Comparative Study of Current Practices of Selected
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CURRENT PRACTICES OF SELECTED UNIVERSITY-BASED CHILDREN’S CHORUS DIRECTORS IN RELATION TO ARTS INTEGRATION by Sally C. Brown A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida December 2013 ! © Copyright Sally C. Brown 2013 ii!! A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CURRENT PRACTICES OF SELECTED UNIVERSITY-BASED CHILDREN'S CHORUS DIRECTORS IN RELATION TO ARTS INTEGRATION by Sally C. Brown This dissertation was prepared under the direction of the candidate's dissertation advisor, Dr. Patricia P. Fleitas, Department of Music, and has been approved by the members of her supervisory committee. It was submitted to the faculty of the Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters and was accepted in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. COMMIT Patricia P. Fleitas, D.M.A. Dissertation Advisor Brian McConnell, Ph.D., R.P.A. Michael J. Hot well, Ph.D. Director, Comparative Studies Program Heather Coltman, D.M.A. Interim Dean The Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters Dean, Graduate College 111 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is not possible to fulfill a project such as this without the proper guidance. Dr. Patricia P. Fleitas, dissertation chair, has been my mentor since she encouraged me to begin this amazing path. Without her inspiration, this journey may never have been undertaken. I would also like to recognize the incredible support and guidance I received from my committee, Susannah L. Brown, Brian McConnell, and Graciella Cruz-Taura. iv! ! ABSTRACT Author: Sally C. Brown Title: A Comparative Study of Current Practices of Selected University-Based Children’s Chorus Directors in Relation to Arts Integration Institution: Florida Atlantic University Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Patricia P. Fleitas Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Year: 2013 There is limited research available focusing on arts integration at the secondary school level and even less on a children’s chorus curriculum. Therefore, the aim of this qualitative study is to investigate the application of arts integration in a university-based children’s chorus based on historical research, rehearsal observations, and interviews of practicing children’s chorus directors. The pedagogical practices and philosophies of three prominent children’s chorus directors, Robyn Lana, Henry Leck, and Ann Small were conducted to understand the relationship between arts integration theory and practice in their respective children’s choruses. The criteria used to select the participants of this study is based upon their tenure in the field of choral music education, national and international recognition, their publications on music education for children, and their expertise on the child and adolescent singing voice. One of the principal objectives of this study is to discover if the participant’s are currently implementing arts integration v!! in their respective children’s choruses and, if not, would they be amenable to implementing this type of pedagogy? The study’s research criteria focuses on two possible factors: 1) the expectations of a high level of artistic performance that could affect time availability presenting obstacles to implementing arts integration, and 2) identifying the philosophy and practice towards arts integration amongst the selected children’s chorus directors. The study suggests that a choral curriculum based on arts integration does not appear to diminish or interfere with the rehearsal process in preparation for the choral performance but rather, enhance the total learning and performance outcomes. Research data also suggests the need for materials and resources to assist with the application of an arts integrated curriculum. The three participants acknowledge the value of this type of pedagogy as well as the significance of future research to aid in applying this methodology. Sample lesson plans and choral literature representative of repertoire conducive to creating lesson plans based on arts integration strategies are found in the appendices. However, additional qualitative and quantitative studies are needed to promote arts integration at the secondary choral level. vi! ! DEDICATION Thank you to my loving family that has given so much so that I could pursue my degree and complete this project. To Michael, my husband and Emily, my daughter, thank you for your sacrifice of family time and your unending encouragement towards this endeavor. To my parents, Robert and Helen Cerjan, I give you this as my gift of love for all your years of love and guidance. To my friends, Edgar, Krisztina, Laura and countless others, without your continued support and encouragement, this may never have come to fruition. I am truly blessed to have such love and support in my life. ! A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CURRENT PRACTICES OF SELECTED UNIVERSITY-BASED CHILDREN’S CHORUS DIRECTORS IN RELATION TO ARTS INTEGRATION LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. ix! INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1! Statement of the Problem ........................................................................................ 4! Significance of Study .............................................................................................. 5! Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................... 7! Purpose of Study ................................................................................................... 11! Research Questions ............................................................................................... 12! Principles of Research ........................................................................................... 13! Chapter Summaries and Organization of the Study .............................................. 14! Participants ............................................................................................................ 17! Primary Audience ................................................................................................. 19! Methodology ......................................................................................................... 19! Summary ............................................................................................................... 23! CHAPTER ONE: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ........................................................ 24! Choral Music Education: Development and Influences ....................................... 24! Children’s Choir Movement ................................................................................. 32! Southern Baptist Influences and the Children’s Chorus ....................................... 34! Growth in University and Professional Choruses ................................................. 35! Decades of Change for Music in the Schools ....................................................... 38! Societal Influences ................................................................................................ 39! 20th Century Initiatives and Leaders ..................................................................... 40! Adverse Trends in Music Education ..................................................................... 44! Support for a University-based Children’s Chorus ............................................... 45! CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................... 46! Music Education: The Pendulum Swings ............................................................. 47! Assessment and the Arts ....................................................................................... 48! Support for Arts Integration .................................................................................. 51! Children’s Chorus Defined ................................................................................... 52! Community Outreach ............................................................................................ 53! Arts Integration Defined ....................................................................................... 57 vii Arts Integration at the Secondary Level ............................................................... 60! Teaching for Transfer and Arts Integration .......................................................... 63! Research and Studies Supporting Arts Integration ............................................... 67! Arts Integration and National Standards ............................................................... 72! CHAPTER THREE: INTERVIEWS AND OBSERVATIONS ....................................... 74! Overview ............................................................................................................... 74! Defining the Choirs ............................................................................................... 75! Observation Summary .......................................................................................... 79! Analysis And Outcomes ....................................................................................... 87! Creativity Leads to Transfer of Knowledge .............................................. 87! A New Way of Thinking and Teaching ...................................................