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Download Download Medicinal uses of plants by traditional birth attendants to facilitate childbirth among Djimini women in Dabakala (Center-North of Côte d'Ivoire) Silvère Romuald Koman, Wokapeu Blaise Kpan, Konan Yao and Djakalia Ouattara Research Blighia sapida are the plants most used for their oxytocic effect in the department of Dabakala. Abstract Conclusion: These results constitute a database for Background: Today, due to the still high rates of subsequent studies aimed at assessing the maternal death and incessant caesareans, the high biological and chemical composition of these plants. cost of pharmaceutical drugs, parturients are turning to traditional midwives to facilitate childbirth. The Keywords: medicinal plants, traditional midwives, purpose of this study is to identify and document the childbirth, Côte d’Ivoire medicinal plants traditionally used for their oxytocic effect by the traditional midwives in the department Correspondence of Dabakala. 1 Methods: an ethnobotanical survey was conducted Silvère Romuald Koman , Wokapeu Blaise 1,2,3 2,3,4 1,2 with 71 traditional midwives from the department of Kpan , Konan Yao and Djakalia Ouattara DabaKala. The data were analyzed with Epidata and 1 SPSS 20.0 software. The Chi-square test was used Laboratory of Natural Environments and to compare the percentages of the parts used, the Biodiversity Conservation, Botanical Research and method of preparation and the method of Training Unit, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, administration. To better interpret the cultural 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22 2 medicinal value of plants, several quantitative National Floristic Center (CNF), Abidjan, 01 BP ethnobotanical indices have been used such as the 1303 Abidjan 03 (Côte d’Ivoire) 3 Consensus for the Part of the Plant (CPP), the Swiss Center for Scientific Research in Côte d’Ivoire Contribution of each plant in the constitution of (CSRS-CI), 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 03 (Côte d’Ivoire) 4 recipes (Cpr), the consensual value of types of use Aké-Assi Botanical Institute of AndoKoi, BP 582 (Cs) the Frequency of recipes (Fr) and Relative Abidjan 22 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire frequency of citation (FRC). * Corresponding Author: [email protected] Results: The results of this survey indicated that 48 species in 41 genera and 28 families are used by Ethnobotany Research & Applications midwives for their oxytocic effect. The most 21:23 (2021) represented family is the Fabaceae. Among the species cited, Portulaca oleracea, Alternanthera pungens, Ocimum americanum, Uvaria tortilis, Manuscript received: 20/07/2020 - Revised manuscript received: 05/04/2021 - Published: 09/04/2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.32859/era.21.23.1-12 2 Background Department of DabaKala (Ivory Coast). The general Childbirth is the set of physiological and mechanical objective is to contribute to improving knowledge of phenomena ensuring the expulsion of the fetus and plants used by traditional birth attendants to facilitate appendages from the genital tract (N’guessan et al., childbirth with a view to their valuation. Specifically, 2010). It is the most important act that occurs in a it involves identifying and documenting information woman's life. Unfortunately, around 287,000 women on medicinal plants as well as medicinal recipes die of pregnancy and childbirth worldwide each year used and offered by traditional birth attendants or (WHO, 2019). midwives to facilitate childbirth in the department of DabaKala, located in the Sudanese savannah area. Most of these deaths are in Africa where one in 21 women die during childbirth (N’guessan et al., Material and methods 2009). Study site Today because of the still high rates of maternal The study environment is the department of deaths and the incessant cesarean sections and the DabaKala in the Sudanese savannah zone, in the inaccessibility of pharmaceutical drugs due to their Center-North of Côte d'Ivoire (Figure 1). The town of high cost, traditional medicine appears to be the DabaKala is located between 08 ° 23 ’N latitude and most appropriate alternative to face these difficulties. 04 ° 26’ W longitude, with 258 m of altitude. The area Indeed, for rural communities in developing straddles the Baoulean climate (in the South) and the countries, the use of plant species as remedies for Sudanese climate (in the North), with a the treatment of all ailments or diseases, provides predominance of the Sudanese climate. The latter is them with an alternative for better health characterized by the dry and dusty wind of the establishment with fewer side effects. Also, in recent Harmattan. The study area covers a total area of years, it has occupied a prominent place in the 9,671 Km2 and has a density of 20 inhabitants per medical practices of pregnant women in Africa (Yoro km2. It is bounded to the north by the department of et al., 2017). The use of herbs during pregnancy is a FerKessédougou, to the east by the departments of common practice in Africa. In Côte d'Ivoire, despite Bouna and BondouKou and to the west by those of the medical prescriptions issued during modern Katiola and NiaKara (Ouattara, 2007). antenatal consultations, most pregnant women resort to traditional medicine to ensure the Data gathering development of the fetus and to facilitate childbirth Sampling (Djah & Danho, 2011). The present study was carried out from a series of ethnobotanical surveys using a pre-designed According to a report by the Ivorian Association for questionnaire (Zerbo et al., 2007; Tra Bi et al., 2008; Family Welfare, in rural areas, 70% of women give Fah et al., 2013). The Department of DabaKala is birth alone, at home or they are assisted by a family made up of more than 100 villages. The choice of member or a traditional birth attendant (matron) villages was made following a preliminary survey (AIBEF, 2014). In these Ivorian societies, these during an exploratory mission to the study area. traditional birth attendants administer medicinal Thus, the villages were selected on the one hand preparations often made from herbal drugs which are along transects going from the capital of the sometimes associated with animal organs and department and oriented in the four cardinal mineral substances (N’guessan et al., 2009). directions (North, South, East and West) along 4 Pourchez (2011) has also shown that they have long road axes. On the other hand, we carried out a non- played a leading role in the monitoring and protection probability sampling called oriented selection as a of fertility, childbirth and the early part of the life cycle sampling method. The villages were selected for this of newborns. purpose, based on their accessibility, the reputation of traditional birth attendants or traditional birth In Africa, several studies have indicated that attendants in order to obtain information fairly medicinal plants are used by rural populations to representative of the study area. Thus, by the facilitate childbirth (Binimbi-Massengo et al., 2007; combination of these two methods, we selected 60 Folliard, 2008; N’guessan et al., 2010). In Côte localities in the department of DabaKala (Figure 1). d'Ivoire, despite ethnobotanical surveys carried out on medicinal plants (Kamanzi, 2002; Djah & Malan, Traditional birth attendants met 2011; Béné et al., 2016), it should be noted that very A total of 71 traditional birth attendants were few studies concerning this aspect of health by interviewed. To achieve this, we followed local plants are available. The need to catalog this practices. Indeed, before the interview, a bottle of knowledge in order to safeguard it is therefore alcoholic drink or a sum of money in return for the necessary. It is within this frameworK that this service rendered was offered to our interlocutor. present worK was carried out on medicinal plants After the interview and before moving on to sample traditionally used to facilitate childbirth in the collection, a sum equivalent to the local price of a 3 blacK chicKen or often an alcoholic drink was also compulsory. The questions were asKed in the local offered. This gesture symbolizing the authorization language called Djimini. We benefited from the or the right to enter the forest or the savannah is services of guide-interpreters. Figure 1. Sub-prefectures sampled and visited in the department of Dabakala Data processing Where Px = number of times a given plant part has The data were recorded on an Excel spreadsheet, been cited; Pt = total number of citations from all then analyzed with Excel 2010, Epidata and SPSS parties. 20.0 software. The Chi-square test (equality of distributions) was used to compare the percentages Then, it was a question of calculating the Frequency of the parts used, the method of preparation and the of the receipts (Fr) and the contribution of each plant method of administration and allowed to checK in the constitution of the receipts (Cpr) (Byg & whether the differences are significant. To better Baslev, 2001; Monteiro et al., 2006; Dassou et al., interpret the medicinal cultural value of plants, 2014). Recipes with the highest Fr values are several parameters have been determined. First, we considered credible recipes. They are calculated by assessed the consensus for the plant part used the following formulae: (CPP). Indeed, the CPP is the measure of the degree of agreement between informants concerning the Cpr = Nr / Nt x 100 part of the plant used: Where Nr the number of recipes requesting the plant CPP = Px / Pt (Byg & Baslev, 2001; and Nt the total number of recipes and; Monteiro et al., 2006). Fr = NCr / N x 100 4 Where Ncr is the number of citations of a recipe treating a given disease and N the number of total Cs = 2ni / n-1 citations of all recipes treating the disease. Where ni is the number of people using a species in Finally, we finished by calculating the Relative a given use category and n is the total number of Citation Frequency (FRC) and the Consensual Value interviewees.
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