Gregg County Survey Plan Gregg County, Texas
August 2018
Prepared for Gregg County Historical Commission
Prepared by Terracon Beth Valenzuela
Hicks & Company Elizabeth Porterfield, MSHP
Cover Photo: Dean-Keener Crim House Hardy, Daniel. [Keener-Crim House]. Photograph. July 13, 1979. https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth679618/m1/1/?q=%22gregg%20county%22. Accessed August 14, 2018. University of North Texas Libraries. The Portal to Texas History (https://texashistory.unt.edu/). Crediting Texas Historical Commission. TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. PROJECT GOALS, BACKGROUND, AND SUMMARY ...... 1 A. Project Area ...... 1 B. Overview of Historic Resources Surveys ...... 2 II. CONDUCTING A HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY ...... 5 A. Developing a Scope of Work ...... 5 B. Establishing a Survey Methodology ...... 6 III. PLANNING FOR A HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY ...... 9 A. Current Status of Historic Preservation in Gregg County ...... 9 B. Geographical Distribution and Number of Historic-age Resources ...... 9 C. Historic Contexts and Anticipated Property Types ...... 10 D. Preservation Partners ...... 10 E. Determining Survey Priorities ...... 11 IV. SURVEY PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 15 A. Phase 1–3 Surveys (1–5 years) ...... 18 B. Phase 4 and 5 Surveys (5–10 years) ...... 19 C. Phase 6 Survey (10–20 years) ...... 24
TABLES
Table 1. Survey Priority Recommendations ...... 15 Table 2. Phase 4a—Thematic Survey Recommendations ...... 20 Table 3. Phase 4b—City-wide Survey Recommendations ...... 21 Table 4. Phase 5—Intensive-Level Survey Examples ...... 23
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A Glossary of Terms APPENDIX B Texas Historical Commission Manual and Survey Form Examples APPENDIX C Previously Surveyed Historic Resources Within Gregg County APPENDIX D Geographic Distribution of Historic-Age Resources APPENDIX E Gregg County Historic Context APPENDIX F Preservation Partners APPENDIX G Grant Opportunities
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 i TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 ii PROJECT GOALS, BACKGROUND, AND SUMMARY
I. PROJECT GOALS, BACKGROUND, AND SUMMARY The Gregg County Survey Plan will serve as a planning tool for the Gregg County Historical Commission (GCHC) as they work to identify, document, and preserve the historic and cultural resources of the county. The GCHC has undertaken the development of this survey plan to meet their obligations according to their bylaws, which define the objectives of the commission as follows: • Initiate and conduct such programs as may be suggested by the Gregg County Commissioners Court and the Texas Historical Commission (THC) for the preservation of the historical heritage of Gregg County; • Supervise a continuing survey of historical sites and structures eligible for marking and report the data collected to the Gregg County Commissioners Court and the THC; • Monitor the condition of existing Official Texas Historical Markers (OTHMs) placed within the county; • Involve the community in historical preservation and interact with other organizations involved in preserving the historical heritage of Gregg County; and • Fulfill its duties and responsibilities as described in the Texas Local Government Code, Chapter 318. As set forth in the Texas Local Government Code, Chapter 318, and the commission’s bylaws, the GCHC should develop and maintain an inventory of individual historic properties and historic districts and establish a system for the periodic review and assessment of the condition of the identified historic properties. A suggested timeline and methodology is provided to guide the GCHC as they plan for a multi-phase, multi-year systematic survey of Gregg County. The Gregg County Survey Plan includes an overview of survey efforts to date and provides an outline for future work. The plan identifies preservation partners and suggests potential funding sources for historic resources surveys. Priorities for survey work are presented and categorized according to the level of survey, project type, and location. Estimates for each phase are presented in FY 2019 costs. The survey plan also provides a guideline for the continued inventory, assessment, and update of the county’s historical properties to ensure the GCHC fulfills their obligations under their bylaws and the Texas Local Government Code, Chapter 318. A glossary of terms used in the survey plan is provided in Appendix A. A. Project Area Gregg County is located in northeastern Texas, approximately 130 miles east of Dallas and 65 miles west of Shreveport, Louisiana. The county is bounded on the north by Upshur County, to the south by Rusk County, with Smith County on the west, and Harrison County on the east. The gently sloping terrain within the Gregg County boundaries encompasses approximately 273 square miles. The Sabine River traverses from northwest to southeast through the county and has played a significant role throughout the county’s history. The earliest land grants in the county were issued in 1838, but only sparse settlement occurred until the late 1850s as statehood attracted farmers and planters from the U.S. Gregg County was established out of southern Upshur County on April 12, 1873, and Longview was selected as the county seat. A portion of northern Rusk County was added on April 30, 1874. Although initially Gregg County operated under an agricultural economy, after the discovery of oil in the county in 1931, Gregg County experienced a boom that would continue into the mid- to late-twentieth century.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 1 PROJECT GOALS, BACKGROUND, AND SUMMARY
B. Overview of Historic Resources Surveys Historic resources surveys allow a community to identify, document, and preserve significant historic districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects within its boundaries. The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) defines historic resource, or historic property, as: “any pre-historic or historic district, site, building, structure, or object included on, or eligible for inclusion on, the National Register [of Historic Places], including artifacts, records, and material remains relating to the district, site, building, structure, or object.1” Identification of historic resources allows for the recognition of the value of a community’s past, its special character, and its cultural legacy. Preservation of historic resources can represent not only the value the community places on its collective historic past, but also an investment in its future. Survey data can be integrated into preservation planning efforts by local governments to set policies, procedures, and strategies for maintaining and preserving historic resources. Resources that are surveyed and determined significant can be considered for designation at a local (Gregg County Local Landmark), state (Recorded Texas Historic Landmark [RTHL] or State Antiquities Landmark [SAL]), or national (National Register of Historic Places [NRHP]) level and should be considered in local planning. Surveyed resources are often initially categorized by preservation priority based on observed integrity and significance of known historical associations. High priority properties are those resources determined to be potentially NRHP-eligible, individually or as part of a potential historic district, based on the results of the research and survey efforts discussed herein. Medium priority properties are those that could be contributing to an NRHP-eligible district. Low priority properties are those resources that are determined not eligible for listing in the NRHP. Properties that clearly lack integrity, are altered or deteriorated beyond recognition, or lack overall significance are given a low priority rating. • High: Resources recommended as potentially eligible for individual listing in the NRHP or as a contributing resource to an NRHP-eligible historic district • Medium: Resources that have integrity but are not distinguished examples of a particular style or property type; not individually NRHP eligible but potentially contributing to a historic district; may include resources whose eligibility status is undetermined pending further research and documentation • Low: Resources that are of historic age but that lack significance and/or integrity; not individually NRHP eligible and not contributing to a potential historic district
Evaluation of surveyed resources follows the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) Criteria for Evaluation. The criteria state “the quality of significance in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association, and: • Criterion A: That are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; • Criterion B: That are associated with the lives of significant persons in our past;
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• Criterion C: That embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic value, or that represent a significant and distinguished entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or • Criterion D: That have yielded or may be likely to yield information important in history or prehistory.”2 In addition to significance, eligible properties must also retain integrity. Integrity is defined by the U.S. Department of the Interior as “the ability of a property to convey its significance.”3 To retain historic integrity, a property must possess at least several, if not all, of the seven aspects of integrity, which include: • “Location: the place where the historic property was constructed or the place where the historic event took place. This refers to whether a property has been moved or relocated since construction. A property is considered to have integrity of location if it was moved before or during its period of significance. • Design: the composition of elements that constitute the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a property. • Setting: the physical environment of a historic property that illustrates the character of the place. • Materials: the physical elements that were combined or deposited during a particular period of time and in a particular pattern or configuration to form a historic property. A property must retain the key exterior materials dating from the period of its historic significance. • Workmanship: the physical evidence of the crafts of a particular culture or people during any given period in history or prehistory. • Feeling: a property’s expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period of time. • Association: the direct link between an important historic event or person and a historic property.”4 Local preservation activities, from main street revitalization to tax credit and abatement programs, are based on the evaluations made during the survey process. Listing on the National Register of Historic Places allows historic properties to qualify for grants-in-aid and tax credit programs for certified rehabilitation projects. The continued preservation of historic resources through private and public investments ensures the historic and architectural character of a community are retained. The National Park Service summarizes the value of a historic resources survey in terms of the use of its data and inventories to: 1. Identify properties that contribute to the community’s character, or that of its neighborhoods, or that illustrate its historical and architectural development, and as a result deserve consideration in planning; 2. Identify properties or areas whose study may provide information about the community’s past, and contribute to scholarship, which should be preserved and subjected to scientific investigation;
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 3 PROJECT GOALS, BACKGROUND, AND SUMMARY
3. Establish priorities for conservation, restoration, and rehabilitation efforts within the community; 4. Provide the basis for using legal and financial tools to protect and enhance historic resources; 5. Provide planners with a database from which to monitor and channel new development; 6. Increase awareness in the public and private sectors of the manmade environment and the need for preservation efforts; and 7. Enable local governments and Federal agencies to meet their planning and review responsibilities under existing Federal legislation and procedures.5
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 4 CONDUCTING A HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY
II. CONDUCTING A HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY The goal of a historic resources survey is to employ a systematic process of fieldwork and research to identify and document historic-age resources within an identified geographical area, or study area. Depending on the survey project considerations, there are a range of survey levels that can accomplish this goal in an efficient and cost-effective manner, while still collecting the desired amount of information to meet the GCHC’s survey goals. A. Developing a Scope of Work There are many issues to be considered when planning a phased county-wide survey. The scope of work for each survey project should include a well-defined set of parameters to ensure the final product will meet the goals of the GCHC. While planning for an upcoming survey project, the GCHC should complete the following steps to ensure a successful project outcome. Refer to Sections III. and IV. for detailed information on each step outlined below. 1. Define focus of the survey. In conjunction with the determination of the appropriate level of survey, determining the appropriate area of focus, or purpose, will help shape desired outcomes from a historic resources survey. While historic resources surveys typically concentrate on the identification and documentation of all historic-age resources within a geographical area, surveys can also focus on recording properties that share common historic themes such as the Early Settlement of Gregg County or the Oil Boom of the 1930s. 2. Establish survey goals and priorities. The purpose of the survey should further the long-term goals of the GCHC. Prioritization of survey efforts should include a measure of community benefits and available funding. Invite public comment as appropriate for the size and scale of the survey to ensure the survey goals meet the priorities of the citizens of Gregg County. 3. Determine the appropriate level of survey. Background studies are desktop-level studies that can determine the potential for historic-age resources within a study area. Databases such as the THC Texas Historic Sites Atlas or the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Historic Districts and Properties of Texas can help identify previously designated historic properties. Comparison of the current built environment with historic aerials, topographic maps, and Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps can also help classify the cohesiveness of the historic built environment within the study area. Background studies are good, preliminary tools in the evaluation of the integrity and character of large areas and help identify areas of focus for more concentrated evaluation. Windshield surveys, as defined by the THC, are surveys of a study area that note generalities about the resources representing different architectural styles, periods, and methods of construction. Representative photographs are taken of good examples of resources within the study area, along with streetscape views, to capture the general feeling and setting of the survey area. The windshield survey includes a brief historic context statement and provides recommendations for future survey efforts. Reconnaissance-level surveys, as defined by the THC, include a basic inventory of every building, structure, site, and object in the study area. Photographs are taken of each resource within the study area; streetscape views are taken to illustrate the overall character of the study area. Recommendations for potential designations (National Register of Historic Places [NRHP]
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eligibility) are provided for each resource. A THC Historic Resources Survey Form (example provided in Appendix B) is completed for each resource identified as an NRHP-eligible historic property. Intensive-level surveys, as defined by the THC, include the elements collected within a reconnaissance-level survey, with the addition of detailed background research and thorough photographic and architectural documentation. Intensive-level surveys often occur for historic properties within a potential historic district, or for those with high levels of integrity. This is typically the final step in the identification and documentation of historic properties appropriate for historic designation. 4. Define the survey boundaries. A clear delineation of survey boundaries allows both the GCHC and the survey team to successfully meet the project goals. Boundaries should be easily identifiable and verifiable. If portions of the county or a city are to be surveyed, distinct boundaries tied to landforms or natural features, transportation corridors, or street names should be used. 5. Define professional qualifications and survey standards needed to complete the survey. Historians meeting the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards (36 CFR Part 61) should be used for all surveys involving NRHP-eligibility evaluations (reconnaissance, intensive). Even if the survey project does not receive funding from the THC, the THC survey standards and inventory forms should be utilized to ensure a consistent product over the course of the phased, county-wide survey project. 6. Define budget and funding for survey. A budget should be developed, based on recommendations provided within the survey plan, to ensure adequate funding is requested for each survey project. B. Establishing a Survey Methodology Survey work should be completed according to established professional practices and industry standards. Depending on the source of funding, adherence to THC and National Park Service (NPS) standards may also be required These agencies offer guidelines on conducting historic resources surveys through a series of publications: • Texas Historical Commission, Historic Resources Survey Form Manual http://www.thc.texas.gov/public/upload/preserve/survey/survey/THCHistoricResourcesSurvey Manual.pdf
• National Register Bulletin No. 15, “How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation.” https://www.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins/pdfs/nrb15.pdf
• National Register Bulletin No. 22, “Guidelines for Evaluating and Nominating Properties that Have Achieved Significance Within the Past Fifty Years.” https://www.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins/pdfs/nrb22.pdf
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• National Register Bulletin No. 24, “Technical Information on comprehensive planning, survey of cultural resources, and registration in the National Register of Historic Places (Guidelines for Local Surveys, A Basis for Preservation Planning).” https://www.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins/pdfs/nrb24.pdf
A historic resources survey typically involves the completion of the following steps, regardless of scale of survey.6 Refer to the Phase I Downtown Gladewater Historic Resources Survey Research Design and Report for examples of each step outlined below. • Background research
o Conduct research (primary and secondary sources) on expected historical themes, property types, and historic-age resources in the survey area
o Create a research design (include a historic context) • Field survey or physical search for, and recording of, historic resources on the ground
o Complete survey forms for resources within the survey area (examples provided in Appendix B)
o Prepare project area maps o Take photographs of surveyed resources • Organization and presentation of survey data—organize information gathered on the resources within the area investigated in a manner appropriate to the level of survey
o Provide a table of previously designated historic properties (overview and windshield survey)
o Create maps of concentrations of historic-age resources (windshield surveys) o Include THC Historic Resources Survey Forms (for High and Medium priority resources encountered during a reconnaissance-level survey) • Evaluation of historic properties—determine whether identified properties meet criteria of historical, architectural, archeological, or cultural significance
o Evaluate significance and physical integrity according to the National Register criteria o Ensure a balanced evaluation of all resources within the survey area, according to the relative significance at a local level
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Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 8 PLANNING FOR A HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY
III. PLANNING FOR A HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY This section will provide an overview of the current status of historic preservation in Gregg County and delineate considerations for determining survey priorities for the phased county-wide survey. A. Current Status of Historic Preservation in Gregg County The state statute creating CHCs was passed by the Texas Legislature in 1956 and the first commissioners were appointed to the GCHC by the Gregg County Commissioners Court in 1962. Members serve a term of two years. Since its founding, the GCHC has worked to identify, preserve, and document historic properties throughout the county. According to a search of the THC Historic Sites Atlas, a total of 82 OTHMs, 25 RTHLs, five Historic Texas Cemeteries (HTCs), four individually listed NRHP properties, and one NRHP-listed historic district are located in Gregg County. Refer to Appendix C for an inventory of previously surveyed resources within Gregg County (excluding the city of Longview). A review and update of this inventory should be completed by the GCHC Survey Committee on a regular basis for all historic properties designated through efforts of the GCHC and others. Previous cultural resources reports that identify known historic properties within Gregg County can help in the evaluation of the status of those properties (extant or demolished; historic vs. current integrity). The following survey reports have been identified within Gregg County: • Gregg County Historic Site Survey (Victor and Victor Consultants, Inc, 1986) • Historic Resource Survey Report Phase I: Downtown Core, Longview, Gregg County, Texas (Preservation Central, 2016) • Gregg County Survey Plan Phase I Downtown Gladewater Historic Resources Survey (Hicks & Company, 2018) B. Geographical Distribution and Number of Historic-age Resources The inventory of previously surveyed resources provided in Appendix C begins to outline cohesive groupings of historic-age resources within Gregg County (excluding the city of Longview). For both rural and urban areas of the county north of US 80, a total of 106 historic properties (potentially eligible for listing in the NRHP) have been identified and surveyed. The southwest corner of the county contains the largest number of previously surveyed resources—a total of 159 historic properties have been previously evaluated and considered potentially eligible for designation. The southeastern corner of Gregg County contains 44 historic properties, and represents the lowest concentration of historic-age resources. For future historic resources surveys, preliminary map research using data provided by the Gregg County Appraisal District can help to identify significant concentrations of historic-age resources. Analyzing the results of the map research will help in the identification and prioritization of future areas of survey and research. Survey areas should be selected based on concentration of historic-age resources and their association with relevant historic contexts. Focused survey areas can also be defined by neighborhoods or rural areas subject to threats or issues affecting the physical integrity of historic properties. Appendix D provides examples of online tools that can be used to identify concentrations of historic-age resources when planning a historic resources survey project.
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C. Historic Contexts and Anticipated Property Types A historic context for Gregg County was developed for the 2018 Gregg County Survey Plan Phase I Downtown Gladewater Historic Resources Survey, Gregg County, Texas (Appendix E). This historic context provides a broad overview of historic themes for the county. It is important to have a good understanding of relevant historic themes when conducting a historic resources survey so that identified resources can be placed and evaluated within their relevant historic context. The identification of property types representative of each historic theme helps in the evaluation of relative integrity for each resource. Evaluating resources within the framework of their historic context and known property types helps to see how they relate to other resources that reflect that same history. Current historic contexts that are available for use in defining survey priorities include: • Traditions of the Land: The History of Gregg County, Texas (Eugene W. McWhorter, 1989) • Historic context (“Historic and Architectural Resources in Longview, Texas: 1870–1970”) for Historic Resource Survey Report Phase I: Downtown Core, Longview, Gregg County, Texas (Preservation Central, 2016) • Historic context for Gregg County Survey Plan Phase I Downtown Gladewater Historic Resources Survey, Gregg County, Texas (Hicks & Company, 2018) It is recommended that an in-depth historic context and associated property types narrative be completed as one of the first phases of the county-wide historic resources survey. A historic context groups information about related historic properties based on a theme, geographic area, and period of time.7 Historic contexts are one of the most significant factors in determining the scope of a historic resources survey. Surveys may include multiple historic contexts and may identify many property types that represent those themes. Proper survey planning can help to anticipate locational distribution of property types and focus survey efforts. While the historic context may begin in broad terms at the initiation of a survey project, it can be refined as historic properties are identified and researched. It is critical that relevant historic themes are well researched and developed, otherwise survey efforts can fail to identify significant resources. D. Preservation Partners Many organizations within Gregg County may have similar or complementary goals to the county-wide survey. They may also benefit from the survey once it is completed. It is important to identify these organizations and include them in planning efforts for each new survey. Not only can these organizations be sources of information relevant to historic properties within the county, but engaging community stakeholders can garner support for the project, lead to future collaboration on preservation activities and, in the end, result in a comprehensive document that reflects input from many audiences across Gregg County. Five groups of organizations for consideration as preservation partners for future historic resources surveys are included in Appendix F. The GCHC has a Partners in Preservation Committee, which works with other organizations to promote the identification and preservation of Gregg County historical resources. They support causes and projects that improve historic preservation in the county and promote the educational events and programs of their partners. To date, the Committee has established relationships with the following organizations:
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• Gregg County Historical Foundation and Museum • Preservation Longview • East Texas Oil Museum • Kilgore Historic Presentation Foundation • Texas Museum of Broadcasting and Communications • Gladewater Museum • Rangerette Showcase Museum • Red Rock Historical Association • Longview Main Street/Downtown Development • City of Longview Historical Preservation Committee • Kilgore Main Street/Downtown Development • Gladewater Main Street/Downtown Development • Non Profit Access–Ideas for Building Better Communities (NPAccess) — Greg Muckleroy
E. Determining Survey Priorities Many factors can influence the decision-making process when considering areas for historic resources survey. The number of previously documented resources and the geographical distribution of historic- age resources help to form preliminary survey boundaries and areas of study. Developmental pressures, available funding, and local priorities should also be considered when deciding on areas for each survey project. It is recommended that survey priorities be subject to both internal discussions within the GCHC and public input to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each proposed survey priority. The following factors were considered when determining the survey areas recommended in Section IV., and should be evaluated when setting survey goals for subsequent thematic and city-wide surveys. 1. Previously documented resources. It is important to understand the extent of prior documentation available for survey areas before initiating a survey project. Projects shouldn’t overlap areas subject to recent surveys. Areas that contain significant concentrations of historic- age resources but have never been subject to a survey should be identified and prioritized for future work. Several tools exist to aid in researching the level of documentation available per geographic areas; some are available online at the links below. • THC’s Historic Sites Atlas, https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/ • TxDOT’s Historic Districts and Properties map, http://maps.dot.state.tx.us/ • TxDOT’s Listed and Eligible Bridges of Texas map, https://txdot.maps.arcgis.com/ • National Register of Historic Places map, https://www.nps.gov/ • National Bridge Inventory database, https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/nbi/ascii.cfm • 1986 Gregg County Historic Site Survey
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• 2009 Historical Markers of Gregg County • 2016 Historic Resource Survey Report Phase I: Downtown Core, Longview, Gregg County, Texas • 2016 Historic Resource Survey Plan, Longview, Gregg County, Texas • 2018 Gregg County Survey Plan Phase I Downtown Gladewater Historic Resources Survey, Gregg County, Texas 2. Current Funding and Availability of Survey Support. The Gregg County Commissioners Court sets the annual budget for the GCHC. As set forth in the Texas Local Government Code, Chapter 318, the Commissioners Court is authorized to make agreements with governmental agencies and private organizations, or may appropriate funds from the general fund for: • Erecting historical markers and monuments; • Purchasing objects and collections of objects that are historically significant to the county; • Preparing, publishing, and disseminating, by sale or otherwise, a history of the county; • Hiring professional staff and consultants; • Providing matching funds for grants; and • Funding other programs or activities as suggested by the THC and the Commissioners Court. The Historic Resource Survey (HRS) Committee of the GCHC oversees and initiates inventory and documentation efforts. The Committee is composed of both members and non-members of the GCHC. The Chair of the HRS must be a member of the GCHC and is appointed by the GCHC Chair at the beginning of each two-year term. In the 2017–2018 term, the HRS Committee was composed of four members of the GCHC and four non-members of the GCHC. As of FY 2018, the Gregg County Commissioners Court allocates $10,000 per year to fund historic resources surveys. The committee is governed by the GCHC Bylaws and the Strategic Plan (adopted 2010). The committee works to meet the following goals for the GCHC: • Develop and implement a plan to update the 1986 Gregg County Historic Site Survey to document historic sites, structures, architecture, etc. • Identify funding sources for the survey and present sources to the Administrative Committee • Provide information on activities to members and the Promotions Committee The City of Longview was first designated as a Certified Local Government (CLG) in 2014. The city is also designated as a THC Main Street community (1988–1994 and 2008–present). The CLG program has implemented the Façade Improvement Grant Program, a multi-phased wayfinding project, and a multi-phased city-wide historic resources survey. The THC has awarded the Longview CLG grant funds for the historic resources survey update project, while partnerships with other local organizations have helped fund additional preservation programs.
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As a CLG, the City of Longview can partner with the GCHC to apply for grants from the THC. Grants can be sponsored by CLGs by delegating a third-party organization (local government, commercial firm, non-profit entity, educational institution) to administer the grant project. Partnering with the City of Longview can further the GCHC’s survey goals for projects that would include resources within the city limits of Longview (i.e. historic context update and thematic surveys). Information on grant opportunities is provided in Appendix G. 3. Community Benefits from Survey and Designation. As noted in the THC Historic Resources Survey Manual (refer to Appendix B), there are many benefits to conducting historic resources surveys.8 Completing a local survey will assist the GCHC in future planning for the use of historic resources. It will promote the understanding and appreciation of the history of Gregg County. Identification, designation, and preservation of historic properties is critical to a successful heritage tourism program. Once designated, historic properties may be eligible for state and federal tax credit incentives, and local municipal governments are eligible to receive grant funding to continue their preservation initiatives. Completing a county-wide historic survey will offer the following beneficial outcomes for Gregg County: • Stimulate public awareness of the community’s historic resources • Essential if the community plans to pursue historical designations under local ordinances • Help local preservation advocates, land-use planners, economic development coordinators, and tourism promoters • Provide a basis for preservation and planning at all levels of government and for individual groups or citizens • Help identify historic resources in anticipation of projects that may involve building demolition and land disturbance • Document properties representing a style, period, construction type, or historic theme • Encourage participation by community members • Promote research and awareness of the community’s heritage 4. Threats. An evaluation of impending threats to historic-age buildings, historic neighborhoods, commercial districts, or large groupings of historic-age resources should be part of the prioritization of future survey efforts. The first step in the preservation of historic properties is identification. Threats can take many forms and often include developmental pressures, age and condition of older buildings, and changes in primary use (e.g. from residential to commercial). Threats can also include standard home renovation projects that do not consider the effects the removal of historic fabric will have on the integrity of the building. Infrastructure projects such as roadway widening or sidewalk installation can also impact character-defining features and historic viewsheds for historic properties. Priority for survey should be given to neighborhoods subject to zoning changes, redevelopment, and property neglect and abandonment.
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5. Integrity. Integrity encompasses the physical characteristics (location, design, materials, workmanship, setting, feeling, and association) that are necessary for a historic property to convey its significance. For a building or grouping of historic-age resources to be considered eligible for the NRHP, they must possess sufficient integrity. In planning future surveys, consideration should be given to those properties that may retain higher levels of integrity, to ensure they meet the standards required for listing. Areas with a large concentration of modern infill development may not qualify as a cohesive grouping of resources needed for historic district designation. However, a reconnaissance-survey of an area may indicate that, while not eligible as a potential historic district, significant buildings may instead qualify for individual NRHP listing. Therefore, buildings with the highest level of integrity within an area of rapid development may be preserved and the redevelopment of less cohesive sections of the neighborhood could continue.
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IV. SURVEY PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS This recommendation section identifies and prioritizes survey areas of Gregg County, according to the initial survey priorities of the GCHC, for the next 20 years. This is a preliminary list of survey areas that should be coordinated, confirmed, and/or modified through input by the GCHC and community stakeholders. The following table (Table 1) presents an initial assessment of each survey priority according to the considerations outlined in Section IV. Estimated costs are presented as a guide for future planning efforts; projects are generally divided into $10,000 increments based on the amount of funding allocated in 2017–2018 to the GCHC budget for the survey. The GCHC budget is dependent on the Gregg County Commissioners Court’s annual vote. Additional funding each year to augment county funds is anticipated from other sources.
The Phase 2 priority recommendation identified in the table below is for an updated county-wide historic context that will provide a foundation for future Gregg County survey initiatives. At the discretion of the GCHC and community stakeholders, if it is determined that other phases of survey should be conducted prior to the county-wide historic context, it is strongly recommended that more robust individual historic contexts be incorporated as part of every survey project undertaken to fully evaluate the significance of historic resources within those areas.
Table 1. Survey Priority Recommendations
Survey Estimated No. of Estimated Level of Survey Survey Boundaries* Survey Area Priority Properties Cost
Case Study Downtown Phase 1 (reconnaissance- Downtown Gladewater 300 $10,000+ Gladewater level survey)
2a. Colonial Texas and Republic Periods (c. 1716–1845) and Early Settlement (1846–1870) 2b. Gregg County and $10,000 each the Railroad Era (1871– survey Updated Historic 1910) and Early Phase 2 N/A Countywide ($40,000 total Context Twentieth Century (1910–1929) for all Phase 2 areas) 2c. Oil—the Boom Years (1930–1945) 2d. Post-WWII and the Late Twentieth Century (1946–1968)
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Table 1. Survey Priority Recommendations
Survey Estimated No. of Estimated Level of Survey Survey Boundaries* Survey Area Priority Properties Cost
Generally north of US 80; includes the cities of To be Judson, Shiloh, East 65 square determined at $15,000 Mountain, Warren City, miles time of survey White Oak, Gladewater, Phase 3 and Clarksville City and Overview and Windshield Generally south of US 80 Phase 6 To be Surveys and west of SH 42; 80 square (maintenance/ determined at $15,000 includes the cities of miles update time of survey surveys) Liberty City and Kilgore
Generally south of US 80 To be and east of SH 42; 80 square determined at $12,500 includes the cities of miles time of survey Lakeport and Easton
Small—up to 75 $10,000 resources
Gregg County: to be Thematic Medium—up to Phase 4a determined at time of Varies $40,000 Surveys 500 resources survey
Large—up to $65,000 1,000 resources
Small—up to 100 $10,000 City limits: resources Clarksville City East Mountain Easton Medium—up to Gladewater $40,000 City-wide Survey 500 resources Phase 4b (reconnaissance- Kilgore Varies level surveys) Lakeport Liberty City Shiloh Warren City Large—up to $65,000 White Oak 1,000 resources
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 16 SURVEY PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS
Table 1. Survey Priority Recommendations
Survey Estimated No. of Estimated Level of Survey Survey Boundaries* Survey Area Priority Properties Cost
Individual $7,500 property
Small historic district—up to 20 $12,500 Intensive-level resources Phase 5 Varies Varies Documentation Medium historic district—up to 50 $25,000 resources Large historic district—up to $50,000 100 resources * includes only portions of cities within Gregg County; excludes the city of Longview + the total budget for the Phase I project was $17,000; approximately $10,000 was allocated to the Phase I Historic Resources Survey and approximately $7,000 to the Gregg County Survey Plan (a separate, stand-alone document)
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 17 SURVEY PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS
A. Phase 1–3 Surveys (1–5 years) Phase 1–3 surveys could include survey areas that have been rated the highest priority because of imminent threat of demolition or destruction, availability of funding and preservation partnerships, community benefit and anticipated levels of cohesiveness, and integrity of resources. It is anticipated that multiple surveys of varying scope could occur in one year, based on funding sources and survey responsibilities (professional consultants). 1. Phase 1—Downtown Gladewater Historic Resources Survey. A case study for historic resources surveys in Gregg County was conducted during the summer of 2018. Architectural historians from Hicks & Company and Terracon worked with community volunteers to survey over 200 resources within the downtown area of Gladewater. This case study survey gave members of the GCHC firsthand experience in conducting a historic resources survey. It also provided a framework for planning future surveys. 2. Phase 2—Updated Historic Context. It is recommended that the next step for the GCHC will be the development of an updated historic context to provide additional research of historical themes presented in the Traditions of the Land: The History of Gregg County, Texas and to explore more recent themes that have reached historic age in the thirty years since the book was authored. Although the preparation of the historic context under one contract would be ideal, considering available funding, the context can be prepared in stages as part of the overview and windshield survey projects, as outlined in Table 1. 3. Phase 3—Overview and Windshield Surveys. The third phase of the survey plan includes the completion of an overview and windshield surveys for Gregg County over the course of three separate survey projects. This timeline takes into consideration existing funding sources and survey responsibilities but could be expedited if additional funding sources are available in the future. Figure 1 illustrates the proposed survey boundaries for the three survey projects. It is recommended the surveys follow the boundaries of the natural dividing line of US 80 and SH 42. Whole-city surveys are recommended if the city boundaries cross US 80 or SH 42 (e.g. Gladewater, White Oak, Clarksville City, and Kilgore). The boundaries for the three survey areas take into consideration areas of known historic-age resources, concentration of resources (e.g. rural vs. urban), and travel time between resources. Review of previous survey documentation indicates that historic-age resources are primarily concentrated in the north and southwest survey areas. However, findings of the historic context and overview studies may reveal additional areas of interest with cohesive groupings of historic- age resources.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 18 SURVEY PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS
Figure 1. Survey sections based on geography and concentrations of historic-age resources.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 19 SURVEY PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS
B. Phase 4 and 5 Surveys (5–10 years) Phase 4 surveys will include the completion of thematic surveys and city-wide surveys throughout Gregg County. Prioritization of survey areas should proceed according to the considerations outlined in Section III. Prioritization will be informed by the results of the historic context, background studies, and windshield surveys completed under Phases 1–3. The surveys can be done in any order after evaluation of the priority considerations presented in Section III., including available funding and community interest. The following thematic survey recommendations (Table 2) are presented as a guide for future work but may be modified after the Phase 1–3 surveys have been completed. Costs per resource (provided in Table 1) differ between thematic surveys and city-wide surveys due to the anticipated travel distance between resources. City-wide surveys will focus on historic-age resources within a concentrated area; thematic surveys could include resources from different locations across Gregg County.
Table 2. Phase 4a—Thematic Survey Recommendations
Estimated Period Thematic Survey Topics Survey Size of Significance
Native-American settlements and occupation of land within present-day Pre-history to Small Gregg County 1839
Early settlement of Gregg County c. 1830–1845 Small
Agriculture and the Sabine River 1846–1930 Small
Lumber industry of Gregg County 1860–1910 Small
African-American communities and historic sites of Gregg County c. 1870–1975 Medium
Gregg County and the railroad 1871–1910 Medium
Centers of education in Gregg County 1893–1975 Small
Transportation and auto-tourism in Gregg County 1917–1975 Small
Oil boom in Gregg County 1930–1945 Large
New Deal projects in Gregg County 1933–c. 1945 Small
Mid-century Modern resources of Gregg County 1946–1975 Medium
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 20 SURVEY PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS
The following city-wide survey recommendations (Table 3) are presented as a guide for future work, but may be modified after the Phase 1–3 surveys have been completed. The cities presented are those that are either incorporated or represent established communities noted as priorities by the GCHC (Figure 2).
Table 3. Phase 4b—City-wide Survey Recommendations
Estimated Period City Name Short Description Survey Size of Significance
First settled as Gilead (1845) and Point Pleasant Clarksville City (1852); established as Clarksville City on 1845–1975 Small September 14, 1956
East Mountain Established in the 1870s c. 1870–1975 Small
First settled as Walling's Ferry and then Camden; Easton c. 1880–1975 Small established as Easton by 1880s
Gladewater Founded in 1873 1873–1975 Medium
Kilgore Founded in 1872 1872–1975 Large
Established after WWII and incorporated in the Lakeport 1946–1975 Small early 1970s
Established before the Civil War, also known as Mount Mariah, McCary's Chapel, and Goforth; Liberty City c. 1850–1975 Medium also Hog Eye (1902–1903); name changed to Liberty City in the 1930s
Established after the Civil War by former slaves of Gideon Christian; Christian family conveyed Shiloh land titles to a number of emancipated slaves; c. 1865–1975 Small Shiloh Baptist Church, founded in 1871, served as center of the community
Warren City Founded and incorporated in 1952 1952–1975 Small
Founded in 1887 around a school; grew rapidly White Oak during oil boom of the 1930s; incorporated in 1887–1975 Medium 1960
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 21 SURVEY PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS
Figure 2. Phase 4b—City-wide Survey Locations
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 22 SURVEY PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS
Phase 5 will take priorities set during previous surveys to designate significant historic properties in Gregg County. A comprehensive list of recommended intensive-level surveys should be a deliverable of the county-wide windshield surveys completed in Phase 3 and the thematic and city-wide reconnaissance-level surveys completed in Phases 4a and 4b. The following intensive-level survey examples (Table 4) are presented to provide an idea of the property types and survey size for intensive- level documentation projects. Documentation projects could take the form of NRHP nominations, OTHMs, or RTHL designations.
Table 4. Phase 5—Intensive-Level Survey Examples
Estimated Intensive-Level Short Description Period of Survey Size Survey Examples Significance
Significant for steamboat traffic on the Sabine Walling’s Small historic River; included saw mill, post office, church, and ca. 1830–1870s Ferry/Camden district buildings by 1850s; declined after Civil War
Dr. C.C. Crews Determined NRHP-eligible by TxDOT under NRHP Individual 1838 Property Criteria property
Rock Springs One of the earliest extant resources in Gregg Individual 1849 Schoolhouse County property
Reverend John Baptist established Shiloh Baptist Church in 1871; services began in log sanctuary; Small historic Shiloh Historic District school for African Americans operated there 1871 district until the 1890s; cemetery contains graves dating to 1882 and is still active
Original one-story east wing of house Dean-Keener-Crim constructed by S.G. Dean about 1876; two-story Individual 1876–1902 House, Kilgore wing built in 1881 by L.J. Keener; Wiley N. Crim property added porches and enclosed the well c. 1902
Downtown Historic Represents the historic business district of Medium 1900–1960 District, Gladewater downtown Gladewater historic district
Drilling in East Texas oilfield expanded to include Sabine River Off-Shore the Sabine River bed (owned by the State of Individual 1932 Wells Texas) in 1932; derricks remaining are last property example of 200 wells drilled
Erected by Kilgore Baseball Club on land deeded to the city of Kilgore by S.S. Laird; excellent example of small stadium engineering, Individual Driller Park, Kilgore 1947–1950 constructed of oil field pipe, tank steel, and property concrete with an infield underground drainage system
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 23 SURVEY PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS
Table 4. Phase 5—Intensive-Level Survey Examples
Estimated Intensive-Level Short Description Period of Survey Size Survey Examples Significance
T.W. Lee Apartments Mid-century modern apartment building; Individual 800 E. Broadway association with former KSIJ Radio Station and c. 1950 property Avenue, Gladewater Recording Studio
C. Phase 6 Survey (10–20 years) Phase 6 for the Gregg County Survey Plan is to conduct maintenance update surveys at ten-year intervals so that Gregg County completes a timely inventory of historic-age resources within its boundaries. This will ensure that the GCHC maintains an up-to-date inventory of significant sites under its purview that are worthy of preservation. The maintenance surveys will provide a review and update of the findings of the Phase 3 county-wide surveys, incorporating resources, historic themes, and anticipated property types that have reached the historic-age threshold for NRHP eligibility since the last survey plan was adopted. New historic themes and property types may also include those not initially identified in the FY 2018 survey plan. As part of the survey update, a reassessment and windshield survey of previously identified High and Medium preservation priority historic properties within the Phase 3 Gregg County survey boundaries should be conducted at regular intervals (ideally every 1–5 years). The findings of the survey update should be included in the annual report of the GCHC to the THC.
1 U.S. Congress. National Historic Preservation Act, 54 U.S.C. § 300308, 1966, as amended. 2 National Park Service. U.S. Department of the Interior. National Register Bulletin. “How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation.” https://www.nps.gov/NR/PUBLICATIONS/bulletins/nrb15/nrb15_2.htm, accessed November 2015. 3 National Park Service. How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation. 4 National Park Service. How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation. 5 National Park Service. National Register Bulletin No. 24: “Technical information on comprehensive planning, survey of cultural resources, and registration in the National Register of Historic Places,” p. 8. 6 National Register Bulletin No. 24, p. 1. 7 Ibid, p. 6. 8 Texas Historical Commission, Guidelines for Completing the Texas Historic Resources Survey Form, p. 4.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 24 APPENDIX A
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
APPENDIX A – GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Appendix A – Glossary of Terms
Antiquities Code of Texas The Antiquities Code (Texas Natural Resource Code, Title 9, Chapter 191) (ACT) and accompanying Rules of Practice and Procedure (Texas Administrative Code, Title 13, Chapter 26), was enacted in 1969 to protect archeological sites and historic buildings on public land. The Code requires state agencies and political subdivisions of the state—including cities, counties, river authorities, municipal utility districts, and school districts—to notify the Texas Historical Commission (THC) of ground-disturbing activity on public land and work affecting state-owned historic buildings.
Archival research The study and organization of information on the history, prehistory, and historic resources of the community.
Centennial markers Markers placed in nearly every Texas county in 1936 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Texas’s independence from Mexico. The State of Texas placed about 1,100 exposition buildings, memorial museums, statues, and granite and bronze markers and monuments around the state. The THC, created in 1953, monitors the 1936 Centennial markers and coordinates their repair or relocation when necessary.
Certified Local The certification or approval of local historic preservation programs by Government (CLG) the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO)—Texas Historical Commission (THC) in Texas—and the Secretary of the Interior. Certification of a program operated by a local government makes the program eligible for grants-in-aid from the Historic Preservation Fund administered by the Secretary, passed through the SHPO. Certification also makes it possible for a local program to exercise greater autonomy in the nomination of properties to the National Register and in other aspects of the national historic preservation program. Regulations covering the certification of local government programs can be found in 36 CFR Part 61.
Contributing resource A building, site, structure, or object that adds to the historic architectural qualities, historic associations, or archeological values for which a property is significant because a) it was present during the period of significance, and possesses historic integrity reflecting its character at that time or is capable of yielding important information about the period, or b) it independently meets the National Register criteria.
County Historical CHCs assist county commissioners courts and the THC in the preservation Commission (CHC) of our historic and cultural resources. The responsibilities of a CHC are set forth in the Texas Local Government Code, Chapter 318.
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APPENDIX A – GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Evaluation The process of determining whether identified properties meet defined criteria of historical, architectural, archeological, or cultural significance. In other words, evaluation involves winnowing the survey data to produce an inventory.
Field maps Maps to use as guides during the onsite orientation and to use as worksheets during the field survey. A master map can be prepared for these purposes by annotating an existing small-scale map of the community or county. In cases where areas or properties to be surveyed have already been determined, these should be delineated on the map. Sites discovered through historical research that should be investigated during the field survey may be pinpointed on the map.
Field survey The physical search for and recording of historic resources on the ground.
Historic context Organizational framework that groups information about related historic properties based on a theme, geographical area, and period of time.
Historic resource or Any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object historic property included in, or eligible for inclusion, in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP); such term includes artifacts, records, and remains which are related to such a district, site, building, structure, or object.
Historic resources survey A process of identifying and gathering data on a community's historic resources.
Historic Texas Cemetery A designation given by the THC to recognize the historical significance of (HTC) a cemetery. HTC markers, together with the use of interpretive plaques, provide background on associated communities, families, events, and customs. HTC markers must be placed at the cemetery, but since cemeteries are protected under other existing laws, they convey no restrictions on the property.
Inventory One of the basic products of a survey. An inventory is an organized compilation of information on those properties that are evaluated as significant.
National Historic Nationally significant historic places designated by the Secretary of the Landmark (NHL) Interior because they possess exceptional value or quality in illustrating or interpreting the heritage of the United States at a national level.
National Historic Requires that federal agencies take into account the effects of their Preservation Act (NHPA) undertakings on historic properties. In addition to direct actions of the of 1966, as amended federal government, federal undertakings are projects involving a permit or license, funding, or other assistance or approval from a federal agency. Section 106 of the NHPA and its implementing regulations at 36 CFR Part 800 lay out review procedures that ensure historic properties are considered in federal planning processes.
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APPENDIX A – GLOSSARY OF TERMS
National Park Service Federal agency under the U.S. Department of the Interior that administers (NPS) the programs outlined in the NHPA and provides oversight for the stipulations of Sections 106 and 110 of the NHPA.
National Register of A federal program administered in our state by the THC in coordination Historic Places with the National Park Service. Listing in the National Register provides national recognition of a property's historical or architectural significance and denotes that it is worthy of preservation. Buildings, sites, objects, structures, and districts are eligible for this designation if they are at least 50 years old (with rare exceptions) and meet established criteria.
Noncontributing resource A building, site, structure, or object does not add to the historic architectural qualities, historic associations, or archeological values for which a property is significant because a) it was not present during the period of significance, b) due to alterations, disturbances, additions, or other changes, it no longer possesses historic integrity reflecting its character at that time or is incapable of yielding important information about the period, or c) it does not independently meet the National Register criteria.
Official Texas Historical Markers that convey stories of local, regional, state, and national history. Marker (OTHM) OTHMs are provided for historic properties designated as Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks (RTHLs) to recognize their architectural and historical significance. OTHMs are also given to Historic Texas Cemeteries (HTCs). The final category of OTHMs are subject markers, which interpret a wide variety of topics throughout Texas. Staff members work with property owners, CHCs, and other preservation organizations to place historical markers all across the state.
Preservation plan A plan adopted by the community and its planning agency that helps identify the historic, cultural, aesthetic, and visual relationships that unify and define its component areas, and to establish policies, procedures, and strategies for maintaining and enhancing them.
Primary, or original, Actual material that has been preserved from the period of interest: sources written or published documents and graphic material, as well as the artifacts themselves. For an in-depth survey, original sources will usually provide a more complete and accurate picture of the community's history than will secondary sources.
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APPENDIX A – GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Recorded Texas Historic Properties judged to be historically and architecturally significant. The Landmark (RTHL) THC awards RTHL designation to buildings at least 50 years old that are judged worthy of preservation for their architectural and historical associations. RTHL is a legal designation and comes with a measure of protection. Purchase and display of a historical marker is a required component of the RTHL designation process. Owners of RTHL-designated structures must give the THC 60 days notice before any alterations are made to the exterior of the structure. Unsympathetic changes to these properties may result in removal of the designation and historical marker. To nominate a property, the owner’s consent is required.
Secondary sources Those written by individuals who have studied and interpreted the available original sources. They generally provide a broad overview of the community's history but represent a later interpretation rather than a contemporary record of events or reflection of the spirit of the times.
State Archeological Designated by the THC and receive legal protection under the Antiquities Landmark (SAL) Code of Texas (the Code). The Code defines all cultural resources on non- federal public lands in the State of Texas as eligible to be designated as SALs. Historic buildings and other above-ground historic resources must be listed in the National Register of Historic Places before they can be designated as SALs, but archeological sites do not have the same prerequisite.
State Historic Appointed by the governors of the States, the chief executives of the Preservation Officer territories, and the Mayor of the District of Columbia, carry out the (SHPO) historic preservation programs of their jurisdictions. In Texas, the SHPO is the executive director of the THC.
Subject marker A type of OTHM that is solely educational and reveal aspects of local history that are important to a community or region. These markers honor topics such as church congregations, schools, communities, businesses, events, and individuals. A subject marker is placed at a site that has a historical association with the topic, but no restriction is placed on the use of the property or site. No legal designation is required for a subject marker.
Survey data The raw data produced by the survey; that is, all the information gathered on each property and area investigated.
Survey forms Forms used to document historic properties to ensure consistency of data collected. The kinds of forms used depend on the intensity of the survey, the kinds of properties to be recorded, the degree of expertise of those conducting the survey, and other factors unique to each survey.
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APPENDIX A – GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Texas Department of State agency responsible for the transportation system within the state of Transportation (TxDOT) Texas. The Environmental Affairs Division (ENV) of TxDOT integrates environmental considerations into TxDOT activities to achieve environmental compliance. ENV provides policy, procedures, training, guidance, and technical assistance to other sections of TxDOT. It also manages environmental programs, works to streamline the environmental process, and monitors changing laws and regulations.
Texas Historical The Texas SHPO serves as the executive director of the THC—the state Commission (THC) agency for historic preservation. The agency was established in 1953 as the Texas State Historical Survey Committee with the task to identify important historic sites across the state. The Texas Legislature changed the agency's name to the Texas Historical Commission in 1973.
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APPENDIX A – GLOSSARY OF TERMS
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Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 A-6 APPENDIX B
THC SURVEY MANUAL AND SURVEY FORM EXAMPLES
APPENDIX B – THC SURVEY MANUAL AND SURVEY FORM EXAMPLES
Appendix B – Texas Historical Commission Survey Manual and Survey Form Examples
The Texas Historical Commission (THC) created a Historic Resources Survey Packet that is available at no cost to anyone interested in conducting a historic resources survey. The packet includes all of the presentations and documents listed on the Useful Survey Tools webpage of the THC’s website, in addition to the THC-designed Access database survey template. The packet is available on CD and will be mailed upon request. To request a CD, please contact [email protected].
The THC Survey Manual is included in Appendix B as a reference for the Gregg County Historical Commission (GCHC). An example of the THC-designed Access database survey form is also provided for the Gladewater Icehouse, 434 N. Main Street in Gladewater. The survey form was completed for Phase I of the Gregg County Survey Plan.
Also provided in Appendix B are a reconnaissance-level survey form, a blank THC survey form, and a THC photograph log example.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 B-1
APPENDIX B – THC SURVEY MANUAL AND SURVEY FORM EXAMPLES
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Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 B-2
TEXAS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Historic Resources Survey Form Manual
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ...... 1
HEADER/IDENTIFYING INFORMATION ...... 3 PROJECT INFORMATION ...... 3 SECTION 1: BASIC INVENTORY ...... 4 OWNER INFORMATION ...... 4 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION ...... 4 PROPERTY TYPE ...... 6 CURRENT DESIGNATIONS ...... 6 ARCHITECT/BUILDER ...... 7 CONSTRUCTION DATE ...... 7 FUNCTION ...... 7 IMAGE INFORMATION ...... 8 SECTION 2: ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION ...... 10 GENERAL ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION ...... 10 STYLISTIC INFLUENCE ...... 10 STRUCTURAL DETAILS ...... 10 ANCILLARY BUILDINGS ...... 14 LANDSCAPE/SITE FEATURES ...... 14 SECTION 3: HISTORICAL INFORMATION ...... 16 ASSOCIATED HISTORICAL CONTEXT ...... 16 APPLICABLE NATIONAL REGISTER (NR) CRITERIA ...... 16 AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE ...... 17 PERIOD OF SIGNIFICANCE ...... 17 LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE ...... 17 INTEGRITY ...... 17 INDIVIDUALLY ELIGIBLE ...... 18 WITHIN POTENTIAL NR DISTRICT ...... 18 PRIORITY ...... 18 OTHER INFORMATION ...... 19
THC ACCESS DATABASE ...... 20 ENTERING SURVEY INFORMATION INTO THE ACCESS DATABASE...... 20 STARTING A NEW FORM...... 21 RETURNING TO PREVIOUSLY FILLED-OUT FORM ...... 22 PHOTOGRAPHS IN THE ACCESS DATABASE ...... 22 PHOTO LABELING PROTOCOL ...... 23 CREATING THUMBNAIL IMAGES FOR SURVEY INVENTORY REPORT ...... 24 LINKING PHOTOS INTO THE ACCESS DATABASE ...... 25 PREPARING SURVEY PACKET TO SEND TO THE THC ...... 26 CONCLUSION ...... 29 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 30 ATTACHMENT ...... 31 TEXAS COUNTY ABBREVIATIONS ...... 31
Texas Historical Commission Historic Resources Survey Manual iii
INTRODUCTION
The Texas Historical Commission appreciates your efforts in conducting a historic resources survey. Architectural surveys identify significant properties in neighborhoods, communities and entire counties. Published inventories of such sites can be indispensable in raising a community’s awareness of its cultural heritage and in its planning efforts. The information and photographs generated by a survey create an irreplaceable record of the present state of that heritage.
A historic resources survey is a systematic method of documenting historic resources through fieldwork and research. Each historic resource is documented with photographs, maps, and a written description on a form. The purpose of completing a local survey is to gather information needed to plan for the wise use of a community’s resources.
Historic resources surveys can have many beneficial outcomes such as: Stimulates public awareness of a community’s historic resources Essential if a community plans to pursue historical designations under local ordinances Helps local preservation advocates, land-use planners, economic development coordinators, and tourism promoters Provides a basis for preservation and planning at all levels of government and for individual groups or citizens Helps identify historic resources in anticipation of projects that may involve building demolition and land disturbance Documents properties representing a style, period, construction type or historic theme Encouraged participation by community members Promotes research and awareness of the community’s heritage
The manual provided here is intended to assist with accurately filling out a Texas Historical Commission’s (THC) Historic Resources Survey Form. The last section explains how to use the THC’s Historic Resources Survey Form in a Microsoft Access database format. It may be helpful to print out the manual in order to complete the Historic Resources Survey Form electronically. Having the forms in an electronic format is beneficial for the THC as the information can be directly uploaded in the THC’s Texas Historic Sites Atlas (http://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/), can be exported as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and can be accessible for updating by communities and organizations in the future.
If the THC sent a THC Survey Packet (either on a CD/DVD or electronically), it will contain these items:
Texas Historical Commission Historic Resources Survey Manual 1
***Save the entire THC Survey Packet onto the computer where the survey project information will be stored.*** This will ensure that the Access database will work with the Images folder. More on this later in the manual.
The THC survey form is useful for preliminary research gathering as well as using during the survey fieldwork phase. The information noted on the survey forms can be entered later into the Access database.
The THC prefers that the survey data is entered into the provided Access database as the information can later be utilized in a variety of ways. The computer for the survey project should have at least Microsoft Access 2007, 2010, or 2013.
Texas Historical Commission Historic Resources Survey Manual 2
HEADER/IDENTIFYING INFORMATION
This section is used to record a property’s basic identifying information. The first part of this section (through “Current Designations”) can be completed before going into the field if the information is known.
Project Information Project #: Obtain a project specific identification number from the Texas Historical Commission’s Historic Resources Survey Coordinator (512.463.3386).
County: Enter the name of the county in which the property is currently located.
Address: Enter the property’s legal address. All addresses should be taken from the same source (i.e., tax records) and recorded in a consistent format. When abbreviating direction (e.g., N, SW) or street suffix (e.g., St., Ave.), use official postal service abbreviations, which are available from the post office or at www.usps.com.
Local ID: This is to be used by the local community for its own purposes. This could be the county/city tax identification number, survey specific number, etc. This can be left blank if unknown or not needed for the project.
City: Enter the name of the city in which the property is currently located. If the property is outside of any established city boundaries, enter the name of the nearest city, followed by the abbreviation for vicinity: “vic.” (i.e., Austin vic.)
Texas Historical Commission Historic Resources Survey Manual 3
SECTION 1: BASIC INVENTORY
Current Name: Enter the name by which the property is currently known. If no name is known, leave blank.
Historic Name: Enter the name(s) by which the property was known historically (can be the same as the current name). This is usually the building’s name at the time of original construction, but there are exceptions:
If the original owner or business is unknown or occupied the building for only a short time, and/or a subsequent owner/business established a significant or longstanding association with the property, use the name of the latter.
If the building is significant primarily for its association with a specific historical figure, business, or event, the Historic Name should reflect that.
If the building has, or had, no formal or commonly accepted name, consider these options:
For Commercial Buildings:
Name of the business housed in the property (if the sole occupant) Property owner’s last name, followed by the word “Building” Property’s Address (street name and number only) Leave blank
For Residential Buildings:
Property owner’s last name, followed by the word “House” Property’s Address (street name and number only) Leave blank
For properties known by multiple names, either currently or historically, record all names, separated by semi-colons.
Owner Information: Enter the name of the property owner and his/her mailing address, if known. The local county tax appraisal district website can usually provide a list of property owners. If unknown, enter “Unknown.”
Geographic Location: This section is used to record more accurate information about the property’s location, primarily for mapping purposes.
Latitude and Longitude Coordinates: The National Park Service (NPS) prefers locational information recorded using latitude and longitude coordinates, which allows for an accurate spatial database of designated properties nationwide utilizing GIS software.
Latitude: Latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north-south position of a point on the Earth’s surface. Use as a six decimal place number by selecting “Decimal Degrees” under Tools/Options.
Longitude: Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth’s surface. Use as a six decimal place number by selecting “Decimal Degrees” under Tools/Options.
Texas Historical Commission Historic Resources Survey Manual 4
These coordinates can be obtained by using free online resources such as Google Earth. To obtain the coordinates, place the computer mouse or yellow pushpin over the center of the main façade; the coordinates should show up at the bottom of the screen or in the pop-up box.
For additional instructions, refer to the NPS’s publication “GIS Map Guidance” or contact THC staff.
Legal Description: A legal description is often the simplest, and most accessible, means of accurately recording a property’s location. Although some rural properties have lengthy and confusing legal descriptions (making them less useful for survey recording), most properties’ locations can be indicated by the combination of a lot number, block number, and the name of the platted addition or subdivision. This information is often easily obtained from the local county appraisal district, many of which are available online.
Lot/Block: Enter the lot and block numbers. Although the lot number(s) is typically listed first, use the words “Lot” and “Block” to clarify which is being referenced (i.e., Lots 1-3, Block 6).
Addition/Subdivision: If known, enter the name of the addition or subdivision in which the property is located. The addition/subdivision name is often included in the tax appraiser’s legal description or on the original plat map on file with the county clerk.
Texas Historical Commission Historic Resources Survey Manual 5
Year of addition: If known, enter the year that the addition or subdivision was platted. The date may not be recorded with the tax appraiser, but it can be found on the original plat in the county clerk’s office.
Property Type: Place a check in the box next to the appropriate property type. See the NPS National Register Bulletin: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation for more information.
Building: Check this box if the primary resource is a building, such as a house, church, hotel, or similar construction, created principally to shelter any form of human activity.
Structure: Check this box if the primary resource is a structure with functional construction made usually for purposes other than creating human shelter, such as a bridge, highway, lighthouse, windmill, etc.
Object: Check this box for those constructions that are primarily artistic in nature or are relatively small in scale and simply constructed. Although it may be, by nature or design, movable, an object is associated with a specific setting or environment.
Site: Check this box if the resource is a location of a significant event, a prehistoric or historic occupation or activity, or a building or structure, whether standing or ruined, or vanished, where the location itself possesses historic, cultural, or archeological value regardless of the value of any existing structure.
District: Check this box if the resource possesses a significant concentration, linkage, or continuity of sites, buildings, structures, or objects united historically or aesthetically by plan or physical development.
Current Designations: Place a check in the box next to each historical designation the property has received, if any. Only check the box if it is certain the building has been designated. The THC’s History Programs Division (512.463.5853) can confirm whether or not a property has been awarded a state or national level designation. You can also use the Texas Historic Sites Atlas online to search for properties in your survey area by doing a Keyword search (http://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/ ). Designations are abbreviated on the form as follows:
NR District: Check this box if the property is within the boundaries of a National Register Historic District. Check the box to indicate if the property is listed as Contributing to the district.
NHL: Check this box if the property is a National Historic Landmark.
NR: Check this box if the property is individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
RTHL: Check this box if the property has been designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark. Note: The presence of a historical marker does not necessarily indicate that the property is a RTHL. Check with the THC to confirm.
OTHM: Check this box if the property has been designated an Official Texas Historical Marker, which is a subject marker that is educational in nature and reveals aspects of local history that are important to a community or region.
HTC: Check this box if the property has been designated a Historic Texas Cemetery.
SAL: Check this box if the property has been designated a State Antiquities Landmark.
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Local: Check this box if the property has been designated as historic by a local government body (i.e., Landmarks Commission).
Other: Check this box if the property has received a historical designation other than those listed above.
Architect/Builder: It is often difficult to positively identify a building’s original architect and/or builder. Aside from having a cornerstone or original architectural drawings, there are a few other possibilities for archival documentation:
Building Permits: Municipal building permits are an excellent source of information. Historic permit records are sometimes unavailable or difficult to find, but be sure to check with the city clerk.
Mechanics Liens: Temporary liens placed on property by a builder or tradesperson to insure payment for costs incurred during construction or improvements should be recorded with the county clerk.
Deed and Plat Records: Property may have been owned, subdivided and/or developed by its builder (i.e., lumber yard). If so, it may be reflected in the plat of the addition/subdivision and the original deed of each property – both of which are recorded with the county clerk.
Construction Date: Determining a date of construction (even an estimate) may require some detective work. Consult several of these sources and combine the clues from each in a collective evaluation. Be sure to differentiate between a confirmed date and an estimated date by putting a “c.” in front of an estimated date for “circa” (example: 1932 [confirmed] or c. 1925 [estimated]), and then check the appropriate box for Actual or Estimated. Also, list the Source from which the date was determined. Construction dates can be rather accurately estimated, however, based on the property’s style, the area’s period of development, and supporting archival sources:
Building Permits: Most conclusive evidence (see above). Sanborn Maps: Comparison of maps from different periods can establish a date range for construction, and some buildings’ dates of construction may be noted. Tax Records: A relative spike in a property’s value from one year to the next may indicate when a building was constructed. “Year-built” dates listed by the tax appraiser, however, are often not a reliable source. Deeds: Although deeds only record transactions regarding land, they occasionally include mention of improvements constructed since the previous deed. City Directories: Historic city directories, often housed with a local library or historical society, are an excellent source of information. Besides identifying a property’s occupants over time, the first appearance of a property’s address can be an important clue to its date of construction. Remember, however, that another building could have occupied the property before the existing one. County Appraisal District (CAD): Real estate property details of individual properties that can often be accessed online will sometimes indicate date of construction; however, the accuracy of the dates should be verified with an additional source, such as Sanborn maps, architectural style, or other method, as the validity of these dates can vary widely depending on the county.
Function: The choices listed in this section refer to general categories of use, intentionally left somewhat broad to accommodate a range of properties. For a list of specific uses, and the corresponding category, see How to Complete the National Register Registration Form, a National Register Bulletin available from the THC or the National Park Service.
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Current Use: Check the appropriate box to indicate the property’s use at the time of the survey. Agriculture Commerce/Trade Defense Domestic Educational Government Healthcare Industry/Processing Recreation/Culture Religious Social Vacant Other
Historic Use: Check the appropriate box to indicate the property’s most significant or long-term historical use. The list of uses is the same as Current Use above. If the property housed more than one significant use during its historical life, either at the same time or in different periods, check all the corresponding boxes.
Recorded by: Enter surveyor’s name.
Date recorded: Enter the date (MM/DD/YYYY) that the property is surveyed.
Image Information Photo Data: This section is used to link the written information about a property with the photographs taken of it. Survey photographs should be clear and provide an accurate visual representation of the property and its significant features. They should illustrate the qualities discussed in the description and statement of significance. Photographs should show historically significant features and also any alterations that have affected the property’s historic integrity. The primary image should show as much of the building as possible; for a stand-alone building, the view should be from an angle to show the main façade and a side elevation as seen below left; for a building attached to other buildings in a row, the view should be from the front to show the main façade as seen below right.
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If the survey is being conducted for the purpose of a National Register of Historic Places nomination, then the photographs must be done digitally in color and must follow the photographic requirements outlined in the National Register Photo Policy Factsheet, published by NPS. Contact THC National Register staff before beginning photo documentation to discuss the most up-to-date requirements.
Digital Camera Resolution Set the camera to the maximum or largest pixel dimension the camera allows. Minimum: 2000 x 3000 pixel image at 300 dpi in TIFF format. Do not modify the images in any way.
If the survey is being conducted for purposes other than National Register, then JPEG format is adequate.
To insert an image into the Word format THC form, locate the Images folder with the survey photographs and select the primary image for this particular property; right click on the image and select Copy from the menu. Returning to the survey form at the bottom of the first page, right click in the Image box icon and select Paste. The selected image will populate the box. The image can then be adjusted to fill the box by dragging a corner of the image. Repeat for each form.
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SECTION 2: ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION
This section is used to record information about the property’s physical characteristics. It is the primary focus of the field portion of the survey.
This section may require research, analysis, or both, and is not intended for completion in the field. Collecting this more detailed information can be time consuming, and depending on the scope of the survey, some or all of the boxes may not be completed for every property. Consult with the THC during survey planning to determine what level of information should be collected.
General Architectural Description: Use this space for a brief overall description of the property. This description is intended to provide researchers with a quick outline of the property’s essential characteristics and typically includes features that are also recorded elsewhere on the form. Important details to note include the following: height, form, property type (i.e., house, school, store), primary materials, and any predominant features. This is not intended to be a building condition assessment description.
Example: 1-story T-plan Folk Victorian wood frame house with wood siding and full-width porch; the windows have been replaced.
Example: 2-story 2-part commercial block building made of red brick with altered storefront area and modern canopy.
Additions/Modifications: Check this box if the property has undergone any visible or documented (i.e., building permit or Sanborn map) changes. Enter the date of the change(s) in the blank that follows, if known, along with a brief description. If the date is estimated, place a “c.” before the year (e.g., c. 1935).
Example: modern canopy, replacement windows and doors, vinyl siding
Relocated: Check this box if the property has been moved from its original location. If so, briefly indicate why it was moved, and from where, in the blank that follows.
Stylistic Influence(s): Getting comfortable with identifying properties’ stylistic influences takes a good deal of study and practice, but a number of guide books are available to help (see below). Many properties also incorporate a blend of styles, although one may be predominant. If there is difficulty recognizing a property’s style in the field, just skip the question and address it after completing the field survey. With a good photograph, compare the property with information in guidebooks, discuss it with fellow surveyors, or ask for assistance from the THC.
Select Style Guidebooks: Residential Architecture McAlester, Virginia and Lee, A Field Guide to American Houses (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997).
Commercial Architecture Longstreth, Richard W., The Buildings of Main Street: A Guide to American Commercial Architecture (Washington, D.C.: Preservation Press, 1987).
Structural Details: Completing this section is rather straightforward once the terminology is known. Some terms are illustrated below to assist with identification, and an architectural dictionary may come in useful. Illustrated dictionaries tend to be most helpful.
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Roof Form: Refer to the following images to determine the form of the property’s roof and dormers. If the form is not listed, check “Other” and describe it in the blank that follows.
Gable Hipped Gambrel Shed
Flat w/ parapet Mansard Pyramidal
Roof Materials: Check the appropriate box to indicate the existing roofing material on the primary resource. If the material is not listed, check “Other” and describe it in the blank that follows. If the roofing material is not visible, do not check a box, unless the material can be verified another way.
Wall Materials: Check the appropriate box to indicate the existing exterior sheathing material(s) (what is visible) on the primary resource. If a property incorporates a combination of materials, check all corresponding boxes. If the material is not listed, check “Other” and describe it in the blank that follows.
Windows: This section is used to record information on both the operation and the material of the windows, so multiple boxes should be checked.
Window Operation:
Fixed Sash Casement Sliding
Additional Details:
Decorative screenwork: Check this box if decorative screens cover the windows.
Other: Check this box if the window’s material or method of operation is not listed, and describe it in the blank that follows.
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Doors: Check all boxes that apply (refer to images below). If there are notable features about the doors that are not listed, check “Other” and describe them in the blank that follows.
Single Double With transom With sidelights
Plan: This section is primarily intended for recording the building’s “footprint” – the shape of its outline at ground level – but a few of the terms refer to the layout of interior spaces, which cannot always be determined from the outside.
L-plan T-plan Center Passage Shotgun Irregular Rectangular
Modified L-plan: This term applies to all of the many variations (either through initial design or later alterations) on the traditional L-plan form, such as extending one wing to make a partial-T, widening either or both of the wings, or filling in a portion of the L.
2-room: This refers, very literally, to a building comprised of only two interior spaces, typically of a similar size.
Open: This term refers generally to an interior floor plan that includes large, open multi-functional spaces or distinct rooms connected by especially wide openings, most often found in more modern (post-1940) houses.
Bungalow: This term refers to a house of relatively modest size, typically 1 to 1 ½ stories, with the dining, kitchen and bedroom areas arranged around the perimeter of a central living room.
Four Square: This term refers to a house where width and depth are each comprised of two equal- sized bays, creating a square footprint.
Stories: Enter the number of stories (vertical levels) on the property. An additional level housed in the roof structure (i.e., with dormers) is considered a half story and can be entered as 1.5 or 2 ½ .
Basement: Check the appropriate box to indicate whether the property includes no basement, a partial basement, or a full basement. Although sometimes apparent (i.e., with basement windows), this cannot always be determined from the exterior.
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Chimneys:
Specify number(s): Enter the number of existing chimneys on the building.
Interior: The chimney walls are encased within the building envelope.
Exterior: The chimney walls are visible from the outside of the building envelope.
Exterior Interior
Brick: Check this box if the chimney is constructed of exposed brick.
Stone: Check this box if the chimney is constructed of exposed stone.
Stucco: Check this box if the chimney is covered with stucco or plaster.
Corbelled Caps: Check this box if the chimney has corbelled caps on it.
Other: Check this box if the chimney material is not listed, and then describe it in the blank that follows.
Porches/Canopies: Use this section to record information about a building’s main porch(es) and canopy(ies). Check all boxes that apply.
Roof Form: Check the appropriate box to indicate the porch’s roof form (shed, flat, hipped, gable or inset). Refer to the above illustrations of the main roof forms.
Support:
Wood posts Masonry piers Fabricated metal
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Box columns Classical columns Tapered box supports
Suspension cables/chains Suspension rods Spindlework Jigsawn trim
Drawings courtesy of Canadian Inventory of Historic Building/Parks Canada and A Field Guide to American Houses by McAlester. Photos provided by the Texas Historical Commission.
Ancillary Buildings: Use this section to record ancillary buildings on the property.
Garage: Enter the number of detached garage buildings on the property. Note: Count only the number of buildings, not stalls (i.e., 2-car garage = 1 building).
Barn: Enter the number of barns on the property. Only outbuildings used specifically for storing agricultural equipment or livestock should be counted as barns.
Shed: Enter the number of sheds on the property. Shed is a generic term used to describe a relatively small outbuilding used for general storage.
Other: Enter the number and type of other ancillary buildings on the property (i.e., 1 outhouse or 2 chicken coops).
Landscape/Site Features: Use this section to record significant features of the property’s site.
Sidewalks: Check this box if the site includes sidewalks.
Terracing: Check this box if the property includes terraces, stepped banks of earth used to accommodate especially steep sites.
Drives: Check this box if the site includes an automobile driveway.
Well/Cistern: Check this box if a well or cistern is on the property.
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Gardens: Check this box if the site includes areas of designed landscaping.
Other: Check this box to indicate the presence of other notable site features and use the space that follows for a brief description.
Landscape Notes: add any descriptions about the landscape or site features
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SECTION 3: HISTORICAL INFORMATION
This section requires an understanding of the criteria used to evaluate properties for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NR) and some experience applying those criteria. Because properties must be evaluated within their historical context, it is also important to have a good understanding of local history, as well as how existing historic resources reflect that history. We recommend consulting with the THC and becoming familiar with applicable NR publications.
This section is also intended to record the surveyor’s initial impression of a property’s historic integrity – whether or not it retains enough of its important characteristics to convey its historical significance. Evaluating integrity in the field can be a challenge, and it often takes an experienced eye to recognize non-historic alterations on sight alone. Sanborn Maps can be helpful for identifying changes over time, and historical images are ideal for comparing past and present conditions. When needed, the THC can evaluate collected information to help determine a property’s integrity.
Associated Historical Context: Historic contexts are those patterns or trends in history by which a specific occurrence, property, or site is understood and its meaning within history or prehistory is made clear. Check the appropriate box for the appropriate Associated Historical Context.
Agriculture Architecture Arts Commerce Communication Education Exploration Health Immigration/Settlement Law/Government Military Natural Resources Planning/Development Religion/Spirituality Science/Technology Social/Cultural Transportation Other
Applicable National Register (NR) Criteria: To help evaluate historic properties, NR separates the general quality of historical significance into four specific criteria. A property may be significant under one or more criteria, and all corresponding boxes should be checked on the survey form:
Criterion A: Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad pattern of our history;
Criterion B: Associated with the lives of persons significant in our past;
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Criterion C: Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction; or represents the work of a master; or possesses high artistic value; or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction (Architectural significance);
Criterion D: Has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.
See How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, a National Register bulletin available from the THC or NPS, for more detailed explanations of each criterion and their applicability to various properties.
Areas of Significance: Every historic property must be evaluated in relation to the historical context(s) to which it contributed. The NR areas of significance are broad historical themes (i.e., Agriculture, Commerce) used to indicate the general nature of the context(s) associated with the property. A list of NR areas of significance can be found above under the Associated Historical Context list or in How to Complete the National Register Registration Form with examples of commonly associated properties. Identify all that apply and record them in the blanks, separated by semi-colons.
Period of Significance: A property’s period of significance is the time in which it achieved its historical significance. It may be a single year, like the construction date of an architecturally significant property, or an extended period of time, like the period that an important historical figure lived in a particular residence. Again, see How to Complete the National Register Registration Form for more detailed discussion on identifying a property’s period of significance.
Level of Significance: Each property that receives NR designation is assigned a level of significance. Check the appropriate box to indicate the surveyed property’s level of significance, based on the descriptions below and the more detailed explanations found in How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation.
National: A historic property is only recognized as nationally significant if the events or persons with which it is associated, its architectural type or style, or its information potential have impacted the history of the nation as a whole. Dallas’ Dealey Plaza, for instance, is nationally significant for its associations with the assassination of John F. Kennedy, an event that clearly impacted the entire country. Relatively few historic properties are considered nationally significant, and their nationwide influence must be well-supported.
State: A historic property is recognized as having statewide significance if the events or persons with which it is associated, its architectural type or style, or its information potential have impacted the history of the entire state. Properties recognized as having statewide significance are often the first, the largest, the only, or the best example of their kind in the state.
Local: Locally significant properties are classified as such because their influence is tied primarily to local history. The vast majority of properties with NR designation are listed at the local level of significance, and this should be considered the “default” level of significance unless statewide or national significance can be clearly justified.
Integrity: Although a property’s historic integrity is ultimately evaluated based on cumulative change, criteria established by the National Register of Historic Places separate integrity into seven distinct categories that can be evaluated independently: Check as many boxes as apply.
Location: Check this box if the property remains on its original site.
Design: Check this box if the property’s form, plan, structure and style remain largely unaltered.
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Materials: Check this box if the property retains most of its historic materials (i.e., façade treatment, windows, doors, etc.).
Workmanship: Check this box if the property retains physical evidence of the original craftsperson’s work (i.e., metalwork, masonry, etc.).
Setting: Check this box if the property’s surroundings (i.e., site, neighborhood) remain relatively similar to their historic state.
Feeling: Check this box if the property’s character still conveys a sense of its historic period.
Association: Check this box if the property continues to convey its connections to significant people or events that helped define its history.
Fill in the Integrity Notes section with any relevant integrity information. Also see How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, a National Register bulletin available from the THC or the National Park Service.
Individually Eligible: A property that is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places must meet one of the NR Criteria mentioned above by being associated with an important historic context and retaining historic integrity of those features necessary to convey its significance. Select Yes, No or Undetermined.
Within Potential NR District: Check the appropriate box to indicate whether the property lies within the boundaries of a potential National Register Historic District (NR district). An NR district is an area with a significant concentration of historic properties that are also united by common historical or architectural associations. Survey maps are very helpful for identifying concentrated areas of historic resources, but their historical and/or architectural connections to each other must also be considered. The THC can assist in determining the potential for an NR district. Select Yes, No or Undetermined.
Is property contributing? Properties within the boundaries of a NR district are designated as either Contributing or Noncontributing. Contributing properties are those that convey their associations with the common historical themes or physical characteristics that unite the district. Noncontributing properties are those that do not convey their associations, typically because they were either constructed or significantly altered after the period for which the district is significant. Again, the THC can assist with such determinations.
Priority: One purpose of a historic resources survey is to help prioritize historic properties within the local community, deciding which resources are the most important to preserve, either because of their rarity or their especially important role in defining the character of local history. Prioritizing must be done carefully and thoughtfully, however, as those determinations ultimately will be guiding future preservation planning decisions. A property considered significant by one person or group may not be by another, and entire contexts and resource types are sometimes unintentionally neglected. So it is important to involve as much of the community as possible in determining priorities, and even then, those priorities should be treated more as a working, evolving guide than a final ruling on the importance of any property.
High: A high priority property has demonstrated significance in the community or is a rare example of its type. It also has a high degree of historic integrity and would most often qualify individually for NR designation.
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Medium: A medium priority property is also historically significant but is slightly less of a priority, perhaps because it is relatively common or has been altered. Although it may not qualify for individual designation, it would likely be a contributing resource if within the boundaries of a NR district.
Low: A low priority property either lacks a demonstrated historical significance, or has been substantially altered. It would most likely not qualify for historical designation.
Explain: As mentioned above, prioritization should be carefully thought out, and the criteria by which a property is judged may change with time. An explanation and justification of a property’s priority should be recorded in this space, so future researchers can understand the rationale that was used.
Other Information Select Yes, No, or Unknown to indicate whether prior documentation of the property is available. If prior documentation is available, indicate the Type (see below) and any Details.
HABS: Check this box if the property has been documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS). The THC or the US Library of Congress can help determine whether HABS documentation is available.
Survey: Check this box if the property was included in a previous historic resources survey. Check the THC’s online Historic Sites Atlas (http://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/ ) or contact the THC for verification.
Documentation Details: Provide the details of the prior documentation and when it was completed (e.g., Camp Mabry Building #15, HABS #TX-3516-A 2002).
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THC ACCESS DATABASE
The THC Historic Resources Survey is also available in Access database format. Using Access is beneficial for the THC and communities as the information can be directly uploaded into the THC’s Texas Historic Sites Atlas (http://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/), can be exported as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and can be used for updating by the community or organization that conducted the survey.
Whenever a community or consultant is preparing to start a survey, the THC can send a THC Historic Resources Survey packet (electronically or by CD) that contains a THC Access database and two folders (Images, Docs). The community or consultant needs to have Microsoft Access on the computer where the survey information will be entered (at least Microsoft Access 2007, 2010, or 2013).
It is recommended to make a digital copy of this THC packet and save it as a new project on the computer so that a project specific database is locally available (e.g., Childress Downtown); retain the original THC packet for future survey projects.
Entering Survey Information into the Access Database When first opening the THC Access database, it will show two warning messages. The first message is “Read-Only. This database has been opened read-only. You can only change data in linked tables. To make design changes, save a copy of the database ‘Save As…’” Click on Save As and then Yes; then save the new database in the appropriate location on your computer with the survey project name.
The second warning message is “Security Warning: Some active context has been disabled. Click for more details. Enable Content.” Click on Enable Content.
Open the THC Historic Resources Survey Access database program. Your screen will look like this:
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This page is known as the Switchboard page or Home page.
To begin entering the survey information, click on the first option from the Switchboard or Home page menu, “Open Survey Database.” Your screen will now show the first page of the survey form that looks like this:
Starting a New Form
To start a new form, just begin filling out the form. Once the blue section at the top of the form is filled out, this Header/Identifying information will show up on each tab for this property. This page shows the five different tabs where information can be entered: Basic Inventory, Image, Architectural Description, Structural Details, and Historical Information. The information on each tab is the same as the THC paper survey form or the THC
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Microsoft Word document form, so use Sections 1-3 in this manual to fill out the Access database forms, using pull-down menus instead of check boxes.
Under each tab, enter as much information as is known about each property. You can always come back later to fill in more information. Be sure to save the form by using the “Save Record” button at the bottom of the screen before starting a new record or form.
To start the next form, click on the right-pointing arrowhead with the yellow sunburst icon at the bottom of the screen page (near the record numbers, bottom left). Repeat the process for the next new form.
*** On the Image tab, you need to make sure that you have relabeled all of your survey photos and moved them to the main Image folder BEFORE starting to link photos to the properties. Once you have linked your photos to the properties, you SHOULD NOT move the images out of this main Image folder; otherwise, the links are broken and will no longer work. See the “Photographs in the Access Database” and “Photo Labeling Protocol” sections below on how to relabel your photos. ***
Returning to Previously Filled-out Form
To open a previously filled-out form to review or enter additional information, click on the “Search By Address” button on the Switchboard page (or Home page). Enter the address of the property desired (this can be a partial address such as the address number only, e.g., 325, or street name only, e.g., Main) and click OK. If using a partial address, several results may appear; using the arrow buttons at the bottom left of the form, click through the results until the one you are looking for appears.
Photographs in the Access Database
In the THC Historic Resources Survey packet is a folder labeled Images. This folder will have a placeholder image called “noimage.” This is the image that will show up in the image box on the Access database Image tab until a specific survey photo has been linked to a specific form. More information below.
Once the survey fieldwork has been conducted and the photos have been downloaded onto the computer, the photos need to be relabeled. Often, there will be several people taking photos of the survey area. It is recommended to keep each individual’s photos in separate folders. These folders can be labeled by the individual surveyor’s initials (e.g., AH pics) or by survey block (e.g., 200 blk). The THC recommends making a copy of the photos before relabeling the images. This is a safety precaution in case of accidental deletion or incorrect labeling. So now the Image folder with subfolders of survey photos and a copy of the survey photos should look similar to this:
Images folder “AH pics” folder with original survey photos inside Copy of “AH pics” photos
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Photo Labeling Protocol
Using the copy photos (not the original survey photos), the photos should be re-labeled utilizing the THC Photo Labeling Protocol:
TX-CountyCode-City-Streetname-Streetdesignation-Ordinal-Address#-2digitphotonumber.format
Example: the first photo of a building at 103 East Marshall Street, Pittsburg, Camp County, Texas would be: o TX-CP-Pittsburg-Marshall-St-E-103-01.jpg
If there is no ordinal, leave it out; there is no need to keep the extra hyphen in there. o TX-CP-Pittsburg-Marshall-St-103-01.jpg
If there is a “half” address, it can be indicated with a point-five: 103 ½ East Marshall o TX-CP-Pittsburg-Marshall-St-E-103.5-01.jpg
A unit number/letter can be added to the end of an address: 103B East Marshall o TX-CP-Pittsburg-Marshall-St-E-103B-01.jpg
If the address cannot be verified after research and/or during survey, then a general number of the block can be used: the building is on the 100 block of Marshall Street. o TX-CP-Pittsburg-Marshall-St-E-100blk-01.jpeg
If there is a two-word city or street name, run the words together but distinguish with capital letters. PortArthur, JoeSayers, LiveOak
Use the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory (TARL) county codes for the county abbreviation. This is included in the THC Historic Resources Survey packet and under Attachments at the end of this document. Once the photos have been relabeled using the Photo Labeling Protocol, then all the relabeled photos can be moved or copied into the main Image folder. So now the Image folder should look similar to this:
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Creating Thumbnail Images for Survey Inventory Report
If a Survey Inventory Report is needed for the project, thumbnail images of the survey photos need to be created. A thumbnail image is a reduced size version of an image. This can easily be done by downloading a freeware program such as Easy Thumbnails or in a photo editing program such as Adobe PhotoShop.
Using the Easy Thumbnails software as an example (other thumbnail programs should be similar), from your computer network, select the Images folder where all the renamed survey photos are stored in the left column under “Look in:” box; the box below will show the images’ names. Then select where the thumbnail images will be saved under “Save in:” box; there should be a subfolder called “Thumbnails” already in the Images folder (this came as part of the THC survey packet). Then click Make All button on the bottom right part of the screen. The thumbnail program will now start generating all of the thumbnails. When the program is finished creating thumbnails, it will indicate how many thumbnails were created. Click Ok and close the thumbnail program. See the black arrows below to locate selections noted above.
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Linking Photos into the Access Database
Now that all of the survey photos have been relabeled and moved into the main Image folder, the photos can be linked into the Access database. Click on the Image tab; your screen will look similar to this:
Click on the Folder icon next to the Primary Image ID box (see black arrow) to browse your computer server to locate the folder where the survey photos are saved in the main Image folder. Select the appropriate photo that goes with the particular property and click Save. A verification window will ask you to enter the address for this property. This will link the photo to the entry. Your screen will now look similar to this:
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Enter the “Starting Photo ID” information into the top box and the “Ending Photo ID” information into the middle box. For instance, if there are ten photos for one property, the “Starting Photo ID” would be TX-CI- Childress-B-Ave-NW-220-01 and the “Ending Photo ID” would be TX-CI-Childress-B-Ave-NW-220-10.
Repeat this process for all of the resources in the survey project area.
Preparing Survey Packet to Send to the THC Once the information has been entered into the Access database and the database forms are as complete as they can be, the survey information needs to be sent to the THC. To be included in the packet for the THC is electronic information (Access database, Images folder, and Docs folder) and hard copied information (Survey Forms, Survey Inventory report, maps).
The hard copies should be printed on 8.5x11 copy paper. Hard copy maps can be printed either 8.5x11 or 11x17 copy paper (please do not print on legal-sized paper).
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Electronic Information: Access database of the survey project Images folder with all renamed images of the survey Docs folder with any reports created (maps, historic context report, survey report, spreadsheets, etc.) o This should include PDF, Excel, and Word (or equivalent) versions
Hard Copy Information: Survey Forms Survey Inventory report Maps Survey report (if applicable) Historic Context report (if applicable)
The THC Access database automatically sorts the entries by Street Name, then Address Number. This is one of the more common ways to organize forms.
To print all of the survey forms, go to the Switchboard/Home page and select the “Print All Survey Forms” button. It may take a few moments for the computer to process all of the data. From the File tab at the top left of the Access database window, select “Print” and then “Print” again.
Texas Historical Commission Historic Resources Survey Manual 27
If only certain forms need to be printed, then click the “Open Survey Database” button or the “Search by Address” button (to find the specific form) from the Switchboard/Home page. Once the specific form has been located, click the “Print Report” button at the bottom of the page. This will print the three-page form for the selected property.
Texas Historical Commission Historic Resources Survey Manual 28
CONCLUSION
The THC appreciates your survey efforts as it adds to the statewide survey inventory of more than 100,000 historic resources in Texas. There are still large portions of Texas yet to be surveyed. Additionally, updates to existing surveys are necessary to keep current information on file. The THC is constantly striving to expand our survey data holdings. Now your survey is a part of the statewide effort.
Once the THC Survey Coordinator has received your survey packet, it will take approximately 30 days to review the project and to provide comments or feedback.
This survey project can lead to further preservation projects by your community such as National Register of Historic Places nominations, Design Guidelines or Standards to protect the historical character of the district, local historic districts, architectural walking tours, and videos and brochures on historical topics.
Texas Historical Commission Historic Resources Survey Manual 29
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Library of Congress Built in America: HABS/HAER/HALS Collection http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/collections/habs_haer/
Longstreth, Richard W., The Buildings of Main Street: A Guide to American Commercial Architecture (Washington, D.C.: Preservation Press, 1987).
McAlester, Virginia and Lee, A Field Guide to American Houses (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997).
National Park Service http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/publications/index.htm
Guidelines for Local Surveys: A Basis for Preservation Planning
How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation
How to Complete the National Register Registration Form
Texas Historic Sites Atlas http://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/
Texas Historical Commission Historic Resources Survey Manual 30
ATTACHMENT Texas County Abbreviations
1. Anderson AN 61. Denton DN 129. Kaufman KF 198. Robertson RT 2. Andrews AD 62. De Witt DW 130. Kendall KE 199. Rockwall RW 131. Kenedy KN 200. Runnels RN 3. Angelina AG 63. Dickens DK 132. Kent KT 201. Rusk RK 4. Aransas AS 64. Dimmitt DM 133. Kerr KR 202. Sabine SB 5. Archer AR 65. Donley DY 134. Kimble KM 203. San Augustine SA 6. Armstrong AM 66. Duval DV 135. King KG 204. San Jacinto SJ 7. Atascosa AT 67. Eastland EA 136. Kinney KY 205. San Patricio SP 68. Ector EC 137. Kleberg KL 206. San Saba SS 8. Austin AU 69. Edwards ED 9. Bailey BA 138. Knox KX 207. Schleicher SL 70. Ellis EL 139. Lamar LR 208. Scurry SC 10. Bandera BN 71. El Paso EP 140. Lamb LA 209. Shackelford SF 11. Bastrop BP 72. Erath ER 141. Lampasas LM 210. Shelby SY 12. Baylor BY 73. Falls FA 142. La Salle LS 211. Sherman SH 13. Bee BE 74. Fannin FN 143. Lavaca LC 212. Smith SM 75. Fayette FY 14. Bell BL 144. Lee LE 213. Somervell SV 76. Fisher FS 145. Leon LN 214. Starr SR 15. Bexar BX 77. Floyd FL 16. Blanco BC 146. Liberty LB 215. Stephens SE 78. Foard FD 147. Limestone LT 216. Sterling ST 17. Borden BD 79. Fort Bend FB 148. Lipscomb LP 217. Stonewall SN 18. Bosque BQ 80. Franklin FK 149. Live Oak LK 218. Sutton SU 19. Bowie BW 81. Freestone FT 150. Llano LL 219. Swisher SW 20. Brazoria BO 82. Frio FR 151. Loving LV 220. Tarrant TR 83. Gaines GA 21. Brazos BZ 152. Lubbock LU 221. Taylor TA 84. Galveston GV 153. Lynn LY 222. Terrell TE 22. Brewster BS 85. Garza GR 23. Briscoe BI 154. Madison MA 223. Terry TY 86. Gillespie GL 155. Marion MR 224. Throckmorton TH 24. Brooks BK 87. Glasscock GC 156. Martin MT 225. Titus TT 25. Brown BR 88. Goliad GD 157. Mason MS 226. Tom Green TG 26. Burleson BU 89. Gonzales GZ 158. Matagorda MG 227. Travis TV 27. Burnet BT 90. Gray GY 159. Maverick MV 228. Trinity TN 91. Grayson GS 28. Caldwell CW 160. McCulloch MK 229. Tyler TL 92. Gregg GG 161. McLennan ML 230. Upshur UR 29. Calhoun CL 93. Grimes GM 30. Callahan CA 162. McMullen MC 231. Upton UT 94. Guadalupe GU 163. Medina ME 232. Uvalde UV 31. Cameron CF 95. Hale HA 164. Menard MN 233. Val Verde VV 32. Camp CP 96. Hall HL 165. Midland MD 234. Van Zandt VN 33. Carson CZ 97. Hamilton HM 166. Milam MM 235. Victoria VT 34. Cass CS 98. Hansford HF 167. Mills MI 236. Walker WA 99. Hardeman HX 35. Castro CAS 168. Mitchell MH 237. Waller WL 100. Hardin HN 169. Montague MU 238. Ward WR 36. Chambers CH 101. Harris HR 37. Cherokee CE 170. Montgomery MQ 239. Washington WT 102. Harrison HS 171. Moore MO 240. Webb WB 38. Childress CI 103. Hartley HT 172. Morris MX 241. Wharton WH 39. Clay CY 104. Haskell HK 173. Motley MY 242. Wheeler WE 40. Cochran CQ 105. Hays HY 174. Nacogdoches NA 243. Wichita WC 41. Coke CK 106. Hemphill HH 175. Navarro NV 244. Wilbarger WG 107. Henderson HE 176. Newton NW 245. Willacy WY 42. Coleman CN 108. Hidalgo HG 43. Collin COL 177. Nolan NL 246. Williamson WM 109. Hill HI 178. Nueces NU 247. Wilson WN 44. Collingsworth CG 110. Hockley HQ 179. Ochiltree OC 248. Winkler WK 45. Colorado CD 111. Hood HD 180. Oldham OL 249. Wise WS 46. Comal CM 112. Hopkins HP 181. Orange OR 250. Wood WD 47. Comanche CJ 113. Houston HO 182. Palo Pinto PP 251. Yoakum YK 114. Howard HW 48. Concho CC 183. Panola PN 252. Young YN 115. Hudspeth HZ 184. Parker PR 253. Zapata ZP 49. Cooke CO 116. Hunt HU 50. Coryell CV 185. Parmer PM 254. Zavala ZV 117. Hutchinson HC 186. Pecos PC 51. Cottle CT 118. Irion IR 187. Polk PK TARL Form: Texas County 52. Crane CR 119. Jack JA 188. Potter PT Abbreviations (Date 9/2004) 53. Crockett CX 120. Jackson JK 189. Presidio PS 54. Crosby CB 121. Jasper JP 190. Rains RA 122. Jeff Davis JD 55. Culberson CU 191. Randall RD 123. Jefferson JF 192. Reagan RG 56. Dallam DA 124. Jim Hogg JH 57. Dallas DL 193. Real RE 125. Jim Wells JW 194. Red River RR 58. Dawson DS 126. Johnson JN 195. Reeves RV 59. Deaf Smith DF 127. Jones JS 196. Refugio RF 60. Delta DT 128. Karnes KA 197. Roberts RB
Texas Historical Commission Historic Resources Survey Manual 31
Texas Historical Commission Historic Resources Survey Manual 32
TEXAS HISTORICAL COMMISSION HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY FORM PROJECT # Local ID County City Address
SECTION 1 Basic Inventory Information Owner/Address Geographic Location: Latitude: Longitude: Legal Description (Lot/Block) Addition/Subdivision Year Property Type: ☐Building ☐Structure ☐Object ☐Site ☐District Current Designations: ☐NR District (Is property contributing? ☐Yes ☐No) ☐NHL ☐NR ☐RTHL ☐OTHM ☐HTC ☐SAL ☐Local ☐Other Architect: Builder: Construction Date: ☐Actual ☐Estimated Source: Function Current Use: ☐Agriculture ☐Commerce/trade ☐Defense ☐Domestic ☐Educational ☐Government ☐Healthcare ☐Industry/processing ☐Recreation/culture ☐Religious ☐Social ☐Other: Historic Use: ☐Agriculture ☐Commerce/trade ☐Defense ☐Domestic ☐Educational ☐Government ☐Healthcare ☐Industry/processing ☐Recreation/culture ☐Religious ☐Social ☐Other: Image Information Recorded Date Recorded: by: Photo Data: ID# to Primary Image ID
IMAGE
TEXAS HISTORICAL COMMISSION HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY FORM PROJECT # Local ID County City Address
SECTION 2 Architectural Description General Architectural Description:
☐Additions, modifications, specify dates: ☐Relocated, specify date, former location and information of interest: Stylistic Influence(s) ☐Log traditional ☐Shingle ☐Gothic Revival ☐Pueblo Revival ☐International ☐Greek Revival ☐Romanesque Revival ☐Tudor Revival ☐Spanish Colonial ☐Post-war Modern ☐Italianate ☐Folk Victorian ☐Neo-Classical ☐Prairie ☐Ranch ☐Second Empire ☐Colonial Revival ☐Beaux Arts ☐Craftsman ☐Commercial Style ☐Eastlake ☐Renaissance Revival ☐Mission ☐Art Deco ☐No Style ☐Queen Anne ☐Exotic Revival ☐Monterey ☐Moderne ☐Other Structural Details Roof Form ☐Gable ☐Hipped ☐Gambrel ☐Shed ☐Flat w/ parapet ☐Mansard ☐Pyramid ☐Other Roof Materials ☐Wood shingles ☐Tile ☐Composition Shingles ☐Metal ☐Other Wall Materials ☐Brick ☐Stucco ☐Stone ☐Wood shingles ☐Log ☐Terra Cotta ☐Concrete ☐Metal: ☐Wood Siding ☐Siding: Other ☐Glass ☐Asbestos ☐Vinyl ☐Other Windows ☐Fixed ☐Wood sash ☐Double hung ☐Casement ☐Metal sash ☐Decorative Screenwork ☐Other Doors (Primary Entrance) ☐Single door ☐Double door ☐With transom ☐With sidelights ☐Other Plan ☐L-plan ☐T-plan ☐Modified L-plan ☐2-room ☐Open ☐Center Passage ☐Bungalow ☐Shotgun ☐Irregular ☐Four Square ☐Rectangular ☐Other Chimneys Specify # ☐Interior ☐Exterior ☐Brick ☐Stone ☐Stucco ☐Corbelled Caps ☐Other: PORCHES/CANOPIES Form: ☐Shed Roof ☐Flat Roof ☐Hipped Roof ☐Gable Roof ☐Inset ☐Other Support: ☐Wood posts (plain) ☐Wood posts (turned) ☐Masonry pier ☐Fabricated metal ☐Box columns ☐Classical columns ☐Tapered box supports ☐Suspension cables ☐Suspension rods ☐Spindlework ☐Jigsawn trim ☐Other Materials: ☐Metal ☐Wood ☐Fabric ☐Other # of stories: Basement: ☐None ☐Partial ☐Full Ancillary Buildings (specify # and type) Garage Barn Shed Other Landscape/Site Features ☐Sidewalks ☐Terracing ☐Drives ☐Well/cistern ☐Gardens ☐Other ☐Stone ☐Wood ☐Concrete ☐Brick ☐Other materials: Landscape Notes:
TEXAS HISTORICAL COMMISSION HISTORIC RESOURCES SURVEY FORM PROJECT # Local ID County City Address
SECTION 3 Historical Information Associated Historical Context: ☐Agriculture ☐Architecture ☐Arts ☐Commerce ☐Communication ☐Education ☐Exploration ☐Health ☐Immigration/Settlement ☐Law/Government ☐Military ☐Natural Resources ☐Planning/Development ☐Religion/Spirituality ☐Science/Technology ☐Social/Cultural ☐Transportation ☐Other Applicable National Register (NR) Criteria: ☐A Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad pattern of our history ☐B Associated with the lives of persons significant in our past Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period or method of construction or represents the work of a ☐C master, or possesses high artistic value, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinctions ☐D Has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory of history Areas of Significance:
Periods of Significance: Level of Significance: ☐National ☐State ☐Local Integrity: ☐Location ☐Design ☐Materials ☐Workmanship ☐Setting ☐Feeling ☐Association Integrity notes:
Individually Eligible? ☐Yes ☐No ☐Undetermined Within Potential NR District? ☐Yes ☐No ☐Undetermined Is Property Contributing? ☐Yes ☐No ☐Undetermined Priority: ☐High ☐Medium ☐Low Explain: (see manual for definitions) Other Information Is prior documentation available ☐Yes ☐No ☐Not known Type: ☐HABS ☐Survey ☐Other for this resource? Documentation details
Questions? Contact Survey Coordinator History Programs Division, Texas Historical Commission 512/463-5853 [email protected] version 3/2013 TEXAS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 54 Project #: 1 - Gladewater Historic Resources Survey Form Local Id: 984192 County: GREGG City: GLADEWATER Address No: 434 Street Name: N MAIN ST Block: 2 SECTION 1 Basic Inventory Information Current Name: Historic Name: Gladewater Icehouse
Owner Information Name: UDI Address: UDI City: UDI State: UDI Zip:
Geographic Location Latitude: 32.539515 Longitude: -94.939989 Parcel Id Legal Description (Lot\Block): AB 179 L J RIGSBY SUR TR 54 SEC 2 UND INT
Addition/Subdivision: RIGSBY L J SUR Year:
Property Type: Building Listed NR Distrct Name: Current Designations: NR District NHL NR RTHL OTHM HTC SAL Local Other Is property contributing?
Architect: Builder
Contruction Date: ca. 1935 Source Field survey Function Current: Vacant
Historic: Industry/Processing, Commerce/Trade
Recorded By: Elizabeth Porterfield Date Recorded: 6/20/2018 TEXAS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 54 Project #: 1 - Gladewater Historic Resources Survey Form Local Id: 984192 County: GREGG City: GLADEWATER Address No: 434 Street Name: N MAIN ST Block: 2 SECTION 2 Architectural Description Former Gladewater Icehouse; ca. 1935 Spanish Eclectic-style building with a flat roof with tile coping, brick cladding (painted), and a hexagonal corner "tower" element with a tile roof; includes original metal awning windows, original wood doors with heavy metal hinges, two loading docks, and a single garage bay; building is currently vacant; located on a large parcel with adjacent brick commercial building (ca. 1950s), metal carport at front of property, and metal shed and gabled concrete-block buidling in rear yard; highly intact and significant former industrial building that served Gladewater as an icehouse Additions, modifcations Explain:
Relocated Explain:
Stylistic Influence Spanish Eclectic
Structural Details Roof Form Flat
Roof Materials Tiles
Wall Materials Brick
Windows Metal
Doors (Primary Entrance) Single (original)
Plan Rectangular
Chimneys
Porches/Canopies FORM SUPPORT MATERIAL ANCILLARY BUILDINGS: Garage: Barn: Shed: Other:
Landscape Features
On parcel with ca. 1950s office building, metal carport, and two rear outbuildings (metal shed and concrete block building) TEXAS HISTORICAL COMMISSION 54 Project #: 1 - Gladewater Historic Resources Survey Form Local Id: 984192 County: GREGG City: GLADEWATER Address No: 434 Street Name: N MAIN ST Block: 2 SECTION 3 Historical Information Associated Historical Context Architecture, Commerce Applicable National Register (NR) Criteria: A Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad pattern of our history B Associated with the lives of persons significant in our past C Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic value, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinctions D Has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory of history
Areas of Significance: Architecture as a significant example of a ca. 1935 Spanish Eclectic-style icehouse; Commerce as a former early-20th-century icehouse constructed during the oil boom of the 1930s Periods of Significance: ca. 1935-1968 Levels of Significance: National State Local Integrity: Location Design Materials Workmanship Setting Feeling Association Integrity Notes:
Individually Eligible? Yes Within Potential NR District?: No Is Property Contributing?: Potential NR District Name: May contribute to potential North Main Street Historic District but recommended for indiv. NRHP Priority High Explain:
Other Information Is prior documentation available for this resource? Not Known Type HABS Survey Other Documentation Details: Reconnaissance-Level Field Survey Form Project Name: Surveyor(s): Date: City: County: State: Page:
Fenestration (primary) Preservation Street Address Field ID Function and Use Form | Plan Date Stories Architectural Style Exterior Materials config | materials Integrity Issues Priority Photo Log
Number Dir Name Estimate Door Windows High, Med, Low
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Survey Project Name: Site # Address Description Photo #s This page intentionally left blank. APPENDIX C
PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Appendix C – Previously Surveyed Historic Resources within Gregg County (does not include resources within the city limits of Longview)
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation Clarksville City Baptist Church No designation, neighborhood North Clarksville City Old Longview Highway Building (church) (G-057) survey (1982, 1985) Jack Earp House and Barn (G-065, No designation, neighborhood North Clarksville City Clarksville City Building (residence) G-066) survey (1986) US 80 West in Clarksville City, Official Texas Historical Marker North Clarksville City Point Pleasant between White Oak and Marker (OTHM) Gladewater Lake Devernia Caretaker House No designation, neighborhood North Clarksville City US 80 at Lake Devernia Building (residence) (G-59, 1985) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood North Clarksville City Lake Devernia (G-60, 1985) US 80 Site (lake) survey (1985) First Franchised Motor Bus Line North Gladewater Pacific Avenue at Dean Street Marker OTHM in Texas Local Marker Downtown Gladewater (near North Gladewater Gladewater (Gladewater Heritage No designation railroad tracks on S. Main Street) Society) 200 N. Main Street at Quitman North Gladewater John Ben Shepperd Marker OTHM Avenue North Gladewater Rosedale Cemetery US 80 at Loop 485 Marker/Cemetery OTHM Downtown Gladewater (near Local Marker Snavely No. 1 - Gladewater North Gladewater railroad tracks on W. Commerce (Gladewater Heritage No designation Discovery Well Avenue) Society) Determined eligible for the National Register of Historic 1320 W. Upshur Avenue, North Gladewater Unnamed ca. 1935 residence Building (residence) Places (NRHP), Survey completed Gladewater by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Originally at 201 E. Upshur Avenue, North Gladewater William E. Bumpus House Gladewater *(property burned in Former Building OTHM; RTHL 2014) Building (residential No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater The Lane (#14772, 2018) 606 E. Broadway Avenue court) survey (2018) c. 1920 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 416 N. Main Street Building (residence) (#25175, 2018) survey (2018)
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-1 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation c. 1930 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 402 N. Center Street Building (residence) (#25213, 2018) survey (2018) c. 1940 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 408 N. Main Street Building (residence) (#25218, 2018) survey (2018) Phillips House No. 2 (#25219, No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 424 N. Main Street Building (residence) 2018) survey (2018) Phillips House No. 2 No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 428 N. Main Street Building (residence) (#25220/25221, 2018) survey (2018) R.W. Burnett House (#31811, No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 117 W. Quitman Avenue Building (residence) 2018) survey (2018) c. 1935 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 103–105 N. Dean Street Building (residence) (#31816, 2018) survey (2018) Lee Public Library No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 312 W. Pacific Avenue Building (library) (#31823, 2018) survey (2018) Gladewater Savings & Loan No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 300 W. Pacific Avenue Building (bank) Association (#31824, 2018) survey (2018) Pritchett House No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 116 W. Quitman Building (residence) (#31862, 2018) survey (2018) c. 1950 commercial building No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 200 E. Upshur Avenue Building (office) (#31873, 2018) survey (2018) c. 1925 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 212 N. Center Street Building (residence) (#31876, 2018) survey (2018) c. 1940 commercial building No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 317 N. Main Street Building (commercial) (#31911, 2018) survey (2018) c. 1950 commercial building No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 418 W. Upshur Avenue Building (commercial) (#31931, 2018) survey (2018) c. 1940 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 305 Tenery Street Building (residence) (#31935, 2018) survey (2018) c. 1960 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 308 E. Commerce Street Building (residence) (#31977, 2018) survey (2018) c. 1930 commercial building No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 201–207 W. Commerce Street Building (commercial) (#31988, 2018) survey (2018) c. 1930 commercial building No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 103 S. Dean Street Building (commercial) (#31989, 2018) survey (2018) c. 1900 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 303 W. Commerce Street Building (residence) (#32003, 2018) survey (2018) W.B. Walker Building, Leake Clinic No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 200 S. Dean Street Building (commercial) (#32008, 2018) survey (2018)
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-2 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation Dixie Motel No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 328 S. Tyler Street Building (motel) (#32079/32084, 2018) survey (2018) Res-More Courts No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 700–704 W. Upshur Avenue Building (motel) (#55902-55905, 2018) survey (2018) c. 1935 residence (#101557, No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 211–213 N. Ferry Street Building (residence) 2018) survey (2018) Godfrey House No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 416 S. Tyler Street Building (residence) (#201994, 2018) survey (2018) Dr. E. L. and Nannie Lewis Walker OTHM; Recorded Texas Historic North Gladewater House 214 E. Commerce Avenue Building (residence) Landmark (RTHL); neighborhood (G-1, 1985; #31978, 2018)1 survey (1985, 2018) Unnamed (and undated) Building (commercial No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater residence and store 114 E. Commerce and residence) survey (1985) (G-2, 1985) No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater Movie Theater (G-3, 1985) 108 E. Commerce Building (theater) survey (1985) K. Wolens Shoe Store No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 106 E. Commerce Building (commercial) (G-4, 1985) survey (1985) K. Wolens 1930s commercial No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater building 102–104 E. Commerce Building (commercial) survey (1985, 2018) (G-5, 1985; #31979, 2018) Undated commercial building No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 117–123 W. Commerce Building (commercial) (G-6, 1985) survey (1985) c. 1900 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 217 W. Commerce Building (residence) (G-7, 1986) survey (1986) Undated residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 301 W. Commerce Building (residence) (G-8, 1986) survey (1986) Lone Star Feed and Fertilizer (G-9, No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 311 W. Commerce Building (commercial) 1986) survey (1986) U.S. Post Office No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 101 Dean Street Building (post office) (G-10, 1985, #31815, 2018) survey (1985, 2018) Gregg County Community No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater Building 116 W. Pacific Avenue Building (civic) survey (1985, 2018) (G-11, 1985, #31802, 2018) Unnamed c. 1930 commercial No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater building 104, 106, and 108 Pacific Avenue Building (commercial) survey (1985) (G-12, 1985)
1 Site Number provided on survey forms for the 1986 Gregg County Historic Site Survey of Gladewater by Victor & Victor Consultants, Inc.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-3 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation Building No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater Texaco Station (G-13, 1985) W. Pacific and N. Main (service station) survey (1985) Quentex Building No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 101 E. Pacific Street (G-14, 1985; #31792, 2018) (commercial/office) survey (1985, 2018) No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater Texas Rents (G-15, 1985) 119 E. Pacific Avenue Building (commercial) survey (1985) Stan’s Hardware No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 112 S. Main Street Building (commercial) (G-16, 1985) survey (1985) Medical Arts Building No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 202 S. Main Street Building (commercial) (G-17, 1985) survey (1985) B & C Furniture Company (G-18, No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 222 S. Main Street Building (commercial) 1985; #32022, 2018) survey (1985, 2018) Masonic Lodge No. 852 AF & AM Building (fraternal OTHM; neighborhood survey North Gladewater 215 N. Dean Street (#31846, 2018) meeting hall) (1985, 2018) c. 1935 apartment building (G-19, Building (apartment OTHM; neighborhood survey North Gladewater 215 S. Dean Street 1985; #32027, 2018) building/ hotel) (1985, 2018) c. 1900 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 207 S. Center Street Building (residence) (G-20, 1985; #32046, 2018) survey (1985, 2018) c. 1940 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 116 E. Glade Avenue Building (residence) (G-21, 1985; #32031, 2018) survey (1985, 2018) c. 1940 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 201 N. Tenery (Spring) Building (residence) (G-22, 1985) survey (1985) Children’s Clinic No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 203 Ferry Street Building (medical clinic) (G-23, 1985) survey (1985) c. 1920 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 207 Ferry Street Building (residence) (G-24, 1985) survey (1985) First United Methodist Church of OTHM; neighborhood survey North Gladewater Gladewater 217 W. Quitman Avenue Building (church) (1985, 2018) (G-25, 1985, #31818, 2018) c. 1940 apartment building (G-26, Building (multi-family No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 113 Dean Street 1985) residence) survey (1985) c. 1920 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 117 Dean Street Building (residence) (G-27, 1985) survey (1985) H&H Beauty Supply/Petal Pusher No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater Flowers 111 and 113 N. Main Street Building (commercial) survey (1985) (G-28, 1985) No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater Carter Farms (G-30, 1985) SE corner of Quitman and Center Building (commercial) survey (1985)
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-4 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation Church of Christ (G-31, 1985, No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater Quitman and N. Center Building (religious) #31877, 2018) survey (1985, 2018) Broadway Elementary School No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater (G-32, 1985; #31880/ 31882, 235 E. Broadway Avenue Building (school) survey (1985, 2018) 2018) c. 1940 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 113 Quitman Building (residence) (G-33, 1985) survey (1985) c. 1935-1940 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 233 E. Broadway Avenue Building (residence) (G-34, 1985; #31879, 2018) survey (1985, 2018) c. 1940 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 100 N. Mill Street Building (residence) (G-35, 1985) survey (1985) c. 1920-1930 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 201 Upshur Avenue Building (residence) (G-36, 1985) survey (1985) c. 1940 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 314–316 Center Building (residence) (G-37, 1985, #25212, 2018) survey (1985, 2018) c. 1920-1930 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 309 N. Main Street Building (residence) (G-38, 1985; #31910, 2018) survey (1985, 2018) c. 1930 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 401 N. Main Street Building (residence) (G-39, 1985; #31955, 2018) survey (1985, 2018) Foshee Family Homestead (G-40, OTHM, neighborhood survey North Gladewater 409 N. Main Street Building (residence) 1985; #31959, 2018) (1985, 2018) Ice House No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 436 N. Main Street Building (ice house) (G-41, 1985; #984192, 2018) survey (1985, 2018) c. 1920 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 213 Dean Street Building (residence) (G-42, 1985) survey (1985) c. 1930-1940 rental cottages Building (rental No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 210, 211, and 214 Dean Street (G-43, 1985) cottages) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater c. 1920 residence (G-44, 1985) 216 Dean Street Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater Moser Nichols Clinic (G-45, 1985) 304 Cotton Street Building (commercial) survey (1985) First Presbyterian Church (G-46, No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 310 Cotton Street Building (religious) 1985) survey (1985) First Christian Church No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 309 Cotton Street Building (religious) (G-47, 1985) survey (1985) c. 1935-1940 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 201 N. Woodrow Building (residence) (G-48, 1985) survey (1985) c. 1935-1940 residence No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 703 Melba Building (residence) (G-49, 1985) survey (1985)
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-5 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation Gladewater Junior and Senior Corner of W. Melba Avenue and No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater High School (G-50, 1985; #72436; Building (school) Wood Street survey (1985, 2018) 72442, 2018) Richard Fenton Gymnasium Building (school No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater Virginia Drive (#19045, 2018) gymnasium) survey (2018) Home and Garden Power Center No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 114 S. Main Building (commercial) (G-51, 1985) survey (1985) c. 1930 commercial building No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 204 and 206 S. Main Street Building (commercial) (G-52, 1985) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater Rozelle’s Ceramics (G-53, 1985) 218 and 222 Pacific Avenue Building (commercial) survey (1985) T.W. Lee Apartments Building (multi-family No designation, neighborhood North Gladewater 800 E. Broadway Avenue (G-63, 1985; #14774, 2018) residence) survey (1985, 2018) Gladewater Armstrong House Old Longview Highway and Shell No designation, neighborhood North Building (residence) vicinity (G-58, 1985) Camp Road survey (1985) Gladewater One mile west of Gladewater on US North Gladewater Marker OTHM vicinity 80 Gladewater Anderson (White) Barn Building (barn/multi- No designation, neighborhood North 503 S. Tyler Road vicinity (G-64, 1985; #15095, 2018) family residence) survey (1986, 2018) North Judson Judson Cemetery Antler Road and FM 1844 Cemetery No designation North Judson vicinity Alpine Presbyterian Church 4102 Tryon Road Marker OTHM US 259 north, near Upshur County North Judson vicinity George Cemetery Cemetery No designation Line Pleasant Hill CME Church North of intersection of SH 449 and North Judson vicinity Cemetery No designation Cemetery FM 2751 Sherman Chapel Church North Judson vicinity US 259 at intersection with SH 449 Cemetery No designation Cemetery Summerfield Methodist Tryon Road, between SH 259 and North Judson vicinity Cemetery No designation Cemetery (2 separate sections) Judson Road Hwy 1650 west of Hwy 26, north of No designation, neighborhood North Judson vicinity Cabiness House (GW-1)2 Building (residence) Judson survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood North Judson vicinity B.B. Fenton House (GW-2) Hwy 259 Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood North Judson vicinity G.R. Dunbar House (GW-3) Hwy 259 Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood North Judson vicinity T.J. Dunbar House (GW-4) Hwy 259 at Brown Road Building (residence) survey (1985)
2 Site Number provided on survey forms for the 1986 Gregg County Historic Site Survey of Gladewater by Victor & Victor Consultants, Inc.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-6 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation Mamie Benson House No designation, neighborhood North Judson vicinity Mackey Road and Hwy 259 Building (residence) (GW-5) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood North Judson vicinity I.N. Stephens Store (GW-6) Mackey Road at Bigwood Road Building (commercial) survey (1985) c. 1940 farm complex No designation, neighborhood North Judson vicinity Mackey Road at Bigwood Road Building (farm complex) (GW-7) survey (1985) North Longview vicinity Alpine Cemetery Sam Page Road near Eastman Road Cemetery No designation North Longview vicinity First Baptist Church of Judson 2038 FM 1844 north of Longview Marker OTHM Shiloh (Longview No designation, neighborhood North D.M. Brown House (L-300) 3 Longview vicinity Building (residence) vicinity) survey (1985) One mile west of FM 1845 (Pine Shiloh (Longview (Site of) Shiloh School OTHM; neighborhood survey North Tree Road) on Shiloh Road, west of Marker/site vicinity) (L-301) (1985) Shiloh Baptist Church Shiloh (Longview Shiloh Baptist Church One mile west of FM 1845 (Pine Marker/ Building OTHM; neighborhood survey North vicinity) (L-302) Tree Road) on Shiloh Road (church) (1985) H.E. Hamm House No designation, neighborhood North Warren City Warren City Building (farm complex) (G-54, 1985) survey (1985) c. 1930 residence No designation, neighborhood North Warren City South Texas Street Building (residence) (G-55, 1985) survey (1985) J.D. Bozman House No designation, neighborhood North Warren City South Texas Street Building (residence) (G-56, 1985) survey (1985) Corner of US 80 West and White North White Oak Cherokee Trace Marker OTHM Oak Road North White Oak White Oak Baptist Church 117 North White Oak Road Marker OTHM North White Oak White Oak Cemetery North of US 80 on Bingham Road Cemetery No designation No designation, neighborhood North White Oak Moncrief House (L-303)4 White Oak Road and Hwy 80 Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood North White Oak V.E. Blackstone House (L-304) 501 N. White Oak Road Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood North White Oak Roger Carr House (L-305) 111 E. Bingham Road Building (residence) survey (1985) White Oak Independent School OTHM, neighborhood survey North White Oak District/ White Oak High School 100 North White Oak Road Marker (1985) (Judy C. Meredith Building), L-306 No designation, neighborhood North White Oak c. 1930 residence (L-307) 201 Stewart Building (residence) survey (1985)
3 Site Number provided on survey forms for the 1986 Gregg County Historic Site Survey of Gladewater by Victor & Victor Consultants, Inc. 4 Site Number provided on survey forms for the 1986 Gregg County Historic Site Survey of Gladewater by Victor & Victor Consultants, Inc.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-7 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation No designation, neighborhood North White Oak c. 1930 residence (L-308) 104 Tuttle Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood North White Oak Linda Stewart House (L-309) 206 Tuttle Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood North White Oak c. 1930 residence (L-310) 1302 N. White Oak Road Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood North White Oak Ethel’s Store (L-311) White Oak Road and Whatley Road Building (commercial) survey (1985) Total Number of Previously Surveyed Resources, North Survey Area = 128
Local Marker (West Gladewater South of Gladewater on S. Tyler Southwest Shepperd Heritage House Gladewater Historical No designation vicinity Street (US 271) Society) South of Gladewater off Hwy 135 Gladewater Southwest Wood Cemetery near intersection of Country Club Cemetery No designation vicinity Road and Morrison Road Mt. Sylvan Cemetery Near intersection of SH 31 and FM Southwest Liberty City vicinity Marker/Cemetery HTC (Glover Cemetery) 2767 Gregg County River Road at Sabine Southwest White Oak vicinity Sabine River Off Shore Wells Marker OTHM River Bridge, near SH 42 Near intersection of Hwy 42 and Southwest White Oak vicinity Sabine Valley Cemetery Cemetery No designation Camp Switch Road North of IH 20 off Hwy 135 (turn Southwest Liberty City vicinity Strong Memorial Cemetery east on Peavine Road, just past Cemetery No designation Hardy Street, turn left on oil road) One mile north of IH 20 on Old Southwest Kilgore vicinity Liberty City Gladewater Road (Old Highway Marker OTHM 135), four miles north of Kilgore Northwest of Kilgore, off SH 135 on OTHM; Historic Texas Cemetery Southwest Kilgore vicinity Mt. Pleasant Cemetery Mt. Pleasant Road, 0.5 miles south Marker/Cemetery (HTC) of IH 20 No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore vicinity Haley’s BBQ (KW-1)5 FM 2767, North of Hwy 31 Building (commercial) survey (1986) FM 2767 between Hwy 31 and FM No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore vicinity c. 1956 building (KW-2) Building (residence) 3053 survey (1986) Goforth Road 0.5 miles east of Mt. No designation, neighborhood Southwest Liberty City vicinity c. 1900 residence (KW-3) Building (residence) Pisgah Road survey (1985)
5 Site Number provided on survey forms for the 1986 Gregg County Historic Site Survey of Gladewaterc of the Kilgore NW quadrant by Victor & Victor Consultants, Inc.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-8 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation Mt. Moriah Baptist Church Goforth Road, west of Mt. Pisgah No designation, neighborhood Southwest Liberty City vicinity Building (church) (KW-4) Road survey (1985) West Point Community Center West Point Road, 1.25 miles west of No designation, neighborhood Southwest Liberty City vicinity Building (school) (KW-6) Liberty City Road survey (1985) Goforth Road, 0.5 miles east of FM Building (residence and No designation, neighborhood Southwest Liberty City vicinity Melvin Waldon House (KW-9) 3053 farm) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Liberty City vicinity c. 1930 residence (KW-10) Goforth Road, 1.25 west of FM 3053 Building (residence) survey (1985) Cemetery/site [inventory form states (Mount) Moriah cemetery, site of West of Hwy 135 on Goforth Road nearby slave cemetery No designation, neighborhood Southwest Liberty City vicinity Moriah Church and Liberty City Road marked by cedar trees survey (1985) (KW-12) destroyed during oil boom] John H. Wilkins Home Hwy 135, west of Kilgore, south of Building (residence and No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore vicinity (KW-13) Goforth Road farm) survey (1985) John Wilkins House FM 12326 (One mile west of Liberty No designation, neighborhood Southwest Liberty City vicinity Building (residence) (KW-15) City) survey (1985) FM 1252 (One mile west of Liberty No designation, neighborhood Southwest Liberty City vicinity John Winston P. Smith (KW-16) Building (residence) City) survey (1985) FM 1252 (1.5 miles west of Liberty No designation, neighborhood Southwest Liberty City vicinity Earl Smith House (KW-17) Building (residence) City) survey (1985) William Walker House Old Kilgore Hwy, north of Swamp No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore vicinity Building (residence) (KW-18) City Road survey (1985) 4.5 miles south of Gladewater on Gladewater Rock Springs Cemetery (KW-19, No designation, neighborhood Southwest Old Highway 135 south of Country Cemetery vicinity 1985; #11107/ 187541, 2018) survey (1985, 2018) Club Road (next to schoolhouse) 4.5 miles south of Gladewater on Gladewater Rock Springs Schoolhouse Old Hwy 135 south of Country Club OTHM, RTHL, neighborhood Southwest Building (former school) vicinity (KW-19, 1985; #11106, 2018) Road (next to Rock Springs survey (1985, 2018) Cemetery) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore vicinity Rock Front Tavern (KW-20) SH 3135 and FM 2207 Building (tavern) survey (1985) Building (residence and No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore vicinity Dr. Crews House (KW-21) SH 135 at Crews Road farm) survey (1985) Robert Wilkins House Southeast corner of Hwy 135 and No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore vicinity Building (residence) (KW-22) Wilkins Road survey (1985)
6 Verify address – this may have been encoded incorrectly on the 1985 Survey Form
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-9 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation c. 1930 residence Southwest corner of FM 2207 and No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore vicinity Building (residence) (KW-23) FM 1252 survey (1985) Marion Gregory Grocery Store Building (commercial/ No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore vicinity FM 1252 and Fritz Swanson Road (KW-24) residence) survey (1985) Elder School [Shell Oil Company Hwy 31, 0.5 miles west of Hwy 135, No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore vicinity Building (school) Camp School] (KW-27) Tyler Hwy survey (1985) Gladewater Street and Shell Camp Building (residence and No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore vicinity J.B. Watson Farm (KW-28) Road farm) survey (1985) City Park, 600 block of East North Southwest Kilgore Allis-Chalmers Pumps Marker OTHM Street Southwest Kilgore Driller Park Commerce and Hunter Streets Marker OTHM Southwest Kilgore Kilgore US 259 at Kilgore Street Marker OTHM Southwest Kilgore Kilgore “Oil City of the World” US 259 at Kilgore Street Marker OTHM Commerce Street at Memorial Southwest Kilgore Kilgore City Cemetery Cemetery No designation Street Kilgore Colored and C.B. Dansby Southwest Kilgore 630 Bates Street Marker OTHM Schools Southwest Kilgore New Deal Era in Kilgore 300 block of North Street Marker/site (park) OTHM Margaret’s Consignment House No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 206 N. Commerce Building (commercial) (K-1)7 survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1900 commercial building (K-2) 202 N. Commerce Building (commercial) survey (1985) Kilgore I&GN-Missouri Pacific Marker/Building (train OTHM; No designation, Southwest Kilgore Railroad Station 201 N. Commerce station) neighborhood survey (1985) (K-3) Northeast corner of N. Commerce Marker/site OTHM; No designation, Southwest Kilgore World’s Richest Acre (K-4) and Main (commemorative plaza) neighborhood survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 1904 residence (K-5) 418 N. Kilgore Street Building (residential) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Old Kilgore City Hall (K-6) 325 N. Kilgore Street Building (city offices) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Texas State Optical (K-7) 211 N. Kilgore Street Building (commercial) survey (1985) Kilgore Vacuum Center No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 209 N. Kilgore Street Building (commercial) (K-8) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Hargrave’s Appliance (K-9) 201 N. Kilgore Street Building (commercial) survey (1985)
7 Site Number provided on survey forms for the 1986 Gregg County Historic Site Survey of Gladewater by Victor & Victor Consultants, Inc.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-10 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation No designation, National Register Masonic Lodge Building Building (fraternal Southwest Kilgore Kilgore and North Street Survey (1979); neighborhood (K-10) meeting hall) survey (1985) c. 1930 commercial building No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 117, 119, and 121 N. Kilgore Street Building (commercial) (K-11) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Pioneer Drugs (K-12) 118 N. Kilgore Street Building (commercial) survey (1985) c. 1930 commercial building No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 113-115 N. Kilgore Street Building (commercial) (K-13) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Crim Office Building (K-14) 111 N. Kilgore Street Building (commercial) survey (1985) Action Appliance and Furniture No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 109 N. Kilgore Street Building (commercial) Rental (K-15) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore The Fashion Shop (K-16) 107 N. Kilgore Street Building (commercial) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Kenwin Shop (K-17) 105 N. Kilgore Street Building (commercial) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Rho’s Hallmark (K-18) 101 N. Kilgore Street Building (commercial) survey (1985) Junior Hall/Longhorn Drug/The No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 100 N. Kilgore Street Building (commercial) Toggery (K-19) survey (1985) No designation, National Register Southwest Kilgore Crim Theater (K-20) 112 S. Kilgore Street Building (theater) Survey (1979); neighborhood survey (1985) Kilgore Credit Bureau No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 116 S. Kilgore Street Building (offices) (K-21) survey (1985) Kilgore National Bank Building RTHL; neighborhood survey Southwest Kilgore 118 S. Kilgore Street Building (bank) (K-22) (1985) No designation, National Register Southwest Kilgore Texan Theater (K-20) 200 S. Kilgore Street Building (theater) Survey (1979); neighborhood survey (1985) No designation, National Register Building (post office); Southwest Kilgore Post Office (K-24) includes murals 201 S. Kilgore Street Survey (1979); neighborhood Art survey (1985) Cherokee Hardware Building No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 114 S. Rusk Building (commercial) (K-25) survey (1985) c. 1930-1940 commercial building No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 116 S. Rusk Building (commercial) (K-26) survey (1985)
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-11 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore J.S.Y. Building (K-27) 108 S. Rusk Building (commercial) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1900 residence (K-28) 202 S. Martin Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Alvin Hotel & Bar (K-29) 200 E. North Street Building (commercial) survey (1985) Sunday Publication Inc. No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 211 E. North Street Building (commercial) (K-30) survey (1985) Undated commercial building No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 309 E. North Street Building (commercial) (K-31) survey (1985) OTHM; RTHL(?);8 neighborhood Southwest Kilgore (site of) Alexander Institute (K-32) 315 E. North Street Marker/site survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore JCPenney store (K-33) 100 E. Main Street Building (commercial) survey (1985) Gray’s Books, Gifts, Sporting No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 110 E. Main Street Building (commercial) Goods (K-34) survey (1985) No designation, Texas Historic Furniture Store Southwest Kilgore 200–208 E. Main Street Building (commercial) Sites Inventory (1982); (K-35 and K-38) neighborhood survey (1985) Mac’s Trophy Case and The No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 210 E. Main Street Building (commercial) Greenery (K-36) survey (1985) Gregg’s Flowers and Gifts/ Entex No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 211 E. Main Street Building (commercial) (K-37) survey (1985) No designation, Texas Historic Southwest Kilgore White’s Auto Store 212 East Main Street Building (commercial) Sites Inventory (1982) Johnny’s Shoe Store/George No designation, Texas Historic Southwest Kilgore 216 East Main Street Building (commercial) Jewelers Sites Inventory (1982) No designation, Texas Historic Southwest Kilgore George’s Pawn & Gun Shop 218 East Main Street Building (commercial) Sites Inventory (1982) No designation, Texas Historic Southwest Kilgore Mode O’ Day 220 East Main Street Building (commercial) Sites Inventory (1982) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Wicki Building (K-39) 222 E. Main Street Building (commercial) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Maness Furniture (K-40) 306 N. Main Street Building (commercial) survey (1985) Singer Sales and Service No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 310 E. Main Street Building (commercial) (K-41) survey (1985)
8 Although the 1985 survey form notes this is an RTHL, the THC records note that a subject marker application was filed for this location, but the site was never designated an RTHL.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-12 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Realty World (K-42) 312 E. Main Street Building (commercial) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore B&W Frame Shop (K-43) 314 E. Main Street Building (commercial) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Allied Texas Bank (K-44) 301 E. Main Street Building (commercial) survey (1985) St. Luke’s United Methodist RTHL; neighborhood survey Southwest Kilgore 401 E. Main Street Building (church) Church (K-45) (1985) Building (auto No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Dusty Rhodes Ford (K-46) E. Main Street showroom) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Trailways Station (K-47) E. South Street Building (bus station) survey (1985) 300 Knowles, southeast corner of No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Laird House (K-48) Building (residence) Knowles and Rusk survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Laird Building (K-49) 116 N. Kilgore Street Building (commercial) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore A.P. Noyes House (K-51) 1201 Brook Drive Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Foster Bean House (K-52) 1209 Brook Drive Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 1931 residence (K-53) 1213 Brook Drive Building (residence) survey (1985) c. 1931-1932 residence No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 1215 Brook Drive Building (residence) (K-54) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Dr. Routon House (K-55) 1202 Houston Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Old Methodist Parsonage (K-56) 1010 Meadow Avenue Building (residence) survey (1985) John Rhinehart House No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 1201 Pine Street Building (residence) (K-57) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Orian Elder House (K-58) 1208 Pine Street Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Sam Russell House (K-59) 1230 Pine Street Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Kenneth Wickham House (K-60) 1217 Houston Street Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Thomas P. Spurlock House (K-61) 1219 Houston Street Building (residence) survey (1986)
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-13 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Thelma Trich House (K-62) 1212 Oak Street Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1940 residence (K-63) 1217 Myrtle Building (residence) survey (1985) c. 1922-1935 residence No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 239 Myrtle Building (residence) (K-64) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1930 residence (K-65) 804 Crim Avenue Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore The Goldman House (K-66) 919 Crim Avenue Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 1933 residence (K-67) Crim Avenue Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1935 residence (K-68) 517 Ross Avenue Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Dream House (K-69) 1101 E. South Street Building (residence) survey (1985) Nolen and Martin (southeast No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Christian Science Society (K-70) Building (church) corner) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Pirtle St. Apostolic Church (K-71) 810 Houston Building (church) survey (1985) Kilgore Heights Elementary No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore E. Houston and South Streets Building (school) School (K-72) survey (1986) Building (multi-family No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1930 duplex (K-73) 708–710 Houston Street residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1930-1940 residence (K-74) 712 Houston Street Building (residence) survey (1986) Building (fraternal No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Masonic Temple (K-75) Broadway at Houston meeting hall) survey (1985) RTHL; neighborhood survey Southwest Kilgore Kilgore Public Library (K-76) 301 N. Henderson Boulevard Building (library) (1986) Kilgore College Administration Building (education, RTHL; neighborhood survey Southwest Kilgore 1101 S. Henderson Boulevard Building (K-77) office) (1985) Building (multi-family No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1940 residence (K-78) 1104–1106 Andrews Street residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore John W. Russell House (K-79) 1117 Andrews Street Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1940 residence (K-80) 711 Bagwell Street Building (residence) survey (1986)
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-14 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1930 residence (K-81) 715 Bagwell Street Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1930 residence (K-82) 723–725 Bagwell Street Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1930 residence (K-83) 729 Bagwell Street Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1930 residence (K-84) 731 Bagwell Street Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Brown House (K-85) 1005 Dudley Road Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, National Register Southwest Kilgore Crim House 1029 Dudley Road Building (residence) Survey (1979) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1900 residence (K-86) W. Gladewater and Hwy 135 Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Porter Griffin House (K-87) 101 N. Griffin Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1933 residence (K-88) 115 N. Griffin Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore J. Malcolm Crim House (K-89) Henderson Boulevard Building (residence) survey (1986) Building (residence, No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Fuller’s Antiques (K-90) 221 Henderson Boulevard commercial) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Elder House (K-91) 209 Henderson Boulevard Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore St. Paul’s Episcopal Church (K-92) 321 Henderson Boulevard Building (church) survey (1986) Building (residence, No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Landes House (K-93) Henderson Boulevard demolished) survey (1986) Henderson Blvd at Dudley, Building (medical No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Dr. Downs’ Offices (K-94) northeast corner offices) survey (1986) c. 1900-1910 residence No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 825 Kings Hwy Building (residence) (K-95) survey (1986) c. 1920-1930 residence No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 312 Knowles Building (residence) (K-96) survey (1986) Skipper-Barnett House No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 410 E. Knowles Building (residence) (K-97) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore L.C. Bolt House (K-98) Lantrip at Fritz Swanson Building (residence) survey (1986)
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-15 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation RTHL; neighborhood survey Southwest Kilgore Dean-Keener-Crim House (K-99) 101 E. Lantrip Street Building (residence) (1986) c. 1935-1940 residence No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 413 E. Lantrip Street Building (residence) (K-100) survey (1986) J. Malcolm Crim House No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 108 Lawrence Building (residence) (K-101) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 1935 residence (K-102) 200 Lawrence Building (residence) survey (1986) c. 1900-1910 residence No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 500 Leake Street Building (residence) (K-103) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1870 residence (K-104) 219 N. Longview Building (residence) survey (1986) c. 1890-1910 residence No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 300 N. Longview Building (residence) (K-105) survey (1986) (Keener)-Crim House Building (residence), Southwest Kilgore 201 North Longview Street RTHL;9 OTHM (Lou Della Crim), (K-106) Marker No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1890 residence (K-107) 305 N. Longview Street Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 1942 residence (K-108) 609 N. Longview Street Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 1918 residence (K-109) 913 N. Longview Street Building (residence) survey (1986) Marker/ Building OTHM, neighborhood survey Southwest Kilgore Kilgore High School (K-110) 711 North Longview Street (school) (1986) Eastview Baptist Church No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore N. Longview Street at Beall & Rogge Building (church) (K-111) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1900 residence (K-112) 215 S. Longview Street Building (residence) survey (1986) c. 1930-1940 duplex Building (multi-family No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 412 S. Martin Street (K-113) residence) survey (1986) c. 1930-1940 residence No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 414 S. Martin Street Building (residence) (K-114) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1930 residence (K-115) 500 S. Martin Street Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1930 residence (K-116) 504 S. Martin Street Building (residence) survey (1986)
9 Although the 1985 survey form notes this is an RTHL, THC records indicate an RTHL application was submitted for this residence, but was not approved. The reviewers at the time stated the building did not meet the 50-year threshold for designation at the time of the application and the building did not possess sufficient architectural merit.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-16 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation Building (multi-family No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1930 duplex (K-117) 705–707 S. Martin Street residence) survey (1986) c. 1920-1930 residence No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 607 S. Martin Street Building (residence) (K-118) survey (1986) First Christian Church No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 609 E. Main Street Building (church) (K-119) survey (1986) Annex – First Christian Church Building (residence, No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 609 E. Main Street (K-120) church) survey (1986) First Presbyterian Church of RTHL; neighborhood survey Southwest Kilgore 815 E. Main Street Building (church) Kilgore (K-121) (1986) First Baptist Church of Kilgore Marker; building OTHM; neighborhood survey Southwest Kilgore 501 E. North Street (K-122) (church) (1986) Ralph Ferguson House No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 1223 E. North Street Building (residence) (K-123) survey (1986) c. 1880-1890 residence No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 502 W. North Street Building (residence) (K-124) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1930 residence (K-125) 702 E. North Street Building (residence) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 1936 residence (K-126) 704 E. North Street Building (residence) survey (1986) c. 1930-1940 residence No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 600 E. North Street Building (residence) (K-127) survey (1986) c. 1930-1940 residence No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 708 Richards Building (residence) (K-128) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1900 residence (K-129) 307 E. Sabine Street Building (residence) survey (1986) c. 1935-1940 residence No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 326 E. South Street Building (residence) (K-130) survey (1986) Herman Leath House No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 412 E. South Street Building (residence) (K-131) survey (1986) No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore c. 1930 residence (K-133) 601 E. South Street Building (residence) survey (1986) c. 1930-1940 residence No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 313 Spear Street Building (residence) (K-135) survey (1986) c. 1930-1940 residence No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 401 Spear Street Building (residence) (K-136) survey (1986) c. 1930-1940 residence No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore 400 Spear Street Building (residence) (K-137) survey (1986)
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-17 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation No designation, neighborhood Southwest Kilgore Dudley House (K-138) 2903 Dudley Road Building (residence) survey (1986) Total Number of Previously Surveyed Resources, Southwest Survey Area = 176
Danville Road, next to Danville Southeast Kilgore vicinity Danville Cemetery Cemetery No designation Methodist Church Northeast corner of FM 2087 at Southeast Kilgore vicinity Fredonia Townsite, old Marker OTHM access road to IH 20 Two miles south of IH 20 on FM Southeast Lakeport vicinity Grable Cemetery Marker OTHM; HTC 2011, near CR 349 West side of FM 2011 between FM Southeast Lakeport vicinity Peatown Cemetery Cemetery No designation 2204 and Hwy 349 Four miles south of IH 20 on FM Southeast Lakeport vicinity Peatown Christian Church Marker OTHM 2011 On Estes Parkway, west side, just Southeast Longview vicinity Perry-Clay Cemetery Cemetery No designation south of IH 20 Just south of Hwy 149 on Old Southeast Lakeport vicinity Post Oak Union Cemetery Cemetery No designation Easton Road North side of Utzman Road, west of Southeast Kilgore vicinity Utzman Cemetery FM 2276, one mile north of FM Cemetery No designation 2204 Near intersection of Hwy 149 and Southeast Lakeport vicinity Wilson Cemetery Cemetery No designation Hwy 322 on Astronaut Drive West side of FM 2963, just south of Southeast Lakeport vicinity Wyche Cemetery Cemetery No designation Hwy 239 Near intersection of SH 149 and SH Southeast Easton vicinity Camden Cemetery Cemetery No designation 349 S. Main Street, south of Richards Southeast Easton vicinity Kennedy Gardens Cemetery Cemetery No designation Street and north of Regress Lane Southeast Lakeport vicinity Ned Williams School Near Hwy 349 on CR 2953 Marker Local subject marker Near intersection of Hwy 149 and Southeast Easton vicinity Prothro Cemetery Cemetery No designation Pegues Road Gregg County Airport Terminal Building (airport No designation, neighborhood Southeast Lakeport vicinity SH 322 at FM 2204 (T-1)10 terminal) survey (1985) Building (residence and No designation, neighborhood Southeast Lakeport vicinity Jerry Lucy House (T-2) Lucy Road, south of the airport farm) survey (1985)
10 Site Number provided on survey forms for the 1986 Gregg County Historic Site Survey of the Tatum quadrant by Victor & Victor
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-18 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation Pleasant Green Baptist Church OTHM; neighborhood survey Southeast Lakeport vicinity 9270 FM 349 Marker (T-4) (1985) Hwy 349, 0.75 miles west of Hwy No designation, neighborhood Southeast Lakeport vicinity c. 1930 residence (T-5) Building (residence) 322 survey (1985) Northeast corner of Hwy 349 and No designation, neighborhood Southeast Lakeport vicinity c. 1920-193 residence (T-6) Building (residence) Pleasant Green Road survey (1985) Undated unnamed residence Pleasant Green Road, 0.5 miles No designation, neighborhood Southeast Lakeport vicinity Building (residence) (T-7) north of Hwy 349 survey (1985) Head’s Farm and Ranch Supply Northwest corner of Hwy 349 and No designation, neighborhood Southeast Lakeport vicinity Building (farm complex) (T-8) Hwy 322 survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southeast Lakeport vicinity Carl Estes Farm (T-9) Hwy 149 Building (farm complex) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southeast Lakeport vicinity Cherokee Drive In (T-10) Hwy 149 Building (theater) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southeast Kilgore vicinity Danville School (KNE-1) 11 Intersection of FM 2087 and FM 349 Building (school) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southeast Kilgore vicinity c. 1920-1930 residence (KNE-2) 2612 Danville Road Building (residence) survey (1985) Intersection of FM 2204 and FM No designation, neighborhood Southeast Kilgore vicinity Holt Farm (KNE-3) Building (farm complex) 2276 survey (1985) Located on FM 349, one-mile east of Hwy 2276 before razed (historical Robertson Place (Robertson Marker/Building OTHM; neighborhood survey Southeast Kilgore vicinity marker is housed at the Gregg House, KNE-4) (residence) (1985) County Historical Museum, 214 North Fredonia Street) No designation, neighborhood Southeast Kilgore vicinity c. 1930 residence (KNE-5) NE Kilgore quadrant Building (residence) survey (1985) NW corner of intersection of FM No designation, neighborhood Southeast Lakeport vicinity c. 1890-1910 residence (KNE-6) Building (residence) 349 and FM 2011 survey (1985) SE corner of intersection of FM 349 No designation, neighborhood Southeast Lakeport vicinity George E. Cunyas (KNE-7) Building (residence) and FM 2011 survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southeast Kilgore vicinity 1905 residence (KNE-8) Frank Adams Road off FM 2011 Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southeast Kilgore vicinity July 1926 residence (KNE-9) FM 2087, 0.25 miles south of IH 20 Building (residence) survey (1985) Sparks-Chapman Road, 0.25 miles No designation, neighborhood Southeast Kilgore vicinity c. 1890-1910s residence (KNE-10) Building (residence) NW of Morris Road survey (1985)
11 Site Number provided on survey forms for the 1986 Gregg County Historic Site Survey of Gladewater of the Kilgore NE quadrant by Victor & Victor Consultants, Inc.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-19 APPENDIX C – PREVIOUSLY SURVEYED HISTORIC RESOURCES WITHIN GREGG COUNTY
Survey Area City / Vicinity Resource Name Address/Location Type Designation FM 2087 (Danville Road), 1.5 miles No designation, neighborhood Southeast Kilgore vicinity Gordon Gildart House (KNE-11) Building (residence) north of FM 2204 survey (1985) Country Kitchen Store & No designation, neighborhood Southeast Kilgore vicinity FM 2204 & FM 2087 Building (residence) Restaurant (KNE-12) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southeast Kilgore vicinity La Hacienda Restaurant (KNE-13) SH 259, one mile north of Hwy 349 Building (residence) survey (1985) No designation, neighborhood Southeast Kilgore vicinity Clark House (KNE-14) 3603 Hwy 259 Building (residence) survey (1985) William G. Morton House Off FM 1252, south of road, one No designation, neighborhood Southeast Kilgore vicinity Building (residence) (KNE-15) mile east of Hwy 42 survey (1985) FM 1252, 0.75 miles west of Hwy No designation, neighborhood Southeast Kilgore vicinity George Culver House (KNE-16) Building (residence) 259 survey (1985) Off Danville Road (FM 2087), four OTHM; RTHL (before building Gum Spring(s) Presbyterian Marker/Building Southeast Kilgore vicinity miles from Kilgore in Danville burned); neighborhood survey Church (New Danville), (KNE-17) (church) community (1985) Total Number of Previously Surveyed Resources, Southeast Survey Area = 56
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 C-20 APPENDIX D
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HISTORIC-AGE RESOURCES
APPENDIX D – GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HISTORIC-AGE RESOURCES
Appendix D – Geographic Distribution of Historic-Age Resources
In planning for future historic resources surveys, it is helpful to understand the geographic distribution of historic-age resources within the survey boundaries. There are several online tools that can help in this process. The Gregg County Appraisal District (CAD) maintains property information about parcels on Gregg County tax appraisal rolls (http://esearch.gcad.org). This information includes an estimated date of construction for buildings within the parcel and a recent deed history. Properties can be searched by address, owner name, or Property ID (parcel) number and can be used to develop a preliminary understanding of buildings within a specified survey area. Figure 1 provides an example of the property information sheet for the Kilgore National Bank Building at 118 S. Kilgore Street, Kilgore. The date of construction is given as 1941. A 1985 survey form for the building, however, notes an estimated date of construction as c. 1930, and the THC RTHL designation notes a date of 1937. While dates of construction provided in the Gregg CAD data may not be accurate, they can serve as a good starting point to the identification of historic-age resources.
Figure 1. Gregg County Appraisal District Property Information (Source: Gregg CAD property search website, http://esearch.gcad.org)
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 D-1
APPENDIX D – GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HISTORIC-AGE RESOURCES
Online tools maintained by the Texas Historical Commission (THC), the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), the National Park Service (NPS), and others exist to help in the preliminary research conducted to determine the level of documentation available per geographic areas. THC’s Texas Historic Sites Atlas (Atlas), https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/, can serve as the primary tool for the Gregg County Historical Commission (GCHC) in identifying previously evaluated historic properties. The Atlas features more than 300,000 site records, including data on Official Texas Historical Markers (OTHMs) and National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) properties in Texas. Also included are cemeteries, courthouses, museums, and sawmills across the state. You can search by keyword, county, address, historic designation, or site name to get instant access to detailed descriptions, historic photographs, and interactive maps. Figure 2 provides an example of the Atlas map search for Gregg County.
TxDOT also maintains an online tool for identifying previously evaluated historic properties within the state of Texas at http://maps.dot.state.tx.us/. The map is used for background studies on the presence or absence of known historic properties or districts in a project area. The map includes NRHP-listed historic properties and also identifies properties determined NRHP-eligible through the Section 106 compliance process. Figure 3 provides an example of the TxDOT map search for Gregg County.
Other helpful websites include:
• TxDOT’s Listed and Eligible Bridges of Texas map, https://txdot.maps.arcgis.com/ • National Register of Historic Places map, https://www.nps.gov/ • National Bridge Inventory database, https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/nbi/ascii.cfm
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 D-2
APPENDIX D – GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HISTORIC-AGE RESOURCES
Figure 2. THC’s Texas Historic Sites Atlas map for Gregg County, illustrating concentrations of previously designated historic properties and subject markers (Source: www.thc.texas.gov).
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 D-3
APPENDIX D – GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HISTORIC-AGE RESOURCES
Figure 3. TxDOT Historic Districts and Properties of Texas, interactive GIS map showing previously identified resources in Gregg County (Source: https://txdot.maps.arcgis.com/)
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 D-4 APPENDIX E
GREGG COUNTY HISTORIC CONTEXT
APPENDIX E – GREGG COUNTY HISTORIC CONTEXT
APPENDIX E – Gregg County Historic Context (Prepared for the Phase I Downtown Gladewater Historic Resources Survey. Document text is taken directly from the survey report and retains document formatting, starting with V. Historic Context)
V. HISTORIC CONTEXT
V.A Survey Area Overview
The survey area is located within downtown Gladewater, Texas, and includes the historic commercial and residential core of the city. The survey area is roughly bounded by W. Gregg Avenue on the north, Sabine Avenue on the south, S. Ferry and N. Tenery streets on the west, and N. Center Street and N. Mill on the east. A small number of non-contiguous resources within the vicinity, including the former Gladewater Junior and Senior High School, the Richard Fenton Gymnasium, and the former stadium; the former Res-More Courts; the T.W. Lee Apartments; a former housing court on US Hwy 80; Rosedale Cemetery; two African-American churches; the Rock Springs Schoolhouse and Cemetery; and a parcel on N. Main Street (US 271) with two former wooden box cars were also included in the survey area.
The survey area includes the original town limits of Gladewater as well as adjacent residential and commercial development from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although Gladewater extends across both Gregg and Upshur counties, the historic downtown of Gladewater is entirely within Gregg County. For the purposes of this survey effort, only Gladewater resources within Gregg County were evaluated.
The survey area is bisected by a railroad line extending northwest-southeast through downtown Gladewater between E. Commerce and E. Pacific avenues. The original town limits extended both northeast and southwest on either side of the tracks, and the original street grid developed along a northeastern axis to accommodate the railroad. S. Tyler and S. Main streets (US 271) extends southwest to northeast through the survey area. Upshur Avenue (US 80) also runs northwest to southeast through the survey area paralleling the railroad track. Most of the adjacent streets within the survey area are aligned on a rectangular grid (see Appendix C, Figure 3).
The history of Gladewater is intimately tied to the establishment of Gregg County in the 1870s and to prior mid-nineteenth century settlements that developed within the vicinity. As one of the smaller Texas counties and one that was created out of portions of earlier Upshur and Rusk counties, the history of Gregg County as a whole is significant to the development of Gladewater. For this reason, relevant development history throughout the county is addressed below for a broad regional framework to establish appropriate contexts for the city of Gladewater.
V.B. Colonial Texas and Republic Periods (ca. 1716–1845)
Spanish Rule (ca. 1716–1820)
The area that would become Gregg County was part of Spanish Texas in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Mission Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe de los Nacogdoches was established by the Spanish over 65 miles southeast (in the area of today’s Nacogdoches, Texas), but no permanent Spanish
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 E-1 APPENDIX E – GREGG COUNTY HISTORIC CONTEXT
settlements developed within the vicinity of present-day Gregg County. The area was primarily occupied by Caddo tribes that had been in the region as early as 800 A.D.1 With the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 the United States acquired extensive territory west of the Mississippi River from France. The boundary with Spanish Texas, however, was unclear and disputed, resulting in the establishment of a “neutral ground” east of the Sabine River until 1819.2
Mexican Rule (1821–1835)
With Mexican independence from Spanish rule in 1821, the area of present-day Gregg County was under Mexican rule. Several Mexican land grants were issued to Anglos, but very few settlers actually came to the region.3 In the early 1820s, Cherokees from the Western Cherokee Nation began moving into the region, including part of today’s Gregg County.4 Due to the presence of Native Americans, the heavily wooded and swampy terrain, lack of navigable roads, and better agricultural land to the south and west, Anglo settlement remained very limited.5 The only documented Anglo settlement in present- day Gregg County during this time was called Walling’s Ferry.6 Located on the south side of the Sabine River (at the current town of Easton), it was established by one of the area’s earliest settlers, John Walling. Walling received a Mexican land grant on both sides of the river and established the ferry crossing in the early 1830s.7 The area was later known as Camden.
Republic of Texas (1836–1845)
During the Republic period a number of earlier Mexican land grants were honored, and new grants were issued to encourage settlement.8, 9 By 1839, the Cherokees had been forced from the region, and Caddo tribes relocated near the Brazos River as large numbers of Anglo settlers immigrated in the 1840s.10, 11 A Native American trail, known as Cherokee Trace, extended northwest from the Sabine River through much of present-day Gregg County. The trail originated near Nacogdoches and continued north into the present states of Oklahoma and Arkansas.12 The trail was mapped as early as 1840 between the Sabine and Red rivers. 13 A remnant of a Native American settlement was identified on an 1850 plat for land acquired by S.S. Barnett. An area called “Big Head Village” was noted near the junction of Rabbit Creek and Big Head creeks (in today’s northeast Kilgore).14 Another nearby site was reportedly identified on an undated Barnett plat as “Indian Field.”15
Rusk County was established in 1843 and included part of today’s southern Gregg County. Cotton farms developed within Rusk County, and the Sabine River played a significant role in the transport of cotton by flatboats or rafts to markets in the southern United States. A small number of early settlements were established in the future southern portion of Gregg County during this time. Camden was established ca. 1844 in the previously noted area of Walling’s Ferry on the Sabine River. In addition to the ferry, Camden was also significant as a port for steamboat traffic on the Sabine River.16 The community of Fredonia was established by Haden Edwards around 1839 at the site of a river crossing known as Cotton’s Crossing.17 A THC marker commemorating the community is located near today’s Interstate 20 (I-20) and Farm-to-Market 2087 (FM 2087) intersection. Earpville was established by James Earp in the early 1840s and was located near today’s Alpine Road and US 80 intersection in Longview.18 Edwardsville, which later became known as Peatown, was another early community established in the mid-1840s in an area west of today’s East Texas Regional Airport.19 Settlers of the community of Pine Tree (located in today’s northwest Longview) established the Pine Tree Cumberland Presbyterian
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 E-2 APPENDIX E – GREGG COUNTY HISTORIC CONTEXT
Church in 1847, reportedly the earliest congregation in Gregg County.20 Finally, the settlement of Bethel was established slightly northeast of the future town of Gladewater.21
V.C. Early Settlement – Texas Statehood and the Civil War/Reconstruction (1846–1870)
Texas statehood in December 1845 spurred significant immigration from the southern United States. Upshur County was established in 1846, and the latter half of the 1840s brought large numbers of settlers, mostly from slave states. Large- and small-scale farms continued to develop in the southeast portion of today’s Gregg County, with cotton as the leading crop. Much of the area north of the Sabine River remained heavily wooded with little population growth. The Sabine River itself posed obstacles to northward development due to limited ferry crossings and frequent flooding.22 East-west expansion was improved with the development of the Marshall-Tyler Road north of the Sabine River. A stagecoach line along this route developed in the mid-1850s, and many small communities developed or expanded during this time of growth. 23 Table 2 below highlights these settlements.
Cotton farming continued as the primary agricultural industry through the 1850s and early 1860s. With the end of the Civil War and emancipation, large-scale farms began to be divided, but cotton remained an important resource among other crops.24 The lumber industry was emerging during this period but would grow significantly in the following decades. Several early settlements and communities were abandoned following the Civil War, including Camden and Fredonia.25 A number of African-American communities also developed during Reconstruction, often around a church congregation. Shiloh, north of White Oak, was established in 1871 with Shiloh Baptist Church.26 An area known as The Ridge or Freedman’s Ridge developed ca. 1870 south of Omega around the Pleasant Hill Christian Methodist Episcopal (CME) Church.27 A separate community of Fredonia (also known as Stumptoe) was established around the Fredonia Baptist Church slightly north of the earlier Fredonia settlement.28
V.D. Gregg County and the Railroad Era (1871–1910)
Significant changes occurred with the arrival of the railroads and the development of Gregg County in the 1870s (see Illustration 1). Prior to the Civil War, existing railroad lines ended at Marshall, Texas, in neighboring Harrison County.29 In 1871, westward expansion of the railroad was initiated. The Southern Pacific Railroad (an early Texas railway company not to be confused with the later trans-continental Southern Pacific) extended a line west from Marshall in 1871.30 A depot was not constructed within the existing community of Earpville, but land for a new town was purchased from an early area settler Ossamus Hitch Methvin, Sr., and the new community of Longview was established with a railroad depot that same year.31 Railroad companies often opted to circumvent existing communities for the establishment of new towns and depots because it provided greater real estate and business opportunities for the railroad.32
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 E-3 APPENDIX E – GREGG COUNTY HISTORIC CONTEXT
Illustration 1. Cousins, R.H. Gregg County Map. April 1874. University of North Texas Libraries. The Portal to Texas History. Crediting Texas General Land Office.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 E-4 APPENDIX E – GREGG COUNTY HISTORIC CONTEXT
Table 2. Earliest Settlements and Communities (1830s–1870)*
Date Name Approximate Location General description Established Developed from Walling’s Ferry in 1830s (possibly late 1820s); formally established as Camden in 1844; Camden 1844 South side of Sabine River significant for steamboat traffic on Sabine; included (Walling’s Ferry) (ca. 1830s) (at present-day Easton) saw mill, post office, church, and buildings by 1850s; declined after Civil War; no longer on maps by 1870s Established by Haden Edwards; town included post In area of I-20/FM 2087 office and numerous buildings in 1850s; important Fredonia ca. 1839 intersection on south side of commercial center and ferry crossing (Fredonia Sabine River Crossing) on Sabine; very little known about community Exact location uncertain Cotton Plant 1850s (possibly on Sabine River near Post office identified in 1857 Texas Almanac Peatown/Danville area) Central Longview (near E. Marshall Avenue [US 80] and Shown on 1850 map; included stagecoach stop and Earpville mid-1840s Alpine Road [FM 2208] post office in 1850s; farming community intersection) School established by 1847; church established ca. 1855 (site of today’s Peatown Christian Church); Edwardsville FM 2011 west of East Texas ca. 1846 Robertson’s House (ca. 1855) on FM 349 one of (Peatown) Regional Airport oldest remaining structures in Gregg County; became Peatown in 1880s Shown on 1850 and 1874 maps; post office by 1856; Slightly north of Marshall- Pine Tree Cumberland Presbyterian Church Pine Tree ca. 1840s Tyler Road (US 80) northwest congregation (oldest in Gregg County) established in of Longview 1847 and remains active; annexed to Longview about 1960 Bethel Baptist Church congregation established in late 1840s or early 1850s (now First Baptist Church of Bethel ca. 1849 Northeast of Gladewater Gladewater); declined after Civil War; community site now in northeast Gladewater Established by early settler John Armstrong (arrived in 1844); post office in 1850 known as Gilead; was renamed Point Pleasant in 1852; bypassed by railroad Gilead / Reportedly west of Moody in 1870s; many residents moved to Gladewater; Point Pleasant ca. 1850 Creek (east of Gladewater) on Gilead identified on 1857 Upshur County map (St. Clair) Old US 80 (slightly east of future Gladewater); later the site of Clarksville City in the 1930s; stagecoach operated nearby known as St. Clair by 1860s or 1870s Settled by small number of families during the Republic period but not named until ca. 1847; Gum Danville Spring Presbyterian Church organized in 1850 (later ca. 1847 Off of FM 349 (New Danville) First Presbyterian Church of Kilgore); bypassed by I&GN Railroad in the 1870s, and many residents relocated to new town of Kilgore Northern tip of Gregg County Shown on 1850 map; post office by 1856; continued Omega ca. 1850 (?) (near US 259/FM 1650 as small community until after WWII intersection)
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 E-5 APPENDIX E – GREGG COUNTY HISTORIC CONTEXT
Table 2. Earliest Settlements and Communities (1830s–1870)*
Date Name Approximate Location General description Established Along Rabbit Creek in Post office in 1857; community no longer existed Calhoun ca. 1850s southern Gregg County (west after Civil War of Kilgore) Ferry crossing and stagecoach stop along Marshall- ca. 1850s Camp’s Crossing On Sabine River south of Tyler Road established by Little Berry Camp; on 1893 or earlier (Camp’s Ferry) Gladewater Gregg County map as Camp’s Ferry; near present-day (?) Gladewater School and cemetery established by 1849; school Approximately four miles remains standing and is reportedly the oldest extant Rock Springs by 1849 southwest of Gladewater building in Gregg County; community established by settlers from Arkansas Southeast of Peatown Post office in vicinity known as Iron Bridge; (near Gregg County line and Centre settlement later became Elderville; may have had ca. 1850s SH 322 at the southwest (Elderville) farms develop in area as early as the 1830s; much of corner of East Texas Regional area now part of airport property Airport) Near Pine Tree Cumberland Presbyterian Church; likely named for first member Solomon Awalt; ca. late Awalt Area of western Longview Longview was chosen as new county seat over Awalt 1840s in 1870s; residents moved at that time to new community of Willow Springs (later Greggton) Thought to have been Not sure of exact location; school referenced in late between Pine Tree and Phillipi ca. 1847 1840s and early 1850s; community no longer existed Earpville (western edge of after Civil War Longview) Possible farming community pre-Civil War; established Summerfield Methodist Church and Summerfield ca. 1850s West of Airline Road in Judson school; congregation remains active; two Summerfield cemeteries in area Small community near Alpine Presbyterian Church Tryon ca. 1850s Judson area off of US 259 (and pre-existing Tryon School) Established in 1850s; grew during 1930s oil boom; SH 42 and FM 1252 (south of Hughey ca. 1850 few resources remaining; Hughes [sic] School in area Longview) identified on 1936 Kilgore topographic map On Sabine River approximately one mile west Red Rock ca. 1849 Included a school, general store, and ferry crossing of Gregg County border in Upshur County Was already a small community by ca. 1850; early Approximately three miles before settler John O’Byrne established plantation and Union Grove north of Gladewater in 1850 sawmill; school established ca. 1886; community Upshur County grew during 1930s oil boom Approximately eight miles Community included stagecoach stop, hotel, cotton Starrville ca. 1850s south of Gladewater in Smith gin, and churches in 1850s and 1860s County *Information in the table is generally referenced from McWhorter, Eugene W., Traditions of the Land: The History of Gregg County. Gregg County Historical Foundation. 1989; Craddock, Van, Jr., Historic Gregg County: An Illustrated History. Gregg County Historical Commission. 2006; the Handbook of Texas Online; and additional email correspondence from Eugene McWhorter provided to GCHC in June 2018. Refer to Section X. References for complete citation information.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 E-6 APPENDIX E – GREGG COUNTY HISTORIC CONTEXT
A second railroad company, the International (that was soon after consolidated and renamed the International & Great Northern [I&GN]), extended a line from a junction east of Longview into Rusk County in 1872.33, 34 The I&GN railroad purposely did not service the existing community of New Danville but created the new railroad town and depot of Kilgore further south on land provided by New Danville settler Constantine Buckley (Buck) Kilgore.35
In 1873, Gregg County was established from part of Upshur County. The county was named in honor of Confederate General John Gregg who had come to Texas in the 1850s and was killed during the Civil War.36 Also by 1873, the Southern Pacific Railroad had been taken over by the Texas & Pacific Railroad, and a line was extended west from Longview.37 Land for a new community that was officially platted as Gladewater was provided by two early area settlers, Jarrett Dean and Anderson White. Dean provided much of the land north of the railroad tracks in 1872, and White provided land south of the tracks in 1873.38 In addition to new residents, the new railroad town of Gladewater also attracted residents from the neighboring communities of Point Pleasant and St. Clair.39 In 1874, Gregg County was expanded with the incorporation of part of Rusk County which included the areas of Kilgore, New Danville, and Camden.
During the late nineteenth century, railroads significantly improved the transportation of goods and crops and led to further agricultural development. Cotton continued to be the staple agricultural crop, but sugarcane and corn were also cultivated. The lumber industry also thrived during this time, with the 1880s and 1890s referred to as the “Sawmill Era.”40 Longview, Gladewater, and Kilgore were significant lumber communities, and Gladewater reportedly boasted three lumber mills in 1881.41 During this time Gladewater was the county’s second-largest town after Longview. In 1893, Gregg County was divided into 11 common school districts, and small communities developed around the rural schools.42 Many of the existing communities continued to prosper, and some changed names. A new post office known as Elderville opened in the late 1880s in Centre that replaced the nearby Iron Bridge post office, and the settlement of Centre became known as Elderville.43 Edwardsville became known as Peatown.44, 45 New communities that developed during this time are included in Table 3 below.
Despite the establishment of small, rural communities and the growth of the three new railroad communities of Longview, Kilgore, and Gladewater, much of Gregg County remained rural with small scale farms and sharecropping that supported a large African-American population.46 A new African- American community of Pleasant Green was established during this time (west of the East Texas Regional Airport on FM 349) around the Pleasant Green Baptist Church.47
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Table 3. New Communities in Gregg County (1870s–1910)*
Date Name Approximate Location General description Established Part of earlier Walling’s Ferry and Camden; rail line through area in 1885; small Easton ca. 1885 FM 2906 southeast of Longview community with sawmill and lumber plant in 1880s; by 1940 was predominantly African- American population Camp (Camp Before Originally called Camp but later known as Along rail line north of Kilgore Switch) 1880 Camp Switch Developed around school called Lawrenceville in early 1880s; Missionary Judson ca. 1883 FM 1844 north of Longview Baptist Church congregation named Judson in 1885 Near Awalt Platted by Texas & Pacific rail line; later Willow Springs 1873 (along Texas & Pacific rail line) became Greggton in the early 1930s At US 80 and FM 3272 White Oak ca. 1887 Named for school that opened at this time west of Longview Established as a school; Elmira Chapel FM 300 Cumberland Presbyterian Church established Spring Hill ca. 1887 (northeastern Gregg County) 1897; site of oil field camps during 1930s oil boom; annexed to Longview in 1983 Established around school; two churches included Mt. Moriah and Mt. McCary’s Sabine (Hog Eye) 1893 Liberty City area Chapel; post office known as Hog Eye; Sabine School noted on 1934 Kilgore topographic map Located along railroad between Longview and Before Footes Southeast of Longview Kilgore; identified on 1936 Kilgore 1900 topographic map Located along railroad between Longview and Southeast of Longview Bodie ca. 1900 Kilgore; identified on 1936 Kilgore (slightly northeast of Footes) topographic map Area of Rolling Meadows Very short-lived community; no longer on Sabine Mills ca. 1878 south of Longview maps by 1900 Small farming community with school and Before North Chapel Near I-20 north of Kilgore church; school identified on 1934 Kilgore 1900 topographic map *Information in the table is generally referenced from McWhorter, Eugene W., Traditions of the Land: The History of Gregg County. Gregg County Historical Foundation. 1989; Craddock, Van, Jr., Historic Gregg County: An Illustrated History. Gregg County Historical Commission. 2006; the Handbook of Texas Online; and additional email correspondence from Eugene McWhorter provided to GCHC in June 2018. Refer to Section X. References for complete citation information.
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V.E. Early Twentieth Century (1910–1929)
The lumber industry and cotton farming waned in the early decades of the twentieth century as forests were depleted and the boll weevil affected cotton yields. Gregg County remained largely agricultural, however, with little new industrial development. County improvements during this time were largely focused around roads and the development of state and later US highways. The Texas Highway Department was established in 1917, and a system of numbered state highways was conceived. A total of 38 numbered highways were planned throughout Texas by 1919, and many of the routes followed the alignment of existing roads.48 US 80, a major east-west thoroughfare and reportedly the first paved road in Gregg County, was originally part of this early state highway system and was designated as State Highway 15 (SH 15) in 1917.49, 50 Even before this time, however, the route of SH 15 was part of an early twentieth-century, transcontinental, east-west highway known as the Dixie Overland Highway linking Savannah, Georgia, with San Diego, California.51 Through Texas, this route was known as the Texas Louisiana Highway or Dallas Louisiana Highway.52 The highway generally followed the alignment of the nineteenth-century Marshall-Tyler Road stagecoach route. In 1926, a system of numbered US highways was put into place, and many of the existing state numbered roads were changed.53 SH 15 became US Highway 80 (US 80) in 1927, but the road continued to carry both names for several years.
Today’s US 271, extending southwest to northeast through Gladewater, was also part of the state highway system in the early twentieth century. The route included SH 65 north of Gladewater which was established ca. 1923 from Mt. Pleasant to Gladewater, and SH 31 south of Gladewater which was established in 1926 linking Gladewater with Tyler.54 The SH 31 alignment was part of the nineteenth- century Marshall-Tyler Road. The SH 65–SH 31 route to Tyler was re-designated as US 271 in 1932, but as in many areas, the route carried both state and US highway names through the mid-1930s.55, 56 In 1939, the route was solely designated as US 271, and SH 31 was re-designated from Tyler to Kilgore along former SH 176.57, 58
V.F. Oil – The Boom Years (1930-1945)
The discovery of oil in 1930, at the dawn of the Great Depression, stimulated an enormous economic and development boom in Gregg County and the region. Much more significant than the changes brought by the railroads in the 1870s, the 1930s oil boom ushered in a time of unprecedented growth, industry, and business development that significantly altered Gregg County.59
In the early twentieth century, drilling attempts by large oil companies were unsuccessful, and the area was not thought to have significant oil deposits.60 That would change, however, when independent operator Columbus Martin “Dad” Joiner successfully struck oil in 1930 at the Daisy Bradford No. 3 on a farm in Rusk County.61 This success prompted additional drilling in the area, and the small community of Joinerville was established.62 Another large independent well in Rusk County struck oil in 1930, the Lou Della Crim No. 1, about one mile south of Kilgore.63 The Lathrop No. 1 was the first large, successful well in Gregg County near Longview in 1931.64 That same year, two successful oil wells were established in Gladewater. The first was on land owned by Judge H.R. Snavely (Snavely No. 1) slightly south of Gladewater along the Sabine river bottom.65 The previously mentioned local marker in downtown
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Gladewater, erected by Gladewater Heritage Society, pays tribute to this early Gladewater discovery. The second well was on land owned by M.T. Cole leased by the Sinclair Oil Company (Sinclair No. 1 Cole).66
Huge numbers of people poured into Kilgore and later Gladewater seeking jobs and opportunities in the burgeoning oil industry. As early as 1931, hundreds of new small-scale oil wells had been constructed in Gregg and Rusk counties.67 Both Gladewater and Kilgore incorporated in 1931 to address infrastructure and public needs of the rapidly growing populations.68 Schools quickly became overcrowded, and there were significant housing shortages. Large numbers of “tourist camps” or “courts” developed to house oil workers and families, and shantytowns of tents developed sometimes literally overnight on the town fringes. Kilgore witnessed the most growth during the boom, but over the ensuing decade, the populations of both Gladewater and Kilgore reportedly increased tenfold.69
The existing railroad communities of Camp (Camp Switch) and Willow Springs (which had become Greggton in 1929) grew as well as the nineteenth-century town of White Oak, and new communities and oil field camps were established throughout the county (see Table 4). In addition, the community of Easton on the Sabine River had transitioned to a primarily African-American population by the 1940s.70
Independent oil drilling continued at staggeringly rapid rates throughout the early 1930s. Most significant in the East Texas oil boom was the fact that it was initiated by independents and small operations rather than large-scale oil companies.71 Independent drilling and production resulted in little regulation and no planning. Wells were drilled as quickly as possible on any available parcels of land, leading to overcrowding, wastefulness, overproduction, and rapidly diminishing prices.72 In 1931, Martial Law was declared, and the National Guard and Texas Rangers arrived to oversee and control oil production.73 The era of the independent oil drillers was fairly short-lived, and by the 1940s, most of the early independents and small oil companies had been taken over by major oil companies.74
The great underground reserve of oil that ushered in the boom of the 1930s was known as the East Texas Oil Field. The approximately 200-square-mile oil pool extends into five counties, including Gregg, Rusk, Upshur, Smith, and Cherokee, and offered a seemingly endless supply of oil to the economy (see Illustration 2).75 Although the independent and small oil companies were forced out early on, the oil industry continued to thrive during the 1940s through large oil businesses. In addition to oil drilling, industries related to oil production and facilities for oil storage dotted the landscape and employed large numbers of workers in Gladewater, Kilgore, and the surrounding communities. The oil industry transformed Gregg County from an agricultural to industrial region. Farming diminished significantly as the county shifted to oil production and distribution. The culture of Gregg County also began to change with large numbers of people arriving from other parts of Texas and the U.S.76
The East Texas Oil Field played a significant role in supplying oil to U.S. troops during WWII. In 1942, the construction of an over 1,400-mile-long oil pipeline known as the Big Inch was initiated to connect the East Texas Oil Field with refineries on the East Coast.77 Completed in just over a year, the pipeline extended from Longview, Texas, to New York City and Philadelphia. A second pipeline known as the Little Big Inch that transported refined oil projects was completed in 1943 and connected Houston and
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Beaumont refineries with Linden, New Jersey.78 By 1945, the pipelines had reportedly transported over 350 million barrels of crude oil and refined products to the East Coast.79
During WWII, an army general hospital was constructed in Gregg County slightly south of Longview. Harmon General Hospital opened in 1942 and was designated as a center for tropical and skin diseases.80 The facility included over 4,000 staff, patients, and trainees before its closure in 1946.81 Ladies from across Gregg County volunteered at the hospital through the American Red Cross.82 During its last months of operation, the hospital also held German prisoners of war.83
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Illustration 2. Ray, E.D. Map of East Texas Oilfield. Tyler, Texas. 1933. Map #93949. Map Collection. Archives and Records Program. Texas General Land Office.
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Table 4. New Communities in the Oil Boom Era (1930–1945)*
Date Name Approximate Location General description Established
Site of former community of Point Pleasant Clarksville City ca. 1930s US 80 east of Gladewater (Gilead); redeveloped during oil boom; incorporated in 1956 Site of former Sabine/Hog Eye Community had school, church, store by Liberty City ca. 1930s community 1940; incorporated in 1982 Established for Shell Oil Company during Shell Camp ca. 1930s SH 31 northwest of Kilgore boom period; no longer existed after WWII; noted on 1934 Kilgore topographic map Originally area of oilfield camps/tents for oil workers; near swampy river bottom of Swamp City / Off of SH 135 approximately 3 miles ca. 1931 Sabine; also known as Crews for Crews Crews south of Gladewater Baptist Church; Swamp City noted on 1934 Kilgore topographic map Developed during oil boom; named for oil- Around Lathrop oil well (northern Teneryville 1931 well and farm site owner G.B. Tenery; Gregg County) annexed to Longview in 1990s Originally established as Willow Springs in 1873 along Texas & Pacific rail line; name Greggton ca. 1930 East-central Gregg County changed ca. 1929; had post office by 1932; annexed to Longview in 1959. *Information in the table is generally referenced from McWhorter, Eugene W., Traditions of the Land: The History of Gregg County. Gregg County Historical Foundation. 1989; Craddock, Van, Jr., Historic Gregg County: An Illustrated History. Gregg County Historical Commission. 2006; and the Handbook of Texas Online. Refer to Section X. References for complete citation information.
V.G. Post-World War II and the Late Twentieth Century (1946–1968)
Following World War II, major oil companies continued to dominate the oil industry, and large-scale oil production and distribution continued to be the leading industries countywide. Very few farms remained in Gregg County by the early 1950s.84 Population growth continued in urban areas, primarily Longview, although Gladewater and Kilgore also remained stable. By 1960, Gladewater was no longer a major oil drilling location due to depleted supply, but the local economy supported the oil industry through oil service and supply facilities.85 The interstate highway system began in the 1950s, and I-20 was completed in Gregg County in the mid-1960s. I-20 provided an east-west route through the county, bypassing Gladewater and Kilgore but extending through southern Longview.
Several residential developments were also constructed throughout the county during this time. The community of Warren City, located on FM 2275 in Gregg and Upshur counties, was established in 1952 and developed around the Warren Petroleum Corporation.86 Lakeport developed as a residential community after World War II along SH 149 and SH 322 north of the airport. It was incorporated in the 1970s.87
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V.H. Gladewater – Railroad to Oil Boom (1870s–1945)
Gladewater’s history is intimately tied to the county history of railroad development in the 1870s and the oil boom of the 1930s. Prior to this time, the area that became Gladewater was along the Marshall- Tyler Road and stagecoach route near the early communities of Point Pleasant and St. Clair. Gladewater was laid out along the rail line in the early 1870s. Today, the railroad tracks remain a prominent feature through the heart of downtown. With the construction of a railroad depot in 1873, the town grew slowly during the nineteenth century as a lumber and agricultural community.88 One of the earliest resources in Gladewater is reportedly a barn constructed by early settler and land donor Anderson White, who settled in the area in the 1850s.89 The barn, now converted to an apartment building, is located on S. Tyler Street (US 271) and may date to the mid-nineteenth century. In the 1870s, businesses developed along the primary street of Railroad Avenue, now known as Commerce Avenue on the south side of the tracks and Pacific Avenue on the north.90 By 1881, Gladewater reportedly included three lumber mills.91 Gladewater’s first sawmill had been constructed along the Sabine River prior to the railroads, and the Texas & Pacific Railroad built a spur to the mill.92 The first Sabine River bridge at Gladewater was completed in 1884 as a single-lane structure with wooden decking.93 It was replaced by a larger concrete and steel bridge in the 1920s.94 The first school building was constructed in the 1890s and was replaced by a frame building in 1902 and a later brick building in the 1920s.95
The oil boom of the 1930s stimulated incredible growth in Gladewater, much as it did throughout Gregg County. Early aerial and panoramic photos of Gladewater in the 1930s reflect the significance of the oil boom with large numbers of oil derricks dotting the landscape. Reportedly, Gladewater boasted 90 oil wells by 1932.96 Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps of Gladewater in 1934 show significant evidence of the impact of the oil industry (see Illustration 3). At that time, 21 oil refineries and gasoline companies were identified within Gladewater, as well as three large-scale oil storage tanks and one oil well supply company.97, 98 Although the lumber industry had waned by the early twentieth century, in 1934 there were still three identified lumber companies in Gladewater.99 Evidence of population growth was visible in the number of residential courts and camps. The 1934 Sanborn maps identified 12 tourist camps/courts as well as one area noted as “scattered small canvas tents” off of N. Main Street (near today’s Oak Drive).100 Additional residential plats of Wood Heights, Hillcrest, and Malloch’s Addition were also noted outside of the original town limits on the 1934 Sanborn maps.101 Also in 1934, Gladewater included a passenger and freight depot on W. Commerce Avenue, the St. Clair Hotel on E. Pacific Avenue, the Hotel Lea and a combination fire station and city hall on W. Commerce Avenue, a post office on N. Main, an ice factory on Longview Road (now E. Broadway Avenue), a cotton gin on W. Pacific Avenue, four movie theaters, numerous oil tanks, several churches, and streets of residences, “rooms,” and additional hotels.102
New schools were constructed during the 1930s to meet increased population needs. These included the Gladewater High School on Melba Avenue in 1932 and the Gladewater Grammar School on E. Broadway Avenue (known locally as the Broadway Elementary School) in 1934.103 Additions to the high school including the tower, junior high section, and second gymnasium were added in 1935.104 Both buildings remain standing but are no longer used as local public schools. The Weldon School for African- American students was designed in 1932, with an annex added in the 1940s.105 An annex to the
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Gladewater Grammar School (Broadway Elementary School) was also added in 1948.106 The original Weldon School burned and was rebuilt in the 1950s.107
The oil boom era of the 1930s also spurred the development of numerous church congregations in Gladewater.108 A public library was established in 1937, and a community building (now home to the Gladewater Museum) was completed in 1939, with the library on the first floor.109
Most of the downtown streets on the 1934 Sanborn maps were listed as “unpaved.”110 According to an article in The Longview (Texas) Daily News, “actual work on the paving of Gladewater streets” had begun by December 1934, and subsequent 1935 articles note the progress of the paving project.111 However, a 1973 article in The Gladewater Mirror about a city project to lay asphalt over the brick paving, noted that the original brick streets were installed beginning in 1932.112 Reportedly, the bricks were selected for the paving material in the 1930s due to the number of underground oil pipeline leaks.113 The bricks could be easily removed to repair a leak and then reinstalled. Many of the 1930s-era brick streets remain in place and are a significant feature of downtown. Also distinctive are small traffic “stop” medallions embedded within the streets at several downtown intersections.
Today, Gladewater is advertised as the “Antique Capital of East Texas” for the large number of antique stores occupying historic buildings downtown. Gladewater was designated a Texas Main Street community by the THC in 1999. The Texas Main Street program assists historic downtowns with preservation and redevelopment.
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Illustration 3. 1934 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Gladewater, Texas. Sheet 1. The University of Texas at Austin. University of Texas Libraries. Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 E-16 REFERENCES
1 “Early Caddo History.” El Camino Real de los Tejas. National Park Service. Accessed June 11, 2018. https://www.nps.gov/elte/learn/historyculture/caddo-early-history.htm. 2 McWhorter, Eugene M. Traditions of the Land: The History of Gregg County. Gregg County Historical Foundation. 1989. 2 McWhorter. 1989. 3 McWhorter. 1989. 4 McWhorter. 1989. 5 McWhorter. 1989. 6 McWhorter. 1989. 7 McWhorter. 1989. 8 McWhorter. 1989. 9 Craddock, Van, Jr. Historic Gregg County: An Illustrated History. Historical Publishing Network. A Division of Lammert Incorporated. San Antonio, Texas. 2006. Commissioned by the Gregg County Historical Commission. 10 McWhorter, 1989. 11 Handbook of Texas Online. Timothy K. Perttula. “Caddo Indians.” Accessed June 11, 2018. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/bmcaj. 12 Handbook of Texas Online. Laurie E. Jasinski. "Cherokee Trace." Accessed June 11, 2018. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/exc06. 13 McWhorter. 1989. pg. 15. Referencing 1840 Map of Harrison County by Richard Hooper. 14 McWhorter. 1989. pg. 15. Referencing 1850 plat of S.S. Barnett’s land. 15 McWhorter. 1989. 16 McWhorter. 1989. 17 Handbook of Texas Online. Norman W. Black. "Fredonia, Texas (Gregg County)." Accessed May 14, 2018. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hrf24. 18 McWhorter. 1989. 19 Handbook of Texas Online. Christopher Long. "Peatown, Texas." Accessed May 14, 2018. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hrpxs. 20 Handbook of Texas Online. Christopher Long. "Pine Tree, Texas." Accessed May 14, 2018. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hvp46. 21 McWhorter. 1989. 22 McWhorter. 1989. 23 McWhorter. 1989. 24 McWhorter. 1989. 25 McWhorter. 1989. 26 McWhorter. 1989. 27 McWhorter. 1989. 28 McWhorter. 1989. 29 McWhorter. 1989. 30 McWhorter. 1989. 31 McWhorter. 1989. 32 McWhorter. 1989. 33 Missouri Pacific Historical Society. “International-Great Northern.” Accessed July 9, 2018. http://www.mopac.org/corporate- history/72-international-great-northern. 34 McWhorter. 1989. 35 Craddock. 2006. 36 Craddock. 2006. 37 McWhorter. 1989. 38 Mayer, Nauty Byrd, editor. Gladewater Texas 1873–1973. 39 Craddock. 2006. 40 McWhorter. 1989. pg. 73. 41 Mayer. nd. Referencing 1881 Texas Almanac. 42 McWhorter. 1989. 43 Email correspondence from Eugene McWhorter to the GCHC. July 2018. 44 Handbook of Texas Online. Christopher Long. "Elderville, Texas." 45 Handbook of Texas Online. Christopher Long. "Peatown, Texas." 46 McWhorter. 1989.
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 E-17 REFERENCES
47 McWhorter. 1989. 48 Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). NRHP Multiple Property Listing Historic Road Infrastructure of Texas, 1866– 1965. Bruce Jensen, Historical Studies Supervisor. TxDOT Environmental Affairs Division. Accessed May 20, 2018. http://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/420-13-gui.pdf. 49 McWhorter. 1989. 50 TxDOT. Commission Minute Order Search. Accessed May 15, 2018. June 17, 1918. https://publicdocs.txdot.gov/minord/MinuteOrderDocLib/003676699.pdf. 51 Weingroff, Richard F. “U.S. Route 80–The Dixie Overland Highway.” Federal Highway Administration. Accessed May 15, 2018. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/us80.cfm. 52 TxDOT. Commission Minute Order Search. Accessed May 15, 2018. June 17, 1918. 53 TxDOT. NRHP Multiple Property Listing Historic Road Infrastructure of Texas, 1866–1965. Bruce Jensen. 54 Highway Map of Division 10. 1930. Texas State Library and Archives Commission. Accessed May 15, 2018. https://tslarc.tsl.texas.gov/maps/map06149.jpg. 55 TxDOT. Highway Designation Files. Accessed May 15, 2018. US Highway No. 271. http://www.dot.state.tx.us/tpp/hwy/us/us0271.htm. 56 State Highway Commission. Texas Highway Map. 1937. Austin, Texas. University of North Texas Libraries. The Portal to Texas History. Crediting University of Texas at Arlington Library. Accessed June 11, 2018. https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth193699/m1/1/?q=Historic%20Texas%20Highway%20maps. 57 TxDOT Highway Designation Files. Accessed May 15, 2018. State Highway No. 31. http://www.dot.state.tx.us/tpp/hwy/SH/SH0031.htm. 58 State Highway Commission. Texas Highway Map. 1937. Austin, Texas. University of North Texas Libraries. The Portal to Texas History. Crediting University of Texas at Arlington Library. 59 McWhorter. 1989. 60 McWhorter. 1989. 61 Craddock. 2006. 62 McWhorter. 1989. 63 Craddock. 2006. 64 Craddock. 2006. 65 McWhorter. 1989. 66 McWhorter. 1989. 67 Craddock. 2006. 68 Craddock. 2006. 69 McWhorter. 1989. 70 McWhorter. 1989. 71 McWhorter. 1989. 72 Handbook of Texas Online. Julia Cauble Smith. "East Texas Oil Field." Accessed May 4, 2018. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/doe01. 73 Handbook of Texas Online. Julia Cauble Smith. "East Texas Oil Field." 74 McWhorter. 1989. 75 Handbook of Texas Online. Julia Cauble Smith. "East Texas Oil Field." 76 McWhorter. 1989. 77 Handbook of Texas Online. Jerrell Dean Palmer and John G. Johnson. “Big Inch and Little Big Inch.” Accessed August 7, 2018. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/dob08. 78 Handbook of Texas Online. Jerrell Dean Palmer and John G. Johnson. “Big Inch and Little Big Inch.” 79 Handbook of Texas Online. Jerrell Dean Palmer and John G. Johnson. “Big Inch and Little Big Inch.” 80 Handbook of Texas Online. Ken Durham. “Harmon General Hospital.” Accessed August 7, 2018. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qnh11. 81 Handbook of Texas Online. Ken Durham. “Harmon General Hospital.” 82 Handbook of Texas Online. Ken Durham. “Harmon General Hospital.” 83 Handbook of Texas Online. Ken Durham. “Harmon General Hospital.” 84 McWhorter. 1989. 85 McWhorter. 1989. 86 Handbook of Texas Online. "Warren City, Texas." Accessed May 14, 2018. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hlw07. 87 Handbook of Texas Online. Christopher Long. "Lakeport, Texas." Accessed May 14, 2018. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hrlqa. 88 McWhorter. 1989.
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89 Mayer. nd. 90 Mayer. nd. 91 Mayer. nd. Referencing 1881 Texas Almanac. 92 Mayer. nd. 93 Mayer. nd. 94 Mayer. nd. 95 Mayer. nd. 96 Craddock. 2006. 97 Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps. Gladewater. 1934. Sheets 1-6. Accessed May 3, 2018. The University of Texas at Austin. University of Texas Libraries. Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection. http://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/maps/sanborn/g.html. 98 Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps. Gladewater. 1934. Sheet 7. Accessed May 3, 2018. Available online through the City of San Antonio Public Library. http://0-sanborn.umi.com.sapl.sat.lib.tx.us/splash.html. 99 Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps. Gladewater. 1934. Sheets 1-6. 100 Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps. Gladewater. 1934. Sheets 1-6. 101 Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps. Gladewater. 1934. Sheets 1-6. 102 Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps. Gladewater. 1934. Sheets 1-6. 103 Gladewater Daily Mirror. “Beginning of Local Public Schools.” January 31, 1954. pg. 20. Newspaperarchive.com. Accessed May 25, 2018. www.newspaperarchive.com. 104 Gladewater Daily Mirror. “Beginning of Local Public Schools.” January 31, 1954. 105 Gladewater Daily Mirror. “Beginning of Local Public Schools.” January 31, 1954. 106 Gladewater Daily Mirror. “Beginning of Local Public Schools.” January 31, 1954. 107 Gladewater Daily Mirror. “Beginning of Local Public Schools.” January 31, 1954. 108 Mayer. nd. 109 Mayer. nd. 110 Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps. Gladewater. 1934. Sheets 1-6. 111 The Longview (Texas) Daily News. “Work on Paving of Gladewater Streets has been Started.” December 4, 1934. pg. 12. Newspapers.com. Accessed June 11, 2018. https://www.newspapers.com/image/170628141. 112 Brown, Jimmy. “Asphalt Paving Covers 40-Year-Old Brick.” The Gladewater Mirror. February 22, 1973. Newspaperarchive.com. Accessed May 20, 2018. https://newspaperarchive.com/gladewater-mirror-feb-22-1973-p-1/. 113 Brown, Jimmy. “Asphalt Paving Covers 40-Year-Old Brick.” The Gladewater Mirror. February 22, 1973.
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Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 E-20 APPENDIX F
PRESERVATION PARTNERS
APPENDIX F – PRESERVATION PARTNERS
Appendix F – Preservation Partners
Government Agencies and Institutions
Agency Name Contact Name Address Phone Email and/or website
410 S. High Street 903-237-1073 [email protected]; City of Longview Historic Angela Choy, AICP, City https://www.longviewtexas.gov/2167/ Preservation Office Longview, TX 75606 Planner Planning-and-Zoning Planning and Zoning Department
215 N. Main Street 903-845-5753 [email protected]; Gladewater Main Street Christina Stanger Gladewater, TX 75647 http://www.gladewatermainstreet.com/ 815 N. Kilgore Street 903-988-4117 [email protected]; Kilgore Main Street Sonya Trout Kilgore, TX 75662 https://www.kilgoremainstreet.com/ 300 W. Cotton Street 903-239-5538 [email protected]; Longview Main Street Melida Heien Longview, TX 75601 http://www.visitlongviewtexas.com/ 312 W. Pacific Ave 903-845-2640 https://gladewater.ploud.net/ Lee Public Library N/A Gladewater, TX 75647 301 N. Henderson 903-984-1529 [email protected] Kilgore Public Library N/A Kilgore, TX 75662 222 W. Cotton Street 903-237-1350; https://www.longviewtexas.gov/ Longview Public Library N/A Longview, TX 75601 903-237-1359 2163/Library (genealogy)
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 F-1 APPENDIX F – PRESERVATION PARTNERS
Business Development Organizations
Agency Name Address Phone Email and/or website
213 N. Main Street 903-845-5441 [email protected]; Gladewater Economic Development Corporation Gladewater, TX 75647 http://www.gladewateredc.com/ 215 N. Main Street 903-845-5501 [email protected]; Gladewater Chamber of Commerce Gladewater, TX 75647 http://www.gladewaterchamber.org 1001 Synergy Blvd. 903-983-3522 [email protected]; http://www.kilgore- Kilgore Economic Development Corporation Suite 100 edc.com/ Kilgore, TX 75662 813 N. Kilgore Street 903-984-5022 [email protected] Kilgore Chamber of Commerce Kilgore, TX 75662 http://www.kilgorechamber.com 410 N. Center Street 903-753-7878 [email protected]; Longview Economic Development Corporation Longview, TX 75601 https://longviewusa.com/ 410 N. Center Street 903-237-4000 [email protected] Longview Chamber of Commerce Longview, TX 75601 https://longviewchamber.com 300 W. Cotton Street 903-753-3281 [email protected] Longview Convention and Visitors Bureau Longview, TX 75601 White Oak City Hall 903-759-3936 [email protected]; White Oak Economic Development Corporation 906 S. White Oak Road https://www.cityofwhiteoak.com/ White Oak, TX 75693 departments/economic-development-/
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 F-2 APPENDIX F – PRESERVATION PARTNERS
Museums and Historic Sites
Institution Name Address Phone Email and/or website
Gregg County Historical Museum 214 N. Fredonia Street 903-753-5840 http://gregghistorical.org/ Longview, TX 75601 The Gladewater Museum 116 W. Pacific Street 903-845-7608 [email protected]; Gladewater, TX 75647 https://gladewatermuseum.org/ our-city East Texas Oil Museum 1301 S. Henderson 903-983-8295 [email protected] Kilgore, TX 75662 Longview Museum of Fine Arts 215 E. Tyler Street 903-753-8103 [email protected]; https://www.lmfa.org/ Longview, TX 75601 R.G. LeTourneau Memorial Museum and Archives Margaret Estes Library 903-708-6042 [email protected]; 2100 S. Mobberly Avenue https://www.letu.edu/_Academics/ Longview, TX 76502 library/museum/index.html Texas Museum of Broadcasting and Communications 416 E. Main Street 903-985-8115 https://texasbroadcastmuseum.com/contact- Kilgore, TX 75662 us/
Heritage Societies and Non-Profit Organizations
Institution Name Address Phone Email and/or website
Gregg County Genealogical Society P.O. Box 2985 903-297-8291 N/A Longview, TX 75606 Gregg County Historical and Genealogical Society and the 214 N. Fredonia 903-753-5840 http://gregghistorical.org/ gregg-county- Gregg County Historical Foundation Longview, TX 75606 historical-foundation/ One Hundred Acres of Heritage, Inc. 300 W. Cotton Street 903-239-5538 N/A Longview, TX 75601 East Texas Genealogical Society P.O. Box 6967 N/A [email protected]; http://www.etgs.org/ Tyler, TX 75711 Preservation Longview P.O. Box 2681 903-720-1398 http://preservationlongview.com/contact Longview, TX 75606 Kilgore Historical Preservation Foundation P.O. Box 885 903-984-1333 http://kilgorehistory.org Kilgore, TX 75663 903-984-3038
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 F-3 APPENDIX F – PRESERVATION PARTNERS
Educational Institutions
Institution Name Address Phone Email and/or website
Gladewater ISD 500 W. Quitman 903-845-6991 http://www.gladewater isd.com/ Gladewater, TX 75647 Kilgore ISD 301 N. Kilgore Street 903-988-3900 https://www.kisd.org/ Kilgore, TX 75662 Longview ISD 1301 East Young 903-381-2200 http://w3.lisd.org/ Longview, TX 75602 Pine Tree ISD 1701 Pine Tree Road 903-295-5000 http://www.ptisd.org/ Longview, TX 75608 Sabine ISD 5424 FM 1252 W 903-984-8564 https://www.sabineisd.org/sabine; Gladewater, TX 75647 [email protected] Spring Hill ISD 3101 Spring Hill Road 903-759-4404 [email protected]; Longview, TX 75605 https://www.shisd.net/ White Oak ISD 200 S. White Oak Road 903-291-2000 http://www.woisd.net/ White Oak, TX 75693 Kilgore College 1100 Broadway 903-983-8209 https://www.kilgore.edu/ Kilgore, TX 75662 LeTourneau University 2100 S. Mobberly Avenue 903-500-2921 https://www.letu.edu/ Longview, TX 75602 University of Texas at Tyler – Longview University Center 3201 N. Eastman Road 903-663-8100 https://www.uttyler.edu/luc/ Longview, TX 75605
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 F-4 APPENDIX G
GRANT OPPORTUNITIES
APPENDIX G – GRANT OPPORTUNITIES
Appendix G – Grant Opportunities The information provided in the Survey Plan is intended to provide an overview of the potential funding sources for future historic resources survey projects. It should not be considered a comprehensive listing of all relevant grant programs. Local grants may be available from Gregg County businesses and organizations (i.e. United Way, East Texas Communities Foundation, Economic Development Corporations, Municipal Hotel Occupancy Tax Funds) that can be pursued through local preservation partnerships. Local grants can be helpful in funding thematic surveys that are relevant to the organization’s area of interest. Some grants listed below are only available to nonprofit organizations. This is another area where preservation partners can be helpful – they can receive and administer grants in fulfillment of the Survey Plan priorities. The following table provides information on the most common funding sources for preservation planning activities.
Agency/ Organization Brief Description Submittal Deadline Amount Website
Texas Historical Commission: Planning grants that cover costs Initial application due Texas Preservation Trust Fund preservation planning activities, Up to $30,000 www.thc.texas.gov end of January Grants including historic resources surveys
Funding to participating city and Application available $2,000–30,000 Texas Historical Commission: county governments for local in September, due in (matching grant, 50- www.thc.texas.gov Certified Local Government Grants preservation programs, including November 50 ratio) historic resources surveys
Funding to document, interpret and Funding authorized National Park Service: preserve sites and stories related to in FY 2016 and FY $15,000–50,000 African-American Civil Rights Civil Rights struggle; includes survey, 2017; has yet to be https://www.nps.gov/ (federal share Grants inventory, and documentation determined by projects Congress for FY 2018
Funding to achieve diversity in NRHP nominations; includes surveys and National Park Service: inventories of properties associated Underrepresented Community with underrepresented communities; June $25,000–75,000 https://www.nps.gov/ Grants must result in a new NRHP nomination or an amendment to existing NRHP nomination
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 G-1 APPENDIX G – GRANT OPPORTUNITIES
Agency/ Organization Brief Description Submittal Deadline Amount Website
Funding initiative to uplift overlooked National Trust for Historic contributions of African Americans; Preservation: African-American January $50,000–150,000 https://savingplaces.org/ includes consultant services for Cultural Heritage Action Fund preservation planning projects
Accepted at any National Trust for Historic time; review process Funding supports preservation $500–5,000 (cash Preservation: Richard E. Deutsch complete within two https://forum.savingplaces. planning projects related to match required, Memorial Fund for Rosenwald months of org Rosenwald Schools dollar for dollar) Schools application submission
Three deadlines: February 1, June 1, Funding supports preservation National Trust for Historic and October 1; $2,500–5,000 planning and educational projects; https://forum.savingplaces. Preservation: National Trust notification of award (require dollar for includes consultant services for org Preservation Funds within eight weeks of dollar match) preservation planning projects the application deadline.
Funding to qualified public entities or Accepted at any 501(c)(3) charities serving the people time; limited to one of Texas; funded a historic resources application within a Requests of any Foundation grants: Meadows survey and map of all WWII sites in 12-month period; amount are http://www.mfi.org/ Foundation Texas for the Texas Historical usually processed considered Commission in 2007 ($85,000) under within three to four the Category of Arts and Culture months.
Funding to nonprofits and programs in cities and towns in which UP Applications operates; includes programs and accepted April Foundation grants: projects that promote community through June; $2,500–25,000 https://www.up.com Union Pacific (UP) Foundation and the preservation and sharing of awarded in unique history, especially related to September train and/or UP history
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 G-2 APPENDIX G – GRANT OPPORTUNITIES
Agency/ Organization Brief Description Submittal Deadline Amount Website
No application deadline; Funding to nonprofit organizations in Requests of any applications Foundation grants: Shell Oil cities where Shell has a major amount are accepted year-round; https://www.shell.us Company Foundation presence; one focus is on cultural arts considered, but applications and community outreach projects funding is limited reviewed within four- six weeks
Gregg County is a member of the East Texas Council of Governments (ETCOG), an organization that assists local governments plan for common needs. Support provided to ETCOG members includes grant writing and post-grant administration. Grant research services are free, while grant writing is charged at 1% of the proposed grant amount. Websites that provide up-to-date information on state and federal grants include the following: • The Foundation Center, http://foundationcenter.org/ • The Catalog for Federal Domestic Assistance, https://beta.sam.gov/ • Grants.gov, https://www.grants.gov/ • Texas eGrants, https://txapps.texas.gov/tolapp/egrants/search.htm • TexasNonProfits, https://www.txnp.org/ For more information on potential grants and funding, look to nonprofit resource centers and public libraries—they provide access to grant directories in print or online. The Texas Historical Commission also maintains a list of organizations that provide preservation funding to government agencies (http://www.thc.texas.gov/preserve/buildings-and-property/funding-preservation-projects/preservation-funding- government).
Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 G-3 APPENDIX G – GRANT OPPORTUNITIES
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Gregg County Survey Plan – August 2018 G-4