The DIGITAL NEWS PROJECT email’s continued popularity 2017 different forms of pay models a larger dataset of 43.5 million hope was that implementation for marketing and stresses its across a sample of 171 of the most messages collected during the of the index would create a ‘I Saw the News on Facebook’ value in journalism. It offers a 2017 French elections. We find Brand Attribution when Accessing News important news organisations in dataset for use in a variety of way to maintain a strong direct from Distributed Environments six European countries (Finland, that legacy media, most notably media, political, and political relationship with readers, a newspapers and broadcasters, Antonis Kalogeropoulos and Nic Newman France, Germany, Italy, Poland, communication research high degree of targeting, better and the UK). Results show figure very prominently in the settings. The index would be far showcasing of existing content, that different types of news political discussions on Twitter. more focused and precise than and original analysis and organisations adopt diverse Legacy media generated more existing transparency, corruption, commentary. Editorial emails approaches. A clear majority than seven times as much and free press indices that are provide short, simple, primarily of newspapers and weeklies activity and engagement as widely used in a variety of media, text-based content, ‘pushed’ to operate a pay model (freemium, digital-born news media during political, and policy research. readers in a way that is easily ‘I Saw the News on metered paywalls, hard paywalls), the election. The results suggest The index was initially developed retrievable and quick to skim. The Journalism, Media and Facebook’: Brand whereas all broadcasters and that some newspapers and in 2013–14 and a pilot test was best ones have parallels in other Technology Predictions Developing Digital Attribution When almost all digital-born sites offer digital-born news media have conducted in 2015 to assess its forms of journalistic output: News Alerts and 2017 News in Public Sector Accessing News free access to their news. Pay much lower levels of engagement applicability in a variety of media, discovery, curation, serendipity, than their general audience the Battle for the Nic Newman Media from Distributed models adoption is widespread political, and cultural settings. and ‘finishability’ in an ever- especially in Finland, France, and reach, follower count, and their The test implementation was growing universe of digital Lockscreen This report covers possible Annika Sehl, Alessio Cornia, Environments Poland, where from 87% to 95% frequent tweeting would lead made in Germany, France, Italy, content beyond the capacity Nic Newman developments with fake news, the Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Antonis Kalogeropoulos and Nic of newspapers and weeklies have one to expect. According to our Hungary, India, Russia, United of any individual to identify or Mobile news alerts are becoming role of platforms, new business Newman This report explores how adopted paywalls. By contrast, in analysis, audience attention and Kingdom, and United States, absorb. While falling demand a critical way for publishers models, online video, the growing public service media across The growth of social media and Italy, Germany, and the UK, many engagement is very unevenly where we were very grateful to among younger users and more to engage the smartphone importance of messaging apps, six European countries are aggregators has changed the of the most important news distributed and it is not always the experts who assisted us. innovative digital platforms may generation. This report from virtual reality (VR), augmented developing new projects and nature of online consumption. outlets continue to offer free proportional to the level of Unfortunately, while the initial ultimately supersede emails, the Reuters Institute finds reality (AR), and the potential products to deliver digital news. Do people remember the news access to their digital content. media activity. findings were encouraging, a these underlying characteristics significant demand for a range impact of artificial intelligence The focus is specifically on brand when they visit a story via lack of external funding for the will be ever more important and of personalised alerts, beyond and automation for journalism. the internal factors that those a sideways access? This report project meant that we were not should be preserved. It includes the results of a survey breaking news, and points to the involved see as influencing the investigates such questions by able to develop it and apply it to a of 142 leading editors, CEOs, and opportunities opened up by the process of product development. employing a tracking study wider range of countries. digital leaders of whom 70% introduction of richer notification We identify four foundational and and survey. thought that worries over fake/ options in both Apple and three additional factors. android devices. inaccurate news in social networks

Research and Publications Research would strengthen their position in and Publications Research the coming year.

39 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 40 41 Research and Publications 100% ofAustralia’s population. organisation’s reach from 70% to as away ofextending the third-party digital platforms, establishing partnerships with Guthrie’s new strategy of BBC along theway. Itexplores makes comparisons withthe often turbulenthistory, and of theorganisation’s recent and Guthrie, against thebackdrop new ManagingDirector, Michelle on theABC’s first year undera commercial providers. Itfocuses loyal audiences or antagonising digital mediawithoutalienating younger audiences through challenge ofreaching diverse, the corporation ismeetingthe (ABC), thepaperexamines how Broadcasting Corporation Focusing on theAustralian David A.L.Levy Times and Cash Strapped Politically Polarised in Updating PSBin The ABC:ACase Study efficient inthis century. reform to beeffective and media environments willneed designed for twentieth-century forms ofpolicy intervention environment also meansthat digital, mobile,andsocial media The move to anincreasingly the diversity ofnews production. media pluralism by undermining media landscapecanreduce cost-cutting elsewhere inthe together withconsolidation and Domination by thesenew players news andindigital advertising. role bothinthedistribution of play anincreasingly important large technology companies Instead, alimited numberof revenue declineor stagnate. pressure asexistingsources of news andare undergrowing important distributors of are becoming relatively less and findingnews, legacy media intermediaries for accessing on social mediaandother via mobiledevices andrely As more people getnews changing mediaenvironment. media andjournalism intoday’s and opportunities for news This report reviews challenges of Europe Commissioned by theCouncil Cornia, Antonis Kalogeropoulos. Rasmus KleisNielsen,Alessio Media Environment Mobile, andSocial Increasingly Digital, Journalism inan News Mediaand Opportunities for Challenges and OTHER PUBLICATIONS Denmark. emphasis on implications for we donotknow, withaspecial there isdisagreement, andwhat maps what we know, where and market impact.The report political impact,social impact, sector mediawithregard to their public service mediaandprivate research on therelation between stakeholder (industry/regulatory) map relevant academicand The purpose ofthereport isto Culture –Denmark this report for theMinistryof The Reuters Institute prepared David A.L.Levy Fletcher, Annika Sehl, Rasmus KleisNielsen,Richard and Private Media Public Service Media Relation andImpactof Analysis ofthe

Associates Research of news andinformation. Hacks/Hackers London, and technologists whichbrings to (‘hackers’) together rethink journalists (‘hacks’) thefuture on projects focusedon examining how journalism’s present willleadto itsfuture. Sheisone ofthe co-organisers of Sites inEurope. From 2010to 2016sheworked for theWorld Association ofNewspapers andNews Publishers(WAN-IFRA) and Metrics. Sheisalso one oftheco-authors ofthereports The Future ofOnline Video News andThe RiseofFact-Checking together withRasmusKleisNielsen,thereport Editorial Analytics: How Media News are Developing andUsingAudience Data portfolio across 11countries. Previously, shewas partoftheDigital News Project team at theRISJ, for whichshewrote, the exchange ofknowledge, ideas,andbestpractices between editorial, commercial, andproduct teams oftheCNI’s Federica CherubiniisHeadofKnowledge Sharingat Condé NastInternational. Inherrole sheleverages andsupports Federica Cherubini ChallengesNew (Peter 2016,edited Lang, with Stephen Cushion). Security (with Simon Cottle andNickMosdell) (Palgrave Macmillan,2016),andThe Future Directions, New of24-HourNews: Trust: Impartiality andObjectivity intheDigital Age (RISJ2012),Reporting Dangerously: Journalist Killings,Intimidation and and thefuture ofnews. Hisotherpublications include Are Foreign Correspondents Redundant? (RISJ2010),Delivering of news, andfinally director ofglobal news andthe world service. Hehaswritten andspoken frequently on journalism News, working across national radio programmes, andTV andinsenior managementasheadofnewsgathering, director published inearly 2018.Previously hehada30-year career at theBBCasaproducer andprogramme editor inBBC collaboration ininvestigative journalism involving participantsfrom across Europe, theUK, andtheUSA. This willbe Programme includingchairingourWednesday seminarsandco-chaired aworkshop withRasmusNielsenon the Institute for theStudy ofJournalism. Inthepastyear hehasassisted James Painter withmany aspectsoftheFellowship Richard Sambrook isprofessor ofjournalism at Cardiff University andSenior Research Associate at the Reuters Richard Sambrook Atlantic Books.Heisworking on anew bookon nationalism. democracy? He willpublish,intheautumn of2017, The Power: abookon andtheStory journalism intheworld, from has become routine? Andhow cantheseagenciesensure that they work, andare seento work, intheservice ofthe far mustjournalism changeto reflect anew reality in a world where massmonitoring ofactivities and communications intelligence agenciesevolve withtheadvent oftheinternet, andwiththefocusofagencieson terrorism. Itasks:how services inFrance, theUK, andtheUS, to determine how farandinwhat ways ithaschangedasbothjournalism andthe an Age ofTerror. The book,supported by David Ure, examines therelationship between journalism andthesecurity from theNational SecurityAgency intheUS, was publishedby I.B. Tauris inJanuary 2017underthetileJournalism in for theInstitute, on thecontemporary relationship between journalism andthesecret services, prompted by theleaks Civic Education (though,having beendeclared a‘Foreign Agent’, ispresently unable to work withinRussia). Hisbook He isaContributing Editor to theFinancial Times, acolumnist for reuters.com, andchairmanoftheMoscow Schoolof John Lloyd isaco-founder andSenior Research Fellow at theReuters Institute andmemberoftheAdvisory Board. John Lloyd 42

Research and Publications Research Associates Visiting Fellows

Lara Fielden Lucy Küng

Lara Fielden has had an association with the Reuters Institute since 2011, as a Research Associate and as a Visiting Lucy Küng is the first Google Digital News Senior Research Fellow. She is a professor and expert on strategy, innovation Fellow. Building on her RISJ publications on media regulation she has published numerous articles, contributed to and leadership with particular emphasis on mastering technology shifts. In addition to her role at the Reuters Institute, academic conferences and Select Committee inquiries, and gave oral and written evidence to the Leveson Inquiry. she is Non-Executive Board Member of the NZZ Media Group, and Visiting Professor of Media Innovation at the Her participation in the September 2015 Middlesex University conference on press regulation in an era of convergence University of Oslo. She holds a PhD and Habilitation from the University of St Gallen, Switzerland and an MBA from resulted in an article for a special edition of the journal Convergence (June 2016). She also supervises RISJ Journalist City University London/Ashridge. She is author of numerous books, including Innovators in Digital News (2015), Strategic Fellows who have a particular interest in regulation. Since 2014 Lara has served on the Complaints Committee of the Management in the Media: From Theory to Practice (winner of the AEMJM Media Management Book Award) (2nd edition Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO) adjudicating on press complaints. In 2016 she joined the Advisory 2017), Inside the BBC and CNN – Managing Media Organizations, and When Innovation Fails to Disrupt: The Case of BBC Board of the University of Sheffield’s Department of Journalism Studies. News Online. In 2017 she was awarded the European Media Management Award for Excellence in Media Management Scholarship and Practice.

Sarah Ganter Frances Stead Sellers Dr Sarah Anne Ganter is an Assistant Professor (tenure-track) at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, where she recently joined the School of Communication at the Faculty of Arts, Communication and Technology. She is also a Frances Stead Sellers is a reporter on the national staff of the Washington Post who wrote in-depth news features on the Research Associate at the RISJ. Her main research interests include media governance and media policy in the digital leading presidential candidates as part of the newsroom’s 2016 election campaign coverage. In her time at the RISJ, she era, media industries (journalism and cultural industries), comparative and cross-border research, and qualitative has been looking at the emergence of the alt right, a far-right fringe group that gained widespread name recognition a methods. Whilst working as Research Fellow at the RISJ, she developed work on the relationship between legacy media few months before Donald Trump became president when he selected Breitbart News Daily host Steve Bannon to lead organisations and digital intermediaries, and their broader emerging implications for news production and dissemination his campaign. In Oxford, Frances has also given radio and TV interviews about Trump’s ascendancy and the early days of from a comparative perspective. Sarah obtained her PhD at the University of Vienna, Austria (2017). Her work has his administration and about the influence of Steve Bannon. She has given talks and appeared on panels both at Oxford, been published in journals including New Media and Society and the European Journal of Communication, and in various including the Reuters Institute and the Rothermere American Institute, and at other academic institutions such as King’s book projects. College, London. The most rewarding part of her time at Oxford, she says, has been the opportunity to exchange ideas and gain insights from the visiting Journalism Fellows.

Geert Linnebank

Geert Linnebank was Editor-in-Chief of Reuters from 2000 to 2006. He started his career as a reporter in Brussels with Agence Europe and AP-Dow Jones before joining Reuters in 1983, where he held reporting and editing positions in Belgium, the Netherlands, and, latterly, at Reuters London head office. Linnebank is non-executive Chairman at Independent Television News (ITN), a non-executive director at Salini Impregilo Spa, a member of the RISJ Steering Committee, and he is a Trustee of the Thomson Reuters Foundation, which he chaired until 2008.

Nic Newman

Nic Newman is a journalist and digital strategist who played a key role in shaping the BBC’s internet services over more than a decade. He was a founding member of the BBC News Website, leading international coverage as World Editor (1997–2001). As Head of Product Development he led digital teams, developing websites, mobile, and interactive TV applications for all BBC Journalism sites. Nic is the lead author of the annual Reuters Institute Digital News Report. He is also a consultant on digital media, working actively with news companies on product, audience, and business strategies for digital transition. Research and Publications Research and Publications Research

43 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 44 Events

Zeinab, 14, sits as she holds her nephew at a camp for internally displaced people from drought hit areas in Dollow, Somalia April 4, 2017. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra

Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 46 Far right: From Left: Rasmus Kleis Nielsen and John Lloyd at the RISJ Events launch of Journalism in an Age of Terror, Institute for Government, January 2017 2016-2017 Below right: Alan Rusbridger and Ritu Kapur at Reuters Memorial Lecture, February 2017

Below: Jonathan Whitten Executive Director of News Content, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) at the Public Service News Forum, September 2016

Far below: James Painter at the launch of Digital Media and the coverage of Climate Change, CCLA, December 2016

SPECIAL EVENTS

(Director of News, ABC Australia), Christopher News Avoidance Workshop Turpin (Vice President, News Programming 15 September 2016 and Operations, NPR), and Guido Baumhauer RISJ, Oxford (Managing Director of Distribution, Marketing and Technology, Deutsche Welle). This workshop marked the start of a Representatives from the Reuters Institute new research programme at the Reuters led presentations and discussions, namely Institute focused on news avoidance. The David A. L. Levy, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, Nic aim was to seek advice on how to define the Newman, Richard Sambrook, and Lucy Küng. phenomenon and its manifestations, how to approach it conceptually and practically, and how to devise the right combinations International Journal of Press/ of methods for studying its causes and Politics Conference consequences. Academics from across Europe 28–30 September 2016 joined us for this important discussion. St Anne’s College, Oxford

The second annual conference of the Public Service News Forum International Journal of Press/Politics 15–16 September 2016 brought together 60 scholars working on RISJ, Oxford the intersection between news media and politics around the world. Rasmus Kleis The Reuters Institute held its second high- Nielsen (RISJ) and Katrin Voltmer (Professor level, off-the-record, forum with the Heads of Communication and Democracy, School of News of Public Service Broadcasters. The of Media and Communication, University of forum provided research-informed insight Leeds) gave key note addresses. into new digital developments, changing audience behaviour, and the strategic challenges posed by political, regulatory, and Investigative Collaborations competitive pressures, including the rise Workshop of platforms and digital intermediaries like 2 December 2016 search engines and social media. Participants had a unique opportunity to learn from each RISJ, Oxford other and share experiences of tackling Richard Sambrook and Rasmus Kleis digital transitions and responding to the new Nielsen hosted an intimate roundtable competitive landscape. Attendees included workshop on the editorial, legal, and technical Maria Rørbye Rønn (Director General, issues surrounding collaborative journalism. Danish Broadcasting Corporation), Gautam Attendees included representatives from the Rangarajan (Director of Strategy, BBC), Center for Public Integrity; Bellingcat, the Benedicte Autret (Head of Strategic Relations Above: Public Service News Forum, September 2016 - From left: International Consortium of Investigative News & Publishers, Google), Jennifer McGuire Jennifer McGuire (General Manager and Editor in Chief of CBC News); Journalists; BuzzFeed; El País; and the Bureau Christopher Turpin (Vice President, News Programming and Operations, NPR); (General Manager and Editor in Chief of CBC of Investigative Journalism. Maria Rørbye Rønn (Director General, Danish Broadcasting Corporation) News), Atte Jääskeläinen (Director of News

Events 2016-2017 Events and Current Affairs, YLE),Gaven Morris Right: Lord Patten introducing the Reuters Memorial Lecture, 2016-2017 Events St. Anne’s College, February 2017

47 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 48 Special Events Publication Launches

Rusbridger and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, was and to share, off the record, their ideas and was made up of Fiona Harvey (Guardian their sources, and how to fight against the Reuters Memorial Lecture: We PUBLICATION LAUNCHES Broke the News, How do we an effort to bring experts together from experience about how their organisations Environment Correspondent), Kelly Oakes powers that seek to silence criticism and call varied backgrounds to debate the multiple are confronting the key challenges of (BuzzFeed Science Editor), Megan Darby into question the media’s credibility. At the Fix it? dimensions of the problem, clarify its scope, digital transformation. The forum brought (Climate Home News Editor), and Helen event, Joel Simon (Executive Director of CPJ) 10 February 2017 and consider informed and appropriate together participants from India (Indian Trust in a fragmented news Wildsmith (CCLA Stewardship Director, gave a short overview of the report which was St Anne’s College, Oxford solutions if and where it is warranted. There Express), Canada (The Globe and Mail), and environment Climate Change). followed by a fascinating panel discussion were 16 participants in this invitation-only across Europe: Irish Times, JP/Politikens Hus 11 October 2016 delving deeper into some of the issues This year, the Reuters memorial lecture workshop, including Stephen Ansolabehere (Denmark), NRC Handelsblad (Netherlands), BBC New Broadcasting House, raised. On the panel were Alan Rusbridger featured guest speaker Melissa Bell of Vox (Professor of Political Science, Harvard), Dagens Nyheter (Sweden), Upday (Germany), Journalism in an Age of Terror (former Editor-in-Chief, Guardian, and author Media. The lecture saw Bell call for the London Marty Baron (Editor, Washington Post), 24MEDIA Group (Greece), El País (Spain), Neue 11 January 2017 of the ‘Fiscal Blackmail’ chapter on Kenya media to stop ’worshipping objectivity’, admit Madhav Chinnappa (Director of Strategic Zürcher Zeitung (Switzerland), Der Standard – in this report), Lindsey Hilsum (Channel 4 The Reuters Institute and Kantar Media Institute for Government, its problems, and be more frank about its Relations for News and Publishers, Google), (Austria), Le Monde (France), and the Financial News International Editor and the author of presented the report Brand and Trust in a position and purpose. Bell shared nine key Timothy Garton Ash (Professor of European Times and the Guardian (UK). The group was London ‘Sandstorm; Libya in the Time of Revolution’). Fragmented News Environment. The event ways in which she sees the media as failing, Studies, Oxford), Philip Howard (Professor joined throughout by Monique Villa (CEO of It was chaired by Razia Iqbal (Presenter, aimed to answer topical questions. What level John Lloyd presented some of the key findings along with some of her suggestions for of Internet Studies, Oxford), Kate O’Regan the Thomson Reuters Foundation), and Alan Newshour, on the BBC World Service, and of attribution takes place within social media from his fascinating and timely new book at solutions to the challenges. She then joined a (Director of the Bonavero Institute of Human Rusbridger (Principal, Lady Margaret Hall, the World Tonight on BBC Radio 4). and aggregator’s websites? What drives trust lively panel discussion featuring Marty Baron Rights), Vivian Schiller (Former Global Chair Oxford, Chair of the RISJ and former Editor- this event. A panel of experts then debated within these distributed environments? How (Editor, Washington Post), Tom Standage of News, Twitter, and former President and in-Chief, Guardian). Issues covered included the answers to crucial questions including: is the relationship between news content (Deputy Editor, The Economist), Ritu Kapur CEO of NPR), Sir Nigel Shadbolt (Principal, ‘attribution, data and money in a distributed how can power be held to account if one of and the consumer shifting? And what are the VR for News: The New Reality? (Co-founder and CEO, Quintillion Media). Jesus College, Oxford), Monique Villa (CEO, environment’, ‘Driving change in the news the greatest state powers is secret? How far implications for journalism, the press, news 10 May 2017 It was chaired by Alan Rusbridger (Former Thomson Reuters Foundation), and Patrick media’, and ‘Challenges and opportunities for have the Snowden/NSA revelations damaged media, and traditional news brands? Speakers BBC New Broadcasting House Editor, Guardian). Walker (Director of Media Partnerships innovation’. The sessions were led by David A. the activities of the secret services? And have included James Montgomery (Digital Director, EMEA, Facebook). L. Levy, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, Lucy Küng, governments lost all trust from journalists BBC News), Nic Newman (Digital Strategist Virtual reality (VR) journalism has emerged and Nic Newman. The gathering testifies and the public? The panel was chaired by and Research Associate, RISJ), Jason Vir from its experimental phase in the past three Fake News Workshop to the role of the RISJ in bringing together Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (RISJ), and speakers (Director Insight Solutions Kantar Media) years to become an integrated part of many industry leaders for a frank exchange of ideas included Andrew Dorman (Professor of 11 February 2017 Editor and CEO Forum and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (RISJ). newsrooms. At the same time, technological in a time of rapid change. This was the fourth International Security, Kings College), RISJ, Oxford 30–31 March 2017 advances have made the medium available such meeting of industry leaders convened Stephen Grey (Security Correspondent, RISJ, Oxford to consumers, especially in the form of 360 by the RISJ, aimed at sharing experience Reuters), and Sir David Omand (former The Reuters Institute convened a group videos watched on smartphones, sometimes and stimulating new thinking, as well as Digital Media and the Coverage head of GCHQ). of editors, researchers, and industry The Reuters Institute gathered together a very supplemented by a cheap cardboard contributing new insights that further enrich of Climate Change professionals to assess the contemporary distinguished group of news industry leaders, headset. Zillah Watson presented the finding the research agenda and relevance of the challenges related to the spread of fake Editors-in-Chief, and CEOs from 13 countries 14 December 2016 of her report, covering questions such as: work of the Institute. Attacks on the Press news. This workshop, convened by Alan for 24 hours to learn from RISJ research CCLA, London Will consumers ever really use VR beyond 25 April 2017 gaming? Can we find good user cases for Over 100 people attended the launch of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford the technology in medicine, architecture, Dr James Painter’s new report: Something education – and journalism? Can media Old, Something New: Digital Media and the The RISJ, in partnership with the Committee organisations overcome the content and Coverage of Climate Change at the CCLA to Protect Journalists (CPJ) launched the 2017 technical challenges to make VR the new offices in Queen Victoria Street, London. report Attacks on the Press: The New Face of reality? A panel discussion followed, chaired Journalists, academics, and professionals Censorship. The report is a comprehensive Left: Attendees at the by Nic Newman (Research Associate, RISJ), from the environmental sector gathered to guide to the state of press freedom around Editor and CEO Forum, at with input from Kay Meseberg (Head of VR, the globe, and within its pages, journalists Reuters Institute for the hear an opening talk by Lord Nicholas Stern, ARTE) and Anna Bateson (VP – Platforms and Study of Journalism, followed by an overview of the book by James and media observers examine abuses, expose Partnerships, the Guardian). March 2017 Painter and finally a panel discussion chaired nations that violate press freedom with by Richard Black, former BBC Environment impunity, and provide potential solutions – Right: John Lloyd at the Correspondent. Representing the diversity of including guidance on possible work-around,

Events 2016-2017 Events launch of Journalism in the 2016-2017 Events on how to ensure the safety of journalists and age of Terror, January 2017 old and new media organisations, the panel

49 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 50 Partnered Events

reporting of the referendum campaign fair? President of the United States. How did he PARTNERED EVENTS Did Leave and Remain get equal and due do it? What will it mean for America and the coverage? Speakers at the event included wider world? Will he go ahead with his radical David A. L. Levy (Director, RISJ), Matthew policy agenda? The RISJ partnered with the Whose Media, Whose Elliott (Chief Executive, Vote Leave), Lucy Blavatnik School of Government to convene Interests? Ownership, Public Thomas (Deputy Director, Britain Stronger In an expert panel which led a lively debate Sphere and Online Space Europe), Jonathan Isaby (Editor, BrexitCentral, into these questions. The panel featured Bill 18 September 2016 and former journalist), Richard Corbett Emmott (former Editor of The Economist, (Labour MEP for Yorkshire and Humber, and Visiting Fellow of Practice at the Blavatnik Václav Havel Library, Prague Founder of mythbusters); and the debate was School of Government), Sohrab Ahmari, chaired by Dr Sara Hagemann (Assistant (Columnist, Wall Street Journal), Sarah This conference was jointly organised by the Professor, European Institute). Churchwell (Professor of American Literature Václav Havel Library, Aspen Institute Prague, and Public Understanding of the Humanities and the Centre for the Study of Political at the University of East Anglia), Pepper Philosophy, Ethics and Religion, Charles The Right to be Forgotten – Culpepper (Professor of Politics and Public University in Prague, with support from Policy, Blavatnik School of Government), the RISJ. The aim of the conference was to Privacy and the Media in the and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (Director of critically reflect upon some of the main issues Digital Age Research, RISJ). which currently surround debates about the 12 October 2016 performance of media in the Czech Republic City, University of London and Central Europe in general, namely the Independence Day: Did the changing models of media ownership, the At this event, co-hosted with the City, British Media Enable Voters independence of public service broadcasting, University of London, George Brock as well as the spreading of disinformation (Professor of Journalism, City, University of to Make an Informed Choice in and propaganda via the social network sites. London) presented key findings from his the Brexit Referendum? John Lloyd (Senior Research Fellow, RISJ) new book. A panel of experts (including 18 November 2016 was a keynote speaker and David A. L. Levy Dr Julia Powles (Faculty of Law, Cambridge St Antony’s College, Oxford (Director, RISJ), chaired a session on public University), Dr Paul Bernal (Lecturer broadcasting. in Information Technology, University RISJ co-sponsored a panel discussion with of East Anglia), Peter Barron (Head of Free Speech Debate and the European Studies Communications EMEA, Google), and Dr Centre to delve deeper into some of the issues Press Coverage of the European Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (Director of Research, surrounding the European Referendum. The Referendum RISJ) then discussed the history behind the panel was chaired by Timothy Garton Ash (St 20 September 2016 judgment, the varied motives behind it, and Antony’s College, Oxford) and featured guest European Parliament Ofce, the wider implications for freedom of speech speakers: Billur Aslan (RISJ), David Deacon and journalism. Europe House, London (Loughborough University), and Caroline Lees (European Journalism Observatory/RISJ).

This event launched the RISJ report of the Public Debate: What President same name which resulted from a partnership with media insight specialists, PRIME Trump Means Research, to examine the output of the nine 16 November 2016 Top Left: From left: Rasmus Kleis Nielsen and Above Left: Panel discussion for Journalism in an Age British national newspapers across the four Blavatnik School of Government, George Brock at The Right to be Forgotten – of Terror at the Institute for Government, January 2017. months of the highly charged and divisive Oxford Privacy and the Media in the Digital Age event, From right: Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, Andrew Dorman and referendum campaign. The London office of October 2016 Sir David Omand the European Parliament Office partnered Following a bruising and often controversial

Events 2016-2017 Events Top Right: Panel discussion on Attacks on the Above Right: Razia Iqbal chairing Attacks on the Press with RISJ to launch this timely and insightful campaign, Donald Trump was elected as the 2016-2017 Events Press at Lady Margaret Hall, April 2017 event at Lady Margaret Hall, April 2017 report addressing issues such as: Was press

51 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 52 RISJ Seminar Series 2016-2017

Hilary Term 2017 Trinity Term 2017 MEDIA AND POLITICS Hilary Term 2017 Trinity Term 2017 SEMINARS` SEMINARS THE BUSINESS AND PRACTICE Old Media, New Media, and Politics The Enemy of my Enemy is Still my Enemy: Nuffield College Russian Politics and Russian Journalism in How the Global Financial Crisis is Shaping OF JOURNALISM SEMINARS in Brazil The Polarised Media Landscape in Syria the Time of Putin and Trump Political Upheavals: Reflections on UKIP, , Editor, Global Editorial , Freelance Journalist for , member of the Central Green Templeton College Americo Martins Rima Marrouch Michaelmas Term 2016 Vladimir Ashurkov Brexit, and Trump Partnerships, BBC, and former Director Reuters, BBC, CBS, and Al Jazeera, and former Council of Progress Party Jane Green, Professor of Political Science, General of Brazil’s public Journalist Fellow University of Manchester, and co-director of Michaelmas Term 2016 broadcasting company The Need for Slow Media in the Digital Age A German Experience of Covering Brexit the 2015 British Election Study Helen Boaden, Director of BBC Radio Why Facebook Matters and What you Need Diana Zimmermann, London Correspondent How Journalism Faces a Second Wave of Making an Impact with Journalism in to Know about Digital for ZDF German public television From Black and White to Read All Over – Journalism in the Age of Terrorism Disruption from Technology and Changing Today’s 24/7 Digital News Landscape Esra Dogramaci, Senior Digital Editor, Political Reporting in a Digital Age John Lloyd, Senior Research Fellow, the RISJ Audience Behaviour Rachel Oldroyd, Managing Editor, Bureau of Deutsche Welle Analysing Foreign Affairs for a Global Isabel Oakeshott, political journalist and Nic Newman, Digital Media Strategist and Investigative Journalism Audience commentator, and co-author of Call Me Dave Different Styles of Journalism in Japan and Research Associate, RISJ Women on Air – Where are the Experts? Gideon Rachman, Chief Foreign Affairs Is Censorship Stifling China’s Media? Suzanne Franks, Professor of Journalism, the UK Commentator, Financial Times Talking to Trump Reiko Saisho, Bureau Chief, NHK London How the BBC Reaches Digital Audiences in Vincent Ni, Senior Producer, BBC World City University, London Frances Stead Sellers, senior writer, Bureau and former Journalist Fellow South Asia Service, and former Foreign Correspondent The Value of Being Right Washington Post Roopa Suchak, South Asia Workstream for Caixin Media News in the Digital Age, and How The Niko Price, Europe Editor, Reflections on Media and Politics: From Lead, BBC Economist Fits in? Associated Press Media Freedom and Free Speech in Digital Transformation – The Organisation Tom Standage, Deputy Editor, The Economist Margaret Thatcher to Brexit South Africa The Rt Hon. the Lord David Willetts, former From Afghanistan to a More Dangerous Challenges The Assault on Reason: Fake News, Post Kate O’Regan, Director of the Bonavero Minister for Universities and Science, 2010–14, World Lucy Küng, Google Digital News Senior The Optician of Lampedusa – Opening the Truth and the Media Institute of Human Rights, Faculty of Law, and MP for Havant, 1992–2015 Christina Lamb, Foreign Affairs Research Fellow, RISJ World’s Eyes to the Human Story behind Richard Sambrook, Professor of Journalism, and former constitutional court judge in Correspondent, Sunday Times Mass Migration Cardiff University, and Senior Research South Africa Reporting Africa: New Storytellers, New Emma Jane Kirby, BBC Correspondent, Politics, Media, and Language in the era of Fellow, RISJ Trump and Brexit Quartz: A Mobile-First Approach to News Stories? author of the Optician of Lampedusa, and Mark Thompson, CEO of the New York Times Akshat Rathi, Reporter, Quartz Melanie Bunce, Senior Lecturer in former Journalist Fellow Journalism, City University, co-editor of and former Director-General of the BBC Strength in Numbers – How Journalists Africa’s Media Image in the 21st Century Producing News Videos that Young People Cracked the Panama Papers Care about Holly Watt, Investigations Correspondent, Freedom of Information and the Informed Sakhr Al-Makhadhi, Acting Executive Guardian Citizen Producer, AJ+ Heather Brooke, Investigative Journalist, Reuters: Innovating to Stay Ahead – From author, and Professor of Journalism at Broadcasting in the Age of Brexit and Pigeons to Multimedia City University Trump Jane Barrett, Global Head of Multimedia, Justin Webb, BBC Today Presenter, Radio 4 Editorial, Reuters Newsweek: Legacy Title as Startup Owen Matthews, Contributing Editor, and Catastrophic Success: President Erdoğan of former Moscow and Istanbul Bureau Chief, Turkey and the Opposition Media Newsweek International Kerim Balci, Editor-in-Chief, Turkish Review Opposite page Left: The Right to be Forgotten Investigative Journalism in the Age of – Privacy and the Media in the Digital Age panel discussion. From left: Peter Barron; Paul Bernal; Statistics, the BBC, and Impartiality Social News George Brock and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Dame Jil Matheson, former UK National Tom Warren, Investigations Editor, Statistician and leader of BBC Trust Review BuzzFeed UK Opposite page Right: Lord Stern at the launch

Events 2016-2017 Events of Statistics of the Digital Media and the Coverage of Climate 2016-2017 Events Change at the CCLA, December 2016

53 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 54 About Us

Seagulls and rock-fishing couple, Arie and Zakiyyah Widodo are sprayed by a large wave breaking against the rocks near Sydney’s Bronte Beach, Australia, February 26, 2017. Picture taken February 26, 2017. REUTERS/Aaron Bunch

Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 56 About Us 2016-2017

Governance 2016-17 Chair: The Rt Hon Lord Patten Alexandra Föderl-Schmid, Jimmy Maymann, former CEO, Editorial Committee Chair: Dr Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, Geert Linnebank, Trustee of the Prof. Jean Seaton, Professor of Barnes, CH, Chancellor of the Editor-in Chief, Der Standard Huffington Post Director of Research, RISJ Thomson Reuters Foundation of Communications and University of Oxford and non-executive director at ITN Media History, University of The RISJ Advisory Board Tim Gardam, Chief Executive, Michael Parks, Professor of The RISJ Editorial Prof. Timothy Garton Ash, Westminster comprises individuals Prof. Stephen Ansolabehere, Nuffield Foundation Journalism, Annenberg School Committee is Professor of European Studies, John Lloyd, Senior Research Professor of Government, for Communication and St Antony’s College, Oxford Fellow, RISJ Prof. Katrin Voltmer, Professor with expertise and Arianna Huffington, Chair, primarily focused Harvard University, USA Journalism, University of of Communication and experience relevant President, and Editor-in-Chief, on commissioning Ian Hargreaves, Professor Dr James Painter, Director of Southern California, USA Democracy, University of Leeds to the work of the Marty Baron, Executive Editor, Huffington Post Media Group and approving RISJ of Digital Economy, Cardiff Fellowship Programme, RISJ Washington Post Vivian Schiller, Independent University Institute. Lord (Richard) Inglewood, Challenges publications Alan Rusbridger, Principal, Advisor, former Global Chair of Carlo de Benedetti, Chairman, former Chairman, CN Group and edited books along Dr David A. L. Levy, Director, RISJ Lady Margaret Hall News, Twitter Gruppo Editoriale L’Espresso with other research Ritu Kapur, Co-founder and CEO, S.p.A Mark Thompson, President and Quintillion Media projects. CEO, New York Times Company Campbell Brown, Head of News Sylvie Kauffmann, Editorial Partnerships, Facebook Baroness (Patience) Wheatcroft Director, Le Monde of Blackheath, former Editor-in- Madhav Chinnappa, Director of John Lloyd, Contributing Editor, Chief, Wall Street Journal Europe Strategic Relations for News and Staff David A. L. Levy: Director Chris Westcott: Academic Philippa Garson: Events and Financial Times, and Senior Publishers, Google Adviser to Journalist Fellows Fellowship Officer Research Fellow, RISJ Rasmus Kleis Nielsen: Director Bill Emmott, former Editor-in- of Research Richard Sambrook: Seminar Hannah Marsh: Marketing and Chief, The Economist Convenor and Academic Adviser Communications Officer (to Alexandra Borchardt: Director of to Journalist Fellows May 2017) Strategic Development Kate Hanneford-Smith: Institute Lana Fisher: Finance Officer James Painter: Director of Administrator the Journalism Fellowship Chair: Alan Rusbridger, Principal, Prof. Timothy Garton Ash, Dr Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, Louise Allcock: Administrative Steering Committee Programme Alex Reid: Publications Officer Lady Margaret Hall Professor of European Studies, St Director of Research, RISJ Assistant Antony’s College, Oxford Tim Suter: Academic Adviser to Rebecca Edwards: Digital News Richard Caplan, Professor of Dr James Painter, Director of The RISJ Steering Journalist Fellows Project Administrator Committee provides International Relations Dr David A. L. Levy, Director of Fellowship Programme, RISJ the RISJ strategic oversight to Mark Damazer, Master of St John Pullman, Global Head, the Institute’s activities Peter’s College Professor Denise Lievesley, Video and Pictures, Thomson CBE, Principal, Green Templeton Reuters and is made up of a Pip Elphick, Head of Alessio Cornia: Research Fellow Antonis Kalogeropoulos: Tom Nicholls: Research Fellow College Researchers number of experts in Administration and Finance, Monique Villa, CEO, Thomson Research Fellow Richard Fletcher: Research Annika Sehl: Research Fellow the field from around Dept of Politics and International Geert Linnebank, Trustee of the Reuters Foundation Fellow Caroline Lees: EJO Research Relations Thomson Reuters Foundation Benjamin Toff: Research Fellow Oxford and beyond. Officer and non-executive director at ITN Sarah Ganter: Research Fellow Prof. Louise Fawcett, Head of (to December 2016) Silvia Majo-Vasquez: Research Dept of Politics and International Prof. Margaret MacMillan, Fellow (from May 2017) Relations Warden, St Antony’s College Lucas Graves: Senior Research fellow (from July 2017) About Us About Us About

57 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 58 Partners, Benefactors, and Funders

The RISJ receives core funding from the Thomson Reuters Foundation, in addition to which we also receive grants, sponsorship, and donations and gifts in kind to support our research projects, events, publications, and the Journalism Fellowship Programme. We are most grateful for the generous support of all our benefactors in 2016/17. About Us About

59 Reuters Institute - Annual Report 2016-17 Phone: +44 (0)1865 611080

Web: Reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk Front Cover: A Turkish student cries Email: [email protected] during a protest to show solidarity with trapped citizens of Aleppo, Syria, in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina December 14, 2016. Twitter: @risj_oxford REUTERS/Dado Ruvic

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