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Billerica, Massachusetts BILLERICA, MASSACHUSETTS And yet — in fact you need only draw a single thread at any point you choose out of the fabric of life and the run will make a pathway across the whole, and down that wider pathway each of the other threads will become successively visible, one by one. — Heimito von Doderer, DIE DÂIMONEN HDT WHAT? INDEX BILLERICA BILLERICA 1635 October 6, Saturday: The Reverend John Jones arrived in Boston, bringing a large number of settlers destined for the new inland plantation on the meadows of the Musketaquid River, to be called Concord. For the first 17 or 18 years of its existence, until 1653, Simon Willard would be functioning as the Town Clerk of this new inland town. Prior to the arrival of this group of English intrusives, the indigenous Americans had been utilizing as a seasonal campsite the ford of the Musketaquid (meaning “marsh-grass river”) or Concord River in the vicinity at which there is now the Battle Bridge or Old North Bridge. That river ford itself was presumably clear of vegetation and a part of the Great Fields.1 1. Remnants of roadbeds dating to this period before 1650 are still to be noted in the marsh west of the bridge. HDT WHAT? INDEX BILLERICA BILLERICA 1654 In approximately this year the 1st bridge was constructed at the ford of the Concord River, where the Battle Bridge or Old North Bridge now stands, linking Concord to that district of Concord that would become Acton, and to Groton and the world beyond. (I know of no evidence to support what the Park Service now asserts to be “widely held,” that a bridge had been there since the 1630s.) HDT WHAT? INDEX BILLERICA BILLERICA 1659 In Concord, Thomas Brooks was again deputy and representative to the General Court. Concord petitioned the General Court for aid in the maintenance of a bridge in the vicinity of where Battle Bridge or Old North Bridge now stands. MUSKETAQUID HDT WHAT? INDEX BILLERICA BILLERICA 1665 In Concord, Timothy Wheeler was again deputy and representative to the General Court. The native trail of sorts between Concord and Groton was improved, passing over a bridge where Old North Bridge now stands. The 1st bridge across the Concord River at Concord, the one below Joseph Barrett’s, Esq. that went to Lee’s hill, was washed away (this would be replaced in the following year, and a successor to it would come to be known as “South Bridge”). Curiously, these bridges over the north-flowing Sudbury River were being washed out by south-flowing back floods of the Assabet. More generally, bridge damage was largely self- inflicted, because the flood currents were strengthened by more than an order of magnitude owing to the constrictions of causeways and bridge abutments. — Professor Robert M. Thorson, THE BOATMAN, page 56 HDT WHAT? INDEX BILLERICA BILLERICA 1666 In Concord, Timothy Wheeler was again deputy and representative to the General Court. When a fire began in the cellar of the home of Henry Woodhouse (Woodis) in Concord, the snow was about 5 feet deep and the wind was from the north-west and extremely cold. The father and mother and their girls jumped from chamber windows with only their linen on and managed to save themselves from the cold by taking refuge in their hoghouse, driving the pigs out. However, the feet of Mrs. Woodhouse were so badly frozen “as to be a cripple whilst she lived.” The only son, a few weeks old, could not be retrieved from the house and died in the blaze. The bridge across the Concord River at Concord that had washed away in the previous year, the one below Joseph Barrett’s, Esq. that went to Lee’s hill, was replaced by another where the South Bridge would later stand. In Concord, Nathaniel Ball, Sr. recorded ownership of a “house lott” of 13 acres. (This property eventually would become the Alcott family’s “Hillside” and the Hawthorne family’s “The Wayside.”) OLD HOUSES HDT WHAT? INDEX BILLERICA BILLERICA 1699 In Concord, Thomas Brown continued as Town Clerk. At this point Henry Woodhouse (Woodis) owned 350 acres in Concord. His property would eventually be known as Lee’s Hill, named after his son-in-law Dr. Joseph Lee, town physician — until it would revert back to the name Nashawtuk. The trail through Concord to Groton, which had been in existence at least since 1665, was at this point upgraded and incorporated into a Groton Road which ran 200 miles to the British citadel at Crown Point on Lake Champlain, gateway to Québec. The road passed over the Concord River via a bridge near where the Old North Bridge now stands. At some point during the late 17th Century, Captain James Minot had built the home that eventually would become the east wing of Concord’s Colonial Inn (we know he was living there on November 14, 1716). HDT WHAT? INDEX BILLERICA BILLERICA 1750 In Concord, Massachusetts, Ephraim Jones was Town Clerk. John Jones, Ephraim Jones, Nathaniel Whittemore, Ephraim Wood, Simon Hunt, and Joshua Brooks were Selectmen (6 selectmen?). Ephraim Jones, who had since 1745 been the representative from Concord to the Massachusetts General Court, temporarily left that office (he would again be the representative from Concord to the Massachusetts General Court during 1753), and Chambers Russell became the deputy and representative to the General Court. Chambers Russell of Concord was serving as Judge of the Court of Common Pleas and of the Court of Vice- Admiralty. Concord’s 9 Surveyors of Highways and Bridges were increased to 12. James Minott of Concord was an Assistant and Counselor. Since the terrain where the Old North Bridge over the Concord River now stands is quite marshy and vulnerable to flooding, a raised, cobblestone causeway was at this point constructed to allow access during river floods, from the bridge at that location to Jonathan Buttrick’s house in Concord. He donated the land for this road to the town and pledged to build and maintain a stone wall on the road’s north side to protect his farm from travelers. The following table exhibits the appropriations for several objects at different periods in the town of Acton:2 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 Minister £50 £52 £70 £3,562 £80 $353 $353 $363 ___ Schools 13 12 24 2,000 49 333 450 450 450 Roads 26 70 60 800 120 400 500 600 800 Incidental 20 12 80 10,000 100 500 1,000 1,400 600 At about this point Ammi Ruhammah Faulkner created the Grist Mill, sometimes referred to as the Corn Mill, at “Mill Corner” in South Acton. During this year or the following year, A-1-1-1-2 Hannah Hosmer Post, who had been born during 1671, died. She had been married to Stephen Post, who had been born on December 3d, 1664 and would die on May 16th, 1752. 2. Lemuel Shattuck’s 1835 A HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF CONCORD;.... Boston: Russell, Odiorne, and Company; Concord MA: John Stacy (On or about November 11, 1837 Henry Thoreau would indicate a familiarity with the contents of at least pages 2-3 and 6-9 of this historical study.) HDT WHAT? INDEX BILLERICA BILLERICA 1760 Construction, or reconstruction, of an “Old North Bridge” across the Concord River. The Concord River I find nothing more fit to compare it with than one of the half- torpid earthworms I dig up for bait. The worm is sluggish and so is the river. The river is muddy and so is the worm. You hardly know whether either be alive or dead. But, still, in the course of time they both creep away. Upon a selectmen’s petition to the General Court, a lottery was sponsored to raise money for bridge work. What would be built consisted of five sets of pilings with railings on both sides, a simple oak bridge with a surface of loose planking which might be rearranged by wagon drivers or military units as necessary. It was this loose plank surface which the British soldiers would attempt to remove to impede the crossing of the militia formation during the infamous 1775 dustup. HDT WHAT? INDEX BILLERICA BILLERICA 1770 In Concord, Jonas Heywood, James Chandler, David Brown, Humphrey Barrett, and Jonas Minott were Selectmen. (Concord’s five selectmen would henceforth be reduced to three.) In Concord, John Beaton continued as Town Treasurer. Jonas Heywood became Town Clerk. James Barrett was Concord’s deputy and representative to the General Court. David Brown, who lived near the Old North Bridge over the Concord River, was paid by Concord to care for the causeway and wall associated with this bridge.3 The following table exhibits the appropriations for several objects at different periods in the town of Acton:4 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 Minister £50 £52 £70 £3,562 £80 $353 $353 $363 ___ Schools 13 12 24 2,000 49 333 450 450 450 Roads 26 70 60 800 120 400 500 600 800 Incidental 20 12 80 10,000 100 500 1,000 1,400 600 Nearby Lincoln has been said to have been (despite lack of real statistics upon which to base such a claim) a reasonably healthy town: From 1760 to 1770, to 1780, to 1790, to 1800, to 1810, to 1820, —Total. Intentions of Marriage 56 79 65 69 73 59 =401. Marriages 38 40 35 48 87 56 =274. Births 185 196 186 192 168 164 =1091. Deaths 83 122 104 86 118 94 =607.
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