DOCSLIB.ORG

An Analysis of Shallow Gas, NORM, and Trace Metals

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Analysis of Shallow Gas, NORM, and Trace Metals September 2015 Understanding and Managing Environmental Roadblocks to Shale Gas Development: An Analysis of Shallow Gas, NORM, and Trace Metals Final Report June 14, 2013 to September 30, 2015 RPSEA Award No 11122-56 by J.-P. Nicot, P. Mickler, T. Larson, M.C. Castro R. Darvari, R. Smyth, K. Uhlman, C. Omelon with participation of L. Bouvier, Tao Wen, Z.L. Hildenbrand, M. Slotten, J.M. Aldrige, C.M. Hall, R. Costley, J. Anderson, R. Reedy, J. Lu, Yuan Liu, K. Romanak, S.L. Porse, and Texas Water Development Board Bureau of Economic Geology Jackson School of Geosciences The University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78713-8924 Understanding and Managing Environmental Roadblocks to Shale Gas Development: An Analysis of Shallow Gas, NORM, and Trace Metals Jean-Philippe Nicot1, Patrick Mickler1, Toti Larson2, M. Clara Castro3 Roxana Darvari1, Rebecca Smyth1, Kristine Uhlman+1, Christopher Omelon2 with participation of L. Bouvier+3, Tao Wen3, Z.L. Hildenbrand4, M. Slotten+5, J.M. Aldrige+5, C.M. Hall3, R. Costley1, J. Anderson1, R. Reedy1, J. Lu1, Yuan Liu+1, K. Romanak1, S.L. Porse+1, and TWDB6 1: Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin 2: Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin 3: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 4: Inform Environmental LLC, Dallas, TX 5: Environmental Management and Sustainability Program, St. Edwards University, Austin, TX 6: Texas Water Development Board, Austin, TX +: previously at Bureau of Economic Geology Jackson School of Geosciences The University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78713-8924 Disclaimer From DOE/NETL: “This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.” From RPSEA: “Funding for this project is provided by RPSEA through the “Ultra-Deepwater and Unconventional Natural Gas and Other Petroleum Resources” program authorized by the U.S. Energy Policy Act of 2005. RPSEA (www.rpsea.org) is a nonprofit corporation whose mission is to provide a stewardship role in ensuring the focused research, development and deployment of safe and environmentally responsible technology that can effectively deliver hydrocarbons from domestic resources to the citizens of the United States. RPSEA, operating as a consortium of premier U.S. energy research universities, industry, and independent research organizations, manages the program under a contract with the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory.” i Abstract The main objective of the project was to document occurrences of shallow gas in fresh-water aquifers in Texas either dissolved or free phase and identify controlling processes. A secondary somewhat independent objective was to contribute to the understanding of the nature and variability of flowback and produced water associated with hydraulic fracturing in the context of rock-water interactions. We undertook a large sampling campaign of aquifers in the footprint of major Texas plays (900+ water samples): Barnett in north-central Texas (555 unique locations), Eagle Ford in South Texas (118 unique locations), Haynesville in East Texas (70 unique locations), and in the Delaware Basin of West Texas (40 unique locations). Most of the wells (2/3) are relatively shallow residential wells sampled at or as close as possible to the wellhead but many wells are irrigation, municipal, or rig-supply wells. All samples were analyzed for major ions, dissolved gases, and, when CH4>0.1 mg/L, for methane and light alkanes carbon isotopes and trace elements. The vast majority of wells show some measurable methane and ~100 wells show methane >0.1 mg/L. A total of ~20 wells have methane concentrations >10 mg/L, these high concentrations were observed in all plays and present at least a thermogenic component. Some wells, generally with a <10 mg/L concentration, show a clear microbial origin for methane. A number of samples show mixing between the two origins but also more complex behavior such as methane degradation. Samples with thermogenic methane are generally spatially organized in clusters. Overall the source of the dissolved methane is likely natural sourced from shallow natural gas accumulations in the Barnett Shale, lignite beds associated with a fault in the Haynesville shale, and lignite and degradation of oil and deep organic matter associated with a fractured zone in the Eagle Ford Shale. The Delaware Basin samples show no dissolved methane other than associated to a recent blowout. We also performed autoclave experiments in controlled conditions exposing shale core fragments to various fluids, examining reacted and unreacted rocks and documenting chemical composition of the evolving fluid through time. The experiments demonstrated that shales undergo typical geochemical processes during hydraulic fracturing such as carbonate and feldspar dissolution as well as ion exchange resulting in an increase in dissolved solids. Observations suggest that rock permeability is increased two to –three-fold and that porosity is increased by 50%. Baseline sampling as it is currently practiced is not sufficient to resolve ambiguity of the source of the dissolved methane even if of thermogenic origin because it still could be natural. Additional analyses such as noble gases and isotopes are needed to better constrain origin of the methane. iii Executive Summary The main objective of the project was to enhance our understanding of shallow natural gas which is sometimes found unexpectedly in groundwater wells. The visibility of this topic has considerably increased in the past few years because of a possible connection with hydraulic fracturing (HF). A second objective, only loosely connected to the first one, was to understand the nature of the flowback and produced water flowing from wells stimulated by HF. We addressed the first objective by sampling hundreds of water wells across the state of Texas and performing detailed chemical analysis of the water. The second objective was accomplished by performing rock-water interaction experiments at high temperature and pressure in a laboratory autoclave. Methane is a nontoxic but explosive gas that has been documented to exist in many groundwater aquifers. Methane in the subsurface is formed through two major types of processes: biodegradation of organic material (for example, organic matter from soil, oil, lignite debris), termed microbial, or abiotic maturation of organic matter when it is buried to form coal of various rank, oil and gas; this methane is termed thermogenic. The two endmembers can be identified through their isotopic signature and other geochemical characteristics. At the onset on the project it was expected that several methane studies already existed in the state and that the project would focus on understanding mechanisms of its migration. It turned out that a large sampling campaign was needed. We focused the sampling on the footprint of some major unconventional plays: the Barnett Shale in northcentral Texas (only its section with condensate- and gas-producing wells), the Haynesville Shale in East Texas, the Eagle Ford in South Texas, and the plays of the Delaware Basin in West Texas. Autoclave experiments were done using Barnett Shale core fragments that were exposed to water of various salinities (0, 2000, and 20,000 ppm) and composition (either sodium, potassium, or calcium chloride) for three weeks. Unreacted and reacted samples were examined using classic (SEM, EDS, XRD) and more recent (ion-milling) technologies. A few flowback water and produced gas samples were also taken in the Barnett Shale footprint. Chemical analyses of the groundwater samples and rock-water interactions samples were performed at UT (IC for major ions and ICP for trace metals). Dissolved gas (CH4 and other light alkanes, 13 15 N2, O2, Ar) and isotopic ( C –if CH4>0.1 mg/L, D, N) analyses were also performed at UT. All the dissolved gas samples were carefully taken at the wellhead and shipped promptly to Austin. Dissolved noble gases were sampled following the copper tube approach and analyses were performed at the University of Michigan. A few microbial mass samples were also taken to better document methane production or attenuation in the areas with high methane concentrations. We sampled 555 unique water wells in the Barnett Shale footprint (shale at ~6000 ft below ground surface), sometimes sampling several times the same well. See opposite map showing gas wells (small red dots) and sampled water wells. Most water wells sampled on the v western edge of the project area were domestic wells tapping the Trinity aquifer but towards the east in the direction of more populated area and increasing depth of the producing aquifers, many sampled water
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Power of Problem Solvers
    the power of problem solvers Chevron’s greatest asset – our people – are focused on making energy... more aordable more reliable ever-cleaner We believe life depends on energy and we’ve taken steps to improve lives through innovation since our founding. California Star Oil Works, a Chevron predecessor, hits pay dirt in Pico Canyon and gives birth to the California oil industry. Steam-powered technology utilized by California Star Oil Works takes the place of primitive solutions like saplings and 1876 rudimentary drill bits, leading to California’s first commercially productive well. After months of hard work, technical diculties and budget constraints, the Texas oil boom kicks o when Captain Anthony Lucas strikes a close to 1901 100,000-barrel-a-day gusher at Spindletop. Standard Oil develops Red Crown aviation gasoline, the first gasoline in the U.S. specifically designed for aviation use. Red Crown powers the aircraft that Charles Lindbergh flies 1917 across the Atlantic. After three years of unsuccessful drilling and mechanical problems in Saudi Arabia, Geologist Max Steineke urges his team to persevere – and it finally pays off on March 3. With the Arab Zone providing the 1938 main source of Saudi Arabia’s oil still today, Steineke’s discovery has enormous implications for the Middle Eastern oil market. Gulf Oil Corp. and Texaco Inc. work as a part of a consortium of U.S. oil companies. Researchers develop a 3D seismic data-processing method, an innovation which helps vet prospective oil fields as well as rejuvenate existing fields. In the following decades, Chevron continues to use 3D 1978 visualization technology, reducing the risk of dry wells and drilling unnecessary wells, minimizing our environmental impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Gold: Texas Oil
    Black Gold: Texas Oil The discovery and development of Texas oil and natural gas fields was a continuing economic boon to Texas. It allowed economic diversification, establishing a Texas industrial base with the construction of oil fields, pipelines, refineries, railroads, port facilities, and their attendant support industries. The Texas “oil boom” also wove itself indelibly into the fabric of Texas culture and myth. https://education.texashistory.unt.edu Black Gold: Texas Oil Spindletop Spindletop: The Lucas Gusher, January 10, 1901 Oil “black gold” erupted 150 feet in the air from the Lucas Gusher near Beaumont, Texas. The well was not capped for nine days and lost an estimated 850,000 barrels of oil. It produced an estimated 75,000 barrels of oil a day. Peak annual production was 17.5 million barrels in 1902. The Lucas Gusher, 1901. Photograph 11.25 in. x 14 in. University of Texas at Arlington Libraries, 1901. https://education.texashistory.unt.edu Permalink: http://texashistory.unt.edu/permalink/meta-pth-41398 Black Gold: Texas Oil Oilmen in the field Oilmen at the Orangefield during the 1910s. Oilmen posing in front of a wooden oil derrick surrounded by pipes and tools. “Men with Oil Derrick.” Photograph B&W: 5.25in. X 3.5 in. Heritage House Museum. https://education.texashistory.unt.edu Permalink: http://texashistory.unt.edu/permalink/meta-pth-37097 Black Gold: Texas Oil the Humble oil well Humble oil well in Orange, Texas in 1920 Oil flowing from the Humble well to storage facilities. Note the rather crude pipe and sluice design used to funnel oil from the well to holding facilities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Context of Public Acceptance of Hydraulic Fracturing: Is Louisiana
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2012 The context of public acceptance of hydraulic fracturing: is Louisiana unique? Crawford White Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation White, Crawford, "The onc text of public acceptance of hydraulic fracturing: is Louisiana unique?" (2012). LSU Master's Theses. 3956. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3956 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURING: IS LOUISIANA UNIQUE? A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Environmental Sciences by Crawford White B.S. Georgia Southern University, 2010 August 2012 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to the memory of three of the most important people in my life, all of whom passed on during my time here. Arthur Earl White 4.05.1919 – 5.28.2011 Berniece Baker White 4.19.1920 – 4.23.2011 and Richard Edward McClary 4.29.1982 – 9.13.2010 ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my committee first of all: Dr. Margaret Reams, my advisor, for her unending and enthusiastic support for this project; Professor Mike Wascom, for his wit and legal expertise in hunting down various laws and regulations; and Maud Walsh for the perspective and clarity she brought this project.
    [Show full text]
  • The US Well Number Standard: an Identifier for Petroleum Industry
    The US Well Number Standard An Identifier for Petroleum Industry Wells in the USA “The PPDM Association is a not-for-profit data management professional society that collaborates with industry to develop Professional Data Management standards for the Petroleum Industry.” May 2013 (minor revisions June 2014) ® Copyright 2014, The PPDM Association. All Rights Reserved The US Well Number Standard v1.0 REVISION HISTORY The US Well Number Standard: An identifier for the Petroleum Industry Wells in the USA Version: 2013 rev 1 Reason for Revision Replace API Number with US Well Number This Standard Replaces: American Petroleum Institute Bulletin D12A, revised 1979 This Standard defines an identifier for wells and wellbores in the petroleum industry of the USA. This Standard is compatible with Abstract: previous versions of the D12A Number, with emphasis on the identification of every wellbore Prepared by: PPDM Association Date published: June 19th, 2014 Date of next review: May 31st, 2018 Document type: Standard standards, petroleum, well, wellbore, identifier, USA, US Well Keywords: Number, API Well Number, D12A DISCLAIMER The Professional Petroleum Data Management (PPDM) Association makes no representation, warranty or guarantee in connection with the contents of this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from use or application hereunder or violation of federal, state or local regulation with which the contents may conflict. The PPDM Association Copyright 2013 2014, PPDM Association. All Rights Reserved www.ppdm.org Page 1 23544_ProfessionalPetroleum_Well_ID_Standards_TEXT_REV | Cyan Magenta Black | 1-OCT-1419:11:20 The US Well Number Standard The US Well Number Standard v1.0 v1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY REVISION HISTORY This document defines and supports a standard for the identification of petroleum wellbores in the USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Vast Energy Resources Wasting Away in the Texas Permian Basin a Special Report on Natural Gas Flaring FLARING REPORT 2
    Vast energy resources wasting away in the Texas Permian Basin A special report on natural gas flaring FLARING REPORT 2 I Introduction 3 II Trends in the Texas Permian 5 III Regulatory solutions 7 IV On-site gas capture opportunities 8 V Conclusion 10 Table of contents FLARING REPORT 3 I. Introduction A new Texas oil boom is in full swing. Oil isn’t the only resource in abundant The United States Geological Survey supply. There’s also ample natural gas (USGS) estimates 20 billion barrels of (known as associated gas), freed from untapped oil reserves in one single area underground shale during hydraulic of the Permian, an oil and gas basin fracturing, the process of pumping contained largely by the western part of millions of gallons of chemicals, sand and Texas and extending into southeastern water down a well to break apart rock and New Mexico 1. release the fuel. A rush to produce higher Earlier this year 2, the Energy value oil, however, has some Permian Information Administration (EIA) drillers simply throwing away the gas. predicted the Permian Basin would Lack of access to gas pipelines, low gas experience the country’s highest growth prices, and outmoded regulations are in oil production, and in August EIA driving this waste. reported the Permian has more operating A new analysis of the amount of Texas rigs than any other basin in the nation, Permian gas lost due to intentional with oil production exceeding 2.5 million releases (venting) and burning of the gas barrels per day 3. Meanwhile, companies (flaring) by the top 15 producers in recent including ExxonMobil are investing billions boom years reveals a wide performance in leases 4, and oilfield services giant gap.
    [Show full text]
  • The Oil Boom After Spindletop
    425 11/18/02 10:41 AM Page 420 Why It Matters Now The Oil Boom Petroleum refining became the 2 leading Texas industry, and oil remains important in the Texas After Spindletop economy today. TERMS & NAMES OBJECTIVES MAIN IDEA boomtown, refinery, Humble 1. Analyze the effects of scientific discov- After Spindletop, the race was on to Oil and Refining Company, eries and technological advances on the discover oil in other parts of Texas. wildcatter, oil strike, oil and gas industry. In just 30 years, wells in all regions Columbus M. “Dad” Joiner, 2. Explain how C. M. “Dad” Joiner’s work of the state made Texas the world hot oil affected Texas. leader in oil production. 3. Trace the boom-and-bust cycle of oil and gas during the 1920s and 1930s. With the discovery of oil at Spindletop, thousands of fortune seekers flooded into Texas, turning small towns into overcrowded cities almost overnight. An oil worker’s wife described life in East Texas in 1931. There were people living in tents with children. There were a lot of them that had these great big old cardboard boxes draped around trees, living under the trees. And any- and everywhere in the world they could live, they lived. Some were just living in their cars, and a truck if they had a truck. And I tell you, that was bad. Just no place to stay whatsoever. Mary Rogers, interview in Life in the Oil Fields Oil, Oil Everywhere The oil boom of the 1920s and 1930s caused sudden, tremendous growth in Texas.
    [Show full text]
  • A Retrospective Review of Shale Gas Development in the United States
    April 2013 ! RFF DP 13-12 A Retrospective Review of Shale Gas Development in the United States What Led to the Boom? Zhongmin Wang and Alan Krupnick 1616 P St. NW Washington, DC 20036 202-328-5000 www.rff.org DISCUSSION PAPER A Retrospective Review of Shale Gas Development in the United States: What Led to the Boom? Zhongmin Wang and Alan Krupnick Abstract This is the first academic paper that reviews the economic, policy, and technology history of shale gas development in the United States. The primary objective of the paper is to answer the question of what led to the shale gas boom in the United States to help inform stakeholders in those countries that are attempting to develop their own shale gas resources. This paper is also a case study of the incentive, process, and impact of technology innovations and the role of government in promoting technology innovations in the energy industry. Our review finds that government policy, private entrepreneurship, technology innovations, private land and mineral rights ownership, high natural gas prices in the 2000s, and a number of other factors all made important contributions to the shale gas boom. Key Words: shale gas, policy, research and development, technology, hydraulic fracturing, horizontal drilling JEL Classification Numbers: Q4, O3, L71 © 2013 Resources for the Future. All rights reserved. No portion of this paper may be reproduced without permission of the authors. Discussion papers are research materials circulated by their authors for purposes of information and discussion. They have not necessarily undergone formal peer review. Contents 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1! 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Inverness Council Vents About Park Funds
    Soccer romp: Panther girls outclass Pirates /B1 THURSDAY JOB TODAY CITRUS COUNTY & next morning HUNTING ? 000DOPN HIGH APPLY TODAY 81 Partly cloudy. LOW PAGE A4 at VILLAGE SEE IT TOYOTA ON PG. C13 62 www.chronicleonline.com JANUARY 10, 2013 Florida’s Best Community Newspaper Serving Florida’s Best Community 50¢ VOLUME 118 ISSUE 156 Inverness council vents about park funds to make Whispering Pines Park ways to make the county the ground.” work is beyond me, because aren’t accountable.” Council President Cabot County witholding $300K payment our children the future? Or is the Councilman Ken Hinkle McBride called the county’s with- port our future?” he said, refer- pointed out the city’s budget is holding of payment a “slap in the NANCY KENNEDY Inverness Mayor Bob Plaisted ring to Port Citrus. open to inspection and bristled at city’s face,” but also said the city Staff writer acknowledged the “seething that’s Plaisted added, “The county (is- the idea of turning the park’s man- has a friend in Commissioner going on beneath the skin” of sued) a memorandum of under- agement over to the county, as had Scott Adams. INVERNESS — The anger in council members and said, “I standing — we contribute $1.8 been suggested as an option “I don’t understand if there’s the room was palpable as mem- know that we’re all upset. We want million annually to the county in 2008. some passive-aggressive game bers of Inverness City Council dis- the best for our children, and we budget and we don’t have a mem- “We’re going to manage the park that’s going on, but as a resident of cussed the future of Whispering know that we’re going to do every- orandum of understanding on — we just signed a 10-year agree- the city and as a council member I Pines Park and the county’s with- thing we can to make Whispering how they spend our tax dollars … ment with the state,” he said.
    [Show full text]
  • Alaska: Early Frustrations Led to Later Success by ROSS COEN
    EXPLORER 2 JUNE 2014 WWW.AAPG.ORG Vol. 35, No. 6 June 2014 EXPLORER PRESIDENT’SCOLUMN Doing What We Said We’d Do – Well, Did We? BY LEE F. KRYSTINIK The end of the “doing what we say we of daily business that have been dealt with, do” theme has arrived – but not the end but these are some of the larger issues of doing what we say we will do at AAPG! addressed by the EC this year. We must work much more I wish to thank Randi Martinsen, our ell, much as promised by my effectively at showing our relevance president-elect, along with Richard Ball predecessors, the year indeed has (secretary), Tom Ewing (vice president- Wflown by quickly and this is my last within geoscience – perhaps most Sections), John Kaldi (vice president- column to you as president. Soon, I will find especially to the public. Regions), Deborah Sacrey (treasurer), Mike myself with more time to explore for oil and Sweet (editor) and Larry Wickstrom (HoD gas and get back to riding my horse – if he chair), who all served on this year’s EC KRYSTINIK still recognizes me. with distinction, hard work and exceptional So did we actually accomplish what we u Advisory Council Initiatives – The AAPG I offer congratulations to all of our professionalism. They have done a great job set out to do this year? House of Delegates reached a consensus volunteers and staff who have worked so for AAPG this year! This year’s Executive Committee and passed a revision of the sponsorship diligently to create this additional surplus! Huge thanks also to David Curtiss, addressed a broad range of
    [Show full text]
  • The API Number Standard: an Identifier for Petroleum Industry Wells in the USA
    The API Number “The PPDM Standard: Association is a not An Identifier for for profit society Petroleum Industry Wells in the USA that collaborates with industry to develop Professional Data Management standards for the Petroleum Industry.” The API Number Standard: An identifier for Petroleum Industry Wells in the USA Version: 2013 This Standard replaces: American Petroleum Institute Bulletin D12A, revised 1979 Abstract: This Standard defines an identifier for wells and wellbores in the petroleum industry of the USA. This Standard is compatible with previous versions of the D12A Number, with emphasis on the identification of every wellbore. Prepared by: PPDM Association Date published: May 31, 2013 Date of next review: May 31, 2018 Document type: Standard Keywords: standards, petroleum, well, wellbore, identifier, USA, API Number, API Well Number, D12A DISCLAIMER The Professional Petroleum Data Management (PPDM) Association makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with the contents of this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from use or application hereunder or violation of federal, state, or local regulation with which the contents may conflict. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document defines and supports a standard for the identification of petroleum wells in the USA. This Standard is the official successor to Bulletin D12A of the American Petroleum Institute (API). In 2010, the API transferred custody of this Standard to the Professional Petroleum Data Management (PPDM) Association. The revised API Number is at least a 12-digit number assigned to every wellbore and is the successor to previous versions. It is a foundation for the management and exchange of all information from or about all petroleum wells in the USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation Mauricio Rodriguez
    Tilburg University Essays in political economy and resource economic Rodriguez Acosta, Mauricio Publication date: 2016 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Rodriguez Acosta, M. (2016). Essays in political economy and resource economic: A macroeconomic approach. CentER, Center for Economic Research. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 28. sep. 2021 ESSAYS IN POLITICAL ECONOMY AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS (A MACROECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE) MAURICIO RODRIGUEZ A. June 3, 2016 ESSAYS IN POLITICAL ECONOMY AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS (A MACROECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE) PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Tilburg University op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. E.H.L. Aarts, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de aula van de Uni- versiteit op vrijdag 3 juni 2016 om 10.15 uur door MAURICIO ANDRÉS RODRÍGUEZ ACOSTA geboren op 10 augustus 1985 te Bogota, Colombia.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Cross Sections of Quaternary Deposits Across the Manlove Gas Storage Field Area, Champaign County, Illinois
    Geologic Cross Sections of Quaternary Deposits Across the Manlove Gas Storage Field Area, Champaign County, Illinois Andrew J. Stumpf 500 450 475 450 47 5 450 425 400 Fisher 375 MCLN-08-01 500 B 375 F GN o o AI 350 MCLEAN s l Mahomet a 500 n PIATT HAMP A′ C d A 475 450 CHAM-08-09A 425 Dome 400 y le 5 l 37 a V McCord, L #2 well k c b o e r d d CHAM-03-02 r e o B 500 c k t B′ e 350 CHAM-03-03 m o h v 5 a 0 450 a 375 0 42 M 4 l 400 l 425 0 350e 500 y 45 475 475 350 Special Report 6 2018 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Front cover: Area of northwest Champaign County depicting the topography of the bedrock surface across the Mahomet Dome, Mahomet Bedrock Valley, tributary bedrock valleys, and adjacent bedrock uplands. Also shown is the extent of the Manlove gas storage field area (dashed yellow line) and lines of geologic cross sections (see Figure 1 in text). © 2018 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. All rights reserved. For permissions information, contact the Illinois State Geological Survey. Geologic Cross Sections of Quaternary Deposits Across the Manlove Gas Storage Field Area, Champaign County, Illinois Andrew J. Stumpf Special Report 6 2018 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 615 E. Peabody Drive Champaign, Illinois 61820-6918 http://www.isgs.illinois.edu Suggested citation: Stumpf, A.J., 2018, Geologic cross sections of Quaternary deposits across the Manlove gas storage field area, Champaign County, Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey, Special Report 6, 7 p.; 2 plates.
    [Show full text]