Features of Parliamentary Websites in Selected Jurisdictions
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Chapter 43 Electoral Statistics
CHAPTER 43 ELECTORAL STATISTICS 43.1 India is a constitutional democracy with a parliamentary system of government, and at the heart of the system is a commitment to hold regular, free and fair elections. These elections determine the composition of the Government, the membership of the two houses of parliament, the state and union territory legislative assemblies, and the Presidency and vice-presidency. Elections are conducted according to the constitutional provisions, supplemented by laws made by Parliament. The major laws are Representation of the People Act, 1950, which mainly deals with the preparation and revision of electoral rolls, the Representation of the People Act, 1951 which deals, in detail, with all aspects of conduct of elections and post election disputes. 43.2 The Election Commission of India is an autonomous, quasi-judiciary constitutional body of India. Its mission is to conduct free and fair elections in India. It was established on 25 January, 1950 under Article 324 of the Constitution of India. Since establishment of Election Commission of India, free and fair elections have been held at regular intervals as per the principles enshrined in the Constitution, Electoral Laws and System. The Constitution of India has vested in the Election Commission of India the superintendence, direction and control of the entire process for conduct of elections to Parliament and Legislature of every State and to the offices of President and Vice- President of India. The Election Commission is headed by the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners. There was just one Chief Election Commissioner till October, 1989. In 1989, two Election Commissioners were appointed, but were removed again in January 1990. -
Joint Committee on Public Petitions, Houses of the Oireachtas, Republic
^<1 AM p,I , .S' Ae RECEIVED r , ,1FEB2i2{ a Co GII C' CS, I ^'b' Via t\ SGIrbhis Thith an 01 ea htais @ Houses of the Oireachtas Service TITHE AN O^REACHTAZS . AN COMHCH01STE UM ACHAINtOCHA ON bPOBAL HOUSES OF THE OrREACHTAS JOINT COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC PET^TiONS SUBM^SS^ON OF THE SECRETARIAT OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC PETITIONS - IRELAND ^NqUIRY INTO THE FUNCTIONS, PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES . OF THE STANDING COMMITrEE ON ENv^RONMENT AND PUBLrc AFFAIRS LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL WESTERN AUSTRAL^A Houses of the Oireachtas Leinster House Kildare St Dublin 2 Do2 xR2o Ireland ,.,. February 2020 II'~ API ~~ ~, I -,/' -.<,, ,:; -.. t . Contents I . I n trod u ct io n ...,............................................................................................................ 4 2. Joint Committee on Public Service Oversight and Public Petitions 2 0 I I - 2 0 I 6 ..........................................................,.,,.....,.,,.,,,....................................... 5 3. Composition, Purpose, Powers of the Joint Committee on Public Service Oversig ht a rid Pu blic Petitions 201 I- 2016. .................................... 6 3.2 The Joint sub-Committee on Pu blic Petitions 2011 '20/6 ................,..,,,. 7 3.3 The Joint Sub-Committee on the Ombudsman 2011-2016. ................... 9 4. Joint Committee on Public Petitions 2016 - 2020 ...................................,. 10 4.2. Functions of the Joint Committee on Public Petitions 201.6-2020 .... 10 4.3. Powers of the Joint Committee on Public Petitions 201.6-2020 ..... 10 Figu re I : Differences of remit between Joint Committees ........,................,. 12 5 . Ad mis si bi lity of P etitio n s ...................,.., . .................... ....,,,, ... ... ......,.,,,.,.,....... 14 5.2 . In ad missi bin ty of Petitio ns .,,,........,,,,,,,,.., ................... ..,,,........ ., .,. .................. Is 5.3. Consideration of Petitio ns by the Committee. -
Guidelines for Teachers Module 6 - European Parliament Role Play Game
GUIDELINES FOR TEACHERS MODULE 6 - EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ROLE PLAY GAME This role play game puts your pupils in the shoes of a Member of the European Parliament. For one to two hours, your classroom becomes the European Parliament itself, and your pupils discuss how they would tackle current EU topics like global warming, tobacco rules and an EU army. This role play game will help your pupils to develop their democratic skills. These skills include developing a critical opinion, debating skills and learning to make compromises. First, pupils work in smaller groups - parliamentary committees - on a legislative proposal from the European Commission. They use a game board with thematic cards. While amending the legislative proposal, they must take into account the different points of view of the Council of the European Union and other stakeholders. There are five topics to choose from, of different difficulty levels. Second, there is a plenary debate in class, where the groups present their adapted laws. This is followed by a class vote. Finally, there is a thorough debriefing and evaluation of the role play game, pointing out the similarities and differences between the classroom exercise and reality. METHODOLOGY DURATION MATERIALS Role play game: work 25 mins - Game board for each group in parliamentary committees - Worksheet for each group - Set of theme cards for each group. The cards need to be printed on one side and cut out. - Thematic legislative proposal of the European Commission for each group. Role play game: 10 mins per - Blackboard/flipchart + chalk/marker plenary debate and theme vote - Filled-in worksheet for each group Debriefing and 15 mins to 1 - Computer + projector evaluation hour - Presentation of part 6 Disclaimer Neither the form nor the content of this exercise offer a complete and correct representation of reality, nor do they represent the actual points of view of the European Parliament, the European Commission, the Council of the European Union or the lobby groups. -
Unicode Request for Cyrillic Modifier Letters Superscript Modifiers
Unicode request for Cyrillic modifier letters L2/21-107 Kirk Miller, [email protected] 2021 June 07 This is a request for spacing superscript and subscript Cyrillic characters. It has been favorably reviewed by Sebastian Kempgen (University of Bamberg) and others at the Commission for Computer Supported Processing of Medieval Slavonic Manuscripts and Early Printed Books. Cyrillic-based phonetic transcription uses superscript modifier letters in a manner analogous to the IPA. This convention is widespread, found in both academic publication and standard dictionaries. Transcription of pronunciations into Cyrillic is the norm for monolingual dictionaries, and Cyrillic rather than IPA is often found in linguistic descriptions as well, as seen in the illustrations below for Slavic dialectology, Yugur (Yellow Uyghur) and Evenki. The Great Russian Encyclopedia states that Cyrillic notation is more common in Russian studies than is IPA (‘Transkripcija’, Bol’šaja rossijskaja ènciplopedija, Russian Ministry of Culture, 2005–2019). Unicode currently encodes only three modifier Cyrillic letters: U+A69C ⟨ꚜ⟩ and U+A69D ⟨ꚝ⟩, intended for descriptions of Baltic languages in Latin script but ubiquitous for Slavic languages in Cyrillic script, and U+1D78 ⟨ᵸ⟩, used for nasalized vowels, for example in descriptions of Chechen. The requested spacing modifier letters cannot be substituted by the encoded combining diacritics because (a) some authors contrast them, and (b) they themselves need to be able to take combining diacritics, including diacritics that go under the modifier letter, as in ⟨ᶟ̭̈⟩BA . (See next section and e.g. Figure 18. ) In addition, some linguists make a distinction between spacing superscript letters, used for phonetic detail as in the IPA tradition, and spacing subscript letters, used to denote phonological concepts such as archiphonemes. -
Federal Legislative History
EGAL RESEARCH GUIDE SERIES BASIC RESEARCH GUIDE # 2 FEDERAL LEGISLATIVE HISTORY THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL JACOB BURNS LAW LIBRARY Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 2 I. Compiled Legislative Histories........................................................................................... 3 II. Locating a Bill Number (S. _____ or H.R. _____ ) ............................................................ 4 A. Find the Public Law Number and Statutes at Large Citation ................................. 4 B. Find the Bill Number .............................................................................................. 5 III. Legislative Analysis ............................................................................................................ 6 A. Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports .................................................... 6 B. CQ Weekly .............................................................................................................. 6 IV. Locating Citations to Legislative History Documents ........................................................ 6 A. Legislation 1970 to Date: Online ............................................................................ 6 B. Pre-1970 Legislation: Print ..................................................................................... 8 V. Locating Legislative History Documents .......................................................................... -
KAZAKHSTAN TREND from Totalitarianism to Democratic and Legal State
Astana, 2015 ББК 63.3(5Ка)я6 С 82 Kazakhstan trend: from Totalitarianism to Democratic and Legal State (View from the Outside) / Collection of articles. Executive editor and author of the introduction Doctor of Law, professor, Honored worker of the Republic of Kazakhstan I.I. Rogov, Astana, 2015. – 234 p. ISBN 9965-27-571-8 ББК 63.3(5Ка)я6 Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, drafted on the initiative and under the direct supervision of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan – Leader of the Nation N.A. Nazarbayev, adopted on the nationwide referendum on 30 August 1995, has become a stable political and legal foundation of the state and society, dialectical combination of the best achievements of the world constitutional idea with Kazakhstan values, of the formation of unified constitutional and legal policy and practice, of gradual assertion of real constitutionalism. This publication includes articles, reflecting the opinions of foreign experts on the significance of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the deep and comprehensive reformation of Kazakhstan, its transformation into a modern, strong, successful and prosperous state. The collection also includes analytical comparative materials on the experience of Kazakhstani law and state institutions in comparison with similar branches and institutions of other countries. Among the authors are the representatives of authoritative international organizations, famous politicians, heads of state agencies, world-known scientists from various fields of human knowledge. Publication is interesting and useful for politicians, legislators and law enforcers, academics and wide audience. ISBN 9965-27-571-8 © Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2015 CONTENT INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... -
Resolution Template
RESOLUTION BOOKLET September 30th – October 8th Zagreb, Croatia September 30th – October 8th | Zagreb, Croatia The 68th International Session was supported by: This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 2 September 30th – October 8th | Zagreb, Croatia Programme of the General Assembly Friday, October 7th 2011 Opening of General Assembly 1. Committee on Employment and Social Affairs Coffee Break 2. Committee on Human Rights 3. Committee on Internal Markets and Consumer Affairs 4. Committee on Culture and Education II Lunch 5. Committee on Industry, Trade, Research and Energy I 6. Committee on Foreign Affairs II Coffee Break 7. Committee on Security and Defence 8. Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs Saturday, October 8th 2011 1. Committee on Civil Liberties and Home Affairs 2. Committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety Coffee Break 3. Committee on Crisis 4. Committee on Culture and Education I 5. Committee on Development Lunch 6. Committee on Industry Research and Energy II 7. Committee on Foreign Affairs I 3 September 30th – October 8th | Zagreb, Croatia Procedure of the General Assembly General rules The wish to speak is indicated by raising the committee placard. The authority of the board is absolute. Procedure and time settings Presenting of the motion for the resolution (amendments, operative clauses) Points of information 3 minutes to explain the motion for the resolution 3 minutes to respond on the motion for the resolution Open debate 3 minutes to sum-up the debate Voting procedure Announcing the votes Friendly amendment A friendly amendment is a last minute modifications of a resolution in order to improve it. -
A Comparative Phonetic Study of the Circassian Languages Author(S
A comparative phonetic study of the Circassian languages Author(s): Ayla Applebaum and Matthew Gordon Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Languages of the Caucasus (2013), pp. 3-17 Editors: Chundra Cathcart, Shinae Kang, and Clare S. Sandy Please contact BLS regarding any further use of this work. BLS retains copyright for both print and screen forms of the publication. BLS may be contacted via http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/bls/. The Annual Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistics Society is published online via eLanguage, the Linguistic Society of America's digital publishing platform. A Comparative Phonetic Study of the Circassian Languages1 AYLA APPLEBAUM and MATTHEW GORDON University of California, Santa Barbara Introduction This paper presents results of a phonetic study of Circassian languages. Three phonetic properties were targeted for investigation: voice-onset time for stop consonants, spectral properties of the coronal fricatives, and formant values for vowels. Circassian is a branch of the Northwest Caucasian language family, which also includes Abhaz-Abaza and Ubykh. Circassian is divided into two dialectal subgroups: West Circassian (commonly known as Adyghe), and East Circassian (also known as Kabardian). The West Circassian subgroup includes Temirgoy, Abzekh, Hatkoy, Shapsugh, and Bzhedugh. East Circassian comprises Kabardian and Besleney. The Circassian languages are indigenous to the area between the Caspian and Black Seas but, since the Russian invasion of the Caucasus region in the middle of the 19th century, the majority of Circassians now live in diaspora communities, most prevalently in Turkey but also in smaller outposts throughout the Middle East and the United States. -
No. 17. Parliamentary Committee.Pmd
PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES The work done by the Parliament in modern times is not only varied in nature, but considerable in volume. The time at its disposal is limited. It cannot, therefore, give close consideration to all the legislative and other matters that come up before it. A good deal of its business is, therefore, transacted in Committees of the House, known as Parliamentary Committees. 2. The origin of Committee system in India can be traced back to the Constitutional Reforms of 1919. The Standing Orders of the Central Legislative Assembly provided for a Committee on Petitions relating to Bills, Select Committee on Amendments of Standing Orders, and Select Committee on Bills. There was also a provision for a Public Accounts Committee and a Joint Committee on a Bill. Apart from Committees of the Legislative Assembly, members of both Houses of the Central Legislature also served on the Standing Advisory Committees attached to various Departments of the Government of India. All these Committees were purely advisory in character and functioned under the control of the Government with the Minister-in-charge of the Department acting as the Chairperson of the Committee. 1 3. A Parliamentary Committee means a Committee which is appointed or elected by the House or nominated by the Speaker and which works under the direction of the Speaker and presents its report to the House or to the Speaker and the Secretariat for which is provided by the Lok Sabha Secretariat. 4. Parliamentary Committees are of two types: Standing Committees and Ad -
Non-Enforcement of Court Decisions
01 July – 30 September 2020 QUARTERLY REPORT REPORT FOCUS: NON-ENFORCEMENT OF COURT DECISIONS THE BOC IS FUNDED through the Multi-donor Account for Ukraine set up at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) in 2014. The donors of the Multi-donor Account for Ukraine include: the European the Netherlands Union Denmark Norway Finland Poland France Sweden Germany Switzerland Italy the United Kingdom Japan the United States 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword of the Business Ombudsman 04 Q3 2020 at a glance 06 1. COMPLAINTS TRENDS 08 1.1. Volume and nature of complaints received 08 1.2. Timelines of the preliminary review of complaints 13 1.3. Number of investigations conducted and grounds for dismissing complaints 13 1.4. Timelines of conducting investigations 15 1.5. State bodies subject to the most complaints 16 1.6. Geographical distribution of complaints received 18 1.7. Complainants’ portrait 19 1.8. Report focus: non-enforcement of court decisions 22 1.9. Feedback 30 2. SUMMARY OF KEY MATTERS AND FOLLOW-UP OF RECOMMENDATIONS 32 2.1. Information on closed cases and recommendations provided 32 2.2. Systemic issues identified and solved 38 2.3. Summary of important investigations 40 3. COOPERATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS 68 3.1. The status of the draft law #3607 “On the Business Ombudsman Institution in Ukraine” 68 3.2. Cooperation with state bodies 71 3.3. Regional webinars with the Ministry for Development of Economy, Trade and Agriculture 72 3.4. Knowledge webinars with ACC and UNBA 73 3.5. Public outreach and communications 75 The BOC and the Council are used interchangeably throughout the text to refer to the Business Ombudsman Council. -
Temptation to Control
PrESS frEEDOM IN UKRAINE : TEMPTATION TO CONTROL ////////////////// REPORT BY JEAN-FRANÇOIS JULLIARD AND ELSA VIDAL ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// AUGUST 2010 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// PRESS FREEDOM: REPORT OF FACT-FINDING VISIT TO UKRAINE ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 2 Natalia Negrey / public action at Mykhaylivska Square in Kiev in November of 2009 Many journalists, free speech organisations and opposition parliamentarians are concerned to see the government becoming more and more remote and impenetrable. During a public meeting on 20 July between Reporters Without Borders and members of the Ukrainian parliament’s Committee of Enquiry into Freedom of Expression, parliamentarian Andrei Shevchenko deplored not only the increase in press freedom violations but also, and above all, the disturbing and challenging lack of reaction from the government. The data gathered by the organisation in the course of its monitoring of Ukraine confirms that there has been a significant increase in reports of press freedom violations since Viktor Yanukovych’s election as president in February. LEGISlaTIVE ISSUES The government’s desire to control journalists is reflected in the legislative domain. Reporters Without Borders visited Ukraine from 19 to 21 July in order to accomplish The Commission for Establishing Freedom the first part of an evaluation of the press freedom situation. of Expression, which was attached to the presi- It met national and local media representatives, members of press freedom dent’s office, was dissolved without explanation NGOs (Stop Censorship, Telekritika, SNUJ and IMI), ruling party and opposition parliamentarians and representatives of the prosecutor-general’s office. on 2 April by a decree posted on the president’s At the end of this initial visit, Reporters Without Borders gave a news conference website on 9 April. -
Report on the Foreign Policy of the Czech Republic 2007
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................6 I. MULTILATERAL COOPERATION ................................................................................. 14 1. The Czech Republic and the European Union ........................................................ 14 The Czech Republic and the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy ............. 33 The Czech Republic and European Security and Defence Policy ........................ 42 2. The Czech Republic and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) ............ 48 3. The Czech Republic and Regional Cooperation ..................................................... 74 Visegrad cooperation ............................................................................................. 74 Central European Initiative (CEI) .......................................................................... 78 Regional Partnership .............................................................................................. 80 Stability Pact for South East Europe ..................................................................... 82 4. The Czech Republic and other European international organisations and forums .. 84 The Czech Republic and the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)................................................................................................................... 84 Council of Europe .................................................................................................