The Septum Pellucidum (Also Called the Septum Lucidum) Is a Thin, Triangular, Vertical Membrane Separating the Lateral Ventricles of the Brain

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

The Septum Pellucidum (Also Called the Septum Lucidum) Is a Thin, Triangular, Vertical Membrane Separating the Lateral Ventricles of the Brain

SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM The septum pellucidum (also called the septum lucidum) is a thin, triangular, vertical membrane separating the lateral ventricles of the brain. It separates the anterior horn of the left and right lateral ventricles. It runs as a sheet from the corpus callosum down to the fornix. The septum pellucidum is located in the midline of the brain, between the two cerebral hemispheres. It is attached superiorly (above), anteriorly (in front), and inferiorly (below) to the corpus callosum, the large collection of nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres. Inferiorly and posteriorly (in back), it is attached to the anterior part of the fornix. The septum pellucidum actually consists of two layers or laminae of both white and gray matter, called the laminae septi pellucidi. These layers are normally fused. Brain Architecture Management (BAMS) Maj (1997) – human paleocortex septal area septum pellucidum Bowden (2002) – human brain forebrain telencephalon cerebral cortex septum septal nuclei dorsal septal nucleus lateral septal nucleus medial septal nucleus nucleus of anterior commisssure nucleus of diagonal band nucleus of stria terminalis septofimbrial nucleus triangular septal nucleus septum pellucidum cave of septum pellucidum lamina of septum pellucidum Swanson (1992) – rat brain forebrain isocortex septal region bed nuclei of the stria terminalis bed nuclei of the anterior commissure lateral septal nucleus medial septal complex posterior septal complex septohippocampal nucleus subfornical organ Hof (2000) – mouse telencephalon neocortex septal region bed nucleus of the stria terminalis bed nucleus of the stria medullaris lateral septum complex medial septum complex posterior septum complex septohippocampal nucleus subfornical organ zona limitans Paxinos/Franklin (2001) – mouse forebrain cerebral cortex septum lambdoid septal zone lateral septal nucleus medial septal nucleus nucleus of the diagonal band septofimbrial nucleus septohippocampal nucleus Swanson (1998, 2004) – rat cerebrum cerebral cortex Dong (2007) – mouse cerebrum cerebral cortex cortical plate isocortex MA brain (p) forebrain (p) telencephalon (synonym: cerebrum) (p) cerebral hemisphere (synonym: cerebrum) (p) cerebral cortex (p) neocortex (synonym: cerebral cortex) (p) septum of telencephalon (MA:0000924) (septal area, septal region) (p) septal nucleus (MA:0002978) (i) bed nucleus of stria terminalis (i) lateral septal complex (i) medial septal complex (i) posterior septal complex (i) septohippocampal nucleus (i) subfornical organ (p) septum pellucidum (MA:0002979) (synonym: septum lucidum) FMA .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Harold Brockhaus. the Finer Anatomy of the Septum and of the Striatum
NIH LIBRARY TRANSLATION (NIH-81-109) J Psychol Neurol 51 (1/2):1-56 (1942). THE FINER ANATOMY OF THE SEPTUM AND OF THE STRIATUM WITH 72 ILLUSTRATIONS BY Harold Brockhaus From the Institute of the German Brain Research Association, Neustadt im Schwarzwald (Director: Prof. 0. Vogt) CONTENTS Introduction Preliminary remarks: Material and technical data Results I. The Gray Masses of the Septum. Discussion of the results II. The Striatum a) Fundus striati Supplement: 1. Insulae olfactoriae striatales 2. The cortex of the Tuberculum olfactorium 3. Nucleus subcaudatus b) Nucleus caudatus c) Putamen Discussion of the results Summary Literature INTRODUCTION It is the purpose of this publication to investigate, more thoroughly than done before, the structure of the gray masses of the septum1 and striatum (as interpreted by C. and 0. Vogt, Spatz and others), using cyto and myelo-architectonic methods. It is not customary in general to study both fields jointly, as done in this publication. When doing so here, it was intended to clarify recurrent opinions voiced in earlier and recent literature on the more or less close morphogenetic, structural and thereby possibly also functional correlations between these two fields of between parts of the latter (by means of a study focused on the finer structural conditions within this area in the mature human and primate brain) (Maynert, Kappers, Johnston, Kuhlenbeck, Rose, among others). Moreover, the gray masses of the septum and striatum are to be studied, principally in the oral area of the latter (N. accumbens, Ziehen), generally believed so far to originate from the encephalon. The structural correlation between the above and the ventral and ventrocaudal adjoining prothalamatic nuclei is to be investigated2 which, in a wider sense, belong to the hypothalamus and therefore to the mid-brain.
[Show full text]
Approach to Brain Malformations
Approach to Brain Malformations A General Imaging Approach to Brain CSF spaces. This is the basis for development of the Dandy- Malformations Walker malformation; it requires abnormal development of the cerebellum itself and of the overlying leptomeninges. Whenever an infant or child is referred for imaging because of Looking at the midline image also gives an idea of the relative either seizures or delayed development, the possibility of a head size through assessment of the craniofacial ratio. In the brain malformation should be carefully investigated. If the normal neonate, the ratio of the cranial vault to the face on child appears dysmorphic in any way (low-set ears, abnormal midline images is 5:1 or 6:1. By 2 years, it should be 2.5:1, and facies, hypotelorism), the likelihood of an underlying brain by 10 years, it should be about 1.5:1. malformation is even higher, but a normal appearance is no guarantee of a normal brain. In all such cases, imaging should After looking at the midline, evaluate the brain from outside be geared toward showing a structural abnormality. The to inside. Start with the cerebral cortex. Is the thickness imaging sequences should maximize contrast between gray normal (2-3 mm)? If it is too thick, think of pachygyria or matter and white matter, have high spatial resolution, and be polymicrogyria. Is the cortical white matter junction smooth or acquired as volumetric data whenever possible so that images irregular? If it is irregular, think of polymicrogyria or Brain: Pathology-Based Diagnoses can be reformatted in any plane or as a surface rendering.
[Show full text]
Connection Interfaces Between Neuronal Elements and Structures Inside Greater Limbic System
Rom J Leg Med [21] 137-148 [2013] DOI: 10.4323/rjlm.2013.137 © 2013 Romanian Society of Legal Medicine Connection interfaces between neuronal elements and structures inside greater limbic system. Evaluation in forensic psycho-affective pathology Gheorghe S. Dragoi1, Petru Razvan Melinte2, Liviu Radu3 _________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: The authors achieved a macroanatomic analysis on the location and relations of neuronal structures and elements inside transitional mesocortex and archicortex in order to visualize the connection interfaces of greater limbic system. The analysis was performed on human encephalon using subsystems generally homologated by neuroanatomists: lobus limbicus, hippocampal formation, prefrontal cortex, lobus insularis and subcortical structures. Equally, they performed a research of the literature on the implication of connection interfaces from paralimbic, limbic and archicortex areas, into forensic psycho-affective ortology and pathology. The study draws the attention to time and space development of terminology and homologation of some new concepts bound to multifunctional subsystems such as: medial temporal lobe memory system, prefrontal cortex and limbic midbrain area. Key Words: greater limbic system, transitional mesocortex, archicortex euroanatomy registered remarkable progress (proneocortical or paralimbic zone and periarchicortical or by the diversity of morph-functional and limbic zone); hippocampal formation (with two regions: N anatomic-clinical
[Show full text]
Fos Activation of Selective Afferents to Ventral Tegmental Area During Cue-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Rats
The Journal of Neuroscience, September 19, 2012 • 32(38):13309–13325 • 13309 Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive Fos Activation of Selective Afferents to Ventral Tegmental Area during Cue-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Rats Stephen V. Mahler and Gary S. Aston-Jones Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425 Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons are crucial for appetitive responses to Pavlovian cues, including cue-induced reinstate- ment of drug seeking. However, it is unknown which VTA inputs help activate these neurons, transducing stimuli into salient cues that drive drug-seeking behavior. Here we examined 56 VTA afferents from forebrain and midbrain that are Fos activated during cue-induced reinstatement. We injected the retrograde tracer cholera toxin ␤ subunit (CTb) unilaterally into rostral or caudal VTA of male rats. All animalsweretrainedtoself-administercocaine,thenextinguishedofthisbehavior.Onafinaltestday,animalswereexposedtoresponse- contingent cocaine-associated cues, extinction conditions, a non-cocaine-predictive CSϪ, or a novel environment, and brains were processed to visualize CTb and Fos immunoreactivity to identify VTA afferents activated in relation to behaviors. VTA-projecting neurons in subregions of medial accumbens shell, ventral pallidum, elements of extended amygdala, and lateral septum (but not pre- frontal cortex) were activated specifically during cue-induced cocaine seeking, and some of these were also activated proportionately to the degree of cocaine seeking. Surprisingly, though efferents from the lateral hypothalamic orexin field were also Fos activated during reinstatement, these were largely non-orexinergic. Also, VTA afferents from the rostromedial tegmental nucleus and lateral habenula were specifically activated during extinction and CSϪ tests, when cocaine was not expected.
[Show full text]
Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 73-20,651
TIME OF ORIGIN OF BASAL FOREBRAIN NEURONS IN THE MOUSE: AN AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Creps, Elaine Sue, 1946- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 05:12:20 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290321 INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Paga(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material.
[Show full text]
Cavum Septi Pellucidi in Tourette Syndrome Karen J
Yale University EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library School of Medicine 2002 Cavum septi pellucidi in Tourette Syndrome Karen J. Kim Yale University Follow this and additional works at: http://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ymtdl Recommended Citation Kim, Karen J., "Cavum septi pellucidi in Tourette Syndrome" (2002). Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library. 2790. http://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ymtdl/2790 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Medicine at EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. It has been accepted for inclusion in Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library by an authorized administrator of EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. For more information, please contact [email protected]. med Thesis T113 +Y12 6S27 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from The National Endowment for the Humanities and the Arcadia Fund https://archive.org/details/cavumseptipellucOOkimk I Cavum Septi Pellucidi in Tourette Syndrome A Thesis Submitted to the Yale University School of Medicine in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine by Karen J. Kim 2002 AUGz YALE MEDICAL LIBRARY AUG 2 0 2002 CAVUM SEPTI PELLUCID I IN TOURETTE SYNDROME. Karen J. Kim and Bradley S. Peterson. Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. An enlarged cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) has been associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders and is a putative marker of disturbed brain development. The goal of this study was to characterize systematically the CSP and the related cavum vergae in individuals with Tourette Syndrome (TS).
[Show full text]
Memory Loss from a Subcortical White Matter Infarct
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.51.6.866 on 1 June 1988. Downloaded from Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1988;51:866-869 Short report Memory loss from a subcortical white matter infarct CAROL A KOOISTRA, KENNETH M HEILMAN From the Department ofNeurology, College ofMedicine, University ofFlorida, and the Research Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA SUMMARY Clinical disorders of memory are believed to occur from the dysfunction of either the mesial temporal lobe, the mesial thalamus, or the basal forebrain. Fibre tract damage at the level of the fornix has only inconsistently produced amnesia. A patient is reported who suffered a cerebro- vascular accident involving the posterior limb of the left internal capsule that resulted in a persistent and severe disorder of verbal memory. The inferior extent of the lesion effectively disconnected the mesial thalamus from the amygdala and the frontal cortex by disrupting the ventral amygdalofugal and thalamic-frontal pathways as they course through the diencephalon. This case demonstrates that an isolated lesion may cause memory loss without involvement of traditional structures associated with memory and may explain memory disturbances in other white matter disease such as multiple sclerosis and lacunar state. Protected by copyright. Memory loss is currently believed to reflect grey day of his illness the patient was transferred to Shands matter damage of either the mesial temporal lobe,' -4 Teaching Hospital at the University of Florida for further the mesial or the basal forebrain.'0 l evaluation. thalamus,5-9 Examination at that time showed the patient to be awake, Cerebrovascular accidents resulting in memory dys- alert, attentive and fully oriented.
[Show full text]
Certain Olfactory Centers of the Forebrain of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca)
CERTAIN OLFACTORY CENTERS OF THE FOREBRAIN OF THE GIANT PANDA (AILUROPODA MELANOLEUCA) EDWARD W. LAUER Department of Anatomy, University of Michigan THIRTEEN FIGURE6 INTRODUCTION In the spring of 1946 the Laboratory of Comparative Neu- rology at the University of Michigan received from Professor Fred A. Mettler of Columbia University the brain of a giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) for histological study. This had been obtained from a mature female melanoleuca, Pan Dee, presented to the New York Zoological Society in 1941 through United China Relief by Mme. Chiang Kai-shek and Mme. H. H. Kung, and which Bad died in the fall of 1945 from acute paralytic enteritis and peritonitis. A report on the topographical anatomy of the brain was made by Mettler and Goss ( '46) who concluded that externally it is identical with that of the bear. Unfortunately, practically no work has been done on the histological structure of the ursine brain making it impossible to compare its microscopic structure with that of the panda. The panda brain was fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 30 p. Alternate sections were stained in cresyl violet for cell study and in Weil for demonstration of fiber tracts. Another gross panda brain, also obtained from Pro- ' This investigation was aided by grants from the Horace H. Rackhsm School of Graduate Studies of the University of Michigan and from the A. B. Brower and E. R. Arn Medical Research and Scholarship Fund. 213 214 EDWARD W. LAUER fessor Mettler, was available for orientation. The photo- micrographs used for the illustrations were made with the assistance of Mr.
[Show full text]
Neuroanatomy Dr
Neuroanatomy Dr. Maha ELBeltagy Assistant Professor of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine The University of Jordan 2018 Prof Yousry 10/15/17 A F B K G C H D I M E N J L Ventricular System, The Cerebrospinal Fluid, and the Blood Brain Barrier The lateral ventricle Interventricular foramen It is Y-shaped cavity in the cerebral hemisphere with the following parts: trigone 1) A central part (body): Extends from the interventricular foramen to the splenium of corpus callosum. 2) 3 horns: - Anterior horn: Lies in the frontal lobe in front of the interventricular foramen. - Posterior horn : Lies in the occipital lobe. - Inferior horn : Lies in the temporal lobe. rd It is connected to the 3 ventricle by body interventricular foramen (of Monro). Anterior Trigone (atrium): the part of the body at the horn junction of inferior and posterior horns Contains the glomus (choroid plexus tuft) calcified in adult (x-ray&CT). Interventricular foramen Relations of Body of the lateral ventricle Roof : body of the Corpus callosum Floor: body of Caudate Nucleus and body of the thalamus. Stria terminalis between thalamus and caudate. (connects between amygdala and venteral nucleus of the hypothalmus) Medial wall: Septum Pellucidum Body of the fornix (choroid fissure between fornix and thalamus (choroid plexus) Relations of lateral ventricle body Anterior horn Choroid fissure Relations of Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle Roof : genu of the Corpus callosum Floor: Head of Caudate Nucleus Medial wall: Rostrum of corpus callosum Septum Pellucidum Anterior column of the fornix Relations of Posterior horn of the lateral ventricle •Roof and lateral wall Tapetum of the corpus callosum Optic radiation lying against the tapetum in the lateral wall.
[Show full text]
The Neuromodulatory Basis of Emotion
1 The Neuromodulatory Basis of Emotion Jean-Marc Fellous Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California The Neuroscientist 5(5):283-294,1999. The neural basis of emotion can be found in both the neural computation and the neuromodulation of the neural substrate mediating behavior. I review the experimental evidence showing the involvement of the hypothalamus, the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex in emotion. For each of these structures, I show the important role of various neuromodulatory systems in mediating emotional behavior. Generalizing, I suggest that behavioral complexity is partly due to the diversity and intensity of neuromodulation and hence depends on emotional contexts. Rooting the emotional state in neuromodulatory phenomena allows for its quantitative and scientific study and possibly its characterization. Key Words: Neuromodulation, Emotion, Affect, Hypothalamus, Amygdala, Prefrontal the behavior1 that this substrate mediates. The Introduction neuromodulation of 'cognitive centers' results in phenomena pertaining to emotional influences of The scientific study of the neural basis of cognitive processing. Neuromodulations of memory emotion is an active field of experimental and structures explain the influence of emotion on theoretical research (See (1,2) for reviews). Partly learning and recall; the neuromodulation of specific because of a lack of a clear definition (should it reflex pathways explains the influence of the exists) of what emotion is, and probably because of emotional state on elementary motor behaviors, and its complexity, it has been difficult to offer a so forth... neuroscience framework in which the influence of The instantaneous pattern of such modulations emotion on behavior can be studied in a (i.e.
[Show full text]
Interactions Between Hippocampus and Medial Septum During Sharp Waves and Theta Oscillation in the Behaving Rat
The Journal of Neuroscience, July 15, 1999, 19(14):6191–6199 Interactions between Hippocampus and Medial Septum during Sharp Waves and Theta Oscillation in the Behaving Rat George Dragoi,1 Daniel Carpi,1 Michael Recce,2 Jozsef Csicsvari,1 and Gyo¨ rgy Buzsa´ki1 1Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07102, and 2Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 The medial septal region and the hippocampus are connected Because both SPW and the negative peak of local theta waves reciprocally via GABAergic neurons, but the physiological role correspond to the maximum discharge probability of CA1 py- of this loop is still not well understood. In an attempt to reveal ramidal cells and interneuron classes, the findings indicate that the physiological effects of the hippocamposeptal GABAergic the activity of medial septal neurons can be negatively (during projection, we cross-correlated hippocampal sharp wave SPW) or positively (during theta waves) correlated with the (SPW) ripples or theta activity and extracellular units recorded activity of hippocampal interneurons. We hypothesize that the in the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca (MSDB) in functional coupling between medial septal neurons and hip- freely moving rats. The majority of single MSDB cells (60%) pocampal interneurons varies in a state-dependent manner. were significantly suppressed during SPWs. Most cells inhib- ited during SPW (80%) fired rhythmically and phase-locked to Key words: EEG; GABAergic neurons; interneurons; ripples; the negative peak of the CA1 pyramidal layer theta waves. cholinergic system; lateral septum The septal region and the hippocampus are connected recipro- early formulation, neurons in the MSDB have been assumed to cally (Raisman, 1966).
[Show full text]
Absence of the Septum Pellucidum Associated with a Midline Fornical Nodule and Ventriculomegaly: a Report of Two Cases
J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25: 970-3 ISSN 1011-8934 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.6.970 Absence of the Septum Pellucidum Associated with a Midline Fornical Nodule and Ventriculomegaly: A Report of Two Cases We report two autopsy cases that revealed the partial absence of the septum pellu- Yi Kyeong Chun1, Hye Sun Kim1, cidum with ventriculomegaly. In each case, the brain showed mild dilatation of both Sung Ran Hong1, and Je G. Chi 2 frontal horns of the lateral ventricles, normal third and fourth ventricles and no aque- Department of Pathology1, Cheil General Hospital and ductal stenosis. The posterior portion of the septum pellucidum was absent and the Women’s Healthcare Center, Kwandong University fornices were fused in a single midline nodule, abnormally displaced to a caudal posi- College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Pathology2, tion and lodged in the foramina of Monro. The brain base showed no apparent abnor- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, malities; the optic nerves were well developed. We conclude that the caudally dis- Korea placed fornix in the absence of the septum pellucidum may have intermittently obst- Received : 24 December 2008 ructed the foramina of Monro and induced mild ventriculomegaly. Accepted : 13 May 2009 Key Words : Septum Pellucidum; Fornix, Brain; Hydrocephalus; Ventriculomegaly Address for Correspondence Yi Kyeong Chun, M.D. Department of Pathology, Cheil General Hospital and Women’s Healthcare Center, Kwandong University ⓒ 2010 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences. College of Medicine, 13 Haksa-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 100-380, Korea License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, Tel : +82.2-2000-7663, Fax : +82.2-2000-7779 distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
[Show full text]