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(Homoptera, Cicadidae) from Southeast Asia

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(Homoptera, Cicadidae) from Southeast Asia J. P. DUFFELS1 & M.I. ZAIDI2 1Institute for Systematics and Population Biology (Zoological Museum), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2Centre for Insect Systematics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia A REVISION OF THE CICADA GENUS ORIENTOPSALTRIA KATO (HOMOPTERA, CICADIDAE) FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA Duffels, J. P. & M. Zaidi, 2000. A revision of the cicada genus Orientopsaltria Kato (Homoptera, Cicadidae) from Southeast Asia. – Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 142 [1999]: 195-297, figs. 1-147, plates 1-6, tables 1-2. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 22 March 2000. This revision of the genus Orientopsaltria contains a generic description, and descriptions, illustrations and distributional maps of the 24 species. Nine species are described as new to science: O. angustata, O. confluens, O. hollowayi, O. kinabaluana, O. latispina, O. maculosa, O. palawana, O. vanbreei, and O. noonadani. Five species are transferred to other genera: O. divergens, O. montana, and O. tonkiniana to Platylomia, O. multivocalis to Meimuna, and O. ceslaui to Dundubia. One species of Platylomia, P. fuliginosa, is included in Orientopsaltria, and Platylomia banqueyensis Distant, 1912 is considered a junior synonym of Orientopsaltria altico- la (Distant 1905). A key presented here is designed to identify the males of Orientopsaltria to the species level. The subdivision in species groups is based upon a preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the species of the genus. The genus Orientopsaltria is restricted to the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Palawan, and the Philippines. None of the Orientopsaltria species is distributed over the whole range of the genus. The highest percentage of endemics is found in the Philippines (4 species: 100% endemic) and Palawan (2: 100%), followed by Borneo (6: 50%), Sumatra (2: 25%) and the Malayan Peninsula (1: 10%). This study aims to contribute to the historic biogeographical study of the subtribe Dundubiaria of Southeast Asia and to the knowledge of cicada biodiversity in this area. Correspondence: Dr. J. P. Duffels, Institute for Systematics and Population Biology (Zoologi- cal Museum, Department of Entomology), University of Amsterdam, Plantage Middenlaan 64, 1018 DH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. – Orientopsaltria; Cicadidae; taxonomy; new species; key to species; phylogeny; dis- tribution; Southeast Asia. The taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the been focussed on the presumed sister group of the cicadas occurring east of Wallace’s Line, in Sulawesi, Cosmopsaltriaria. This group probably consists of New Guinea and the West Pacific, has been the sub- one or more genera of the Dundubiaria, a subtribe of ject of several publications in the last two decades the Dundubiini. From a biogeographical viewpoint it (Boer & Duffels 1997). One of the two major groups is interesting to note that the Dundubiaria are main- studied is the subtribe Cosmopsaltriaria of the tribe ly distributed to the west of Wallace’s Line: the Dundubiini. The Cosmopsaltriaria range from Su- Greater Sunda Islands and mainland of Southeast lawesi through New Guinea to the Samoa Islands. Asia. The taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of Phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses of the 8 gen- the subtribe Dundubiaria are currently studied by era and 125 species of that group suggested that the Beuk (1996, 1998, 1999). That author has already re- ancestor of the Cosmopsaltriaria occurred in North- vised parts of Dundubia Amyot & Serville, 1843 east Asia and dispersed along island arcs to Sulawesi, (Beuk 1996) and Platylomia Stål, 1870 (Beuk 1998, New Guinea and the West Pacific in the mid-Ter- 1999). The genus Orientopsaltria Kato, 1944 revised tiary (Boer & Duffels 1996). in this paper also belongs to the subtribe Dundu- Over the last few years the biogeographical study of biaria. The results of the present study will be includ- the cicadas of Southeast Asia and the West Pacific has ed in Beuk’s forthcoming phylogenetic and biogeo- 195 T E, 142, 1999 graphic study of this subtribe. 1983). In 1996, Beuk transferred the six species of the first group to the genus Dundubia, and created the This paper also aims to contribute to the knowl- ‘Dundubia jacoona assemblage’ to accommodate edge of cicada biodiversity in Southeast Asia. The these species. Consequently, the second group consti- Centre for Insect Systematics of the Universiti Ke- tuted the genus Orientopsaltria and consisted of the bangsaan Malaysia in Bangi, Selangor, is one of the following 17 species: agatha, alticola (Distant, 1905), institutes that has been very active in recent years in brooksi (Moulton, 1923), ceslaui (Lallemand & executing cicada inventories in nature reserves and Synave, 1953), divergens Distant, 1917, duarum, gut- other areas in Peninsular Malaysia, as well as in the tigera (Walker, 1856), ida (Moulton, 1911), inermis Bornean states of Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak (e.g. (Stål, 1870), montana, montivaga, moultoni (China, Zaidi 1996, Zaidi & Hamid 1996). Our research in 1926), multivocalis, padda (Distant, 1887), phaeophi- these areas has shown that the systematic knowledge la (Walker, 1850), sumatrana (Moulton, 1917), and of cicadas is insufficient to offer reliable identifica- tonkiniana Jacobi, 1905. Only recently, two species tions of the cicadas from the Malayan Peninsula and new to science were described in the genus: Orientop- the Greater Sunda Islands (Zaidi 1996, Zaidi & saltria ruslani Duffels & Zaidi, 1998 and O. saudara- Hamid 1996, Zaidi et al. 1996, Duffels & Zaidi padda Duffels & Zaidi, 1998. 1998). Keys to all cicadas, based on descriptions and According to the present state of the literature a to- illustrations of the species, are needed. This basic sys- tal of 19 described species are assigned to Orientop- tematic work is regarded as a prerequisite for further saltria. Preliminary phylogenetic investigations of the biodiversity studies on cicadas. Biodiversity studies of subtribe Dundubiaria, however, show that five of cicadas in other tropical areas, such as Sulawesi, New these species should be transferred to other genera: C. Guinea, and the West Pacific, have already shown divergens Distant, 1917, C. montana, and C. tonkini- that cicadas can be instrumental in recognizing hot ana Jacobi, 1905 to Platylomia, C. multivocalis to spots of species richness and areas of endemism with Meimuna Distant, 1905, and O. ceslaui to Dundubia unique biota (e.g. Duffels & Boer 1990, Boer & Duf- (Beuk in prep.). On the other hand the present revi- fels 1997). sion shows that Platylomia fuliginosa (Walker, 1850) belongs to Orientopsaltria, and that Platylomia ban- queyensis Distant, 1912, is a junior synonym of Ori- HISTORY OF THE GENUS entopsaltria alticola (Distant, 1905). Due to these The genus Orientopsaltria was erected by Kato transfers, the number of species of the genus was de- (1944a) for two species of the genus Cosmopsaltria creased to 15, but the description of nine species new Stål, 1866 with rounded instead of spine-like pygofer to science in this revision brings the total of Orientop- lobes, viz., C. duarum (Walker, 1857), the type- saltria species up to 24. species of the new genus, and C. jacoona Distant, 1888. Kato (l.c.) regarded spine-like lobes as found in The history of the species of Orientopsaltria goes the two Papuan species Cosmopsaltria doryca (Boisdu- back much further than 1944, the year Orientopsal- val, 1835), the type species of Cosmopsaltria Stål, tria was described. Two species here assigned to Ori- 1866, and C. lata (Walker, 1868), as a characteristic entopsaltria, Dundubia fuliginosa from the Philippines feature for Cosmopsaltria. Soon after, Kato (1944b, and D. phaeophila from ‘Corea’ (see comments fol- 1956) transferred four more species from Cosmopsal- lowing the description of that species), were already tria to Orientopsaltria, viz., C.montivaga (Distant, described in 1850 by Francis Walker in his ‘List of 1889), C. feae Distant, 1892, C. montana Kato, 1927 Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the British and C. multivocalis Matsumura, 1917. And in 1968 Museum’. Some years later, the same author de- Duffels included C. agatha Moulton, 1911 in Orien- scribed two other species now attributed to Orientop- topsaltria. saltria, after material collected by Alfred Russel Wal- In 1983, Duffels proposed a new concept for Cos- lace: Dundubia guttigera from Singapore (1856), and mopsaltria in his revision of this genus. The species Dundubia duarum from Sarawak, Borneo (1857). In with spine-like lateral pygofer lobes were assembled 1870, Stål published his excellent study of the in Cosmopsaltria, while 17 Cosmopsaltria species with Hemiptera of the Philippines, which included a de- rounded pygofer lobes were transferred to Orientop- scription of the new species Cosmopsaltria inermis. At saltria. The 23 species at the time assigned to Orien- the end of the 19th century W. L. Distant con- topsaltria were preliminarily classified in two species tributed considerably to the study of the cicadas of groups: one group of six species with a globose head the Oriental region by the publication of ‘A mono- like in Dundubia and unicoloured male opercula, and graph of Oriental Cicadidae’ (1889-1892), which is another group of 17 species with a less globose head still considered to be a classic work in cicada taxono- and bi- or multi-coloured male opercula (Duffels my. In publications preceding his monograph Dis- 196.
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