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Dissertation Mauricio Rodriguez Tilburg University Essays in political economy and resource economic Rodriguez Acosta, Mauricio Publication date: 2016 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Rodriguez Acosta, M. (2016). Essays in political economy and resource economic: A macroeconomic approach. CentER, Center for Economic Research. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 28. sep. 2021 ESSAYS IN POLITICAL ECONOMY AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS (A MACROECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE) MAURICIO RODRIGUEZ A. June 3, 2016 ESSAYS IN POLITICAL ECONOMY AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS (A MACROECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE) PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Tilburg University op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. E.H.L. Aarts, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de aula van de Uni- versiteit op vrijdag 3 juni 2016 om 10.15 uur door MAURICIO ANDRÉS RODRÍGUEZ ACOSTA geboren op 10 augustus 1985 te Bogota, Colombia. PROMOTIECOMMISSIE: PROMOTORES: Prof.dr. Sjak Smuders Prof.dr. Manuel Oechslin OVERIGE LEDEN: Prof.dr. Daan van Soest Dr. Jens Prüfer Dr. Toke Aidt “We must always tell what we see. Above all, and this is more difficult, we must always see what we see.” —Charles Péguy ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The last six years as a graduate student at Tilburg University have been an excep- tional personal experience. This dissertation is not only the product of my work during these years, but also of the help, support, and company of numerous extraor- dinary individuals who I wish to acknowledge. First and foremost I owe a debt of gratitude to my supervisors, professors Sjak Smulders and Manuel Oechslin, for their untiring support. It has been a great plea- sure to learn from—and work with—them. Sjak was extremely generous with his time, despite it being a scarce—and non-renewable—resource. Our frequent meet- ings and brainstorming sessions were the source of many of the building blocks of this dissertation; I truly enjoyed these meetings. Sjak’s attention to the detail sharpened my understanding of economic intuition. His personal interest in his- tory helped me to navigate the historical data and accounts motivating some of the chapters in this dissertation. I also learned a great deal from Sjak as a lecturer. His lengthy problem sets, that I had to solve as student and re-solve as his T.A., helped me to develop my modeling skills. My first project during the Ph.D. was a joint paper with Manuel (Chapter 3 of this dissertation). What I learned from him during this collaboration had a significant impact on the rest of my Ph.D. work. Next to our joint project, Manuel was always available to discuss my own work. Manuel guided me to set priorities and focus my efforts. At the same time he gave me the necessary freedom to develop as an independent researcher. In December 2014, Manuel moved back to Switzerland to join the University of Lucerne. This certainly was a great loss for our department but, Manuel’s support and commitment as supervisor remained unchanged. Our frequent Skype talks helped me to remain on track. I am sincerely grateful to Manuel for his efforts to make his move to Lucerne as smooth as possible for me. Manuel also had the kindness of hosting me a couple of times in Switzerland. I have dear memories of these visits, specially the hike in the Alps and the downstream “swim” in the Aare in Bern. i Above the influence that both Sjak and Manuel have had on my academic forma- tion, I am grateful to them for their sincere interest in my personal well-being. Their moral support and encouragement allowed me to keep moving forward during the most difficult stages of my Ph.D. I would also like to thank the dissertation committee members Daan van Soest, Jens Prüfer, and Toke Aidt. Their comments greatly helped me to improve the chap- ters composing this dissertation, and to continue my work on the individual papers these chapters are based on. I would also like to thank Jens for his support during the job market. In the spring of 2014, I had the opportunity to visit Brown University. This was an enriching experience and I am grateful to Oded Galor for hosting me. It has been a real privilege to interact with one of the most influential scholars in the area of long run development. My exchanges with Oded have been a continuous source of insightful challenges and inspiration in the development of my own research ideas. Writing this dissertation was without doubt a more enjoyable experience thanks to a number of amazing people. I am particularly indebted to my office mate, Inge van den Bijgaart. Inge was the best office mate one could have asked for, and most importantly she has been a true friend. Her baked goods provided me with the caloric intake needed for the long writing sessions, her proofreading was vital when polishing this dissertation, and her down-to-earth advice was always timely. My friendship with Inge came with the great added value of hanging out with Stephan. Stephan’s burger and beer nights were a good reminder of the existence of life out- side the University. I would also like to thank Marijke Bos and Ali Palail, fellow research master and Ph.D. students. Lunches and coffee breaks with Marijke and Ali were always fun and relaxing. I also thank Marijke for going over my work at dif- ferent stages and for the countless times she served as my Dutch-English translator. I am thankful to Fr. Michiel Peeters, the University’s chaplain, for his friendship. His challenging questions helped me to embrace my circumstances and to feel freer while writing this dissertation. Our conversations with Fr. Michiel and Emanuele Granatiero, over Emanuele’s superb Italian food, were a source of strength when I needed it the most. I thank Patricio Dalton, for helping me to navigate the job market. I would also like to thank Aart de Zeeuw for, cheerfully, sharing his wisdom about academia, voetbal, and life in general. I truly enjoyed going with Aart to the “mighty” Willem II matches and our conversations about the Dutch and the Colombian national football teams. I am grateful to Juan Carlos Guataquí, Hernando Zuleta, and Andrés García for their influence in my choice of pursuing an academic career. It is certainly going to ii be a great pleasure to work again with Juan Carlos and Andrés at Universidad del Rosario. I am infinitely indebted to my parents and sister. My parents, Oscar and Clau- dia, have spared no effort and sacrifice to support my personal and academic de- velopment. I am specially thankful to them for showing me the virtues of fortitude, patience, and kindness. Pa, Ma, Cata, thank you for your unending love and encour- agement. Finally, no words can fully express my gratitude to Ana. Rana, your love, pa- tience, and unwavering support during the last fourteen years gave me the strength to move forward. Your company made this path possible. Mauricio Rodríguez A. Tilburg, April 2016 iii Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 LAND,CAPITAL, AND THE EMERGENCE OF PUBLIC PROTECTION OF PRO- PERTY RIGHTS 7 2.1 Introduction . 8 2.2 Background . 10 2.3 Evidence . 12 2.3.1 Historical context - England in the 19th century: from private to public protection of property rights . 12 2.3.2 Data and Results . 16 2.3.2.1 Data . 16 2.3.2.2 Results . 19 2.4 Model . 24 2.4.1 Setup . 25 2.4.1.1 Production . 25 2.4.1.2 Agents, preferences and endowments . 26 2.4.1.3 Insecure property and law enforcement . 27 2.4.1.4 Timing . 29 2.4.2 Intra-temporal Equilibrium . 29 2.4.2.1 Theft game . 29 2.4.2.2 Equilibrium in the factor markets . 34 2.4.2.3 Individual income . 35 2.4.2.4 Consumption and bequests . 35 ∗ 2.4.2.5 Individual’s preferred tax rate ti,t . 36 2.4.2.6 Implemented tax rate . 38 2.5 Dynamic Analysis . 39 2.5.1 Aggregate capital accumulation . 39 2.5.2 Individual share of capital . 39 v 2.6 Results and Discussion . 42 2.6.1 Tax rate tt and law enforcement et during the process of devel- opment . 42 2.6.2 Discussion . 44 2.7 Conclusions . 47 Appendix 2 . 49 2.A Proofs . 49 2.A.1 Proof of Lemmas . 49 2.A.2 Proofs of Propositions . 54 2.B Figures . 55 2.C Data . 56 2.C.1 Occupations in the 1831 census . 56 2.C.1.1 Agricultural occupations and agricultural inequality . 56 2.C.1.2 Urban occupations . 56 2.C.2 Sample . 57 3 FISCAL WEAKNESS, THE (UNDER-)PROVISION OF PUBLIC SERVICES, AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORM 59 3.1 Introduction .
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