College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU
Honors Theses, 1963-2015 Honors Program
2014
Civil-Military Relations in Emerging Democracies: A Case Study of Turkey
Melissa DeOrio College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University, [email protected]
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Recommended Citation DeOrio, Melissa, "Civil-Military Relations in Emerging Democracies: A Case Study of Turkey" (2014). Honors Theses, 1963-2015. 31. https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/honors_theses/31
This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses, 1963-2015 by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Civil-Military Relations in Emerging Democracies: A Case Study of Turkey
An Honors Thesis
College of Saint Benedict & Saint John’s University
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Distinction in the Department of Political Science
Melissa DeOrio April 23, 2014
Table of Contents
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..2
Preview……………………………………………………………………………………………3
Literature Review…………………………………………………………………………………5
Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………..26
Case Study……………………………………………………………………………………….28
Case Selection………………………………………………………………………………...….31
Research Design…………………………………………………………………………...……..32
Birth of Turkish Republic………………………………………………………………………..37
Three Military Coups: 1960, 1971 and 1980………………………………………………...…..49
Post 1980 to 2000 Turkey and the “Soft Coup”……………………………………………...….59
Emergence and Longevity of the AKP…………………………………………………………..68
Hypothesis One……………………………………….....……………………………………….83
Hypothesis Two……………………………………………………………………………...…..93
Hypothesis Three……………………………………………………………………………….102
Review of Findings………………………………………………………………………….….108
Limitations of Research……………………………………………………………………..….109
Future Research…………………………………………………………………...…………....110
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………...112
Bibliography……………………………………………………...………...…………………..114
1
Introduction
In the wake of the Arab Spring, many scholars and analysts have begun to look closely at popular movements and the challenges of democratic transitions in Middle Eastern countries.
Despite the replacement of long-reigning authoritarian leaders in Tunisia, Libya and Egypt, these countries are still experiencing many difficulties in consolidating their new “democratic” governments. Particularly, these countries have had difficulty instituting stable leadership that is trusted both by