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Abida Escudiei Sp. Nov. (Gastropoda: Chondrinidae) Du Bassin De L'aude (France)

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Abida Escudiei Sp. Nov. (Gastropoda: Chondrinidae) Du Bassin De L'aude (France) Documents Malacologiques 2 (2001): 27-29. Abida escudiei sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Chondrinidae) du bassin de l'Aude (France) Philippe GENIEZ• et Alain BERTRAND .. INTRODUCTION La partie orientale des Pyrénées est une région à très forte diversité pour les Chondrinidae (Gittenberger, 1973 et 1984), en particulier le genre Abida. Ce genre possède une répartition ouest européenne. Pour le bassin du fleuve Aude au moins 5 taxons sont connus : Abida attenuata (Fagot 1886), A. secale boileausiana (Küster 1845), A. occidentalis (Fagot 1888), A. pyrenaearia vergnesiana (Küster 1850) et A. polyodon '(Draparnaud 1801). Cette grande diversité est très probablement le résultat de 1'histoire très complexe de cette région, quelle soit géologique ou paléo-environnementale. Dans un dépôt de crue du fleuve Aude, au niveau du village de Villedubert (département de l'Aude, France), Pascal ESCUDIE a récolté un lot de 7 coquilles se rapportant au genre Abida (voir Gittenberger, 1973). Les 7 exemplaires morphologiquement très homogènes ne correspondent à aucune description connue. En particulier, ils diffèrent de Abida polyodon par leur crête cervicale et 1' absence des dents du péristome. Ces particularités, retrouvées de façon si tranchées sur tous les exemplaires récoltées, et ne paraissant pas exister chez d'autres taxons de Chondrinidae, nous amène à proposer la description d'une nouvelle espèce connue jusqu'à ce jour uniquement de la station type. ABIDA ESCUDIEI sp. nov. Holotype: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Paratypes: 1 ex. : Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; 3 ex. : col. Ph. Geniez; 2 ex. : col. A. Bertrand. France, départment de l'Aude, Villedubert, berges de l'Aude, dépôt de crue; 43,232 N 12,4.4° E; 17.02.1982. Diagnose (figure 1 a-h). • Coquille fusiforme ; H : 6.9-8.0 x 2.5-2. 7 mm ; spire de 7 'l'2 -10 tours peu convexes ; côtes bien marquées, 12-14 par mm sur l'avant dernier tour, rarement anastomosées; protoconche et premier tour lisse ; crête cervicale très développée et aiguë , plus claire que le reste de la coquille qui est brun clair. • Armature de 1' ouverture : • quatre plis palataux, le supérieur très enfoncé et non visible dans l'ouverture; • deux ou trois plis columellaires, l'inférieur très petit, le médian très développé, le supérieur très enfoncé peu ou pas visible dans l'ouverture vue de face; • angulaire bien développée parfois doublée d'une subangulaire; • une pariétale contigüe à 1' angulaire est bien 'visible ; une seconde pariétale est implantée profondément dans 1' ouverture à gauche de la première. • Péristome blanc, très large et fortement évasé, sinué au niveau de la 3ème palatale ; vu de profil il forme un début de sinus au dessus de la troisième palatale ; il est interrompu ou réduit à un calus peu développé dans la partie pariétale, parfois.avec des ébauches de dents. • Ombilic ouvert en fente très étroite sur la plupart des spécimens. • Anatomie : inconnue. • Laboratoire de Biogéographie et d'Ecologie des Vertébrés, E.P.H.E., UM.2, F-34095 MONTPELLIER cedex 5. •• Laboratoire Souterrain, CNRS, F-09200 MOULIS. 27 Geniez eJ Bertram/, Ab/da escudlei, 11ov.sp. • Derivatio nominis : Pascal ESCUDIE qui a récolté les spécimens étudiés. A. escudiei est assez semblable à A. polyodon ; toutefois, elle en diffère notablement par la crête cervicalé, le péristome sans petites dents et la supra palatale bien visible dans 1' ouverture. A B c D E F G H Figure 1 :Ab/da escudel sp. nov. (Villedubert, Aude) A- E : Holotype ; F-H : paratype. Echelles: 1 mm. DISCUSSION - CONCLUSION Abida escudiei constitue, dans l'état actuel des connaissances, une «énigme ». En effet, elle n'est actuellement connue que d'une récolte de 7 exemplaires de dépôt de crue effectuée dans une région où depuis près de deux siècles quelques malacologues y compris ceux de la «Nouvelle Ecole» ont effectué des recherches. Les exemplaires collectés diffèrent suffisamment et constamment des taxons qui nous sont connus du bassin de l'Aude et sont trop nombreux pour qu'ils s'agissent de monstre d'une des espèces de la faune pyrénéenne ; par de nombreuses caractéristiques elle diffère notablement de A. polyodon qui semble être l'espèce la plus proche. Géographiquement, il est probable qu'il faille rechercher Abida escudiei dans les Corbières ou le Razès, contreforts nord des Pyrénées. Toutefois, deux cours d'eau le Trapel et le Fresquel, qui confluent avec 1' Aude en amont de la station de récolte proviennent des contreforts de la Montage Noire. Sur le même site, en janvier et février 1982 (Ph. GENIEZ et P. ESCUDIE) puis en décembre 1999 et février 2001 (A. BERTRAND) des récoltes ont permis de collecter plus de soixante dix espèces de mollusques aquatiques et terrestres (voir tableau I ci-dessous); une telle diversité 28 Geniez et Bertrand A bida escudei nov. Sp. malacologique suggère que malgré l'importance des recherches menées dans les Pyrénées, il est probable que des taxons aient échappé à toutes les recherches ! REMERCIEMENTS Pascal ESCUDIE qui a récolté les specimens étudiés ; Benoit FONTAINE a réalisé les photographies; qu'ils soient remerciés de leur aide. BIBLIOGRAPHIE GITIENBERGER, E. 1973 Beïtrage zur kenntnis der dispersalists among the Chondrinidae (Gastropoda, Pupillacea 3. Chondrininae. Zoll. Verh., 127 : 1- Pulmonata).ln: A. Solem et A.C. Van Bruggen (éds) 267, 7 pl. World-wide Snails, Leiden, 56-69. GITIENBERGER, E. 1984 Vicariantists and Tableau 1 : Mollusques récoltés dans les dépôts de crue de l'Aude à Villedubert (GENIEZ et ESCUDIE 1982 inédit ; BERTRAND, 2000 et 2001, inédit). Coch/ostoma seplemspirale (RAzOUMOWSKY 1789) Ferussaciafollicula (GMELIN 1790) Pomalias e/egans (0. F. MÜLLER 1774) Rumina deco/lata (L~AEUS 1758) Moilessieria simoniana (SAINT -SIMON 1848) Punctum (Punctum) pygmaeum (DRAP ARNAUD 1801) Bythinella sp 1 et 2 Hebetodiscus inem1is (H. B. BAKER 1929) Valvatapiscinalis (O.F. MÜLLER 1774) Discus (Discus) rotundatus (0. F. MÜLLER 1774) Galba truncatula (O.F. MÜLLER 1774) Zoniloides (Zoniloides) nilidus (0. F. MÜLLER 1774) Physella acuta (DRAP ARNAUD 1805) Euconulus (Euconulus) jùlvus (0. F. MÜLLER 1774) P/anorbis p/anorbis (LINNAEUS 1758) Euconulus (Euconulus) alde ri (GRAY 1840) Anisus seplemgyratus {ROSSMASSLER 1835) Phenacolimax 1najor (A. FERUSSAC 1807) Anisus vortex (LINNAEUS 1758) Vitrea cf. narbonensis (CLESSIN 1877) Carychium minimum O. F. MÜLLER 1774 Vitrea (Subrimatus) subrima/a (REINHARDT 1871) Carychium tridentatum (Rlsso 1826) Aegopinella pura (ALDER 1830) Cochlicopa sp Perpolila hammonis (STROM 1765) Laurio (Lauria) cylindracea (DA COSTA 1778) Oxychilus (Oxychilus) cellarius (0. F. MÜLLER 1774) Granaria variabilis (DRAPARNAUD 1801) Oxychilus (Oxychilus) dra}iamaudi {BECK 1837) So/atop;pa similis (BRUGUIERE) Helicodonla obvoluta (0. F. MÜLLER 1774) Abida secale secale(DRAPARNAUD 1801) Cochlicella acuta (0. F. MÜLLER 1774) Abida seca/e boileausiana (KOSTER 1845) Monacha (Monacha) cartusiana (0. F. MÜLLER 1774) Ab ida bigerrensis (MOQUIN-TENDON 1856) Trochoidea (Trochoidea) elegans (GMELIN 1791) · Abida polyodon (DRAP ARNAUD 1801) Trichia (Trichia) hispida (LINNAEUS 1758) Chondrina avenacea (BRUGUIERE 1792) Trichia (Trichia) sericea (DRAPARNAUD 1801) Pupilla muscorum bigranata (ROSSMASSLER 1839) Tricl1ia (Trichia) plebeia (DRAP ARNAUD 1805) Pyramidula rupestris (DRAP ARNAUD 1801) Candidula unifasciata rugosiuscula (MICHAUD 1831) Vallonia costa/a (0. F. MÜLLER 1774) Microxeromagna annillata (R.T. LoWE 1852) Acanlhinula aculeata (0. F. MÜLLER 1774) Xerosecla cespilum arigonis (A. SCHMIDT 1853) Truncatellina callicratis (SCACCHI 1833) Xerosecta explanata (0. F. MÜLLER 1774) Vertigo (Vertigo) pygmaea (DRAPARNAUD 1801) Hygromia cine/ella (DRAP ARNAUD 1801) Vertigo (Vertigo) angustior JEFFREYS 1830 Helicigona lapicida (LINNAEUS 1758) Jaminia (Jaminia) quadridens (O. F. MÜLLER 1774) Cepaea (Cepaea) nemoralis (LINNAEUS 1758) Merdigera obscura (0. F. MÜLLER 1774) Cryptomphalus aspersus (0. F. MOLLER 1774) Cochlodina (Cochlodina} lamina/a (MONT AGU 1803) Eobania vermicula/a (0. F. MOLLER 1774) Clausilia bidentala (STROM 1765) Theba pisana (0. F. MÜLLER 1774) Clausilia rugosa ssp. (DRAP ARNAUD 1801) Sphaerium corneum (Linnaeus 1758) Oxy/oma elegans (Rlsso 1826) Pisidium sp. Cecilioides (Cecilioides) acicula (0. F. MÜLLER 1774) Corbiculaflumminea (0. F. Millier 1774) 29 .
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