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Taxonomy and Song of the Cicada Ayesha Serva (Walker, 1850) from the Coasts of Northern Sundaland Hans Duffels & Tomi Trilar

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Taxonomy and Song of the Cicada Ayesha Serva (Walker, 1850) from the Coasts of Northern Sundaland Hans Duffels & Tomi Trilar Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 155 (2012) 269–283 brill.com/tve Taxonomy and song of the cicada Ayesha serva (Walker, 1850) from the coasts of northern Sundaland Hans Duffels & Tomi Trilar The genus Ayesha belongs to the tribe Dundubiini and is distinguished from other genera of the tribe by the spatulate and strongly overlapping male opercula. The synonymy of three species, Cosmopsaltria vomerigera Breddin, 1901, Dundubia lelita Kirkaldy, 1902 and Cicada elopurina Distant, 1888, which are treated as junior synonyms of A. serva (Walker, 1850) in the literature, is confirmed. Two other species, A. spathulata Stål, 1870 and A. operculissima Stål, 1870, are synonymized here with A. serva,sothatAyesha now becomes a monotypic genus. Ayesha serva is redescribed and recorded from Greater Natuna Island, the northern parts of Borneo and Sulawesi and the southern Philippines; the species is mainly found in trees on the beach, in mangroves and other coastal forests. The broad band long lasting monotonous calling song has a very simple and constant pattern. It consists of a fast repetition of many echemes of duration from 41.7 to 79.0 ms, which are composed of 8 to 19 pulses with a repetition rate of 240 pulses per second. Hans Duffels*, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department of Terrestrial Zoology, P.O. Box 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. [email protected] Tomi Trilar, Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Prešernova 20, P.O. Box 290, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [email protected] Introduction Ayesha serva and provides a description of the species Ayesha serva (Walker, 1850) is known from Greater and an analysis of its calling song. Natuna Island between the Malayan Peninsula and Borneo, from the coasts of North Borneo (Malaysia: Sabah and Sarawak; Brunei) and North Sulawesi, History of the genus and the southern Philippines. It can be found in The genus Ayesha was described by Distant (1905) shrubs and trees on the beach, in mangroves and for Cosmopsaltria spathulata from the Philippines. other coastal forests. The cicadas are difficult to spot In 1906, Distant synonymized three species with and to catch but the monotonous sound of the males Ayesha spathulata: Cosmopsaltria vomerigera from Su- and the high number of their nymphal skins on the lawesi, and Dundubia lelita and Cicada elopurina, tree trunks may betray their presence. Since its de- both from Borneo. In the same publication Distant scription as Dundubia serva by Walker (1850), the (1906) transferred two species to Ayesha: Dundubia species has been described five times under differ- serva described from Korea and Cosmopsaltria op- ent names, viz., Cosmopsaltria spathulata Stål, 1870, erculissima from Borneo. Moulton (1923) followed Cosmopsaltria operculissima Stål, 1870, Cicada elop- Distant and distinguished two species of Ayesha in his urina Distant, 1888, Cosmopsaltria vomerigera Bred- ‘Cicadas of Malaysia’: A. spathulata from the Philip- din, 1901 and Dundubia lelita Kirkaldy, 1902. The pines, Borneo, Greater Natuna Island and Sulawesi present paper synonymizes all these names with and A. operculissima from Borneo. Ayesha serva from Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 155: 269–283, Figs 1–20. [ISSN 0040-7496]. brill.com/tve © Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden. Published 10 December 2012. DOI 10.1163/22119434-00002016 Downloaded from Brill.com10/08/2021 08:43:37AM * Corresponding author via free access 270 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 155, 2012 Korea was mentioned by Moulton (1923) as another Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Tanjung Aru, 05°54 N species of the genus, but it was not discussed. 116°04 E, 6.iii.2003, 5 m, T. Trilar & K. Pros- enc Trilar and deposited in the collection of the Slovenian Museum of Natural History (PMSL) Material and methods in Ljubljana, Slovenia. All sound recordings are The institutions listed below are the depositories of stored in the Slovenian Wildlife Sound Archive the material studied. The abbreviations have been housed in the Slovenian Museum of Natural His- used in the lists of material and throughout the text. tory (PMSL). Samples of the song are available on the web page Asian cicadas (http://www2.pms-lj.si/ BMNH Natural History Museum, London staff/bioacoustics/asian.html). MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- Data on the distribution of the species were de- bridge, MA rived from the authors’ ‘Biodiversity Database of MZS Museé Zoologique de la Ville de Stras- the Cicadas of South East Asia and the West Pa- bourg, Strasbourg cific’, and plotted on maps of ADC-Worldmap ver- NHRS Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm sion 2.0 vol. 4 Southern Asia & Australia with the NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien program MapInfo version 11 for Windows XP. The PMSL Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije (Slovenian localities and other data from the specimen labels Museum of Natural History), Ljubljana in the database are filed in the program FileMaker RMNH Naturalis Biodiversity Center (former Ri- Pro 6.0. Geographical information has been re- jksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie), Lei- trieved from the following sources: ‘Malaysia, Travel den and Holiday Planner’ (Anonymous 1996), ‘The SAM South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World’ (Anony- UZMK Universitets Zoologisk Museum, Copen- mous 1999) and from Global Gazetteer Version 2.2 hagen (www.fallingrain.com). ZMAN Zoological Museum, Amsterdam The terminology adopted in this paper for ex- Songs of A. serva were recorded in the field using ternal features of the body and the male genitalia a parabolic mono microphone Telinga Pro 3M (in follows that of Duffels (1977, 1983) and Moulds the year 1996) and a parabolic stereo microphone (2005). Telinga Pro V (in 1999 and 2003) (parabola diameter 57 cm) connected to Sony DAT-recorder TCD-D3 (sampling rate 48 kHz, 16 Bit dynamic range). In Taxonomy the lab, DAT recordings were transferred to the Hard Genus Ayesha Distant Disk of a Power Macintosh G4 computer through Ayesha Distant, 1905: 63. Type species by original an Audiomedia III sound card using Pro-Tools 5.0 designation: Ayesha spathulata (Stål, 1870). (Digidesign, Avid Technology) software. Afterwards Ayesha; Moulton 1923: 96; Metcalf 1963: 560, 561; the song files were transferred to a PC computer Nast 1972: 142; Duffels & Van der Laan 1985: and the software used for analysing the song signals 131; Moulds 2005: 391, 432; Lee 2009: 2630; was Raven 1.2.1 (Cornell Lab of Ornithology) and Lee & Hill 2010: 299, 300, 302. Seewave package (Sueur et al. 2008) as a part of R software platform (R Development Core Team Description of genus 2008). For statistical evaluation we used Excel 2000 Medium sized cicadas, body length male: 25– (Microsoft). 28 mm, female 24–29 mm. Head slightly broader The recordings were made on the island of Bor- than pronotum and distinctly broader than mesono- neo: at Tanjung Aru beach near Kota Kinabalu, tum. Postclypeus moderately produced. Vertex with rd Sabah, on July, 3 1996 around 13:00 h and March, median black spot. Rostrum reaching just beyond 6th 2003 around 16:00 h, at Telok Assam in Bako trochanter of middle legs. Pronotum with a pair of National Park, Sarawak, on June, 6th 1996 around fairly narrow, black to black-brown, central fasciae. 15:30 h and on Pulao Sapi in Tunku Abdul Rahman Mesonotum with narrow median fascia, which is National Park, just offshore Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, widened at half its length, a pair of paramedian fas- on April, 8th 1999 around 15:30 h (Fig. 16). The du- ciae, which are very variable in width, a pair of black, ration of the recordings was between 40 s and 2 min round spots in front of anterior angles of cruciform 31 s, while altogether was measured 17 min 4 s of A. elevation and a pair of, often indistinct, lateral fas- serva calling songs. ciae. Male operculum spatulate, strongly narrowed Two males o f A. serva from Tanjung Aru, which at one third of its length and strongly widened at were first recorded and then collected, are labelled: two thirds of length; apical part broadly rounded Downloaded from Brill.com10/08/2021 08:43:37AM via free access Duffels & Trilar: Taxonomy and song of the cicada Ayesha serva 271 and oblique with broad, dark brown coloration along Lectotype designation for Ayesha spathulata apical and medial margins; lateral part of opercu- (Stål) lum with white wax. Apical parts of both opercula Dr Gunvi Lindberg (NHRS) kindly sent us pho- strongly overlapping. Tergites of male and female tographs of the type specimens of Ayesha spathulata, shiny brown without distinct marking. Timbal cov- viz., one male labelled ‘Typus’ (Figs 1–3), one fe- erings dark brown and not shiny. Ventral side of male male labelled ‘Allotypus’ (Figs 4–6) and one female and female abdomen ochraceous to light brown. labelled ‘Paratypus’. She also wrote at an earlier oc- Duffels & Van der Laan (1985), Moulds (2005) casion (Duffels 2010): ...’all curators seem to agree and Lee & Hill (2010) placed Ayesha in the tribe that the [type] labels are from the 20th century’. In Dundubiini Atkinson, 1886. order to establish the identity of A. spathulata,we designate the male specimen labelled ‘Typus’ as the Ayesha serva (Walker, 1850) lectotype of A. spathulata. Figs 1–16 Dundubia serva Walker, 1850: 60, Holotype : Synonymy ‘Dundubia/serva, W. type’, ‘Type’ [round label For the present paper we have studied the holotype with green circle; print] [locality label ‘Corea’ of Ayesha serva from Korea and the holotypes of A. missing; head missing] (BMNH) [examined]. operculissima and A. elopurina, both described from Cosmopsaltria spathulata Stål, 1870: 709, Lectotype Borneo, and photographs of the lectotype and par- (designated here): ‘Ins./Philipp.’, ‘Semper’, alectotypes of A. spathulata.Wehavenotexamined ‘Cosmopsaltria/spathulata/Stål.’, ‘Typus’ [print in types of Cosmopsaltria vomerigera from Sulawesi, and black in black cadre on red paper], ‘NHRS- Dundubia lelita from North Borneo.
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