Contributions to Zoology, 66 (3) 129-184 (1996)

SPB Academic Publishing bv, Amsterdam

The the jacoona assemblage of genus Dundubia Amyot & Serville

of (Homoptera: Cicadidae): a taxonomic study of its species and a discussion

its phylogenetic relationships

Paul L.Th. Beuk

Institutefor Systematics and Population Biology (Zoological Museum), University ofAmsterdam, Plantage

Middenlaan 64, NL-1018 DH Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Keywords: Cicadidae, Dundubia, Jacoona assemblage, taxonomy, new species, phylogeny

Abstract (Distant, 1888), D. nigripes (Moulton, 1923), et D.

Les trois transférées de oopaga (Distant, 1881). espèces

sont D. hainanensis 1901), D. na- The species of Orientopsaltria with unicolorous opercula and Platylomia (Distant,

three related of transferred the Distant, 1881, et D. Noualhier, 1896. species Platylomia are to genus garasingna spiculata

Toutes ces sont redécrites. Quatre nouvelles Dundubia and allocated in the ‘Dundubia jacoona assemblage’ sept espèces décrites: laterocurvata, pending further investigation. The assemblage comprises espèces sont D. ayutthaya, D. D.

et D. sont eleven species in total; all are found in the Indo-Malaysian myitkyinensis, sinbyudaw. Sept espèces syno-

nymisées: O. andersoni (Distant, avec D. D. Archipelago, Indo-China, and the adjoining parts of China and 1883) oopaga,

Liu, 1940 avec D. hainanensis,O. hastata (Moulton, India. The four species which were until now placed in Orient- bifasciata

O.1923) et D. siamensis Haupt, 1918 avec D. spiculata, opsaltria are D. feae (Distant, 1892), D. jacoona (Distant,

D. and D. (Distant, 1912) et D. helena Distant, 1912 avec D. 1888), nigripes (Moulton, 1923), oopaga (Distant, fratercula

et D. Distant, 1917 avec D. Des 1881). The three species transferred from Platylomia are D. nagarasingna, longina feae.

lectotypes sont désignés les espèces suivantes: hainanensis (Distant, 1901), D. nagarasingna Distant, 1881, pour Cosmo- andersoni, C. C. C. hastata, C. and D. spiculata Noualhier, 1896. These seven species are all psaltria feae, fratercula,

nagarasingna, C. nigripes, C. D. helena, D. longina, et redescribed. Four species are described as new: D. ayutthaya, oopaga,

D. Une clé l’identification des mâles D. laterocurvata, D. myitkyinensis, and D. sinbyudaw. Seven spiculata. pour est

présentée, et la distribution des est discutée. Sont aussi species are synonymized: O. andersoni (Distant, 1883) with D. espèces

discutées les relations du de D. o a D. Liu, 1940 with D. hainanensis, O. ‘groupement jacoona’ avec op ga, bifasciata

Dundubia, et avec les restent dans le hastata (Moulton, 1923) and D. siamensis Haupt, 1918 with D. Platylomia, espèces qui

Il est fort les du spiculata, O. fratercula (Distant, 1912) and D. helena Distant, genre Orientopsaltria. probable que espèces

de D. 1912 with D. nagarasingna, and D. longina Distant, 1917 with ‘groupement jacoona’ ne représentent pas un groupe à elles seules, mais ensemble cel- D. feae. Lectotypes are designated for the following species: monophylétique plutôt avec

andersoni, C. C. hastata, C. les de Dundubia s. str. Cosmopsaltria C.feae, fratercula,

C. C. D. D. nagarasingna, nigripes, oopaga, helena, longina,

and D. spiculata. A key to the males is presented and the

distributions of the species are discussed. The relationships of Introduction the D. jacoona assemblage with Dundubia,Platylomia, and the

remaining species ofOrientopsaltria are discussed. The species The present paper the identities and ofthe D. jacoona assemblage most likely do not form a mono- investigates

their but rather with Dundubia of the of phyletic group on own s. str. relationships species Orientopsaltria

Kato, 1944, with unicolorous opercula and related

in the Dundubia species genera Amyot & Serville, Résumé 1843, and Platylomia Stal, 1870. These species are

' transferred to Dundubia and the ‘Dundubia Les d’ ainsi ja- àespèces Orientopsaltria opercules unicolores, que

trois de transférées coona is introduced to accommodate espèces apparentées Platylomia sont au assemblage'

Dundubia et placées dans le ‘groupement de Dundubia them. The mentioned to the cicada genre genera belong jacoona’ en attendant le résultat de recherches ultérieures. Le subtribe Dundubiaria of the tribe Dundubiini to-

groupement comprend en total onze espèces à distribution dans gether with Macrosemia Kato, 1925, Meimuna l’Archipel Indo-Malais, en Indochine, et dans les zones limi- 1905, Dis- de Chine d’Inde. Les Distant, 1905, Haphsa Distant, Ayesha trophes et quatre espèces jusqu’à présent and 1905 & placées dans Orientopsaltria sont D. feae (Distant, 1892), jacoonaD. tant, 1905, Khimbya Distant, (Duffels

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Van der Laan, 1985). This subtribe is distributed Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam), Peninsular

of Asia. and Sumatra. None of the throughout a large part Southeast Malaysia, Borneo,

erected records in the literature from the Andaman and The genus Orientopsaltria was by Kato

(1944a) to accommodate species of Cosmopsaltria Nicobar Islands, south-eastern China, and Japan

that from other of that could be confirmed. Stal, 1866, differed species yet

in rounded instead of The closest relatives of the D. genus having spine-like jacoona assem-

the Oriento- the of Dundubia lateral pygofer lobes. In description blage are among species s. str.

with psaltria was only compared Cosmopsaltria [constituted by Dundubia vaginata (Fabricius,

with number of other that also and not a genera 1787), the type species ofDundubia, and relatives]

rounded lateral Dundubia and the formed radha have pygofer lobes, e.g. group by Platylomia (Dis-

and Platylomia. Duffels (1983) formally redefined tant, 1881) and relatives.

Cosmopsaltria and transferred all Cosmopsaltria

species with rounded lateral pygofer lobes to

Material and methods Orientopsaltria, but he did not define Oriento- psaltria in relation to other genera with rounded References in the literature to species treated below were lateral pygofer lobes either. checked whenever possible. Older references weretraced using Overmeer & Duffels historic (1967) gave an Metcalf (1963a, b) and Duffels & Van der Laan (1985).

overview of the of the References could not checked marked with composition genus that be are an

Dundubia and revised all in the asterisk species placed ge- (*). The following abbreviations have been used for collections nus at the time. A phylogenetic analysis was not mentioned in the descriptions: and the of the performed monophyly genus was BMNH Natural History Museum, London (formerly British assumed implicitly by treating it as a whole. Museum Natural History) Overmeer & Duffels noted the shared feature of BPBM Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu

the rounded lateral pygofer lobes of Orientopsal- CUIC Cornell University Insect Collection,Department of

Cornell York and Entomology, University, Ithaca, New tria Dundubia and suggested a close relation- MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Uni- between both The mainfeature dis- ship genera. to versity, Cambridge, Massachusetts between the two genera was tinguish supposedly MNP Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris of fuscous the the presence spots on tegmina in MSNG Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 'G. Doria', Genova

Orientopsaltria and the absence of such spots in NLHD Niedersachsisches Landesmuseum, Hannover

Dundubia. NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien

RMNH Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum (formerly After Duffels (1983) transferred to Orientopsal- Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie), Leiden tria the species with rounded lateral pygofer lobes ROME Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto

that were until then in he placed Cosmopsaltria, SEM Snow Entomological Museum, Lawrence, Kansas

TARI Taiwan Research distinguished two groups in Orientopsaltria. One Agricultural Institute, Taichung UKMS Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor group was characterized by unicolorous opercula USNM Unites States National Museum, Smithsonian and bi- multi- a globose head, the other by or Institution, Washington D.C. colorous and a less head. The opercula globose UZMK Universitets Zoologiske Museum, Kjabenhavn of the first resemble of species group many species ZMA Zoologisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam,

Amsterdam Dundubia and some species of the diverse genus

' Platylomia. The ‘Dundubia jacoona assemblage' The following geographical sources have been consulted: is created to accommodate these species awaiting 'Andrees allgemeiner Handatlas' (Anonymous, 1906), 'Atlas further research on the distinction between generic Nederland' van Tropisch (Anonymous, 1938), 'The Times and which Orientopsaltria, Dundubia, Platylomia Atlas of the World' (Anonymous, 1994), 'Chambers World is presently still unclear. Gazetteer' (Munro, 1988), 'Nelles Road Atlas Indonesia' (Ano- 'Nelles Road Atlas Southeast Dundubia nymous, 1992a), Asia excluding The jacoona assemblage at present Indonesia' (Anonymous, 1992b), 'Thailand, Indochina & comprises eleven species (including four new), Burma Handbook' (Eliot et al., 1994), and GEOnet Names Ser- distributed with in northern certainty India, Bang- of ver the U.S. Defence Mapping Agency (WWW URL: http:// south-western ladesh, China, Indo-China (Burma, www.dma.gov/gns/html/index.html).

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D. the D. Arrows in illustrations point to certain important features myitkyinensis n. sp.), jacoona group (D.

or of the text. and mentioned in the descriptions other parts and n. jacoona, D. oopaga, D. ayutthaya sp.),

D. latero- the D. spiculata group (D. spiculata,

andD. n. D. curvata n. sp., sinbyudaw sp.). nigripes

Phylogeny cannot be placed in either of these three groups. distinct fea- The D. nagarasingna group has two The Dundubia jacoona assemblage tures. The first is that the mediodistal corners of

the uncus lobes are produced into medial projec- is created for the The D. assemblage pur- the inside the dorsal of jacoona tions that lie on of uncus, fea- of bringing species with similar of the lobes pose together the outer surface uncus (as in Figs. 6, attributed different tures that were previously to of 38-40) (character 10 below). The second feature

The are in an as- species brought together of a distinct semicircular genera. this group is the presence

do not form semblage because they a mono- to the other ridge running from one uncus lobe (as shared all al- phyletic The features by or group. in Fig. 6) (character 14 below).

all of the are: most species assemblage possession is characterized an in- The D. jacoona group by of absence of distinct mark- a globose postclypeus, dentation in the lateral margins of the broad uncus

on the reduction of the black mark- ings tegmina, lobes (as in Fig. 51) (character 13 below). fasciae head and ings and on pronotum, and pos- to the other The D. spiculata group, compared

session of unicolorous opercula. and D. has almost entirely two groups nigripes,

The assemblage is placed in the genus Dundubia the head lost the colour pattern on and pronotum because it shares the globose black apomorphic post- (characters 1 and 3 below) but has a poste- the and the absence of markings on teg- clypeus rior margin of the pronotal collar. Dundubia the latter char- mina with s. str., though uncus lobes D. nigripes has much elongated acter is also found elsewhere in the Dundubiaria. It (character 11 below). The impression of elonga-

is uncertain if the absence of is apomor- the markings tion is even enhanced by deep emargination of character phic and whether this can be used to es- of the the lateral margin very close to the base

tablish the monophyly of the D. jacoona assem- uncus so that the uncus lobes are narrow from al-

withDundubia s. str. the dis- blage most the base (Fig. 45). It shares none of

tinct features of the three groups above. The study of the D. jacoona assemblage leads to

the following list of species and synonymies: D.

Dis- feae (Distant, 1892) n. comb. [= D. longina Phylogenetic analysis

tant, 1917: n. syn.], D. jacoona (Distant, 1888) n.

and A with PAUP comb., D. nigripes (Moulton, 1923) n. comb., preliminary phylogenetic analysis with investi- n. comb. [= O. ander- 3.1.1 was carried out the to D. oopaga (Distant, 1881) purpose

all transferred from the between the of the D. soni (Distant, 1883): n. syn.]: gate relationships groups and between Orientopsaltria; D. hainanensis (Distant, 1901) n. jacoona assemblage D. nigripes, and and Dundubia comb. [= D. bifasciata Liu, 1940: n. syn.]. D. naga- the D. jacoona assemblage s. str.;

rasingna Distant, 1881 [= O. fratercula (Distant, Platylomia and Orientopsaltria s. str. (the species

and D. helena 1912: with bi- to multicolorous opercula) were chosen as 1912): n. syn., Distant, n. The of the D. syn.], and D. spiculata Noualhier, 1896 [= O. outgroups. species groups jacoona the and siamensis were species hastata (Moulton, 1923): n. syn., D. assemblage represented by giving

from Pla- the the and Dundubia Haupt, 1918: n. syn.]: all transferred names to respective groups

D. laterocurvata n. s. str. its D. vaginata. The tylomia; D. ayutthaya n. sp., by type species genus P. bocki D. n. and D. n. was by (Distant, sp., myitkyinensis sp., sinbyudaw Platylomia represented its and s. str. by species sp. 1882) Orientopsaltria type

three O. duarum 1857). was run un- Within the D. jacoona assemblage groups (Walker, Analysis dis- the der the ACCTRAN The characters are can be distinguished: D. nagarasingna group option. the matrix is in Table I. (D. nagarasingna, D. feae, D. hainanensis, and cussed below and given

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The analysis resulted in two equally parsimoni-

ous trees. One of the two resulting trees was identi-

cal with the (strict) consensus tree, the second

‘D. + D. showed nigripes nagarasingna group' as

clade. The rooted with the a separate tree was

in The strict outgroups a basal polytomy. consen-

shown sus tree is in Fig. 1.

Discussion of the characters

1. Result of of the in the D. Fig. a preliminary analysis groups

jacoona D. nigripes and D. vaginata [Dundubia s. Colour patterns assemblage,

str.] with P. bocki and O. duarum as outgroups using PAUP

3.1.1 (exhaustive search, ACCTRAN option). The taxa or head disc: 1. Light-dark on and pronotal (0) pattern used in the mentioned in the Numbers groups analysis are text. (1) absent. present; indicate apomorphies; see Table I for the matrix and text for

- the the head and the Comment. In Dundubiini discussion of characters. The tree was rooted with the

in basal Tree statistics: L = 15, CI =0.933, pronotal disc usually have a pattern of dark mark- outgroups polytomy.

RI = 0.875. consists of ings. This pattern generally at least

markings on the vertex and central fasciae on the

pronotal disc but it sometimes covers most of the Table I. Character matrix used in the preliminary analysis. The

named are mentioned in the text. For discussion of head and pronotal disc. In most species of the D. groups characters, see text. jacoona assemblage this pattern is still visible, but

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 the markings are not dark brown or black but P. bocki 00000001000000 rather darker shade of the of head a ground colour O. duarum 000001 101000 0 0

D. nagarasingnagroup 00011000010001 and pronotum. Species like D. oopaga and D. D. nigripes group 00011000001100 variable in this because ayutthaya are respect the D. jacoona group 000110100001 10

D. spiculata group 101 11010000100 colour of the pattern varies from this darker shade D. vaginata 11111010000100 of the ground colour to distinctly dark brown or

the head and black. Alternative to having a pattern,

pronotal disc can be completely unicolorous Comment. - In the Dundubiini the presence of

the lateral of greenish to ochraceous. Complete reduction of the darker markings on part the pronotal

markings on both head and pronotal disc occurs in collar is widespread. In the case of a single mark-

the D. and Dundubia str. but each side of the this spiculata group s. ing on pronotal disc, marking

rarely elsewhere in the Dundubiini. is situated near the anterolateral corner (Fig. 54) or

the lateral margin of the pronotal collar (Fig. 61).

2. Posterior margin of pronotal collar: (0) narrowly In addition to this marking there can be markings

with of col- black; (1) concolorous ground colour that are situated near the posterolateral corner and/

lar. or at the posterior margin of the lateral lobe of the

- In the Comment. Dundubiaria the posterior mar- pronotal disc. Alternatively, no markings may be gin of the pronotal collar generally is black (Fig. present at all (Fig. 75). This latter condition occurs

In it is brown medi- outside the D. and Dun- 54). some species occasionally rarely spiculata group ally, but only rarely it is concolorous with the pale dubia s. str ground colour of the pronotal collar. A pale poste- rior margin of the pronotal collar occurs only rarely outside Dundubia s. str. Head

3. lateral of collar: 4. Markings on part pronotal (0) Postclypeus globose: (0) no; (1) yes.

absent. Comment. - of the present; (1) In most species the Dundubiini

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all. In scored postclypeus is rather flat. In dorsal view the ante- ible or none at such cases species are rior profile of the postclypeus is then angular as having markings on the tegmina (0).

does Both and absence of on the rather than rounded and the postclypeus not presence markings

do elsewhere in the Dundubiini and protrude much from between the vertex lobes. tegmina occur

When the postclypeus is globose, this profile is both states occur in groups that apparently are rounded and the postclypeus clearly protrudes closely related. from between the vertex lobes (Figs. 54, 68).

A globose postclypeus was once deemed char-

of Dundubia but it often acteristic proves to be Opercula the feature variable within species. However, of a

variable within globose postclypeus, even though bi- to 6. Colour of operculum: (0) unicolorous; (1) species, is virtually restricted to Dundubia s. str. tricolorous. the D. and jacoona assemblage. Dundubiaria the of Comment. - In the presence a

dark margin of the operculum on the part distal of

the constriction is common. This dark margin may

Tegmina includes the distal be broad or narrow and always

and medial margins and strongly contrasts to the

5. Markings on tegmina: (0) present; (1) always ochraceous surface. otherwise largely greenish or absent. In addition to this the central surface of the distal

Comment. - In the Dundubiaria have many species of the distinct brown part operculum may have a of the besides the a pattern markings on tegmina have uni- marking. In contrast, some species reticulation that is often visible in the cells in the colorous opercula that are completely greenish or of the The most distal and posterior part tegmina. be somewhat ochraceous although they may elaborate basal pattern consists of markings at darker on the distal half. The darkening near the and seventh veins of the second, third, fifth, apical into lateroproximal corner is here not taken ac- cells and the apices of longitudinal veins of the count. cells. A less elaborate consists of apical pattern D. Unicolorous opercula are present in the basal veins of the second and just markings on the P. jacoona assemblage, Dundubia s. str., and third apical cells. Intermediate patterns do occur radha and relatives, but also elsewhere in the Dun- with additional the basal veins of the markings on also in of dubiaria. They are present some groups seventh the of lon- fifth and apical cells, on apices of the related M. Meimuna [e.g. some species to veins of cells in the distal of gitudinal apical part and else- opalifera or M. tavoyana (Distant, 1888)] of the wing, or both. A pattern markings can also where in Platylomia [e.g. P. larus (Walker, 1858) indistinct be almost completely wanting but very and related species]. Complicating the matter are the basal markings sometimes are visible on vein species with completely dark brown to blackish cell. of the second apical found in opercula as is occasionally Platylomia. of vari- A complicating matter is the occurrence

ation between apparently closely related species

related 7. near corner of [e.g. M. opalifera (Walker, 1850) and spe- Darkening lateroproximal

the P. bocki absent. cies] or within species. For analysis operculum: (0) present; (1)

with indistinct of Comment. - The can have a small dark- was used, a species an pattern operculum

considerable the that markings on the tegmina that shows ened area near lateroproximal corner starts

and variation: usually the basal veins of the second and at the proximal margin can extend to the lat-

most eral in the constriction (Figs. third apical cells are infuscate and often also margin 8, 14, 47).

such Both of the apices of longitudinal veins of the apical Alternatively, there is no area. condi-

else- cells. Alternatively only the markings on the basal tions (darkening present or absent) occur

vis- where in the Dundubiaria. veins of the second and third apical cells are

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Abdomen shapes. This margin is often more or less straight,

truncated, concave (compare Figs. 12, 37) or

curved inwards or the uncus lobes are 8. Timbal coverings elongate: (0) no; (1) yes. (dorsad),

- and sometimes Comment. In the Dundubiini the timbal cover- narrowed distally and pointed

often than wide the base. in both the be adorned ings most are shorter at curved; cases margin can

Alternatively, the timbal coverings are at least as with small rounded, blunt or pointed lobules. Only

than base. This lat- the long to distinctly longer wide at rarely uncus lobes are rather flat and broadly condition of radha rounded the distal ter only occurs in the group P. at margin.

and relatives.

13. Indentationof lateral of margins uncus lobes:

Genitalia (0) absent; (1) present.

Comment. - The lateral margins ofthe uncus lobes

9. Basal part of uncus swollen and globose: (0) usually are convex, straight or concave and in the

latter have rounded yes; (1) no. case they can a or more angu-

Comment. - In the Dundubiini and elsewhere in lar emargination. Alternatively a margin can have

Cicadinae the of is indentation. The of this inden- the basal part the uncus small an proximal corner

Dundubiaria tation is the distal is and little swollen or globose. In the rounded, corner angular or

is the in Meimuna and acute in Such indentation this case e.g. Orientopsal- slightly (as Fig. 51). an

of of the lateral is for the tria s. str. In most species Platylomia and margin unique D. jacoona

Dundubia, however, the basal part of the uncus is group.

large, swollen and globose (Fig. 6).

14. Ridge on uncus lobes: (0) absent; (1) present.

Mediodistal of lobes: not - The surface the medial 10. corner uncus (0) pro- Comment. near margins

duced; (1) produced. of the uncus lobes is often somewhat depressed.

Comment. - The situation in the Dun- Around there common this depression can be a distinct

dubiaria is that the medial margin of the uncus semicircular ridge that extends over the antero-

lobes is curved inwards (dorsad), especially close medial part of the basal part of the uncus and runs

to where the uncus lobes are joined. The medio- from one uncus lobe to the other (Figs. 6-7). Other

distal is then rounded corner (Figs. 72-73) or angu- ridge-like structures on the uncus lobes do occur

is found in the lar. Alternatively, the mediodistal corner may be but a similarridge only D. nagara-

into that is directed side- produced a projection singna group.

ways or inwards (Figs. 19-20, 37-38). This projec-

tion appears to be unique for the species of the D.

nagarasingna group. Relationships in Dundubia including the D.

jacoona assemblage

11. of lobes: Elongation uncus (0) no; (1) yes.

Comment. - In the Dundubiaria the uncus lobes On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis (see Fig.

short and do extend number of conclusions be reached. The normally are not or hardly 1) a can

over the surface enclosed by the anteroventral first is thatofthe three groups recognized in the D.

of the the the of the margin pygofer. Alternatively, uncus jacoona assemblage only monophyly D.

lobes are much elongated and do extend over this spiculata group is not supported by an apomorphy.

surface for considerable distance This This be the combination a (Fig. 45). group can recognized by

condition is latter rare. of several plesiomorphic characters: reduction of

colour head and disc pattern on pronotal (character

12. Distal margin of uncus lobes broadly rounded: 1), posterior margin of pronotal collar narrowly

(0) no; (1) yes. black (character 2), and reduction of markings on

- lobes of Comment. The distal margin of the uncus lateral part pronotal collar (character 3). The in the Dundubiaria displays a large variety of features that characterize the other two groups and

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that earlier to be and females unicolorous ochraceous to were discussed prove apomor- largely

the corners of castaneous brown, head and thorax in some spe- phic: the projection on mediodistal

and the cies with or black markings; the uncus lobes (character 10) connecting castaneous posterior

the lobes of collar narrowly black. ridge on uncus (character 14) are apo- margin pronotal always

head morphies of the D. nagarasingna group; the inden- Many species often with some parts on

of the tation of the lateral margin uncus lobes (anteromedial spot on postclypeus, parts of vertex,

is the D. thorax of (character 13) an apomorphy of jacoona ventral parts) and (median area pronotal

of the lobes or group. The elongation uncus (charac- disc and large parts of pronotal collar) greenish

is D. of uni- ter 11) an autapomorphy of nigripes. paler than main part body. Operculum

conclusion that the The second is relationships colorous. Dorsal part of abdomen usually darker between the groups of the D. jacoona assemblage, than head and thorax, often with dark lateral spots.

D. and Dundubia s. str. are with withoutdark when nigripes, only partly Legs either or pattern, pat- the resolved. The clade formed by D. spiculata terned then most extensive on anterior legs.

and Dundubia s. str. has two Basal group apomorphies: Timbal coverings shorter than broad at base.

the head and the reduction of the colour on of and pattern part uncus well developed globose, usually

the pronotal disc (character 1) and the reduction of broad should be more than twice as as long. [It

the of the col- the markings on lateral part pronotal noted that living and freshly collected specimens

lar (character 3). This clade shares two ochraceous well apomor- of species described here as may of with the D. group: the presence the the bod- phies jacoona be clear greenish as are paler parts on the near the lateroproximal corner of darkening ies of darker species.] (character 7) and the broadly rounded operculum - Head. Postclypeus in dorsal view swollen, just of the distal margins of the uncus lobes shape less than one and a halftimes to twice as wide as

The first character is (character 12). (character 7) and but distance between postclypeus eye, usually also shared with Orientopsaltria s. str. The rela- variable within species. Rostrum just reaching be- tionships between D. nigripes, the D. nagara- yond anterior margins of hind coxae or little and the clade formed the D. singna group, by shorter, only in D. oopaga reaching beyond poste- the D. spiculata and Dun- jacoona group, group, hind rior margin of coxae. until in- dubia s. str. will remain unresolved more

- than Thorax. Broadest part of pronotum broader formation becomes available. head but sometimes only just so. Pronotal disc nar- The third conclusion is that the three groups of than head but rower sometimes only just so; a me- the D. assemblage, D. nigripes, and D. jacoona in collar dial spot immediately front of pronotal vaginata [Dundubia s.str.] form a monophyletic often present, posterior margin of pronotal disc oc- the group. This is supported by two apomorphies: casionally with dark brown to black transverse globose postclypeus (character 4) and the absence in with more extensive dis- band, only D. oopaga a Because of markings on the tegmina (character 5). tinct black pattern on disc. Pronotal collar broad, of this monophyly the species of the D. jacoona median width 0.4-0.6 times the medial length of assemblage are classified in Dundubia. The D. pronotal disc, always narrowly black on posterior whole is jacoona assemblage as a non-monophy- margin and sometimes with brown to black mark- letic, so it is neither advisable nor practical to es- lateral of collar. ings on and posterior part pronotal its tablish a new taxon to accommodate species. less dark Mesonotum often with more or para-

small brown immedi- median fasciae or with spots

ately anterior of apices of anterior arms of cruci- Taxonomy with extensive form elevation; some species more

dark but in D. with black Description of the D. jacoona assemblage pattern only oopaga pat-

tern.

- or with reticulate Diagnosis. - Medium-sized to large cicadas: c: Tegmina and wings. Hyaline

26.0-40.0 of males brownish pattern between veins in distal and 27.5-45.0 mm; 9 : mm. Body pos-

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of veins of tenor part tegmina, occasionally basal anteriorly about as wide as mesonotum, in male

second and third apical cells slightly infuscate. gradually tapering towards genitalia, in female

— brownish anterior of Legs. Unicolorous ochraceous to or more suddenly narrowedjust pygofer.

with more or less extensive pattern of dark brown Timbal covering of male shorter than its basal

to black markings. Fore femur with two or three width. Male sternite 8 tapering posteriorly and

anteroventral spines, proximal spine strongest and convex in longitudinal direction, surface with long

at about two fifths from base, middle spine at three pale or brownish hairs, often interspersed with

quarters from base and either strong or rather shorter hairs.

weak, distal spine smaller than proximal and mid- Male genitalia. - Pygofer with lateral lobes

dle spine but occasionally indistinguishable. Hind rounded; basal lobes little to distinctly developed,

tibiae with two anterodorsal spines at about 45- sometimes pointed; anteroventral margin with

55% and 75-90% from base and three ventral long hairs, hairs in some species continuing

spines at 50-60%, 70-80%, and 90-95% from base, anteriorly for some distance on outer surface of

about tibial most spines as long as diameter; occa- pygofer or on surface enclosed by anteroventral

hind tibiae with three anterodorsal basal with hairs either shorter sionally spines margin; lobes or as

or two or four ventral spines. Spines on fore long as hairs on anteroventral margin. Outer sur-

and hind tibiae of face with femora same colour as paler short hairs, especially on posteroventral

and parts of legs and often darkened at apex, more posterior margins, only few hairs on anterior

extensively so on hind tibiae. Apex of hind tibia part, where longer hairs are scattered between

with anteroventral comb of about 15-20 brownish short Basal of ones. part uncus slightly globose

spines. and semicircular. Uncus lobes with medial mar-

Male operculum. - Operculum with small latero- gins curved inwards; mediodistal corners pro- proximal lobe, constriction at about 0.3-0.4 from duced into medial projection in some species;

distal of constriction rather variable in distal convex to lateral base, shape, margins concave; margins medial margin convex just distal of constriction, usually straight to slightly convex, more or less

either near apex convex, straight, or concave; apex parallel to convergent distally, sometimes with rounded in to pointed or even gully-shaped; lateral emargination or indentation; only D. nigripes margin either weakly or strongly convex, some- uncus lobes long and strongly narrowed at base. times straight or even concave near apex. Surface Uncus with scattered short hairs on outer surface

base of with of at operculum concave areas and distal set more densely along margins lobes, some of constriction always to some extent convex and strong erect hairs present laterally where uncus generally following outline of abdomen; lateral lobes and basal part of uncus are joined. Anal margin close to abdomen, operculum in dorsal valve with triangular lamellae; lamellae dorsally view generally only visible when part distal of and ventrally set with short hairs and with some constriction is strongly convex. Operculum reach- long hairs laterally between them. ing from beyond anterior margin of fifth to just beyond of abdominal posterior margin eight seg- ment. Unicolorous or ochraceous to brownish with Key to the males green, at most darkened at lateroproximal corner into lateral concavity and sometimes elsewhere Using the key it should be kept in mind that collec-

the along margin. tion specimens now ochraceous to castaneous may

Abdomen. - Ochraceous to in males have been castaneous, wholly or partly green when alive. The often with distinct lateral spots, but lateral spots light-dark pattern should remain largely unaf-

less absent in usually distinct or females or in dark fected by killing.

male specimens. Abdomen in just shorter than to Most females cannot as yet be identified with

1.4 times and in confidence. relevant as long as head thorax together, Possibly characters are given

about head female as long as and thorax together; and discussed in the descriptions of the species.

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lobes and almost and 33 mm or more D. 1 a Uncus long narrow, straight pointed Larger species, length jacoona

b unicolorous ochraceous to olivaceous. and without incisions or projections (Figs. 45-46) Body Opercula

with rounded lobe D. nigripes apex (Fig. 67). Katepimeral narrow

less b Uncus lobes not long and narrow; either short with medial (Fig. 71). Smaller species, length 32 mm or

broad and with D. projection on mediodistal corners, or long ayutthaya

or without lateral incisions 2

9 with rounded on a Opercula smoothly apex, tip virtually

midline of 88). Uncus lobes 2 a Uncus lobes with medial margins curved inwards along longitudinal operculum (Fig.

and that narrowed towards anterior thus much whole length forming medial projections may or margin, uncus

of be hidden under surface of lobes narrower at distal of uncus lobes than at bases may not outer uncus margins

(Figs. 6-7, 12-13, 19-27, 37-38) 3 uncus lobes (Fig. 86) D. sinbyudaw

b with either lateral of b Uncus lobes with medial margins curved inwards at bases Opercula apex pointed or angular, tip

of lobes only and without projections 6 longitudinal midline of operculum (Figs. 74, 81). Uncus

lobes hardly narrowed towards anterior margin, uncus

broader not much at distal of 3 a Medial projections ofuncus lobes short and hidden under or narrower margins uncus

lobes than at bases of uncus lobes 72, 79) 10 outer surface of uncuslobes (Figs. 37-38) (Figs.

rD. myitkyinensis

distal of constriction almost twice b Medial projections ofuncus lobes long, clearly projecting 11 a Opercula narrow, as

surface of lobes from under outer uncus (Figs. 6-7, 12-13, long as wide; apex acutely pointed or angular (Fig. 74).

19-27) 4 Uncus lobes not distinctly curved sideways, uncus at dis-

at of tal margins ofuncuslobes narrower than bases uncus

nor lobes 72) D. spiculata 4 a Medial projections of uncus lobes neither two-tipped (Fig.

bifurcate (Figs. 6-7); basal lobes of pygofer angularly b Opercula broad, distal of constriction almost one and a

half times rounded rounded (Fig. 6) D. feae as long as wide, apex angularly (Fig.

less curved b Medial projections of uncus lobes either two-tipped or 81). Uncus lobes usually more or sideways,

lobes broader than ba- bifurcate (Figs. 12-13, 19-27); basal lobes of pygofer uncus at distal margins of uncus at

rounded (Figs. 12, 19) 5 ses of uncus lobes or just as broad (Fig. 79)

D.¡ laterocurvata

of lobes bifurcate with thorn- 5 a Medial projections uncus

like outgrowths at mediodistal corners of uncus lobes or

along projections at small distance from laterodistal cor- Descriptions of the species

ners (Figs. 12-13) D. hainanensis

b Medial projections of uncus lobes either two-tipped or Dundubiafeae (Distant, 1892) n. comb. bifurcate with thorn-like outgrowths situated close to (Figs. 2, 6-11) of of of medial apex projection, shape apical part

projection rather variable (Figs. 19-27) D. nagarasingna

Cosmopsaltria feae Distant, 1892a: 101; 1892b: xii, 154, pi.

XV 20-20b; 1901: 247; 1906a: 98; 1906b: 56; 1912b: 45; 6 a Uncus lobes with lateral margin in ventral view incised, figs.

not smoothly emarginate (Figs. 51-52, 58-59, 65-66) ...7 Kato, 1932b: 165; Schmidt, 1932: 126; *Kato, 1934: 154; Wu,

b Uncus lobes with lateral margin in ventral view either 1935: 12; Metcalf, 1963a: 548; Overmeer & Duffels, 1967: 58.

feae; Kato, 1956: 95, 108; Duffels, 1983: 4, 9; emarginate or not, but never incised (Figs. 72-73, 79-80, Orientopsaltria

86-87) 9 Duffels & Van der Laan, 1985: 119.

Dundubia longina Distant, 1917b: 319, 320 (n. syn.); Metcalf,

531; Overmeer Duffels, 1967: 32, 33, 58; Bloem & 7 a Body greenish to ochraceous with distinctive black 1963a: &

Duffels, 1976: 143. markings on head and thorax (Fig. 61). Rostrum reaching

hind with rounded beyond coxae. Opercula apex (Fig.

- the 60) D. oopaga Lectotype designation and synonymy. According to

b Body unicolorous ochraceous to olivaceous or castaneous description (Distant, 1892a), the type material of D. feae was

at but male from the series is brown with greenish to ochraceous brown marks on head deposited MSNG a same now

and thorax, paramedian fasciae on mesonotum indistinct deposited at the BMNH. In the MSNG are three males and one

the label: 'Carin / Asciuii or absent. Rostrum reaching no further than bases ofhind female, all bearing following locality

either rounded Ghecu / 1400-1500 m. / L. Fea. III-IV.88.' One male coxae.Opercula slightly angular or at apex [printed].

(Figs. 53, 67) 8 bears a second label 'Cosmopsaltria / fea; Dist. / (type)'

[Distant's handwriting]; the second male bears a second label

castaneous with to ochraceous / Feas Dist / n.' [handwritten]; the third male 8 a Body brown greenish 'Cosmopsaltria sp.

bears second label 'i Padaun le / brown marks on head and thorax. Opercula with slightly a raccalgono e mangiano

lobe broad and abbrustolite' translated: the collect angular apex (Fig. 53). Katepimeral [handwritten; Padaung

' them and them The female bears an additional' rounded (Fig. 57), sometimes almost angular at apex. eat roasted]. 9

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Fig. 2. Localities ofDundubia feae, D. hainanensis, D. nagarasingna, and D. myitkyinensis.

3. Fig. Localities of Dundubia jacoona.

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4. Localities ofDundubia and D. Fig. oopaga ayutthaya.

Fig. 5. Localities of Dundubia nigripes, D. spiculata, D. laterocurvata, and D. sinbyudaw.

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Figs. 6-7. Dundubia feae (Distant, 1892), male, Khao Nang Rum: 6, pygofer and uncus in ventral view; 7, pygofer and uncus in

= = = = lateroventral view. = anal b basal anteroventral Legend: a aedeagus; av valve; part uncus; p pygofer; pam margin pygofer; pbl

= basal pygofer lobes; ub = bases of uncus lobes; ul = uncuslobes.

label. No type specimen was designated in the original de- 10.iv. 1917, R.V. de Salvaza, cr lectotype Dundubia longina,

BMNH. scription. The male labelled as type by Distant from MSNG is

The Laos: Pang Bo, Luang Prabang, 29.iii.1920, R.V. de herewith designated as lectotype and labelled accordingly.

other two males and the female from MSNG and the male from Salvaza, 1 cr, BMNH.

Thailand: H. 1 2 BMNH are labelled as Hinlap, i, Fruhstorfer, cr, 9 9 NHMW; paralectotypes. > Huaikha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, 16°N 99°E, 27.ii. 1986, I The description of Dundubia longina neither contained a

O", 1 9 R- Guinnel, ZMA; Khao Nang Rum, Uthai Thani, 400 type designation nor an indication ofthe number ofspecimens >

m, 1 .iii. 1986, M.G. Allen, 2 crcr, 1 9, BMNH; Muok-Lek involved. No further notes about possible type material were [Muaklek], 1000 ft, i, H. Fruhstorfer, 1 cr, 1 9, NHMW. consequently published. A single specimen from the type series Asciuii 1400-1500 iii-iv. L. Burma: Ghecu, Carin, m, 1888, is a male deposited at the BMNH bearing the following labels: Fea, cr lectotype Cosmopsaltria feae, MSNG; same data, 2 'Type' [printed on round label with red margin], 'Indo-China. / o* Cf and 1 Ç paralectotypes Cosmopsaltriafeae, MSNG; same Tonkin. / R.V. de Salvaza. / 1917-98.' [printed], 'Phong tho / data, 1 cr paralectotype Cosmopsaltria feae, BMNH. Tonkin / 10 avril 17' [handwritten in pencil on folded label], - Females probably belonging to this species. Vietnam: Phong 'Dundubia / longina / type Dist.' [Distant's handwriting], Tho, Tonkin, vi. 1917,R.V. de Salvaza, 3 9 9, BMNH; reg. de 'Distant Coll. / 1911-383.' [printed]. This specimen is herewith Hoa Binh, Tonkin, 1926,A. de Cooman, 1 9, MNP. designated as lectotype (ICZN Recommendation 73F) and is Thailand: Fang, Chiengmai [Chiang Mai], 500 m, labelled accordingly. A new handwritten label containing the 19.iv. 1958, T.C. Maa, 1 9 , BPBM; Huai Kha Khaeng, 400 m, fading data written in pencil on the folded label has been added. iii. 1986,M.G. Allen, 1 9, BMNH. The close resemblance between D. feae and D. longina was Location unknown: Ostindien, 1895, Lebzelter, 1 9» already mentioned by Overmeer & Duffels (1967) and they NHMW. indicated that examination of the would be genitalia necessary.

Examination of the lectotypes ofD. feae and D. longina showed

Remarks. - is D. feae a rather large-sized species that the genitalia are identical and that the specimens differ in with ochraceous brown to dark brown colour. This minor details only. D. feae and D. longina are thus considered be be can separated from related to synonymous. species species by

the of the that broad on the shape opercula are very

distal half and the of the medial Material examined. - Vietnam: Hoa Binh, Tonkin, 1919, J. De (Fig. 8) by shape

of the Cooman & R. Oberthur, 1 O", MNP; Phong Tho, Tonkin, projection uncus lobes (Fig. 6).

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Description. - Body brownish to castaneous, pos- gins somewhat longer, especially on ventral mar-

of lobe base of terior parts paler; ventral parts of body paler than gin. Apex katepimeral just reaching

dorsal parts; headand thorax with a lighter pattern, operculum or shorter.

often and basal cell paramedian fasciae on mesonotum present. Tegmina wings: Tegmina hyaline;

with infuscation. Veins of dark brown Usually no pair of brown spots at posterior margin pale tegmen

of lateral lobes of pronotal disc. but subcosta + radial vein, base of medial vein,

between radial and medial Head: Postclypeus castaneous brown but lighter contact zone veins, sec-

lateroventral of anteromedial spot; anteromedial ond cubital vein, and anal veins paler. Wings

anterior of veins ochraceous cubital spot ochraceous and area frontoclypeal hyaline; to brownish, first vein in distal suture brownish. Anteclypeus castaneous, lighter and veins part of wing darker.

Fore femora with dorsal surface brown on median line and sometimes along lateral mar- Legs: to

dark with band before gin. Vertex brown but darker on vertex lobes ex- brown, distally dark just

area of ocelli fore tibiae dark cept along eye margin; castaneous, apex, posteroventral stripe dark;

brown with ochraceous dorsal sometimes connected with darker part on vertex stripe on proximal

then lobes or extending posteriorly and enclosing paler half, when extensively darkened extending to

of Suture dorsal fore tarsi brownish. Mid medial spot on posterior margin vertex. part near apex;

between vertex lobe and supra-antennal plate dis- femora ochraceous, anterior surface with indis-

anterodorsal and tinct, merging with longitudinal groove running tinct brown longitudinal stripe,

lateral of and be- either along part frontoclypeal suture posterodorsal stripes present or absent, all connected dorsal band tween eye and lateral ocellus. Frontoclypeal suture stripes sometimes by just

medial wider than distance between before mid darkened trapezoid, part apex; tibiae ochraceous,

lateral margins of lateral ocelli. Rostrum ochrace- dorsally and ventrally and when extensively dark-

blackened at middle of hind ened then near itself ous, apex, reaching stripes joining apex, apex coxae. ochraceous; mid tarsi brown. Hind legs ochrace-

broader darkened distal Thorax: Pronotum slightly to distinctly ous, only hind tibiae ventrally on than head. Pronotal disc castaneous brown with half. Fore femur with middle spine shorter and

darker central anterior than distal faint indication of fasciae, more sharply pointed proximal spine; margin and median area ochraceous brown or spine small and blunt, indistinct; gap between mid-

sometimes medial in front dle and distal broad and shallow. Hind more olivaceous; spot spines very of pronotal collar distinct. Pronotal collar ochrace- tibia exceptionally with fourth anteroventral spine ous brown to olivaceous with black posterior mar- at about 40% from base.

anterolateral gin; parts with large brown spots that can be divided into two smaller spots; usually no Male. Operculum (Fig. 8): Very long, reaching

of lateral from anterior of seventh ab- pair of brown spots at posterior margin just beyond margin

dominal abdominal lobes of disc but when present indistinct; anterior segment to halfway eighth

maximum corner with short pointed lateral tooth, posterior segment, 2.6-2.9 times as long as width

cruci- of ochraceous but corner smoothly rounded. Mesonotum and distal constriction; sometimes

with distal form elevation castaneous brown, median area on greenish tinge on part, lateroproximal posterior half and lateral areas of mesonotal disc corner darkened. Medial margin concave near

half of cruciform el- distal of constriction almost and apical of anterior arms base, first convex, but evation often somewhat darker. Katepimeral lobe straight towards apex. Apex truncate to angularly

shorter than about basal when (Fig. 11) or as long as rounded, truncate distal margin straight to width; dorsal margin convex especially towards weakly convex and mediodistal and laterodistal

to ventral corners rounded when distinct medial apex; apex angular narrowly rounded; (Fig. 8); tip

almost of of Lateral margin concave to straight. Surface of longitudinal midline operculum. mar- katepimeral lobe flat to slightly concave on dorsal gin concave at level of timbal covering and some-

covered with short hairs and what distal of constriction first half, waxy coating beyond, convex,

towards and with some scattered long hairs; hairs on mar- weakly convex to almost straight apex,

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Figs. 8-11. Dundubia feae (Distant, 1892), male: 8, right

operculum in lateroventral view, Khao Nang Rum; 9, pygofer

in dorsal view, Pang Bo; 10, right timbal covering, Khao Nang

Rum; 11, right katepimeral lobe, Hoa Binh.

from base onwards almost parallel to slightly con- Abdomen: Length 1.0-1.2 times that of head and

with medial Constriction 0.2- thorax Dorsal of vergent margin. at together. part tergites brown, pos-

0.3 of length of operculum, medial concavity less terior tergites somewhat darker; sternites and ven-

than of brown. 3- deep lateral concavity, broadest part tral parts of tergites ochraceous Tergites

operculum distal of constriction 1.5-1.7 times as 5 with darker brown lateral spots. Posterior mar-

those wide as minimum width in constriction. Distance gins of tergites 4-7 with short dark spinules, between opercula at constrictions 1.2-1.4 (1.6) on tergite 4 fewer and shorter than on other

wide width in Timbal times as as minimum constriction. tergites. covering (Fig. 10) brownish but

Opercula at point of closest approximation sepa- slightly darker laterally, about 1.3 times as wide as rated 0.5-0.6 times maximum curved for a distance of long; medial margin immediately laterad; width between opercula at constrictions. Surface mediodistal corner and distal margin broadly of operculum convex distal of constriction, flatten- rounded; laterodistal corner rounded, lateral mar-

ing distally when apex is truncated, especially at gin slightly convex to almost straight. Sternite 7 mediodistal corner, often with transverse undula- with shallow, rounded posteromedial emargina- tions in area of flattening; mediodistal corner tion. sometimes slightly upturned; less convex when Genitalia (Figs. 6-7, 9): Ochraceous brown but

is or dorsal of of ba- apex more angular gouge-shaped at apex part pygofer and posterior margin when is curved around sal of brownish apex produced; operculum part uncus more to castaneous. abdomen at lateral margin. Basal pygofer lobes angular, well separated from

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hairs lateral margin of pygofer (Fig. 6); on antero- caudodorsal beak; anal valve not reaching as far as

ventral margin and basal lobes long, those on basal caudodorsal beak.

lobes shorter than those on margin, hairs continu-

= = surface enclosed anteroventral n - ing on by margin Measurements in mm (cr: 5; 9 : n 3). Body length: o*:

37.5-44.5 (41.2 ± 2.8), 35.5-40.0 (38.3 ± head width: and for short distance on pygofer surface anterior 9 : 1.9);

cr: 12.2-13.9(13.0±0.6), 9: 13.0-14.8 (13.9± 0.6); maximum of medial part of anteroventral margin. Basal part pronotum width: cr: 12.3-14.4 (13.4 ± 0.7), 9: 13.4-15.1 (14.4 of uncus globose, broad and almost semicircular ± 0.7); tegmen length: O": 45.0-51.5 (48.3 ± 2.0), 9 : 47.5-51.5 lobes with (Figs. 6-7), near bases of uncus occa- (50.0 ± 1.7).

sional short erect hairs. Uncus lobes very short and

raised compared to basal part of uncus (Fig. 7), Distribution (Fig. 2). - D. feae is recorded from connected semicircular rim around aedeagal by Burma, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. Records opening, rim well before distal ending margin from Jiangsu in China (Schmidt, 1932; Wu, 1935)

(Figs. 6-7); medial and mediodistal corner margin could not be confirmed. strongly curved inwards and produced into long

tapering, sideways directed, thick lobe (Fig. 6);

distance between apices of lobes on medial mar- Dundubia hainanensis (Distant, 1901) n. comb. gins much more than to about equal to distance be- (Figs. 2, 12-18)

tween anterolateral corners; distal margin concave

or almost straight; laterodistal corner broadly Cosmopsaltria hainanensis Distant, 1901: 247; Kirkaldy, 1909 lateral and rounded; margins weakly convex con- 181.

with vergent from base; uncus lobes few long erect Platylomia hainanensis; Distant, 1906b: 61; 1912b: 49; Kato,

1932a: 1; 1932b: 166; Schmidt, 1932: 126; *Chen, 1933: 18; hairs lateral of rim, otherwise on flat surfaces with *K.ato, 1934: 155, pl. 62 fig. 20; Wu, 1935: 13; *Kato, 1938: shorter erect hairs; hairs on inner (dorsal) surface 10; Kato, 1940a: 18; Liu, 1940: 90; Kato, 1956: 47, 96, 121; and on lobe on medial margin somewhat longer. Metcalf, 1963b: 619; Duffels & Van der Laan, 1985: 120.

Dundubia bifasciata Liu, 1940: 88, pi. 5 fig. 24 (n. syn.); Kato,

Female. Operculum brownish, darker basally and 1956: 95, 118; Metcalf, 1963a: 528; Overmeer & Duffels,

along medial margin, just reaching beyond base of 1967: 32, 33, 55; Liu, 1978: 110, 111, 112, pi. 5 fig. 24.

sternite 3, only little curved around abdomen Not: Dundubia bifasciata; Ishihara, 1961: 225, pi. 1 fig. 1 (see laterally. Lateral margin distal of lateroproximal D. nagarasingna and below under Distribution). lobe laterodistal weakly convex; corner angularly

distal rounded; margin weakly convex; medio- Synonymy. - From Distant's wording (Distant, 1901: 'Since

distal corner broadly rounded; medial margin short this written collection contains description was my own a

and lateral and medial of each second it can be deduced that the convex; margin example,... [p. 247]) original

from base. was based on a which must thus be operculum convergent description single specimen treated as the holotype. The specimen at the BMNH labelled as Abdomen: Length 0.8-0.9 times that of head and type has the following labels: 'Type' [printed on round label thorax together. Dorsal part of tergites castaneous with red margin], 'Hainam [sic!] / W.R.O. Grant / 99-283', brown; sternites and ventral parts of tergites 'hainanensis / Dist. [Distant's handwriting]. These labels do not 3-6 lateral with lighter. Tergites near margin correspond with the information given in the description. darker spots. Posterior margin of tergite 4 with However, the accession number on the locality label refers to

an accession book at the BMNH (Zoological Accession Insecta some short and slender dark spines medially; pos- Volume VI 1894-1900) which states that the material in terior margin of tergites 5-7 with more numerous question was collected at Five Finger Mountains, Hainan by and spines; of 8 longer posterior margin tergite and Whitehead presented to the BMNH by Grant. There is no with scattered Sternite 7 with spines medially. a doubt that this specimen is the holotype. rounded Examination ofthe ofD. hainanensis and the posteromedial emargination. holotype para-

of Dundubia has shown that the Genitalia: Dorsal part of pygofer and distal part type bifasciata genitalia are identical in structure and that they otherwise differ in minor of sheath almost remainder ovipositor castaneous, details only. D. hainanensis and D. bifasciata are thus con- brownish. Dorsal margin ofpygofer in lateral view sidered be Lei 1 .vii. to synonymous. Z. (in lit., 1995) also

concave, ventral margin slightly convex. considered them but he did slightly to be synonymous not state whether

sheath of he had examined material. Ovipositor reaching just beyond apex any type

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and in Figs. 12-13. Dundubia hainanensis (Distant, 1901), male: 12, pygofer and uncus in ventral view, Fanyang; 13, pygofer uncus lateroventral view, Fanyang.

Material examined. - China: Fanyang, Hainan, 5.ÍV.1936, G. Head: Postclypeus ochraceous brown with me-

iv. • Hainam Ros, 1 CT, TARI; same data, 13. 1936,2 o cr, TARI; dial part ventral of anteromedial spot and parts be- [typographical error for Hainan], holotype O" Cosmopsaltria tween ridges darker, anteromedial spot more yel- Hainan 1 hainanensis, BMNH; Island, 2 acr, 9, BMNH; , lowish. Anteclypeus brown with lighter median Hainan, 26.viii.1934, Hainan Exp., 1 Cf, CUIC; Yellow Sea,

fascia and Vertex brownish with area Hainan, 1 o-, 1 9 CUIC; Yua... [remainder illegible], Hainan, margins. ,

4.iv.l936,G. Ros, 1 o- TARI; around ocelli and anterior margins of vertex lobes , Yungshien,Kwangsi [Guangxi],

G. Liu, O" Dundubia bifasciata, MCZ. V.1933, paratype slightly darker. Head otherwise brownish. Suture Vietnam: An-Ninh,près Quang-Tri, M. Maunier, 1921,1 $, between vertex lobes and supra-antennal plates MNP; Ba Be National Park, Cao Bang, 14-23.V.1995,D. Currie, shallow to distinct and merged with longitudinal B. & J. Swann, 1 Ç ROME; Eua Aman Hubley , Tung, lateral part of [typographical error for Annam], iii.iv. 1928, 1 cr, SEM; groove running along frontoclypeal and lateral ocellus. Monkay [Mong Cai], 1894, Brocars, 1 cr, BMNH; Env. de suture and between eye

de Jabouille, 1923, 2 Quang-Tri, Prov. Quang-Tri, Annam, Frontoclypeal suture with medial part wider than

cr cr, 1 9, MNP; Haut Tonkin, Reinhart, 2 cr cr MNP; , Quantri distance between lateral margins of lateral ocelli 1 1 de Bai [Quang Tri], Annam, cr, 9, BMNH; Region Troi, and almost straight, medial parts with slight to dis- Prov. de Quang-Tri, Annam, Jabouille, 1923, 1 9, MNP. tinct bends. Rostrum brownish, almost black at

between bases of hind coxae. Remarks. - D. hainanensis is a rather large-sized apex, just reaching than species with ochraceous brown to brown colour. Thorax: Pronotum broader head, usually

has that also at level of lateral teeth of collar. This species long opercula are narrowed pronotal

Pronotal disc and lateral lobes near the apex (Figs. 14-15). The medial projection brown, paramedian of sometimes anterior and median the uncus lobes is bi-apical but the two spines darker; margin

more ochraceous brown, sometimes with are well separated from each other (Figs. 12-13). part in frontof greenish tinge. Medial spot immediately

Description. - Body brownish above, abdomen pronotal collar small and distinct to almost imper- more castaneous on posterior segments, ventral ceptible. Pronotal collar somewhat lighter than parts often lighter. pronotal disc and sometimes with greenish tinge;

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abdominal three pairs of brownish spots, one near anterior beyond posterior margin of seventh

margins of collar, one in middleof lateral part, and segment to just beyond posterior margin of eighth

of lateral lobes of 2.8-3.7 times maxi- one on posterior margin disc; abdominal segment, as long as

width of Me- these spots sometimes almost imperceptible. An- mum distal constriction; brownish.

terolateral of collar rather dial part pronotal narrow, margin concave near base, concave area long

lateral margin almost straight and lateral tooth ab- and reaching almost halfway sternite 3, then first

towards either almost sent or lateral margin somewhat concave and lat- convex but apex straight

eral blunt but broad tooth distinct; posterior corner (Fig. 14), weakly convex or slightly concave (Fig.

brownish but for narrowed towards and smoothly rounded. Mesonotum 15) some distance; apex tip

and rounded broad slightly more castaneous on posterior parts, para- to angularly rounded, or apex

and distal almost with median fasciae narrow and dark. Katepimeral lobe margin straight mediodistal

(Fig. 18) triangular; dorsal margin slightly con- and laterodistal corners rounded; lateral margin

almost at level of timbal concave area cave to straight; apex narrowly rounded; concave covering,

ventral margin slightly concave to almost straight. reaching almost halfway tergite 3, margin just

lobe curved towards and towards Surface of katepimeral meso- distal of constriction convex apex

outwards either convex or convex and notum, sometimes apex slightly curved straight, weakly

Constriction again. Apex of katepimeral lobe just reaching base slightly concave for some distance. at

of operculum. 0.2-0.3 of length of operculum, medial concavity

lateral about twice as Tegmina and wings: Hyaline, sometimes with very shallow and concavity

distal of indistinct brownish reticulation visible between deep, broadest point of operculum con-

striction times wide in veins in distal part; basal cell hyaline or with slight 1.4-1.8 as as narrowest part

pale infuscation; exceptionally basal veins of sec- constriction. Distance between opercula at con-

ond and third apical cells almost imperceptibly strictions 1.2-1.7 times as wide as minimumwidth

of closest infuscate. Veins of tegmen brownish with costa in constriction. Opercula at point ap- and second anal vein blackish to dark brown with proximation separated for a distance of 0.4-0.7

medial times maximum subcosta + radial vein, base of vein, contact width between opercula at con- zone between radial and medial veins, second strictions. Opercula curved towards abdomen, sur- cubital vein and first anal vein paler. Wings face of operculum distal of constriction convex but

medial almost flat hyaline; veins brownish to dark brownish; near apex. vein, cubital veins, and first anal vein paler. Abdomen: Length 1.1-1.3 times that ofhead and

thorax Dorsal of brownish Legs: Fore femora brownish with darker brown- together. part tergites ish ring just before apex and with darker spot at but posterior margins of tergites 3-7 and whole of base of fore tibiae dark 8 sternites and ventral of proximal spine; very tergite castaneous, parts brown with a light brown anterodorsal stripe from tergites lighter. Tergites 3-7 with lateral spots base onwards for two thirds of their length; fore though spots not very pronounced. Tergites 5-7 tarsi dark brown. Mid femora ochraceous to light with short dark spines on posterior margin, more

somewhat Tim- brownish; mid tibiae darker on dorsal surface and numerous and longer posteriorly. at mid tarsi dark brown. Hind femora bal and apex; covering (Fig. 17) brownish, large some-

tibiae darkened times 1.1-1.4 times wide ochraceous to brownish; hind at very broad, as as long,

dorsal hind tarsi ochra- not broadest at medial rather apex except on surface; always base; margin ceous. Fore femur with proximal spine slightly short, either almost straight or convex; mediodistal

distal laterodistal longer than middle spine and somewhat pointed; corner rounded; margin convex, middle spine narrowly triangular and pointed; corner rounded but not as broadly as mediodistal

lateral sometimes distal spine very short but distinct; gap between corner; margin straight, concave middle and distal spines shallow and broad. for short distance. Sternite 7 with shallow, angular

posteromedial emargination.

Male. Operculum (Figs. 14-15): Long and distal Genitalia (Figs. 12-13, 16): Brownish, only

in from darker Basal part rather variable shape, reaching just pygofer slightly dorsally. pygofer

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Figs. 14-18. Dundubia hainanensis (Distant, 1901), male: 14, right operculum in lateroventral view, Fanyang; 15, id., Quang Tri; 16, pygofer in dorsal view, Fanyang; 17, right timbal covering, Eua Tung; 18, right katepimeral lobe, Fanyang.

lobes formed by swollen continuation of antero- tion (Figs. 12-13); distal margin concave; latero- ventral margin, smoothly rounded (Fig. 12); hairs distal corner rounded; lateral margin smooth and

anteroventral and basal lobes lateral on margin long, weakly convex; margins of uncus lobes those on basal lobes even slightly longer than those sometimes with short thick erect hairs, surface oth-

erwise covered with thin on margin but virtually no hairs on pygofer surface sparse, erect hairs which anterior of anteroventral margin. Basal part of are shortest on outer (ventral) surface. uncus globose, broad and almost semicircular, near bases of uncus lobes with occasional short Female. Operculum ochraceous brown, darkened erect hairs. Uncus lobes short and raised at from very com- lateroproximal corner, just reaching just pared to basal part of uncus (Fig. 13), connectedby beyond anterior margin to halfway sternite 3, only rim around aedeagal opening with medial part of little curved around abdomen laterally. Lateral rim and distal of extending onto basal part of uncus almost margin lateroproximal lobe almost continuing to distal margin (Figs. 12-13); medial straight; laterodistal corner usually angular, some- margin strongly curved inwards and produced into times angularly rounded; distal margin weakly long, tapering, sideways directed lobe (Figs. 12- convex and often straight near laterodistal corner;

of lobes 13); distance between apices on medial mediodistal corner broadly rounded; medial mar- margins about equal to distance between antero- gin short and weakly convex; lateral and medial lateral mediodistal into of base. corners; corner produced margins operculum convergent from head and short inwards (dorsally) directed, pointed projec- Abdomen: About 0.9 times as long as

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Distant, 1906a: 103; 1906b: 60; thorax together. Dorsal part of tergites dark Platylomia nagarasingna; 1912b: 48; 1917a: 101; *K.ato, 1940b: 3; 1941: 3; Kato, 1956: brownish, little paler on anterior segments; ster- 121; Metcalf, 1963b: 622; Gogala, 1995: 104, 111, figs. 3a-b. ochraceous nites and ventral parts of tergites Platylomia nagalasingna [sic!]: Kato, 1932b: 166, pi. XXI fig. 8. brown brownish. 3-6 near lateral mar- to Tergites Dundubia helena Distant, 1912a: 641 (n. syn.); 1912b: 43;

1967: gin with darker spots that may be very indistinctor 1916: 4; Metcalf, 1963a: 529; Overmeer & Duffels, 31,

short 33, 57, fig. 25; Duffels & Van der Laan, 1985: 116. completely covered by dense cover of silvery Cosmopsaltria fratercula Distant, 1912b: 44 (n. syn.); 1917a: hairs. Posterior margin of tergites 4-7 with numer- 101; Moulton, 1923: 89; Schmidt, 1932: 126; *Kato, 1934: 154; 4 ous slender dark spines, those on tergite fewer in Metcalf, 1963a: 548. number than of on tergites 5-7; posterior margin Orientopsaltria fratercula; Kato, 1956: 121; Duffels, 1983: 9.

8 4a-b. tergite 8 with scattered spines medially. Tergite Platylomia sp.; Gogala, 1995: 104, 111, figs.

Sternite 7 with rounded ?Dundubia bifasciata; Ishihara, 1961: 225, pi. 1 fig. 1. heavily grey tomentose. a

posteromedial emargination. the of Lectotype designations and synonymy. - In descriptions Genitalia: Dorsal part of pygofer and distal part Dundubia nagarasingna, D. helena, and Cosmopsaltria of sheath brown to dark ovipositor brown, espe- fratercula no holotypes were designated and no numbers of

which the were based were cially aroundbase of caudodorsal beak; remainder specimens upon descriptions mentioned. Specimens belonging to the series of each of ochraceous brown. Dorsal margin of pygofer in type the three species should thus be considered syntypes and lateral view slightly concave, ventral margin lectotypes have to be designated(ICZN Recommendation 73F). convex. sheath reaching about slightly Ovipositor at the BMNH consists of The type series of D. nagarasingna far of caudodorsal anal valve not as as apex beak; two males with the following labels: 'N.W. Burmah' [hand-

/ Dist.' 'Dis- reaching as far as caudodorsal beak. written], 'nagarasingna [Distant's handwriting], tant Coll. / 1911-383.' [printed]. One male with dissected

genitalia bears a label 'Type' [printed in round label with red = Measurements in mm (o* : n 5). - Body length: a : 40.0-45.0 margin] but this does not constitute a valid type (neither (42.8 ± 2.0), 9 : 34.0-39.0 (37.5 ± 1.8) (n = 4); head width: cr : holotype nor lectotype) designation. The specimen already 11.9-14.1 (13.1 ±0.8), Ç : 12.4-13.4(13.1 ±0.4) (n =3); maxi- bearing the 'Type' label is herewith designated as the lectotype width: 12.2-14.4 ± 10.7-11.8 mum pronotum cr: (13.8 0.8), 9: and labelled The other male is labelled accordingly. as para- = 42.5-51.5 ( 11.4 ± 0.4) (n 4); tegmenlength: cr : (47.1 ±2.7), lectotype. 9 : 42.5-49.0 (46.5 ± 2.0) (n = 4). The type material of D. helena at the BMNH apparently

consists of a single male with the following labels: 'Type'

Distribution (Fig. 2). - D. hainanensis is re- only [printed in round label with red margin], 'Dehra Dun'

corded from Vietnam and China (including [typewritten], '1414' [printed], 'Dundubia / helena / type Dist.'

Hainan). Records from Zhejiang in China (Chen, [Distant's handwriting], 'Distant Coll. / 1911-383.' [printed].

No type was designated in the original description so the 1933*) and from Japan (Metcalf, 1963b) could not labelling of the specimen as type does not constitute a valid be confirmed. The record from Japan by Metcalf to type designation. Since no other material clearly belonging was ascribed to Kato (1934*) but this be may the type series is available, this specimen is herewith des- transla- based on a misinterpretation or on a wrong ignated as the lectotype and labelled accordingly. tion of Kato's The record Ishihara As in the previous species, the type material ofC. fratercula paper. by at the BMNH consists of a single male. This specimen is (1961) could not be confirmedeither. The illustra- labelled as follows: two labels 'Type' [printed in round label tion of the specimen (Ishihara, 1961: pi. 1 fig. 1) with red margin], 'Tonquin' [handwritten], 'Cosmopsaltria / resembles D. rather than D. haina- nagarasingna fratercula / type Dist.' [Distant's handwriting]. Again no type nensis. was designated in the original description, so the labelling of

does not constitute valid the specimen as type a type desig-

nation. No other material clearly belonging to the type series is

available, so this specimen is herewith designated as the lecto- Dundubia nagarasingna Distant, 1881 type and labelled accordingly. 19-36) (Figs. 2, Examination of the lectotypes of D. nagarasingna and D.

helena has shown that they are almost identical, the only

is less Dundubia nagarasingna Distant, 1881: 635; Atkinson, 1884: difference being that the latter specimen patterned on

225; 1886: 164. head and thorax. The structure ofthe genitalia is identical. D.

thus be Cosmopsaltria nagarasingna; Distant, 1889: 44, pi. IV figs. 14- nagarasingna and D. helena are considered to

1892b: xii. 14b; synonymous.

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The resemblance between the lectotypes ofD. nagarasingna Gressitt, I Ç, BPBM; Piahat, vi. 1917, R.V. de Salvaza, 1 9,

and D. fratercula is much less straightforward. Both the shape BMNH.

Thailand: Kanchanaburi Dist., 26.iii.1986,M.G. Allen, 1 ofthe apices of the uncus lobes and the shape ofthe opercula 9>

different. After more material it became clear BMNH; Naklud, Chonburi, ca. 150 km Z.O. van are examining prov. [south-

that the characters in each ofthe extremes east A.C.J. 1 RMNH; Siam, Bocourt, specimens represent of] Bangkok, Bongers, 9 >

of in of In neither it is to 327 62, 1 9, MNP; Siam, Prince Chumpon, 1 9, BMNH. a range shapes. case possible distinguish

and the variation in both characters does Burma: Burma, A.C. Mole, 1 BMNH. discrete groups not 9,

1 be there be unknown: '25', 9, BMNH. seem to correlated, although seems to a geo- Locality

The variation is further described and graphical component.

discussed below. Since no other characters seem to justify a Remarks. - D. nagarasingna is a rather large-sized

of D. from D. D. separation fratercula nagarasingna, frater- species but generally somewhat smaller than D. cula is herewith synonymized with D. nagarasingna. and hainanensis. The colour from feae D. ranges

ochraceous brown to castaneous. This species is Material examined. - Vietnam: Bac Ninh, Tonkin, 1898, Nou- variable in the of the Cochin highly shape operculum alhier, I cr, MNP; Baria [Ba Ria], Chine, 1911, 28-32). The of the of the uncus Vauthier, 2 crcr, MNP; Chapa [Cha Pai], Tonkin, v-vi.1916, (Figs. shape apices cline but R.V. de Salvaza, 1 O", BMNH; Cochin [Cochin Chine], 1 O", lobes shows a geographical (Figs. 21-27)

BMNH; Cochin Chine, 1878, Pierre, 1469 78, 4 crcr, MNP; is distinctly different from that of D. hainanensis.

de Tonkin, 1936, de 3 cr 2 Région Hoa Binh, A. Cooman, cr, The record by Ishihara (1961) is provisionally 9 9, MNP; Tonquin [Tonkin], lectotype a* Cosmopsaltria listed here. The specimen illustrated (Ishihara, Doc Binh fratercula, BMNH; Tuong [Thuong Due] ... [bis?] 1961: pi. 1 fig. 1) could not be examined but re- Dinh [An Nhon], Annam, 1900,T. Hamon, 1 cr, BMNH. sembles D. nagarasingna rather than D. hainanen- Cambodia: Kiri Rom, 700 m, 31 .iii-7.iv.1961, N.R. Spencer, sis. 1 cr, BPBM.

Laos: Ban Nahan, J.F. Godfrey, 1 cr, 1 Q, BMNH; Ban

9.iii. R.V. de 1 Saloueun, 1920, Salvaza, - Luang Prabang, o% Variation. This species is highly variable in a

BMNH; Laos inférieur, 1876, J. Harmand, 1093 76, 3 crcr, 1 number of characters, each of them with the poten- 1 9 , MNP; Mouc Dahan, J.F. Godfrey, cr, BMNH; Vientiane, tial of creating confusion about identification. The Vientiane Prov., 22.iii.1966, J. & J.H. Sedlacek, 1 cr, BPBM. shape of the medial projection of the uncus lobes Thailand: Bangkok, Bang Khen, 17.ii. 1988, W.H., 1 cr, (Figs. 21-27) shows a geographical cline. In speci- BMNH; Chiengmai [Chiang Mai], 1100-1500 m, 1966, J.

1 iv. D. & from the western of the the medial Sedlacek, cr, BPBM; Chiangrai [Chiang Rai], 1951, mens part range

is E. Thurman, 1 cr, USNM; Hat Yai [Ban Hat Yai], 20.iv.1993, projection narrower and two-tipped with two

M. Gogola, 1 cr ZMA; Mae Son, 31 .iii. 1993,M. Gogola, , Hong close-set, small apical spines (Figs. 21-23), where- 16.ii. 1 I or, ZMA; Nonthaburi, 1988, W.H., cr, BMNH; same as in the specimens from the eastern part the me- data, 1 cr, ZMA; Patong Beach, Phuket, 5-9.iii.1986, T. & M. dial projection is broader and bifurcate, each of Simon Thomas, 1 cr, 1 9 , ZMA; Prov. Pachim [Prachin Buri], the tips sharply pointed and often curved (Figs. 26- J.M. Bel, 1 cr, BMNH; Sakaerat [Ban Huai Sakae Rat], Khorat

27). The of the is accompa- Prov., 300-400 m, l-2.iii.1968, D.E. Hardy, 1 cr, 1 9, BPBM; broadening projection

Prince of the outer Siam, H.R.H. Chumpon, 1 O", BMNH. nied with shift of the position of the spine

Burma: Burma, 1 the and with Bingham, cr, BMNH; Myitta, Tenass. towards the ventral part of uncus an

Vail. [Tenasserim Valley], Doherty, 4 0"0", BMNH; N.W. increase in the size of the spines to create the bifur- Burmah [Burma], cr lectotype and 1 cr paralectotype Dun- cate character of the projection. It should be noted, dubia 1 nagarasingna, BMNH; Rangoon, Archbold, 4 O" c, 9, however, that specimens apparently from the same BMNH. series do also display variation. India: Dehra Dun, a lectotype Dundubia helena, BMNH

unknown: label BMNH. The of the male shows consid- Locality illegible, 1 o', shape operculum

Females probably belonging to this species. - Vietnam: Hoa erable variation (Figs. 28-32) that is independent

Binh, Tonkin, 1919, J. De Cooman & R. Oberthur, 4 9 9, of the variation in the shape of the medial projec- Lao R. 1 MNP; Indo-China, Vitalis, . BMNH; Kay [Lao Cai], 9 of the tion of the uncus lobes. The shape oper- reg. de Hoa-Binh, Tonkin, A. De Cooman, 1926, 1 9, MNP; culum ranges from rather short and smoothly de reg. Hoa-Binh, Annam, R.P.M. Maunier, 1903, 1 9, MNP; rounded at the rather and apex (Fig. 29) to long Tonkin, vi. 1917,V. de Salvaza, 1 9, BMNH.

attenuated or sometimes at the Laos: Ban Van Eue, 13-15.iv. 1965, J.L. Gressitt, 1 9, apex gully-shaped

BPBM; Ban Van Eue, Vientiane Prov., 800 m, 1 l.iv. 1965, J.L. tip (Figs. 31-32).

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Figs. 19-27. Dundubia nagarasingna Distant, 1881, male: 19, pygofer and uncus in ventral view, lectotype D. nagarasingna; 20, pygofer and uncus in lateroventral view, lectotype D. nagarasingna; 21, distal part of uncus in lateroventral view, lectotype D. nagarasingna; 22, id., Ta Mode; 23, id., Vientiane; 24, id., Chiang Mai; 25, id., Laos inférieur; 26, id., Kiri Rom; 27, id., Tonkin, lectotype D. fratercula.

Description. - Body light to dark castaneous Head: Postclypeus castaneous but ventrally

with ochraceous brown a lighter pattern on head and prono- lighter, anteromedial spot brown and

and anterior of often tum, darkest parts usually on head pronotum, area frontoclypeal suture lighter

brown. ventral parts paler than dorsal parts. castaneous or ochraceous Anteclypeus

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Figs. 28-30. Dundubia nagarasingnaDistant, 1881,male: 28, right operculum in lateroventral view, Mae Hong Son; 29, id., lectotype

D. nagarasingna; 30, id., Laos inférieur.

concolorous with ventral part of postclypeus. Ver- ochraceous brown to olivaceous with black poste-

and with tex castaneous with supra-antennal plates nar- rior margin and often brown spots anteriorly

row stripes running from these lobes to posterior and medially on lateral part and spots posterior of

of ochraceous brown. margin vertex brownish to lateral lobe of pronotal disc, latter spots sometimes

Suture between vertex lobes and supra-antennal extending medially and in rare cases forming a

distinct and plates merged with a longitudinal transverse band; anterior corner with short blunt to

lateral groove running along part of frontoclypeal pointed lateral tooth, posterior corner smoothly

suture and between eye and lateral ocellus. Fronto- rounded. Mesonotum ochraceous brown to castan-

clypeal suture trapezoid, medial part wider than eous with paler fasciae lateral of mesonotal fis-

distance between lateral of lateral sometimes with obconical be- margins ocelli, sures, paler spots

sometimes suture almost semicircular. Rostrum tween mesonotal fissures or with medial area brownish, blackened at apex, usually reaching at paler; cruciform elevation often paler than disc ex-

least middle of hind coxae, only rarely beyond. cept for medial area. Katepimeral lobe (Fig. 36) Thorax: Pronotum slightly broader than head, narrowing towards apex and longer than basal although in males occasionally just narrower than width; dorsal margin almost straight or somewhat head. Pronotal disc anterior basal castaneous, margin concave on half, then convex to apex; apex

fascia ochraceous brown sometimes but and median or narrowly rounded sometimes slightly angular; more olivaceous; medial spot in front of pronotal ventral margin concave, lobe narrowing close to collar absent. Pronotal collar base. Surface of either present or katepimeral lobe slightly concave

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ventrally, when extensively darkened then stripes

mid tarsi dark brown. Hind joining near apex;

and femora either with narrow anterodorsal pos-

terodorsal stripes that are joined in darker speci-

hind tibiae darkened mens or without stripes;

darkened ventrally on distal half; hind tarsi

and apically. Fore femur with proximal spine long

rather blunt, middle spine shorter and pointed, middle distal spine small and blunt, gap between

and In and distal spines broad not very deep. rare

tibia dorsal cases hind lacking proximal spine or

with fourth anteroventral spine at about 40% from

base.

Male. Operculum (Figs. 28-32): Very variable in

length and shape. Long, reaching from just beyond

anterior margin of fifth abdominal segment to pos-

2.5- terior margin of eighth abdominal segment,

3.5 times as long as maximum width distal of con-

striction; ochraceous but sometimes with greenish

tinge, lateroproximal corner and lateral margin

halfway into concavity dark brown. Medial margin

constriction first concave near base, distal of con-

Dundubia male: variable in Figs. 31-32. nagarasingna Distant, 1881, 31, vex, variable near apex. Apex shape; id., right operculum in lateroventral view, Vientiane; 32, Mouc rounded when both medial and lateral mar- apex Dahan. gins are convex near apex (Figs. 28-29); apex an-

gular when either margin or both margins are al-

with short hairs either of them is convex on dorsal half, densely covered most straight or slightly when either and with some scattered near (Fig. 30); produced and waxy coating long apex apex

hairs somewhat concave or both hairs; on margins longer, espe- margin more strongly slightly ei- of lobe concave near 31-32); tip can be on cially on ventral margin. Apex katepimeral apex (Figs.

ther midline of just reaching base of operculum or shorter. side of longitudinal operculum.

cell Lateral concave at level oftimbal covering Tegmina and wings: Tegmina hyaline; basal margin

of somewhat distal of constriction first hyaline or with pale infuscation. Veins tegmen and beyond,

and variable Constriction at 0.2-0.4 ochraceous to brownish but costa, cubital vein convex, near apex.

of medial less deep first anal vein darker, basal part of medial vein also of length operculum, concavity

than broadest of operculum darker except at extreme base. Wings hyaline; lateral concavity, part distal 1.4-1.8 times wide mini- veins ochraceous to brownish. ofconstriction as as

and often width in constriction. Distance between Legs: Ochraceous to brownish par- mum

constrictions 1.5-1.9 times as wide as tially darkened but most of darkening without dis- opercula at

with dark minimum width in constriction. at tinct pattern. Fore femora always pos- Opercula point for distance teroventral stripe, posterodorsal stripe and anterior of closest approximation separated a

of0.6-0.9 maximum width between either or fore tibiae times opercula spot near apex present absent; Surface of distal of darkened ventrally, when extensively darkened constrictions. operculum con-

striction curved around abdomen then darkening extending to dorsal part near apex; strongly convex,

less when is fore tarsi brownish. Mid femora either with or at lateral margin, surface convex apex

without anterodorsal stripe, sometimes only brown more angular, or surface gouge-shaped at apex

mid tibiae darkened and when is spot near apex; dorsally apex produced.

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Figs. 33-36. Dundubia nagarasingna Distant, 1881, male: 33, pygofer in dorsal view, Mae Hong Son; 34, right timbal covering,

lectotype D. nagarasingna; 35, id., Mae Hong Son; 36, right katepimeral lobe, lectotype D. nagarasingna.

Abdomen: 1.1-1.3 times that of headand broad and rather Length uncus little globose, triangular,

Ochraceous thorax together. brown to castaneous angles rounded (Fig. 19), near bases ofuncus lobes

but posterior tergites somewhat darker, lateral with some short, pale, thick hairs. Uncus lobes

often somewhat than medial parts paler part, very short and raised compared to basal part of

sternites and ventral parts of tergites ochraceous to uncus (Fig. 20), connected by semicircular rim

ochraceous brown. Tergites 3-6 usually with indis- around aedeagal opening, rim continuing to distal

tinct brown lateral spots. Dorsal part of abdomen margin (Figs. 19-20); medial margin and medio-

with of three bands distal inwards pattern consisting longitudinal corner strongly curved and pro-

of greyish pilosity, one broad band medially and duced into medial two-tipped to bifurcate projec-

two narrow bands posterior of timbal coverings; tion, ranging in shape from two close-set small

pilosity often partially or completely rubbed off. spines (Figs. 21-23) to two more widely separated,

Posterior margins of tergites 6 and 7 with short sharply pointed and curved thorn-like spines (Figs.

dark spinules. Timbal covering (Figs. 34-35) 26-27); distal margin concave or almost straight;

brownish but darker and laterodistal often on medial, lateral, corner broadly rounded; lateral margin distal margins, about 1.1-1.2 times as wide as long; weakly convex; uncus lobes with many erect hairs,

medial mediodistal those flat margin very short; corner on surfaces long, those near margins

broadly rounded; distal margin oblique and con- shorter.

laterodistal vex; corner rounded, lateral margin al- most straight. Sternite 7 with shallow, rounded Female. Operculum brownish, darkened in latero- posteromedial emargination. proximal corner but occasionally along whole

Genitalia (Figs. 19-27, 33): Ochraceous brown, proximal margin just reaching beyond base of dorsal part of pygofer and apices of uncus lobes sternite 3, only little curved around abdomen often more brownish or castaneous. Basal pygofer laterally. Lateral margin distal of lateroproximal lobes formed swollen of antero- lobe to latero- by continuation weakly convex weakly concave; ventral rounded margin, smoothly (Fig. 19); hairs distal corner angularly rounded or sometimes even on anteroventral and distal almost margin basal lobes long, angular; margin weakly convex to those basal lobes than on even slightly longer those straight; mediodistal corner broadly rounded; me- on few scattered hairs margin, a on pygofer sur- dial margin short and convex; lateral and medial face anterior of anteroventral Basal of of each from base. margin. part margin operculum convergent

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Abdomen: Length 0.9-1.0 times that of headand the east. This casts doubt on the correctness of the

thorax together or little longer. Dorsal part of data on the label.

tergites dark brown to castaneous, sometimes little

paler on anterior segments; sternites and ventral Biological notes. - The specimens from Ban Huai

of ochraceous brown. in parts tergites ochraceous to Sakae Rat, Thailand were collected a dry

lateral with darker Tergites 3-5 near margin spots diplocot forest. Gogala (1995) reported that P.

that be indistinct covered in Hat may very or completely nagarasingna was found gregarious Yai,

dense of short hairs. Posterior by cover silvery Thailand.

with few short dark margin of tergite 3 rarely a

of 4-7 - discussed the of cica- spines laterally, posterior margin tergites Song. Gogala (1995) songs

with and more numerous longer spines but spines das recorded in Thailand. The recorded species

in number and shorter included D. in Hat Yai P. fewer on tergite 4; posterior nagarasingna (as na-

of 8 with scattered margin tergite longer spines garasingna), and a species named Platylomia sp.

medially. Tergite 8 usually heavily grey tomen- from the Mae Hong Son region. The species were

Sternite 7 with rounded and behaviour. tose. a to angular postero- similar in morphology chorusing

medial emargination. The song patterns of these species were similar

Genitalia: Dorsal part of pygofer brownish, es- though not identical in pattern and the latter spe-

darker caudodorsal beak, latero- in middle of the in pecially on cies often sang the day contrast

ventrally often with narrow longitudinal brown to the former. Voucher specimens for both species

remainder ochraceous ochraceous examined and be- stripes, to were Platylomia sp. proved to

of brown; distal part ovipositor sheath almost long to D. nagarasingna.

castaneous. Dorsal of in lateral Variations in and margin pygofer morphology, song pattern,

view ventral slightly concave, margin slightly con- timing of singing is not often recorded because

sheath far be- extensive research has been done. vex. Ovipositor reaching as as or hardly any

anal valve of in all yond apex of caudodorsal beak; not Hayashi (1975) gives an account variation

beak. reaching as far as caudodorsal three features in some species ofMeimuna occur-

ring in the Ryukyu Archipelago.

= Measurements in mm (o*: n 9). - Body length: cr: 33.5-39.0

(36.3 ± 1.1), 9 : 34.5-37.0 (35.4 ± 0.9) (n = 4); head width: or:

10.7-12.0(11.4 ±0.3), 9: 12.1-12.8 (12.4 ± 0.3) (n = 4); maxi-

Dundubia n. mum pronotum width: cr: 10.9-13.1 (11.5 ± 0.3), 9: 12.4-12.9 myitkyinensis sp.

(12.7 ± 0.2) (n = 3); tegmen length: O": 39.0-43.0 (40.9 ± 1.3), (Figs. 2, 37-44)

9 : 43.5-46.5 (44.7 ± 1.2) (n = 3).

- Material examined. Holotype cr: 'Myitkyina Burma / v.20.

Distribution 2). - D. is the (Fig. nagarasingna 1945 / Grant W. Miller (SEM). Paratype: Burma: Myitkyina distributed of the most widely species D. jacoona 12.V.1945,L. C. Kuitert, 1 9 (SEM). assemblage and found throughout most of Indo-

Remarks. - D. is brown China (excluding the most northern parts) and on myitkyinensis castaneous the Malay Peninsula (but not in Peninsular Malay- and compared to D. nagarasingna this species is sia). Records from China (Kato, 1934*) and from somewhat larger. The opercula are long and

could be confirmed. narrowed towards the Japan (Metcalf, 1963b) not gradually apex (Fig. 41),

The record from Japan by Metcalfwas ascribed to and the medial projections of the uncus lobes are

Kato but this be misinter- covered the ventral surface of the (1941*) may based on a by (outer) uncus pretation or on a wrong translation of Kato's pa- lobes (Fig. 37). per.

should noted that the of - It be type locality D. Description. Body castaneous brown with a helena (Dehra Dun, India) is well outside the main lighter pattern on headand pronotum, darkest parts

of D. The closest head and ventral range nagarasingna. localities to on pronotum, parts paler than

lie in this locality Burma, more than 2,000 km to dorsal parts.

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37-40. Dundubia and in ventral and in Figs. myitkyinensis n. sp., male, holotype: 37, pygofer uncus view; 38, pygofer uncus

lateroventral view; 39, distal part of uncus in anterolateral view; 40. id., in dorsal view (inner part).

Head: Postclypeus castaneous but dorsal part brown but medially darker, median fascia ochrace-

anteromedial and with slightly lighter, spot small areas ous brown. Pronotal collar ochraceous brown

anterolateral brownish lateral of medial line on ventral part ochraceous black posterior margin, part brown. Anteclypeus castaneous, part along clypeal with indistinct darker brown spot, lateral part me-

with distinct brown suture and median line pale brownish. Vertex dially spot and spots posterior castaneous. Suture between vertex lobe and supra- of lateral lobe of pronotal disc extending medially

with antennal plate as in D. feae. Frontoclypeal suture and forming transverse band; anterior corner trapezoid, medial part wider than distance between short somewhat blunt lateral tooth, posterior cor-

rounded. lateral margins oflateral ocelli. Rostrum brownish, ner smoothly Mesonotum castaneous blackened almost as far as with fasciae lateral of mesonotal at apex, reaching poste- paler fissures,

these fasciae rior margin ofhind coxae. broadening towards anterior margin

Thorax: Pronotum narrower than head. Pronotal and enclosing small triangular castaneous spots at

of and lateral anterior of disc castaneous, surface paramedian margin disc; cruciform elevation paler

half lobes as well as narrow band just posterior of ante- than disc except for medial area and apical of rior margin darkest, anterior margin ochraceous anterior arms. Katepimeral lobe (Fig. 44) narrow-

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and than basal and well distal of constriction ing towards apex just longer width; beyond, weakly

then 0.2-0.3 of of dorsal margin concave on basal half, convex convex. Constriction at length oper-

medial shorter and than to apex; apex rounded; ventral margin straight on culum, concavity deeper

basal Surface lateral broadest of distal half, then concave. of katepimeral concavity, part operculum

covered with short of constriction about times wide as mini- lobe slightly concave, densely 1.9 as

hairs and hairs on mum width in constriction. Distance between some waxy coating, margins

constrictionsabout 1.8 times wide only little longer; few scattered long hairs on ven- opercula at as as

tral margin. Apex of katepimeral lobe just reach- minimum width in constriction. Opercula at point

of closest for distance ing over base of operculum. approximation separated a

Tegmina and wings: Tegmina hyaline; basal cell of about 0.5 times maximum width between

with yellowish infuscation. Veins of tegmen opercula constrictions. Surface of operculum dis-

brownish, medial vein more ochraceous, second tal of constriction convex but almost flat at distal

anal vein blackish. Wings hyaline; veins brownish, fifth, hardly curved around abdomen at lateral

medial vein, second cubital vein, and first anal margin.

vein more ochraceous. Abdomen: Almost 1.2 times as long as head and

Legs: Brownish with pattern of darkening and thorax together. Tergites castaneous medially,

Fore femora with brownish sternites and some paler patches. brownish more laterally; ventral parts

dark posteroventral stripe, anterior and posterior of tergites brownish but posterior sternites some-

surface and narrow apical band more ochraceous; what darker. Tergites 3-7 with dark brown lateral

those 6 and 7 rather small. fore tibiae dark brown but ochraceous dorsally on spots, on tergites

basal third; fore tarsi dark brownish. Mid femora Tergite 4 with very few scattered spine-like setae

with anterior and Posterior brownish darkened posterior near posterolateral corner. margins of

with short stripes that are separated dorsally by narrow tergite 5 laterally dark spines except

brownish stripe; mid tibiae brownish with dark medially, posterior margin oftergites 6 and 7 with

brown basal band and with dark brown stripes spines along whole length. Timbal covering (Fig.

along whole length dorsally and ventrally; mid 43) brownish and broad, about 1.3 times as wide as

tarsi dark brown with anterior surface somewhat medial mediodistal corner long; margin very short;

paler. Hind femora with narrow anterodorsal and broadly rounded; distal margin oblique and con-

posterodorsal stripes; hind tibiae as mid tibiae but vex; laterodistal corner rounded, lateral margin al-

dorsal stripe narrowly interrupted just distal of ba- most straight. Sternite 7 with deep and rounded

sal band; tibiae broken off halfway so hind tarsi posteromedial emargination.

missing. Fore femur with proximal and middle Genitalia (Figs. 37-40, 42): Ochraceous brown

of spines equally long; proximal spine rather blunt; to brown, ventral part of pygofer and apices

middle spine pointed; distal spine small but dis- uncus lobes palest. Basal pygofer lobes as in D.

between middle and distal but from lateral tinct, pointed; gap feae more distinctly separated

of in spines rather narrow and deep. margin pygofer (Fig. 37); hairs on pygofer as

D. feae, but virtually whole surface enclosed by

Male. Operculum (Fig. 41): Long, reaching from anteroventral margin with hairs and with several

just beyond posterior margin of eighth abdominal long hairs at posterolateral margin. Basal part of

about broad and almost segment, 3.6 times as long as maximum uncus globose, semicircular (Fig.

width distal of constriction; brownish, latero- 37), near bases of uncus lobes with several thick

and lateral about half- hairs. Uncus proximal corner margin to erect lobes short and raised compared

basal of way into concavity dark brown. Medial margin to part uncus (Figs. 37-38), connected by

concave near base, distal of constriction only rim around aedeagal opening, rim almost continu-

about distal medial and weakly convex, especially halfway oper- ing to margin (Figs. 37-38);

culum. Apex angular, almost pointed; tip situated distal margin strongly curved inwards; medial

lateral Lat- with of longitudinal midline of operculum. margin a sideways directed, pointed projec-

laterodistal eral margin concave at level of timbal covering tion (Figs. 39-40); corner produced

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Figs. 41-44. Dundubia myitkyinensis n. sp., male,holotype: 41,

right operculum in lateroventral view; 42, pygofer in dorsal

view; 43, right timbal covering; 44, right katepimeral lobe.

into backwards directed, pointed projection (Figs. covered with short silvery hairs, hairs hiding

darker whenever these 38-40); lateral margin weakly concave; uncus spots near lateral margin

lobes with of 4-7 few erect hairs on outer (ventral) sur- spots are present. Posterior margin tergites face lateral rim and with in- of numerous setae on with numerous and long spines, those on tergite 4

surface bases of ner (dorsal) near uncus lobes, shorter, more slender and fewer in number; poste-

hairs otherwise short. rior margin of tergite 8 with scattered spines ex-

8 tomentose. cept laterally. Tergite heavily grey Female. Operculum brownish, darker basally, just Sternite 7 with an almost indistinguishable pos- reaching beyond base of sternite 3, only little teromedial emargination. curved around abdomen laterally. Lateral margin Genitalia: Dorsal part of pygofer and distal part distal of lateroproximal lobe almost straight; of ovipositor sheath dark brown, remainder laterodistal corner angularly rounded; distal mar- brownish. Dorsal margin ofpygofer in lateral view gin weakly convex; mediodistal corner broadly slightly concave, ventral margin slightly convex. rounded; medial short and lateral margin convex; sheath of Ovipositor hardly reaching beyond apex and medial margins ofeach operculum convergent caudodorsal beak; anal valve not reaching as far as from base. caudodorsal beak. Abdomen: About as long as head and thorax to- gether. Dorsal part of tergites castaneous, little = = in mm 1, - o" Measurements (cr : n 9 : n 1). Body length: : anterior sternites and ventral on maximum paler segments; 41.5, 9 : 38.0; head width: cr: 13.8, 9: 13.3; prono-

brownish. 2-7 parts of tergites Tergites densely tum width: cr: 13.3, 9 : 13.9; tegmenlength: cr: 46.5, 9 :47.0.

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22.ii. Distribution (Fig. 2). - This species is only known BMNH; Genting Highlands, Pahang, 1994, Zaidi, Ruslan, Kuala H.M. Saiful, 1 cr, UKMS; Lumpur, 25.i.1931, at light, from the type locality in northern Burma. Pendlebury, 1 cr, BMNH; Larut Hills, Perak, 3750 ft, at light,

6.ii. 1932, H.M. Pendlebury, 1 o\ BMNH; same data, 4500 ft,

- This is named after the species type Maxwell Etymology. 23.x. 1932, 1 cr, BMNH; Hill, 1350 m, 17-20.iii.1958,

locality. T.C. Maa, 1 cr, BPBM; Malacca, ii. 1908, 1 cr, BMNH; Perak,

2 c c7, BMNH; Selangor, lectotype Cosmopsaltria nigripes cr,

BMNH; Tanjong Hantu, light-house, 1924, 1 cr, BMNH.

comb. Dundubia nigripes (Moulton, 1923) n. - Remarks. D. nigripes is a medium-sized species (Figs. 5, 45-50) with colour head and thorax that a pattern on may

be indistinct. It is further characterized the Dundubia mannifera (nec Walker) var. a; Distant, 1889: 39 by

(partim: Perak); 1892a: pi. XII figs. 1-lb; 1892b: xi (partim: elongated and strongly narrowed uncus lobes

Malay Peninsula). (Figs. 45-46). Dundubia mannifera; Distant, 1906a: 94 (partim: Malay

Peninsula).

Description. - Body ochraceous brown to cas- Cosmopsaltria nigripes Moulton, 1923: 89, figs. 6-6b taneous, when darker often with a lighter pattern Orientopsaltria nigripes; Duffels, 1983: 9.

on head and thorax, ventral than dorsal Dundubia rafflesii; Overmeer & Duffels, 1967: 51 (partim: parts paler distinct dark Malaya). parts, mesonotum with paramedian

fasciae and sometimes indicationof lateral fasciae;

Not: Dundubia Walker) var. Distant, 1889: mannifera (nec a; darkened with opercula slightly near apex; legs 39 (partim: North Khasi Hills); 1892b: xi (partim: India) (see D. darkened parts. laterocurvata). Head: Postclypeus ochraceous brown to brown,

- of anteromedial Lectotype designation. Moulton (1923) described this species lateral and ventral spot darker;

from the Malaysian states Negeri Sembilan, Selangor, Perak, ochraceous brown to brown colour of antero-

and Kedah, and stated that the is at the BMNH but did not type medial extend all the to fronto- spot may way further details the So even specify any concerning (holo)type. clypeal suture. Anteclypeus brown, lighter on me- though a specimen deposited at the BMNH does bear a label dian line and Vertex brownish, cannot considered valid along margins. indicating that it is a type, this be a type around lobes and designation. This specimen bears the following labels: 'Type' darker on area ocelli, on vertex

[printed in red circle]; 'TYPE o* / Cosmopsaltria / nigripes lateral part of vertex and on anterior margins of Moulton / 13.vi.22' [Moulton's handwriting]; '24' and supra-antennal plates. Genae ochraceous brown to 'Selangor / F.M.S.' on the reverse side; 'Pres. Raffles Mus. / brown with darker transverse band just below an- Singapore. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-302' [printed]. It is herewith tennae between and Suture be- eyes postclypeus. designated as lectotype.

tween vertex lobe and with The material Distant (1889) recorded as Dundubia vaginata supra-antennal plate

distinct anterior of lobes var. a from Perak and North Khasi Hills is indeed different from pits near margin vertex

other ofDundubia It how- specimens vaginata. seems unlikely, and also where meets suture longitudinal groove from these localities the ever, that specimens represent same running along lateral part of frontoclypeal suture species. The material from the former locality represents D. and between and lateral ocellus. eye Frontoclypeal nigripes (see Moulton, 1923: 90) and that from the latter most suture almost trapezoid but with tendency to be likely represents D. laterocurvata.

somewhat semicircular; width of medial part com-

Material examined. - Peninsular Malaysia: Bukit Kutu, pared to distance between lateral margins oflateral

15.xii.1915,2 CTO-, BMNH; Bukit Kutu, 3300 ft, 1920-1925, ocelli variable. Rostrum ochraceous brown to A.R. 1 Bukit 3500 Sanderson, or, BMNH; Kutu, Selangor, ft, blackened at between brown, apex, just reaching 21.iii.1931, at light, H.M. Pendlebury, 1 o1 , BMNH; Cameron

hind coxae. Highlands, light trap, 18-19.iii.1966, J. & M. Sedlacek, 1 cr, Pronotum about broad head. BPBM; Fraser's Hill, Pahang, 4000 ft, 26.ii. 1929, H.M. Thorax: as as

Pendlebury, 1 cr, BMNH; Fraser's Hill, Kuala Lumpur,Pahang, Pronotal disc ochraceous brown to brown, central

I. Fraser's 3000 ft, i-iii.1951, Clausen, 1 o\ UZMK; Hill, fasciae and posteromedial part of paramedian Pahang, 4000 ft, 29.Í.1929, H.M. Pendlebury, 1 a, BMNH; lobes usually distinctly darker brown; medial spot same data, 31.i.1929, 1 O", BMNH; same data, 1 .ii. 1929, 1 cr,

in front of collar dark brown to 4200 2.i. 1 Fraser's pronotal distinct, BMNH; same data, ft, 1930, cr, ZMA; Hill,

blackish and into two 30.iii. 1930,A.S. Corbet, 1 o*, ZMA; The Gap, iii. 1921, 3 cr cr, sometimes split smaller

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Figs. 45-46. Dundubia nigripes (Moulton, 1923), male, Genting Highlands: 45, pygofer and uncus in ventral view; 46, pygofer and

in lateroventral view. uncus

spots and extending slightly on to pronotal collar. weakly convex towards apex; apex rounded but al-

Pronotal collar ochraceous brown olivaceous to most angular; ventral margin concave close to with black posterior margin; lateral part of collar base, straight or slightly convex towards apex. with brown close to lateral and Surface of lobe spot margin usually katepimeral slightly concave, es- a second, smallerand less distinct spot medial of it; pecially on dorsal half; covered with short hairs

with brown hairs occasionally spots at posterior margin and sometimes with some waxy coating, on of lateral lobes of disc; anterior corner with small ventral and apical margins somewhat longer. Apex pointed lateral tooth, posterior corner smoothly of katepimeral lobe distinctly reaching over base rounded. Mesonotum ochraceous brown to brown; of operculum but sometimes only little. median fascia absent or indistinct, if present then Tegmina and wings: Tegmina hyaline with indis- broadened towards and split anterior of cruciform tinct brownish reticulation between veins in distal elevation; paramedian fasciae narrow and dark part; basal veins of second and third apical cells brown to blackish, immediately medial of meso- almost imperceptibly infuscate; basal cell with notal fissures, posterior part of fasciae paler; fas- pale infuscation. Veins of tegmen brownish, costal

towards each towards ciae curved other or even vein and anal veins paler. Wings hyaline; veins anterior margin close to medial line, sometimes brownish, paler in basal part of wing.

median lat- fused on medial line or joining fascia; Legs: Fore legs ochraceous to brownish; tro- eral fasciae sometimes present as elongated brown chanters often dark anteriorly at bases of femora; spots close to posterior margin of disc, rarely de- femora anteroventrally with darkened longitudinal veloped on anterior halfof disc. Cruciform eleva- stripe, apically with dark brown ring that may be

disc. tion somewhat paler than Katepimeral lobe interrupted dorsally; tibiae dark brown, dorsal sur-

(Fig. 50) longer than basal width; dorsal margin face with ochraceous stripe from base till three

base of Mid almost straight, only weakly concave at and quarters its length; tarsi dark brown. legs

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Figs. 47-50. Dundubia nigripes (Moulton, 1923), male: 47,

right operculum in lateroventral view, Selangor; 48, pygofer in

dorsal view, Genting Highlands; 49, right timbal covering,

Genting Highlands; 50, right katepimeral lobe, Genting

Highlands.

femora sometimes with indis- maximum width distal of ochraceous ochraceous; very constriction;

but with and tinct dorsal stripes; tibiae with apical quarter dark- to brownish sometimes greenish tinge

ened; tarsi dark brown. Hind legs ochraceous; with small darker spot close to lateroproximal cor-

indistinct dorsal distal half often somewhat darker than femora sometimes with very ner; apical

stripes; tibiae with slightly to distinctly darkened half, especially on margin. Medial margin concave

basal ring and with apical third darkened, tarsi near base, convex distal ofconstriction, sometimes

ochraceous brown to dark brown. Fore femur with less convex for short distances but never with

middle spine shorter and more sharply pointed slightly angular bends. Apex rounded, sometimes

than proximal spine; distal spine small and blunt, slightly angular, tip situated lateral of longitudinal

and distal of Lateral distinct; gap between middle spines midline operculum. margin concave at

and Hind tibia with antero- level of timbal distal of constriction deep very narrow. covering,

ventral be to Constriction at 0.3-0.4 of spines having tendency to placed more evenly convex apex.

distally than in other species of assemblage, caus- length of operculum, lateral concavity usually less

distal be reduced in size than medial of ing most spine to or even deep concavity, broadest part

absent. operculum distal of constriction 1.5-1.6 times as

wide as minimum width in constriction. Distance

1.2-1.4 Male. Operculum (Fig. 47): Long, reaching from between opercula at constrictions times as just beyond anterior margin to posterior margin of wide as minimum width in constriction. Opercula

sixth abdominal 2.3-2.5 times of for segment, as long as at point closest approximation separated a

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= distance of 0.4-0.6 times maximum width between Measurements in mm (cr: n 5). - Body length: cr: 32.0-34.0

(32.8 ± 0.6); head width: cr: 11.0-12.1 (11.5 ± 0.3); maximum opercula at constrictions. Surface of operculum pronotum width: cr : 11.6-12.5 (11.6 ± 0.4); tegmen length: O": distal of constriction convex but only weakly so in 36.5-41.0 (38.5 ± 1.4). longitudinal direction.

Abdomen:Length 1.1-1.2 times that of head and

Distribution - it that (Fig. 5). At present appears D. of ochraceous thorax together. Dorsal part tergites nigripes is confined to the Malay Peninsula. brown to almost castaneous; sternites and ventral

parts of tergites somewhat lighter but less so on

posterior segments. No distinct dark lateral spots Dundubiajacoona (Distant, 1888) n. comb. 5-7 on tergites. Posterior margins of tergites with (Figs. 3, 51-57) dark short spinules, tergite 4 sometimes with very

few spinules on lateral part of posterior margin. Cosmopsaltria jacoona Distant, 1888: 295; 1889: 47; 1890: pi. Timbal covering (Fig. 49) brownish and usually V figs. 3-3b; 1892a: 101; 1892b: xii; 1906b: 56; Moulton, concolorous with mesonotum, about 1.4-1.7 times 1911a: 141, 155; 1911b: 185, 189; Distant, 1912b: 44; wide medial as as long; margin immediately curv- Moulton, 1917: 2; 1919: 63; 1923: 90, 167; Kato, 1932b: 165.

ed laterad; mediodistal corner and distal margin Orientopsaltria jacoona; Kato, 1944a: 7; 1944b: 9; Metcalf, 1963a: 558; Duffels, 1968: 79, 83; 1983: 4, 9; Duffels & Van broadly rounded; laterodistal corner rounded, lat- der Laan, 1985: 119. eral margin slightly convex. Sternite 7 with shal-

low, rounded posteromedial emargination. Material examined. - Peninsular Malaysia: Batu Anam [Batu Genitalia (Figs. 45-46, 48): Ochraceous brown Enam], Johore, xi. 1919, 1 o•, BMNH; Johore, 1 cr possible dorsal of darker than to brown; part pygofer ven- syntype Cosmopsaltria jacoona Distant, BMNH; Kuala Lum-

19.iv.1922, H.M. at 1 BMNH; same tral part; uncus lobes usually paler than remainder pur, Pendlebury, light, cr,

data,28.x.1929, 1 cr, BMNH; Malacca, 1890, Plason, 13 cr cr, of uncus but sometimes uncus completely casta- NHMW; Penang Is., 24.xi.1927, F.N. Chasen, 1 9, BMNH; and neous. Basal pygofer lobes narrow rounded, same data, 25.x. 1927, 1 O", BMNH; Port Dickson, Negeri well separated from lateral margin of pygofer (Fig. Sembilan, 26.xi.1932, H.M. Pendlebury, 1 cr, BMNH; same hairs de- 45); on anteroventral margin long and data, 4.Í.I935, 2 cr cr, BMNH; Pressqu'ill de Malacca, 1899,

Croix creasing in length, both towards basal lobes and Errington de la & P. Chapé, 2 cr cr, MNP; Si Kledang

towards medial enclosed 2650', Perak, 20.xi.1927, E. Seimund, 1 BMNH; Rompin part of area by antero- cr, Co. Track, S.E. Petoh ventral few hairs Mining Railway Pahang, swamp, margin; only very on pygofer 15.xii.1960, J. Hendrickson, 1 cr, BPBM; same data, 18.xii. surface anterior of medial part of anteroventral 1960, T.C. Maa, 1 Ç, BPBM; Rompin Mining Co. Railway Basal of uncus rather small and little margin. part 31 S.E. Petoh 19.xii. T.C. Track, km, Pahang, swamp, 1960,

globose, near bases ofuncus lobes with occasional Maa, 2 crcr, BPBM; Rompin Mining Co. Railway Track,

19.5 S.E. Petoh 19.xii. 1 short erect hairs. Uncus lobes narrow and long, di- m, Pahang, swamp, 1960, cr, BPBM; Rompin Mining Co. Railway Track, 62 km, S.E. Pahang, vergent from base, no rim around aedeagal open-

3.iii.l961,T.C. Maa, 1 9, BPBM; same data, 31 m, 4.iv. 1961, ing (Figs. 45-46); medial margin slightly convex to K.J. Kuncheria, 1 9 BPBM; same data, 31 ml, 6.ÍV.1961, 1 9 , , almost straight and curved inwards along whole ZMA; Tapah, Perak, 1900, G.B. Cerruti, 2 cr cr, MNP. length, apex and somewhat tapering pointed (Figs. Borneo: Borneo, 1 cr, BMNH; Borneo, 1 cr, MNP; Borneo,

lateral curved at base of 45-46), margin medially 1414 91, Chaper, 1 cr, MNP; Borneo, Müller, 1 9, RMNH. uncus lobes, with straight but smooth angle at East Malaysia: Borneo, Sabah: Forest Camp, 19 km N. of

medial and Kalabakan, North Borneo (S.E.), 60 m, 19.ix.1962, Y. about one third from margin then run- Hiroshima, light trap, 1 9, BPBM; Forest Camp 12 m N. of ning parallel to or slightly convergent with medial Kalabakan, Tawau Residency, NB [North Borneo], 200', margin; distance between of uncus lobes apices K.J. 19.X.1962, leg. Kucheria, light trap, 1 or, BPBM; same greater than distance between lateral margins of data, 1 or, ZMA; Kalabakan, Tawau Residency, N. Borneo, 14- basal of but smaller than width at bases L.W. & T.C. 1 part uncus 15.ix.1958, Quate Maa, 1 or, BPBM; same data, of Kalabakan 30 mi. West Tawau Resi- uncus lobes; uncus lobes with short erect hairs, cr, ZMA; R., Tawau,

dency, North Borneo, 9-18.xi.1958, T.C. Maa, 1 BPBM; those near and on bases little longer. cr, [Mount] Kinabalu, N. Borneo, 1 9, BMNH; Quoin Hill

[Gunung Bedung], Cocoa Res. Station, Tawau, North Borneo Female. associated females No were found among (S.E.), 1 .viii. 1962,Y. Hirashima,light trap, 1 cr, BPBM; Quoin the in collections. material Hill [Gunung Bedung], Cocoa Res. Station, Tawau, North

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Figs. 51-52. Dundubia jacoona (Distant, 1888), male, Balik Papan: 51, pygofer and uncus in ventral view; 52, pygofer and uncus in lateroventral view.

Borneo (S.E.), 7-12.viii.1962, Y. Hirashima, light trap, 1 o•, ZMA; same data, 1 or, SEM; Diambi [Jambi], 1909, P.

BPBM; Rimidi, R. Labuk, Sandakan Dist., 16-30.ix.1973, C. Molenburgh, 3 cr cr, ZMA; Dolokmerangir [Dolokmaranggir],

Pruett, 1 cf, BMNH; Sandakan, Nord Borneo, Montano & Rey, 0.K. [east coast] Sumatra, H.C. van Eldik, 1 o*, RMNH;

1 cr MNP; Tawau, Cocoa Res. Station, N. Borneo, 28.viii. 1893-1894, Hasselt, 4 cr RMNH; , Indragiri, [van] cr, Indragiri,

1962, Y. Hirashima, light trap, 1 o", BPBM; Tawau, Brumas A.L. v. Hasselt, 1895, 1 o-, RMNH; Kuala Simpang, N.E.

Camp, N. Borneo, xi.1974, C. Pruett, 5 crcr, BMNH; East Sumatra, iii.1954, lowland cultivated area, at light, A. Sollaart,

Malaysia: Borneo, Sarawak: Julau Lanjak Entimau, 28- 4 cr cr, RMNH; Namoe Dengas Est., Langkat, E. coast Su-

29.ii.1992, Zaidi, 1 cr, UKMS; foot of Mt. Dulit, junction of matra, Jourin, 1 9, MCZ; Padang, Sumatra's Westkust [west

& B.M. & A.W. E. W.C. rivers Tinjar Lejok, 30.ix.1932, Hobby Moore, coast], Jacobson, 1 cr, ZMA; Palembang, v. 1947,

Melinau Mulu National 1 cr, BMNH; W. Gorge, Gunong park, Verboom, 1 cr, RMNH; Sennah Estate, Negerilima [Ne-

150 m, iii-iv. 1978, J.D. Holloway, 3 9 9, BMNH. gerilama], E. C. [east coast] Sumatra, vii.1954, A. Sollaart,

Brunei: 2 cultivated 1 Brunei?, Waterstracht, 9 9, BMNH; (north) lowland, area, on light, cr, RMNH; Siak,

Rampayoh R., lowland forest, l-3.iii.1982,G.S. Robinson, 2 Bluntschli, 1 cr, BMNH; Soesoe [Soesoh], 29.iv.1911, O.

BMNH. 1 Sumatra crcr, Christiane, cr, UZMK; Tenajan, ulu, Tengah,

Indonesia: Borneo, Kalimantan: Balik Papan [Balikpapan], 1.x.1959, Ryberg, 1 Ç>, UZMK; same data, 5.X.1959, 1 cr,

O. K. [East coast] Borneo, 1913, v.d. Bergh, 1 cr, ZMA; UZMK.

Boentok Barito unknown located: Without 1 Boelongan [R. Kayan], 1 cr, ZMA; [Buntok], Locality or not locality, Swale,

R., Cent. Borneo, G.C. Shortridge, 2 crcr, BMNH; Doeson- cr, BMNH; without locality, 3 cr cr, RMNH; without locality, landen, Wahnes, 1 cr, 1 9, BMNH; Long Bagun [Longban- v.d. Does de Bye, 1 9, RMNH; 'Cochin Chine and Sumatra', gun], 25 km S.E. ofLongboh, S. Mahakan, Kalimantan Timur, 1902, Beauvais, 1 cr, MNP; Oost Indie [East Indies], [illegible]

21.xii.1995, R. Sözer, 1 cr, ZMA; Samarinda,24.V.I909, C.A. 1910,Clei... [remainder illegible], 1 cr, ZMA.

Lorentz, 1 cr, ZMA; Tanjungisuy [Tanjungisui], Danau

Jempang, Kalimantan Timur, 16.V.1996, R. Sözer, 1 O", ZMA; Remarks. - In the original description it is stated Tiong Buu (= Nahabuan), 18 km N.W. ofLongkay [Long Kay], that the material is deposited in the Calcutta Mu- S. Mahakan, Kalimantan Timur, 15.iv.1996, R. Sözer, 1 cr, seum, but it is not indicated of how many speci- ZMA; Indonesia: Sumatra: Banka vend. [Bangka], xi.1885,

the series consists. to Vosmaer, 1 9, RMNH; Deli, L.P. de Bussy, 11 cr cr, 2 9 9 > mens type According

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Figs. 53-57. Dundubia jacoona (Distant, 1888), male: 53, right operculum in lateroventral view, Balik Papan; 54, head and pronotum

in dorsal view, Balik Papan; 55, pygofer in dorsal view, Indragiri; 56, right timbal covering, Balik Papan; 57, right katepimeral lobe,

Balik Papan.

from Moulton (1911a: 141) the type could not be found Borneo mentioned cannot have belonged to

in the Calcutta Museum. Later Moulton(1923: 90) the type series since D. jacoona was described

notes that two males from Johore and Borneo in from Johore only.

the BMNH are labelled as types. Both specimens D. jacoona has a distinct pattern of darker and

still remain there. There is no record or indication lighter parts on head and pronotum. In collection

that the material was transferred from Calcutta to specimens the darker parts are brownish to casta- the is doubtful this the dark ochraceous. BMNH, so it that specimen neous, lighter part greenish to

from Johore represents a syntype. The specimen In contrast to the other species of the D. jacoona

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and assemblage the paramedian fasciae are never narrow near anterior margin widening pos-

shorter than or black but at most darker brown than the remainder teriorly. Katepimeral lobe (Fig. 57)

basal dorsal almost of the mesonotum. as long as width; margin

straight to somewhat convex; apex rounded but

Description. - Body brownish with ochraceous or sometimes almost angular; ventral margin concave

head and then and greenish markings on lighter brownish near base, straight weakly convex near

dor- markings on pronotum; abdomen more casta- apex. Surface of katepimeral lobe concave on

underside often sal flat to half and neous; of body lighter. half, slightly convex on ventral

hairs Head (Fig. 54): Postclypeus brownish with densely covered with short hairs, on ventral

and somewhat of anteromedial spot area anterior of fronto- margin longer. Apex katepimeral

base clypeal suture ochraceous or greenish, in frontal lobe extending over of operculum.

but view with lighter brownish areas of variable size Tegmina and wings: Tegmina hyaline often

brown- somewhat with lateral of anteromedial spot. Anteclypeus brownish, especially distally, and a

reticulation visible ish with a lighter median fascia. Vertex ochra- more or less distinct brownish

but and lobes in distal veins of second ceous or greenish medially on vertex between veins part; basal brownish. Head otherwise brownish. Suture be- and third apical cells occasionally slightly infus- tween vertex lobe and supra-antennal plate con- cate; basal cell of tegmen partly or completely

anterior ochraceous. Veins cubital sisting of small depression near margins of tegmen brownish, of plates, depression merging only seldom with veins and first anal vein paler. Wings hyaline; longitudinal groove running along lateral part of veins brownish, medial vein paler.

and lateral Coloration rather variable. Fore frontoclypeal suture and between eye Legs: legs gen-

ill-defined ocellus. Frontoclypeal suture trapezoid with me- erally brownish; femora with lighter

than distance between and Mid ochra- dial part wider lateral mar- markings basally medially. legs somewhat darker dor- gins of lateral ocelli, sometimes corners between ceous to light brownish, lateral and medial parts rounded. Rostrum brown- sally; femora anteriorly with a preapical brown

either tibiae darker at base and tarsi brown- ish but darker near apex, just or just not spot; apex; reaching between hind coxae. ish. Hind legs ochraceous to brownish; femora

with brown Thorax: Maximum width of pronotum just ex- anteriorly and posteriorly a preapical

femur ceeding maximum width of head (Fig. 54). Pro- spot; tibiae narrowly darkened at base. Fore notal disc brown but usually ochraceous or green- with proximal and middle spines, rather broad and

small ish on broad medial area, anterior margin and me- pointed and ofequal length; distal spine very dial part of medial and lateral lobes; medial spot but distinct and somewhat pointed; gap between immediately in front of pronotal collar indistinctor middle and distal spines deep. absent. Pronotal collar (Fig. 54) either dark brown, often with almost imperceptible lateral spots, or Male. Operculum (Fig. 53): Long, reaching from

with of more ochraceous brown, sometimes greenish halfway sixth to slightly beyond anterior margin tinge and usually with darker lateral spots and oc- seventh abdominal segment, 2.4-2.7 times as long

maximum width distal of brown- casionally also brown spots posterior of lateral as constriction;

ish. Medial lobe of pronotal disc. Anterior corner of pronotal margin concave near base, convex collar rather broad and rounded, sometimes more from about one third of its length, straight or only angular; lateral tooth short and blunt; posterior slightly convex close to apex. Apex rather angu-

situated lateral of corner broad, laterally smoothly rounded, pos- larly rounded, tip longitudinal teriorly slightly angular. Mesonotum brownish to midline of operculum. Lateral margin concave at

timbal and somewhat castaneous, either unicolorous or with indistinct level of covering beyond,

constriction Constriction paramedian fasciae medial of mesonotal fissures distal of convex to apex. and with paler fasciae lateral of fissures; when disc at 0.3-0.4 of length of operculum, medial and lat- between paramedian fasciae lighter than remain- eral concavities about equally deep, broadest part der of disc then often median fascia present, very of operculum distal of constriction 1.3-1.5 times as

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and ob- wide as minimum width in constriction. Distance gular when distal margin more straight

between opercula at constrictions 1.2-1.4 times as lique.

minimum width in constric- Abdomen: times thatof and wide as of opercula Length 0.9-1.0 head

of brownish tion. Opercula at point of closest approximation thorax together. Dorsal part tergites to

separated for a distance of (0.4) 0.5-0.7 times castaneous; sternites and ventral parts of tergites

maximum width between opercula at constric- lighter. Posterior margins of tergites 3 and 4 with

tions. Surface of operculum distal of constriction very short dark spines but spines medially more

curved around abdomen at lateral of with margin, hardly sparse, posterior margins tergites 5-7

convex in longitudinal direction. spines along whole length, those on tergite 7

About head and thorax 8 with scattered Abdomen: as long as longer; posterior margin of tergite

together. Dorsal part of tergites brownish to spines medially. Tergites 4-6 with some scattered

and ventral of lateral 7 castaneous, sternites parts tergites spine-like setae near margin. Sternite with

lighter. Posterior margins oftergites 5-7 with short rounded posteromedial emargination of variable

dark spines, spines increasing in number and width and depth.

length from tergite 5 to 7. Timbal covering (Fig. Genitalia: Dorsal and ventral parts of pygofer

56) almost triangular, at base about or slightly concolorous with dorsal and ventral part of abdo-

wide medio- sheath dark brown. more than 1.25 times as as long; men; ovipositor castaneous

distal proximal corner with an acute angle; margin Dorsal margin of pygofer in lateral view slightly

laterodistal ventral the bit oblique and only weakly convex; cor- concave, margin just slightest con-

ner rounded; lateral margin almost straight to vex. Ovipositor sheath shorter than or reaching

somewhat convex. Sternite 7 shallowly emarginate just as far as caudodorsal beak; anal valve not

posteromedially. reaching further than either ovipositor sheath or

Genitalia (Figs. 51-52, 55): Ochraceous brown caudodorsal beak.

to brown; dorsal part of pygofer darker than ven-

= tral lat- in mm n — ce 33.0 -37.5 part; uncus usually more castaneous along Measurements ( o* : 7). Body length: :

(35.7 ± 1.8), 9 : 35.0-39.5 (36.9 ± 1.1) (n = 7); head width: Cf : eral margins of uncus lobes and on basal part. Ba- 12.1-13.8 (13.0 ± 0.6), Ç: 13.1-14.3 (13.6 ±0.4) (n=7); maxi- sal pygofer lobes in ventral view angularly mum pronotum width: cr: 12.2-13.9 (13.3 ±0.7), Q: 13.2-14.8 rounded 51). Basal of uncus semicircular (Fig. part = 41.0-49.0 (14.1 ± 0.6) (n 7); tegmen length: cr : (44.8 ± 2.4),

and with erect hairs bases and = globose some near 9:43.5-49.0 (47.2 ±1.5) (n 5).

of uncus lobes (Fig. 51). Uncus lobes rounded at

medial and distal margins and somewhat curved Distribution (Fig. 3). - The distribution of D.

inwards; lateral margins indented rather close to jacoona covers Borneo, Sumatra, and the southern

laterodistal corner, anterior corner of indentations part of the Malay Peninsula. The record from New

with a blunt tooth, posterior corner of indentations Guinea (Moulton, 1923) is doubtful and could not

U- rounded (Fig. 51); surface with a shallow, be confirmed.

around from shaped groove aedeagal opening

which shallow grooves are usually radiating (Fig. Dundubia comb. oopaga (Distant, 1881) n. 51); bases of lobes with some erect hairs. Maxi- (Figs. 4, 58-64) mum width of uncus lobes at laterodistal corners

less than width at bases. 1881: 1883: Cosmopsaltria oopaga Distant, 640; 171;

Atkinson, 1884: 227; 1886: 169; Distant, 1888: 295; 1889: 46, Female. Operculum brownish and somewhat paler 47; 1890: pi. V figs. 9-9b; 1892b: xii; Noualhier, 1896: 254; than anterior ante- sternites, just reaching beyond Noualhier & Martin, 1904: 179; Distant, 1906a: 97, fig. 45; rior margin of third abdominal segment, curved 1906b: 56; 1912b: 44; 1917a: 101; Kato, 1932b: 165; Metcalf,

1963a: Duffels & Van der 136. around abdomen laterally. Rather variable in 552; Laan, 1985:

Cosmopsaltria oopaqa [sic!]; Mitra & Muraleedharan, 1976: shape, lateral margin distal of lateroproximal lobe 139. convex; laterodistal corner somewhat angular, Orientopsaltria oopaga; Duffels, 1983: 9. produced further than mediodistal cor- posteriorly Cosmopsaltria andersoni Distant, 1883: 170 (n. syn.); mediodistal rounded but somewhat ner; corner an- Atkinson, 1886: 171; Distant, 1889: 46; 1890: pi. V figs. 6-6b;

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1892b: xii; *Horvath, 1898: 554; Distant, 1906a: 99; 1906b: lectotype er Cosmopsaltria andersoni Distant, BMNH; Moul-

56; Oshanin, 1906: 3; Kirkaldy, 1907: 306; Oshanin, 1908: mein, Hood, 1 cr, BMNH.

D. & E. 387; Distant, 1912b: 45; 1917a: 101; Moulton, 1923: 87, 90, Thailand: Chiangmai [Chiang Mai] X-51-136,

167; Kato, 1932b: 165, pi. XXV fig. 3; Metcalf, 1963a: 545. Thurman, 1 cr, USNM; Ban-tin-doi, Chiengmai [Chiang Mai], Gressitt, Malaise 1 BPBM; Na- Terpnosia andersoni; Wu, 1935: 17 (partim; erroneously 310m, 13.xi.1957,J.L. trap, o*,

andersoni and T. andersoni be the kom Phenom W.P. Morrison, considered D. to same spe- [Nakhon Phanom], 28.X.1971,

North Doi cies). black-light trap, 1 cr, MNP; Thailand, Suthep,

Orientopsaltria andersoni; Duffels, 1983: 9. ix. 1958, B. Degerbol, Pr. 1322 (1.7.59), 1 cr, UZMK; Payao

& E. 1 [Phayao] 8-31-51-90, D. Thurman, o\ USNM; Siam,

Not: 1961: 2 9 1792 1 Pachim Cosmopsaltria oopaga: Ishihara, 225, pi. fig. (= 1886, Pavie, 86, 9, BMNH; prov. [Prachin

1 South-east Platylomia sp.). Buri], J.M. Bel, 195-95, cr, MNP; Thailand,

Chanthaburi, foot ofKhao Soi Dao, 200 m, 12.xi.1969, R.J. van

Lectotype designation and synonymy. - D. oopaga was Beusekom, 1 cr, RMNH; S. Siam, H. Wey, 1 o\ BMNH; described from Burma without designation of a type specimen Sakarat [Ban Huai Sakae Rat], Plateau vanKhorat [Khorat Pla- and without indication of the number of involved. van Beusekom, 1 1 specimens teau], 400 m, 30.X.1969, R.J. cr, 9,

material No further notes about possible type were con- RMNH. sequently published. The only specimen representing the type Peninsular Malaysia: Kuala Lompat, Pahang, 30.i-l.ii.1993, series is male the BMNH the 1 1 collected in a deposited at bearing following Hanjani, 1 o\ UKMS; Penang, cr, 9, cop.,

with labels: 'Type' [printed on round label red margin], 17.xii.1948, H.T. Pagden & K.C. Cheang, BMNH; same data,

'Burmah' / Dist.' hand- [handwritten], 'oopaga [Distant's 5.ii. 1966, H.T. Pagden, 1 a, BMNH.

Coll. / This is writing], 'Distant 1911-383.' [printed]. specimen Indonesia, Sumatra: Sumatra, St. Pol-Lias 1082-80, 1 O",

Recommendation herewith designatedas lectotype (ICZN 73F) MNP. and is labelled Uncertain location: R. 1 BMNH accordingly. Indochina, Vitalis, O",

D. andersoni was likewise described without designation of

the of a type specimen and without indication of number speci-

Remarks. - is the of the D. D. oopaga only species mens involved. At the BMNH a male is deposited bearing the of jacoona assemblage with an extensive pattern following labels: 'Type' [printed on round label with red

black head and thorax and a margin], 'Mergui' [handwritten], 'andersoni / (type) Dist.' markings on (Fig. 61)

[Distant's handwriting], 'Distant Coll. / 1911-383.' [printed]. rostrum that extends beyond the hind coxae. The This specimen the only known specimen ofthe represents type male genitalia most resemble those of D. jacoona series and is herewith designated as lectotype (ICZN Recom- but differ in situated in- having a more posteriorly mendation 73F) and labelled accordingly. dentation in the lateral of the uncus lobe and andersoni have been considered margin D. oopaga D. always to

of and less developed basal lobes be separate species differing in body size, length opercula, strongly pygofer and rostrum. In most earlier publications (e.g. Distant, 1883, (Fig. 58). little material available for 1889, 1906a) very was comparing these species and the possibility of a variable species could not Description. - Body ochraceous to brownish, be investigated. Examination of larger numbers of specimens mesonotum sometimes more olivaceous; head, from different localities has shown now that the characters

and andersoni variable. The and mesonotum with black given to separate D. oopaga D. are pronotum markings. relative of the be more or less ochraceous length opercula appears to Head (Fig. 61): Postclypeus brown, correlated with body length: larger specimens have opercula anteromedial spot enclosed by U-shaped black extending less far along the abdomen. Since no differences in band which extends laterally towards eyes imme- could be D. and D. andersoni are the genitalia found, oopaga ventral of plates and vertex considered be diately supra-antennal to synonymous. lobes, postclypeus in ventral view either with or

- without dark median band Material examined. Vietnam: Chapa [Cha Pai], Tonkin, v- narrow from antero- vi. 1916, R.V. de Salvaza, 1 cr, BMNH; Cochin Chine, 1831, medial spot to clypeal suture. Anteclypeus dark- Delestre, 189 91, 1 cr, BMNH; same data, 188 91, 1 9, MNP; ened laterally, shape of markings and degree of Saigon [Ho Chi Minh], Swale, 1 9, BMNH; Sang-Be [Song variable. Vertex 61) ochraceous 1051 1 1 MNP. darkening (Fig. Be], 1878, Harmand, 78, cr, 9,

Cambodia: A. with diffuse black area be- Cambodge, 1 cr, MNP; Cambodge, 1886, spot enclosing ocelli,

2871 1 A. 2871 without Pavie, 86, cr, BMNH; Cambodge, 1886, Pavie, tween lateral ocelli and eyes either further

86, 2 ce o-, MNP. markings, with small isolated brown or black spots Laos: Vientiane, 22. ix. 1919,R.V. de Salvaza, 1 cr , BMNH; with or diffuse black spots extending onto vertex 23.x. 1 same data, 191, ce, BMNH. lobes. Head otherwise ochraceous to brownish. Burma: Burmah, lectotype cr Cosmopsaltria oopaga

Suture between vertex lobe and Distant, BMNH; Burmah, Hough, 1 9, BMNH; Mergui, supra-antennal

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58-59. Dundubia Nakom Phenom: and in ventral and uncusin Figs. oopaga (Distant, 1881), male, 58, pygofer uncus view; 59, pygofer

lateroventral view.

plate distinct and merged with longitudinal groove notum ochraceous, brown or olivaceous brown,

anterior half of running along lateral part of frontoclypeal suture median fascia darkened on disc;

and between eye and lateral ocellus. Frontoclypeal anterior half of disc with paramedian fasciae

fasciae of suture trapezoid, medial part wider than distance black, narrow near anterior margin between lateral margins of lateral ocelli. Rostrum mesonotum, widening towards middle and then

curved towards median ochraceous but darkened from posterior coxae on- and usually fusing with wards, long, only just not reaching halfway fascia, enclosing two light obconical spots; ante- sternite 2. rior margin laterally of paramedian fasciae often

Thorax: Pronotum (Fig. 61) distinctly broader with small triangular black markings; paramedian than fasciae half disc head. Pronotal disc ochraceous, central fas- on posterior of represented by ciae black and widened anteriorly; anterior oblique black spots immediately anterior of apices of ante- fissures black near anterior margin and near cen- rior arms of cruciform elevation; lateral fasciae not tral fasciae; posterior oblique fissures darkened, reaching anterior margin of mesonotum and often anterolateral corner of lateral lobe of pronotal disc interrupted about halfway. Katepimeral lobe (Fig.

collar with black. Pronotal (Fig. 61) ochraceous 64) generally narrow, longer than basal width; brown or black spots in middleoflateral part; ante- dorsal margin almost straight on basal half, then rior dark sometimes margin with some very short, thick, spiny convex; apex narrowly rounded but bristles and anterior corner with short blunt lateral slightly angular; ventral margin concave near base

rounded. and almost tooth, posterior corner smoothly Meso- straight on apical half; lobe narrowing

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60-64. Dundubia (Distant, male: 60, in lateroventral view, Nakom Phenom; 61, head and Figs. oopaga 1881), right operculum pronotum in dorsal view, Nakom Phenom;62, pygofer in dorsal view, Cambodge;63, right timbal covering, Nakom Phenom; 64, right katepimeral lobe, Nakom Phenom.

close to base. Surface of katepimeral lobe slightly tinct brownish reticulation between veins in distal

dorsal half covered with basal veins of and cells concave on and densely part; second third apical

hairs almost basal infus- short and waxy coating, hairs on margins imperceptibly infuscate; cell somewhat longer and interspersed with occasional cate. Veins of tegmen brownish, darker around long hairs. Apex of katepimeral lobe just extend- corial fold and at bases and apices of apical cells. ing over base of operculum. Wings hyaline; veins dark brownish but lighter on

Tegmina and wings: Tegmina hyaline, some- cubital veins and distal part of medial vein. times somewhat brownish distally and with indis- Legs: Fore legs ochraceous; trochanters bor-

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dered black anteriorly at bases of femora; femora Tergites 3-6 with brown spots along dorsolateral

with black Posterior of with anterodorsally small basal spot, margin. margins tergites 5-7

anteriorly and posteriorly with preapical black short dark spines, spines increasing in number and

somewhat in 5 7. Timbal spots that sometimes form a ring, anteroventrally length from tergite to

base times with darkened longitudinal stripe; tibiae anteriorly covering (Fig. 63) ochraceous, at 1.5 as

wide medial curved with dark longitudinal stripe which is absent near as long; margin sideways;

latero- base, posteriorly with dark longitudinal stripe that distal margin oblique, almost straight and

lateral widens apically and merges dorsally with anterior distal corner smoothly rounded, margin

tarsi dark Sternite 7 stripe, ventrally darkened near apex; straight or slightly convex. shallowly

brownish. Mid legs ochraceous; femora anteriorly emarginate posteromedially.

and either with or without an elongated preapical black Genitalia (Figs. 58-59, 62): Pygofer uncus

spot; tibiae with dark basal and apical rings, ochraceous, dorsal part ofpygofer and uncus often

posteriorly with dark longitudinal stripe on apical somewhat darker. Basal pygofer lobes distinct and

half; tarsi dark brownish. Hind legs ochraceous; rather angular, widely separated from lateral mar-

tibiae with black basal ring. Fore femur with proxi- gins of pygofer (Fig. 58); hairs on basal lobes

ventral Basal mal and middle spines of about equal length, slen- shorter than those on inner margin.

distal small but of uncus semicircular and derand sharply pointed; spine very part globose (Fig. 58)

between middle and distal and with some erect hairs near bases of uncus distinct and blunt; gap

spines deep. lobes. Uncus lobes at medial and distal margins

rounded and curved inwards; lateral margins in-

dented, anterior corner of indentations rather Male. Operculum (Fig. 60): Long, reaching from acutely angular, posterior corner of indentations

middle of sixth to almost posterior lobes just beyond rounded (Fig. 58); bases of uncus with some

of seventh 2.2-2.6 times as as margin tergite, long erect hairs, lateral hairs longer than those more

maximum width distal of constriction; ochraceous of medially. Width at laterodistal corners uncus with dark sometimes darker lateroproximal spot, lobes less than width at bases.

apically. Medial margin concave near base, con-

from about third of sometimes vex one its length,

less convex for short distances and then with Female. Operculum greenish or ochraceous to

slightly angular bends. Apex rounded to somewhat brownish and darker medially, just reaching be-

angularly rounded, tip lateral of longitudinal yond base to almost halfway sternite 3, curved

of midline of operculum. Lateral margin concave at around abdomen laterally. Lateral margin distal

but somewhat level of timbal covering and somewhat beyond, lateroproximal lobe straight convex

distal of constriction to near laterodistal laterodistal corner round- evenly convex apex. Con- corner;

striction at 0.2-0.3 of length of operculum, medial ed; distal margin convex but almost straight for a

broad- concavity less deep than lateral concavity, broad- short distance medially; mediodistal corner

of distal of short. est part operculum constriction 1.6-1.9 ly rounded; medial margin very times as wide as minimum width in constriction. Abdomen: About 0.9 times as long as head and

Distance between opercula at constrictions 1.4-1.7 thorax together. Dorsal part of tergites brownish,

minimum times as wide as width in constriction. posterior segments somewhat darker; sternites and

Opercula at point of closest approximation sepa- ventral parts of tergites lighter. Tergites 3-6(7)

3-6 rated for a distance of 0.3-0.5 times maximum near lateral margin with darker spots, tergites

width between opercula at constrictions. Surface with pairs of darker paramedian spots which are of operculum distal of constriction evenly convex. situated progressively more laterally on posterior

Abdomen:Length 1.1-1.3 times thatof head and tergites, meeting lateral spots on tergite 6. Poste- thorax together. Tergites and sternites ochraceous rior margins of tergites 3 and 4 with some short to brownish, anterior segments lighter ventrally. and slender dark spines except medially; posterior

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margins of tergites 5-7 with more numerous and Dundubia ayutthaya n. sp.

longer spines, especially on tergite 7; posterior (Figs. 4, 65-71)

margin of tergite 8 with scattered spines medially.

Material examined. - / Sriracha / S.E. Sternite 7 with an almost triangular posteromedial Holotype: 'Hoopbon nr Siara', 'Hugh Smith / coll 11-3-31', USNM. Paratypes: emargination which is rather variable in width, a", Thailand: Hoopbon nr. Sriracha [Hubbon nr. Siracha], S.E. posterior margin at site of emargination darkened. Siam, 11-3-31 [probably 3.xi.l931], H. Smith, 10cro\USNM; of almost Genitalia: Dorsal part tergite 9 cas- same data, 5 cr cr, ZMA; foot of Khao Soi Dao, Chanthaburi, ventral distal of ovi- taneous, part brownish; part Southeast Thailand, 200 m, 12.xi.1969, R.J. van Beusekom,

positor sheath brown to dark brown. Dorsal margin 1 cr, RMNH.

- Soi view ventral Other material examined. Thailand: Khao Dao, of pygofer in lateral slightly concave, 22.xi. 1987,M.G. Allen, 3 9 9, BMNH; same data, 1 9, ZMA. margin somewhat convex. Ovipositor sheath about

far of caudodorsal anal reaching as as apex beak, Remarks. - D. ayutthaya is closely related to D. valve slightly shorter. and This is clear from the jacoona D. oopaga. most

structure of the uncus lobes (compare Figs. 58 and

= - Measurements in mm ( Ç : n 3). Body length: cr : 31.5-38.5 On 65). first glance the more fully coloured speci- (34.6 ± 1.8) (n= 12), 9 : 33.0-34.5 (34.0 ± 0.6); head width: o-: mens of D. look like not coloured = ayutthaya fully 10.6-12.1 ( 11.4 ±0.4) (n 12), 9: 11.8-12.4 (12 ± 0.2); maxi-

of D. but are smaller and mum pronotum width: cr: 11.2-13.3 (12.3 ± 0.6) (n = 12), 9 : specimens oopaga they

be from the other 12.2-13.9 (12.8 ± 0.7); tegmen length: o": 36.5-42.5 (40.5 ± can most readily separated two

1.3) (n = 11 ), 9 : 41.5-43.0 (42.5 ± 0.7). species by the narrow katepimeral lobe (Fig. 71).

Distribution - in Indo-China - with (Fig. 4). Widespread Description. Small species narrow head;

and (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam), body olivaceous to ochraceous or ochraceous

also found the Peninsula and Sumatra. with- on Malay brown; pronotum and mesonotum virtually

This was also recorded from the Andaman species out markings or mesonotum with indistinct para-

and Nicobar Islands & median fasciae and/or brown (Mitra Muraleedharan, markings near poste-

1976), and Jiangsu and Anhui in China (Oshanin, rior margin.

but these records could 1906; Horvath, 1898*) not Head (Fig. 68): All parts ochraceous to ochra-

be The from Sumatra with confirmed. specimen repre- ceous brown, only frontoclypeal suture pair

the first record from this island. sents of narrow dark transverse stripes. Vertex lobesand

Metcalf (1963a) also lists India and the less than halfwidth Malay supra-antennal plates narrow,

Archipelago. He erred in citing India instead of of postclypeus. Suture between vertex lobe and

as Atkinson The almost Mergui locality given by (1886). supra-antennal plate distinct, reaching an- record from the ascribed to Malay Archipelago terior margin of vertex, continuing posteriorly be-

Moulton is the result of (1923) a misinterpretation. tween eye and lateral ocellus and with short branch

towards frontoclypeal suture. Frontoclypeal suture

- Biological notes. A label on a specimen collected trapezoid, medial part wider than distance between in Penang, Peninsular Malaysia (BMNH) de- lateral margins of lateral ocelli. Rostrum ochra- scribes darkened from the song as 'the most ear-piercing song, a ceous, narrowly posterior coxae cross between an electric bell and a steam whistle'. onwards, just reaching base of hind coxae.

This specimen bears the note that specimens of this Thorax: Pronotumwider than head, also at level species were observed on Lagerstroemia, Andira, of lateral teeth of pronotal collar (Fig. 68). Prono-

and and tal than Adinathera, Pterocarpus, specimens cop- disc ochraceous, just narrower head; me-

col- in front of ulating on Lagerstroemia floribunda were dial spot immediately pronotal collar lected (see Material examined above). The speci- distinct (Fig. 68). Pronotal collar ochraceous to

sit the trunks and branches and darkened mens high upon are partly olivaceous, slightly near antero- difficult The male from Huai Sakae lateral black to spot. Ban corner; posterior margin sometimes

Rat was collected in mixed dipterocarp forest. less distinct between posterior corners and medial

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65-66. Dundubia and in ventral and in lateroventral Figs. ayutthaya n. sp., male, holotype: 65, pygofer uncus view; 66, pygofer uncus

view.

part (as in Fig. 68); anterior margin broadly distal part; basal cell slightly yellowish infuscate.

rounded; lateral teeth broad and blunt. Mesonotum Veins of tegmen ochraceous, darker around corial

ochraceous to ochraceous brown, sometimes fold. Wings hyaline; veins ochraceous.

somewhat olivaceous; paramedian fasciae some- Legs: Ochraceous, tarsi slightly darker. Fore fe- times brownish and indistinct but usually absent; mur with middle spines triangular and pointed, just

sometimes indistinct brownish spots in postero- over half as long as proximal spine; distal spine lateral corners of disc and in front of anterior arms very small and blunt; gap between middle and of cruciform elevation. Katepimeral lobe (Fig. 71) distal spines shallow and broad. very narrow, more than twice as long as basal

dorsal Male. from width; margin concave at extreme base, Operculum (Fig. 67): Long, reaching then straight to convex; apex rounded and curved just not to middle ofsixth to just beyond middleof ventrad; ventral margin concave from base to seventh tergite, 2.4-2.8 times as long as maximum apex. Surface of katepimeral lobe concave on dor- width distal of constriction, ochraceous. Medial sal flat with short from about half, on ventral half and covered margin concave near base, convex one hairs and hairs ventral third of its situ- waxy coating, along margin length to apex. Apex rounded, tip

but towards of kate- ated lateral of midline of long shortening apex. Apex longitudinal operculum.

lobe base of Lateral pimeral just extending over oper- margin concave at level of timbal covering culum. and somewhat beyond; distal of constriction con-

and and with Tegmina wings: Tegmina hyaline vex to apex although sometimes almost straight at indistinct brownish reticulation between veins in about middle. Constriction at 0.3-0.4 of length of

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67-71. Dundubia in lateroventral head and in dorsal Figs. ayutthaya n. sp., male, holotype: 67, right operculum view; 68, pronotum

view; 69, pygofer in dorsal view; 70, right timbal covering; 71, right katepimeral lobe.

lateral than operculum, concavity much deeper brown spots along dorsolateral margin, those on medial concavity, broadest part of operculum tergites 3-5 almost forming a longitudinal band.

distal of constriction 1.6-1.9 times wide mini- Posterior of with short as as margin tergite 5 spines on mum width in constriction. Distance between medial part; posterior margins of tergites 6 and 7

constrictions 1.4-1.7 wide with opercula at times as as longer spines along posterior margin, spines

than those minimum width in constriction. Opercula at point on tergite 7 longer on tergite 6. Timbal of closest approximation separated for a distance covering (Fig. 70) ochraceous, more or less trian- of 0.4-0.5 times base 1.2-1.5 times wide maximum width between opercula gular, at as as long; at constrictions. Surface of operculum distal of medioproximal corner sharp; medial margin ob- constriction curved towards abdo- and mediodistal evenly convex, lique slightly convex; corner

at level of distal men constriction. broadly rounded; margin slightly convex;

Abdomen: 1.1-1.2 times head Length as long as laterodistal corner narrowly rounded, lateral mar- and thorax together. Tergites and sternites ochra- gin almost straight. Sternite 7 almost impercepti-

with ceous to ochraceous brown. Tergites 3-7 bly emarginate posteromedially.

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- is the ancient Genitalia (Figs. 65-66, 69): Pygofer and uncus Etymology. Ayutthaya name of an the in which ochraceous to brownish. Basal pygofer lobes well kingdom that also covered area D.

developed, broad and rounded (Fig. 65); hairs on ayutthaya now occurs.

ventral lobes shorter than those on inner margin.

of Distribution - D. has been Basal part uncus semicircular, only little glo- (Fig. 4). ayutthaya

hairs localities both in south-eastern bose (Fig. 65) and with numerous erect ex- found at two only,

the medial Thailand. cept on third, laterally placed hairs shorter than medially placed ones. Uncus lobes

(Figs. 65-66) at medial and distal margins round- Dundubia spiculata Noualhier, 1896 ed, medial margins divergent towards mediodistal 5, 72-78) corners and curved inwards; mediodistal corners (Figs.

lateral bases of rounded; margins as in D. oopaga; Dundubia spiculata Noualhier, 1896: 254; Noualhier & Martin, uncus lobes with a few erect hairs near lateral mar- 1904: 178, pi. XI figs. 3-4. gin. Width at laterodistal corners of uncus lobes Platylomia spiculata; Distant, 1906b: 61; 1912b: 49; Moulton, much less than width at bases. 1923: 89; Metcalf, 1963b: 625.

Dundubia siamensis Haupt, 1918: 82, fig. 1 (n. syn.); Metcalf,

1963a: 534; Overmeer & Duffels, 1967: 32, 33, 56; Duffels & Female. Operculum oehraceous, reaching from Van der Laan, 1985: 118. sternite curved one third to about halfway 3, Cosmopsaltria hastata Moulton, 1923: 69, 87, 88, 167, figs. 5-5b around abdomen laterally. Lateral margin distal of (partim: Indo-China and Malay Peninsula) (n. syn.); Metcalf,

lateroproximal lobe first convex but more or less 1963a: 549 (partim: Indo-China and Malay Peninsula). Orientopsaltria hastata; Duffels, 1983: 9 straight on distal half; laterodistal corner angular;

from laterodistal mediodistal margin corner to cor- Not: Cosmopsaltria hastata; Moulton, 1923: 89 (partim: North ner rounded. Khasi Hills and Assam); Metcalf, 1963a: 549 (partim: Assam) shorter than head and thorax Abdomen: Slightly (see D. laterocurvata).

Dorsal together. part of tergites from ochraceous

Lectotype designations and - D. spiculata was on tergite 2 to brownish on tergite 7, sternites and synonymy.

described on the basis of four males from Cambodia but no ventral parts of tergites ochraceous. Tergites 3-7 holotype was designated. All four specimens were deposited in with brownish lateral a little in spots, increasing condition the two la- the MNP, are in good and bear following size from 3 7. Posterior and intensity tergite to bels: 'Museum Paris / Cambodge / Pavie 1886' [printed] and

of '2872 / 86' on the reverse side a round yellow margins of tergites 4-7 with short spines along pos- [handwritten Two bear additional handwritten label those lateral label]. specimens an terior margins, on tergite 4 only on 'Dundubia / spiculata Nlh. / Type B.M.N.H P. 18%'. The third part and more slender than on other tergites. specimen bears two additional labels 'Dundubia / spiculata / Sternite 7 with rounded a posteromedial emargina- the Type Nlh' with 'Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. / Par. 1896' on reverse tion of variable width. [handwritten] and 'Type repertorie' [printed]. The fourth speci-

Nlh.' Genitalia: Pygofer brownish, slightly paler men bears three more labels: 'Cosmopsaltria / spiculata /

[handwritten], 'holotype' [printed on red paper], and 'Type ventrally; distal part of ovipositor sheath brown- repertorie' [printed]. The holotype label and printed labels in lateral view ish. Dorsal margin of pygofer con- 'Type repertorie' are apparently of later date than the other la- cave near base of caudodorsal beak and ventral bels and are not considered to be a valid lectotype designation.

sheath and margin somewhat convex. Ovipositor The fourth specimen is here designatedas the lectotype and the

other three labelled anal far half to two thirds specimens are accordingly as paralecto- valve reaching as as way of types. apex of caudodorsal beak. D. hastatai was described on the basis ofmaterial from Thai-

and land and Peninsular Malaysia and the types (one male one

= = Measurements in mm n n - (o*: 7; 9 : 4). Body length: cc: female)were deposited in the BMNH. The male bears the labels 27.5-30.5 (29.2 ± 0.8), 9 : 26.0-28.5 (27.3 ± 1.0); head width: 'Type' [printed in red circle], 'Terutau I. / W. Coast Siam' - o-: 8.5-9.0 (8.8 ± 0.1), 9: 8.7-9.4 (9.1 ± 0.3); maximum [handwritten], 'Pres. Raffles Mus. / Singapore / Brit. Mus. pronotum width: cr: 9.2-9.8 (9.6 ± 0.1), 9 : 9.6-10.5 (10.1 ± 1922-302' [printed], 'Cosmopsaltria hastata Moulton / Type cr

female is 0.4); tegmen length: CT: 29.5-32.5 (31.6. ± 0.8), 9: 31.5-35.0 / m.s. description 19.10.21 J.C.M.' [handwritten]. The

labelled in it is marked (33.0 ± 1.5). the same way except for the fact that as

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'Type 9' on the last label and that it bears two handwritten 13.xi. 1957, J.L. Gressitt, Malaise trap, 1 cr, BPBM; same data,

labels '15'. The male is herewith designated as the lectotype 1000 ft, H.G. Deignan, 1 cr, USNM; Doi Musae, I cr, 1 Ç,

and the female as paralectotype. The other material mentioned RMNH; Doi Suthep, North Thailand, ix.1958, B. Degerbol, Pr.

and Doi Northern in the description from the type locality Tanjong Hantu in 1314 (1.7.59), 1 cr, UZMK; Suthep, Chiang Mai,

Peninsular Malaysia and supposedly deposited in the Federal Thailand, 1100 m, 11 .ix. 1988, M.G. Allen, 1 cr, SEM; same

States Museum Kuala and Raffles Mu- Horticultural 7 km Malay (FMS; Lumpur) data, 2 cr cr, ZMA; Experimental Station,

not seum (Singapore) could be examined. It should be noted, north-west ofFang, 30.x-2.xi. 1979,Expedition Zoological Mu-

however, that in 1955 the whole collection ofthe Wildlife Sanc- entomological seum Copenhagen, 1 cr, UZMK; Phu Luang

was transferred to the BMNH. Nevertheless, the other Karsholt, FMS spe- tuary, Loei Province, 1400-1500 m, 10-12.X.1984,

cimens in the FMS collection were found in the Lomholdt & 8-31-51- supposedly not Nielsen, 1 cr, UZMK; Payao [Phayao]

BMNH. Moulton D. hastata 'is 2 According to (1923: 89) 90, D. & E. Thurman, 1 cr, USNM; Siam, W.R.S. Ladell,

similar Noualhier which perhaps most to Platylomia spiculata O" cr, BMNH; Terutau I. [Ko Tarutao], W. coast of Siam, cr

but Since this has similarly "spear-head" narrower opercula.' lectotype and 1 9 paralectotype Cosmopsaltria hastata Moul-

character of the shows considerable of opercula a amount ton, BMNH; Thale Ban National Park, Satun province, 6°42'N

variation and differences could be found in the of no genitalia 100°10'E, 22-24.X.1991, O. Martin, 1 9, UZMK.

to D. spiculata and D. hastata these species are considered be Peninsular Malaysia: Hutan Wong Kelian, Perlis, 15-

synonymous. 20.x. 1990,Zaidi & Ruslan, 1 oUKMS.

D. siamensis was described on the basis of one male from Exact location unknown: 1 cr, BMNH; Indes Orientales,

northern Thailand. the it was According to description Mniszech, 110 59, I o", MNP; Indochina, R. Vitalis, 1 o* ,

in the NLHD. it could be located in that deposited However, not BMNH.

collection and is presumed to be lost (see Overmeer & Duffels,

1967). The description and illustration given by Haupt (1918)

Remarks. - D. spiculata is an ochraceous to green- are clear enough to place D. siamensis close to D. spiculata. of which the of Since no other related species with acutely pointed opercula is ish species only posterior margin

known besides D. spiculata, it is assumed that D. spiculata and the pronotal collar is black and the paramedian fas-

D. siamensis are synonymous. ciae on the mesonotum are dark brown or black.

The most striking character is the shape of the Material examined. - Vietnam: Baria [Ba Ria], Cochin Chine, male which is at the operculum pointed apex (Fig. 1910, Vauthier, 1 O", MNP; Blao [Balao or Bao Loc], 500 m, In the male the lobes 14-21.x. 1960, C.M. Yashimoto, 3 o* o*, BPBM; same data, 2 74). genitalia uncus are

Di 27.ix-14.x. 4 crcr, ZMA; Linh, 1960, C.M. Yashimoto, rounded distally and shallowly emarginate later- 2 27.ix- O'er, BPBM; same data, o*Cf, ZMA; same data, basal lobes little swollen and ally, the pygofer are 14.x. 1960, light trap, 3 o" cr, BPBM; 17 km S. ofDi Linh, 1300 hardly developed (Fig. 72). m, 6-13.x.1960, C.M. Yashimoto, 1 O", 1 Q, BPBM; Sang-Be

[Song Be], 1878, Harmand, 1051 78, 1 a, 1 9, MNP.

Cambodia: Cambodge, 1885, A. Pavie, 1 cr, BMNH; Description. - Body greenish to ochraceous, para- Cambodge, 1886, Pavie, 2872 86, o* lectotype and 3 cr cr median fasciae on mesonotum dark. Fresh and paralectotypes Dundubia spiculata, MNP. rather well-prepared specimens are probably green Laos: Ban Van Eue, Vientiane Province, 1965, native col-

1 than ochraceous. lector, 1 cr, BPBM; same data, 30.ii. 1965, cr, BPBM; same

data,30.xi.1965, J.L. Gressitt, Malaise trap, 1 cr, BPBM; same Head (Fig. 75): Postclypeus unicolorous ochra- data, data, 15.iii. 1966, native collector, 1 9, BPBM; same brownish of ceous. Anteclypeus laterally, shape

16.iii. 1966, J. Rondon, 1 9, BPBM; same data, 15.viii. 1966, markings variable. Vertex ochraceous or slightly native 19 15.viii. collector, crcr, BPBM; same data, 1966, anterior ocellus sometimes with greenish, narrow native collector, 2 cr cr, ZMA; Laos, 1884, Neis, 1 cr, BMNH;

dark border and suture darkened. LuangPrabang, ix. 1917,R.V. de Salvaza, 1 O", BMNH; Muong frontoclypeal

Va [Muang Va], 4.xi. 1918, R.V. de Salvaza, 1 cr, BMNH; Pak Head otherwise ochraceous to ochraceous brown.

Hang [Pakhang], Khane R. [river Khan], 28.ix.1918, R.V. de Suture between vertex lobe and supra-antennal Salvaza, 1 cr, BMNH; Pak Neun [Ban Pakneun], Luang plate consisting of a small rounded depression near 1 Prabang, 28.ix. 1918, R.V. de Salvaza, cr, BMNH; same data, anterior of seldom 1.x. 4 margins plates, depression only 1918, crcr, BMNH; Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province, with the 6.XÜ.1965, native collector, 1 cr, BPBM; same data, 15.ix. merging longitudinal groove running

1966, 5 crcr, BPBM; same data, 15.ix. 1966, 2 crcr, ZMA; along lateral part of frontoclypeal suture and be- 12.xi. same data, xi.1966,1 cr, BPBM; same data, 1966, 2 cr cr, ocellus. tween eye and lateral Frontoclypeal suture BPBM; same data, 13.xii. 1966, 6 cr cr, BPBM; Thadeua semicircular but almost straight medially. Rostrum [Muang Thadua],2.X.1918, R.V. de Salvaza, 3 cr cr, BMNH. ochraceous but darkened at be- Burma: Lr 1 BMNH. apex, just reaching Moulmein, [Lower] Burma, Hood, cr, bases of Thailand: Ban-tin-doi, Chiengmai [Chiang Mai], 310 m, tween posterior coxae.

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Figs. 72-73. Dundubia spiculata Noualhier, 1896,male, Doi Suthep: 72, pygofer and uncus in ventral view; 73, pygofer and uncus in

lateroventral view.

Thorax: Pronotum distinctly broader than head apex almost angularly rounded; ventral margin

basal half and somewhat (Fig. 75). Pronotal disc ochraceous, often narrowly concave on convex on

to broadly greenish medially; medial spot immedi- apical half. Surface of katepimeral lobe rather

dorsal half and ately in front of pronotal collar distinct (Fig. 75). strongly concave on densely cov- hairs Pronotal collar ochraceous or extensively green- ered with short hairs and waxy coating, on

about twice and ish, especially on posterior part, no lateral spots margins as long interspersed with

lobe present (Fig. 75); anterior margin with some very many even longer hairs. Apex of katepimeral

base of short, thick, dark spiny bristles, tooth on lateral just not reaching operculum or extending

margin sometimes reduced and margin there just over base.

and but almost rounded (Fig. 75), posterior corner Tegmina wings: Tegmina hyaline some-

smoothly rounded. Mesonotum ochraceous or times somewhat brownish distally and with indis-

fasciae blackish tinct brownish reticulation veins in distal light brown, paramedian narrow, between

or of brown ochra- dark brown, pairs spots may be part; basal cell infuscate. Veins of tegmen

of of darker present in front lateral arms cruciform eleva- ceous brown, posteriorly. Wings hyaline; tion and on posterolateral corners of mesonotal veins ochraceous brown to brown.

disc. Katepimeral lobe (Fig. 78) about as long as Legs: Fore legs largely ochraceous; femora with basal of femo- width, little narrowed on basal halfand more darkened posteroventral stripe just dorsal or less triangular; dorsal margin weakly convex; ral spines; tibiae somewhat darkened apically and

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Figs. 74-78. Dundubia spiculata Noualhier, 1896, male: 74, right operculum in lateroventral view, Doi Suthep; 75, head and pronotum

in dorsal view, Doi Suthep; 76, pygofer in dorsal view, Indes Orientales; 77, right timbal covering, Doi Suthep; 78, right katepimeral

lobe, Doi Suthep.

often also ventrally; tarsi brownish. Mid legs just beyond anterior margin of sixth abdominal ochraceous; tibiae darker apically and sometimes segment to just beyond anterior margin of seventh also ventrally; tarsi brownish. Hind legs ochra- abdominal segment, 2.4-2.8 times as long as maxi-

width distal of ochra- ceous to greenish; tibiae little darkened near apex mum constriction; largely and tibial spines brownish with dark apex; tarsi lit- ceous but greenish to varying extent. Medial mar-

distal of tle darkened. Fore femur with middle spine shorter gin concave near base, smoothly convex than constriction proximal spine and pointed; distal spine very but slightly straightening close to small and somewhat pointed; gap between middle apex. Apex bluntly pointed, almost in line with lat-

eral Lateral of and distal spines rather deep. margin. margin concave at level

timbal covering and a short distance beyond, distal

Male. from of constriction and Operculum (Fig. 74): Long, reaching only weakly convex near apex

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often increas- Abdomen: 0.9-1.0 times thatof headand often even somewhat concave, thus Length

of Constriction thorax Dorsal of ing impression apex being pointed. together. part tergites ochraceous,

medial and ventral at 0.3-0.4 of length of operculum, concav- sternites parts of tergites paler.

broad- ity slightly less deep than lateral concavity, Tergites 4-7 with darker lateral spots less distinct

of distal constriction 1.5-1.6 Posterior 4 and est part operculum of than in male. margins of tergites 5

wide width in constriction. times as as minimum with few short dark very spines laterally; posterior

Distance between opercula at constrictions 1.4-1.6 margins of tergites 6 and 7 with spines along

in constriction. times as wide as minimum width whole length, those on tergite 7 longer; posterior

Opercula at point of closest approximation sepa- margin of tergite 8 with scattered spines medially.

for distance of 0.5-0.6 times maxi- rated a (0.3) Sternite 7 with almost triangular posteromedial

mum width between opercula constrictions. Sur- emargination. of distal of constriction almost face operculum en- Genitalia: Very similar to those of D. oopaga in

curved around abdomen lateral tirely flat, at mar- structure. Dorsal part of pygofer almost brownish,

in gin, hardly convex longitudinal direction. ventral part ochraceous; distal part of ovipositor

1.1-1.2 times that of headand Abdomen: Length sheath brownish. Dorsal margin of pygofer in lat-

thorax together. and sternites ochraceous eral view ventral Tergites slightly concave, margin some-

to brown, anterior lighter ochraceous segments what convex. Ovipositor sheath not or just reach-

sometimes darker. far of caudodorsal anal valve ventrally, posterior segments ing as as apex beak, lateral Tergites 3-7 with dark spots along margin. only slightly shorter. Posterior margin of tergite 6 with short dark spines

of 7 with = = posterior margin tergite spines - laterally, Measurements in mm ( cr : n 7; Ç : n 5). Body length: O" : whole Timbal along length. covering (Fig. 77) 33.0-36.5 (35.1 ± 1.1), 9 : 32.0-38.0 (33.6 ± 1.9); head width:

base 1.5 times wide 10.7-11.6 ±0.3), 9: 10.5-13.0(11.4± 0.6); maximum ochraceous, at as as long; me- O": (11.3

pronotum width: a: 11.8-13.0 ( 12.5 ± 0.4), 9: 12.3-14.3(12.8 dial margin curved sideways; distal margin con- ± 0.6); tegmen length: cr : 41.0-43.0 (42.2 ± 0.8), 9:40.5-47.0 laterodistal lateral vex; corner smoothly rounded; (42.6 ± 1.9). margin slightly convex. Sternite 7 shallowly

emarginate posteromedially. Distribution (Fig. 5). - D. spiculata is widespread Genitalia (Figs. 72-73, 76): Pygofer and uncus in Indo-China (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, ochraceous to ochraceous brown. Basal pygofer and Vietnam) and is also found on the Malay Pen- lobes slightly angular (Fig. 72) to almost com- insula. Basal of semicircular pletely reduced. part uncus Some of the old records in the literature be may and globose (Fig. 72) and with some thick erect unreliable because of the close resemblance be- hairs on anterior surface and some long pale hairs tween D. spiculata, D. laterocurvata, and D. sin- near bases of uncus lobes. Uncus lobes (Figs. 72- byudaw. The records of D. hastata from India 73) at medial and distal margins rounded, medial (Moulton, 1923) probably refer to D. latero- margin curved inwards; lateral margins emargi- curvata. The record from the Malay Archipelago nate, laterodistal corners rounded; bases of uncus is of data in (Metcalf, 1963a) a misinterpretation lobes with some thick erect hairs. Width at latero- Moulton (1923). distal corners of uncus lobes slightly less than width at bases.

Dundubia laterocurvata n. sp. Female. Operculum ochraceous and not reaching (Figs. 5, 79-85) beyond halfway sternite 3, curved around abdo- men laterally. Lateral margin distal of latero-

Dundubia mannifera (nec Walker) var. a; Distant, 1889: 39 laterodistal proximal lobe convex; corner angu- (partim: North Khasi Hills); 1892b: xi (partim: India). larly rounded; posterior margin almost straight; Cosmopsaltria hastata Moulton, 1923: 69, 87, 88, 167 (partim: mediodistal corner medial mar- broadly rounded, North Khasi Hills and Assam); Metcalf, 1963a: 549 (partim: gin short. Assam).

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male, 79, and uncus in ventral view; 80, and uncus in Figs. 79-80. Dundubia laterocurvata n. sp., paratype Mogauag: pygofer pygofer lateroventral view.

Material examined. - Holotype: 'Mogauag/ Burma ix. 15.1944 and angularly rounded instead of pointed at the

/ Cpt. L.C. Kuitert, O", SEM. Paratypes: Burma: Mogauag apex. [typographical error for Mogaung], 15.ix.1944, L.C. Kuitert,

10.ix. 6 cr cr, SEM; same data, 3aa, ZMA; Myitkyina, 1944,

Description. - Body ochraceous, often tinged G.W. Miller, 1 cr, SEM; Myitkyina, 10.x. 1944, L.C. Kuitert, collar and 2 cr cr, SEM; India: Assam, 2 cr cr, BMNH; same data, 1 cr, green, especially pronotal opercula.

ZMA; Darjiling District, c 2000 ft, 'rains' 1912, Bemet, 1 cr, Fresh and well-prepared specimens are probably

BMNH; Dilkoosha, Assam, 1 cr, BMNH; Nazeerah [Nazira], green rather than ochraceous. North Assam, Foster, 1 cr, BMNH; North India, 1 cr, BMNH; Head (Fig. 82): As in D. spiculata but ante- Khasia [Khasi Hills], 1 cr, ZMA; Sikkim, E. Himalayas, less darkened laterally. Frontoclypeal Knyvett, 1 Ç , BMNH; Sonapur, Assam, L.W. Middleton, 1 cr, clypeus ZMA. suture trapezoid. Suture between vertex lobe and

Other material examined. - India: H. Sikkim, iii-iv, Fruhstorfer, supra-antennal plate consisting of small rounded 2 9 9, NHMW. depression near anterior margins of plates, depres- Exact location unknown: India Orientalis, 1 1 [Fry?], cr, 9 , sion being connected shallow groove BMNH. usually by with lateral longitudinal groove running along part

of and between and lat- - resembles frontoclypeal suture Remarks. D. laterocurvata very much eye

the eral ocellus. D. spiculata in size and general appearance. In

Pronotum broader than head male genitalia the uncus lobes are bent sideways Thorax: distinctly Pronotal disc and collar and their medial margins are divergent (Fig. 79). (Fig. 82). pronotal (Fig.

The basal lobes and in D. anterior of of the pygofer are projecting 82) as spiculata, margin pronotal rounded This be collar with short Meso- (Fig. 79). species can most easily numerous spiny bristles.

in separated from D. spiculata by the shape of the notum as D. spiculata. Katepimeral lobe (Fig. male operculum (Fig. 81), which is always broad 85) about as long as basal width and generally

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81-85. Dundubia laterocurvata male: in lateroventral head and Figs. n. sp., 81, right operculum view, paratype Mogauag; 82,

pronotum in dorsal view, paratype Mogauag; 83, pygofer in dorsal view, paratype North India; 84, right timbal covering, paratype

Mogauag; 85, right katepimeral lobe, paratype Mogauag.

of brown. veins brown. broad; dorsal margin weakly convex although tegmen Wings hyaline;

sometimes weakly concave near base; apex Legs: Ochraceous to brownish, pattern of dark-

often ventral in D. but somewhat weaker. rounded, slightly angularly rounded; ening as spiculata

and margin concave on basal half straight to some- Fore femur with middle spine pointed, shorter than

what convex on apical half. Surface ofkatepimeral proximal spine; distal spine very small and blunt;

lobe concave on dorsal half and between middle and distal shallow. weakly densely gap spines

covered with short hairs and waxy coating, hairs

about twice on margins as long but even longer Male. Operculum (Fig. 81): Long, almost reaching near base. Apex ofkatepimeral lobe just extending middle of sixth to almost base of seventh abdomi- over base of operculum. nal segment, 2.1-2.3 times as long as maximum

Tegmina and wings: Tegmina hyaline, as in D. width distal of constriction; ochraceous to brown, spiculata but without any trace of infuscation at often extensively greenish. Medial and lateral basal veins of second and third cells. Veins D. but apical margins as in spiculata convex parts more

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broader. with whole strongly convex and operculum Apex an- spines along length; posterior margin gular but not pointed, almost in line with lateral oftergite 8 with scattered spines medially. Sternite

with rounded margin. Constriction at 0.3-0.4 of length of oper- 7 posteromedial emargination.

broadest of distal Genitalia: ochraceous culum, part operculum of con- Pygofer brown, slightly

minimum width darker sheath striction 1.5-1.8 times as wide as dorsally; distal part of ovipositor in constriction. Distance between opercula at con- castaneous. Dorsal margin of pygofer in lateral

wide minimum width ventral strictions 1.3-1.6 times as as view slightly concave, margin weakly con-

far in constriction. Opercula at point of closest ap- vex. Ovipositor sheath reaching about as as

for 0.4-0.6 valve proximation separated a distance of caudodorsal beak or slightly shorter; anal not

far sheath and caudo- times maximum width between opercula at con- reaching as as ovipositor strictions. Surface ofapical part of operculum only dorsal beak.

distinct lateral weakly convex, most near margin,

= - 35.0-38.0 lateral margin of opercula close to abdomen. Measurements in mm (9 : n 2). Body length: cr:

= 34.0-34.5 ± head width: Abdomen: About times head and (36.8 ± 1.0) (n 5), 9 : (34.3 0.3); cr: 1.1 as long as 11.0-11.8 (11.5 ± 0.3) (n = 5), 9: 11.7-12.1 (11.9 ± 0.2); maxi- thorax together. Tergites and sternites ochraceous ± = mum pronotum width: cr: 12.1-13.2 (12.8 0.4) (n 5), Q : to castaneous brown, anterior segments lighter 13.5-13.6 (13.6 ± 0.1); tegmen length: cr: 42.0-45.5 (44.4 ± and ventrally. Markings spines along posterior 1.2) (n = 4), 9 : 44.5-45.0 (44.7 ± 0.3). margins of tergites as in D. spiculata. Timbal cov-

in D. but medial - of this ering (Fig. 84) as spiculata margin Etymology. The name species is derived longer. Sternite 7 emarginate posteromedially, from the specific shape of the uncus lobes which with sinuous transverse at two thirds from bent a groove are sideways.

often darkened its base, near transverse groove

and Distribution - laterocurvata has the on posterior margin. (Fig. 5). D.

in D. Genitalia (Figs. 79-80, 83): Colour as most northerly distributionof the species in the D. spiculata. Basal pygofer lobes pronounced, swol- jacoona assemblage. It has been found in northern len and rounded Basal of uncus India and northern that (Figs. 79-80). part Burma. It seems very likely

and as in D. spiculata. Uncus lobes (Fig. 79) large Indian (and Bengalese) records of D. vaginata turned medial curved D. D. sideways, margin inwards; [also as mannifera (Linnaeus, 1754) and

with thick hairs. in bases of uncus lobes some erect mannifera var. terpsichore; see references Met-

Width at laterodistal corners of uncus lobes about calf, 1963a] all belong to this species, although it

than that records equal to or greater width at bases. could be possible more eastern (close

to Burma) refer to D. sinbyudaw. Female. Operculum ochraceous brown, reaching from base to about one third of third abdominal

curved around abdomen Lat- segment, laterally. Dundubia sinbyudaw n. sp. eral margin distal of lateroproximal lobe straight (Figs. 5, 86-91) with rounded bend about halfway; laterodistal cor-

distal - ner angularly rounded; margin slightly con- Material examined. Holotype: 'Myitkyina Burma /

10.1945 / L. C. SEM. Thailand: III. Kuitert', cr, Paratypes: vex; mediodistal corner broadly rounded. Khow Sai Dow [Khao Soi Dao], Trong, Lower Siatn, 1000 ft, Abdomen:Length 0.8-0.9 times that of head and W.L. 1 1 Khao Abbott, cr, USNM; same data, cr, ZMA; Sabap thorax together. Dorsal part of tergites brown, [Khao Sa BapJ, Chantaboon [Chantaburi], 1936, J. Macbeth, 1 sternites and ventral of little parts tergites only cr, ZMA; Khao Yai National Park, 1200 m, 7.Ü.1986, M.G.

lateral lighter. Tergites 4-7 with brownish spots. Allen, 2 cr cr, BMNH; same data, 6,ii. 1988, 1 cr, ZMA; Lomlo

Mt. Lorn R.E. 2 cr Posterior margins of tergite 4 and 5 with few scat- [Phu Lo], 15.xi. 1955, Elbel, cr, USNM; Nan,

27.i. 1928, T.D.A. Cockerell, 1 cr, USNM; same data, 29.i. tered spine-like setae laterally, spines more nu- 1928, 1 cr, USNM; Burma: Myitkyina, lO.iii. 1945, L.C. of merous on tergite 5, posterior margin tergite 6 Kuitert, 2 cr cr, SEM; Laos: Ban Nahan, French Laos, J.F. with short dark that almost scattered spines are Hoi French Godfrey, 1 cr, BMNH; Kun Yuang, Laos, J.F. 7 wanting medially, posterior margin of tergite Godfrey, 1 cr, BMNH; Na Toong, French Laos, J.F. Godfrey,

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86-87. Dundubia and in ventral and in Figs. sinbyudaw n. sp., male, paratype Myitkyina: 86, pygofer uncus view; 87, pygofer uncus

lateroventral view.

1 o\ BMNH; Vientiane,Vientiane Province, 1 l.ii.1966, native Fresh and well-prepared specimens are probably

collector, 1 o\ BPBM. rather than ochraceous. green

Other material examined. - No 1 1 locality given: cr, 9 [with Head: Postclypeus ochraceous, anterodorsally identical acquisition number], BMNH. somewhat darker. Anteclypeus unicolorous ochra-

ceous to greenish. Vertex ochraceous, vertex lobes Remarks. - much resembles D. sinbyudaw very D. and supra-antennal plates somewhat darker ante- in size and The spiculata general appearance. riorly. Head otherwise ochraceous. Vertex lobes uncus lobes narrowed towards the rounded are Suture between lobe and narrow. vertex supra- Thebasal lobes apex (Fig. 86). pygofer are pointed of that antennal plate consisting a narrow groove The basal lobes of the (Figs. 86-87). pygofer are merges with longitudinal groove running along lat-

and rounded. This can be projecting species most of and between eral part frontoclypeal suture eye easily separated from D. spiculata by the shape of and lateral ocellus. Frontoclypeal suture semicir- the operculum (Fig. 88), which is broader and cular, but slightly angular between medial and lat-

rounded at the apex. The description of the female eral parts, medial part as wide as distance between is based on a single specimen of uncertain origin medial margins of lateral ocelli.

that was associated with a male bearing the same head. Thorax: Pronotum distinctly broader than labels. Pronotal disc and pronotal collar as in D. spiculata,

of but medial spot immediately in front pronotal

Description. — Body ochraceous, often tinged collar indistinct or absent. Short spiny bristles

collar anterior Mesono- green, especially pronotal and opercula. on margin apparently absent.

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88-91. Dundubia male: Figs. sinbyudaw n. sp., 88, right

operculum in lateroventral view, paratype Myitkyina; 89,

pygofer in dorsal view, paratype Nan; 90, right timbal covering,

paratype Myitkyina; 91, right katepimeral lobe, paratype

Myitkyina.

turn fasciae narrow and ochraceous but darker and ochraceous, paramedian slightly distally pos- brownish to vestigial, occasionally anterior margin teriorly. Wings hyaline; veins ochraceous but with small brownish marks lateral of paramedian slightly darker distally and posteriorly. fissures. Katepimeral lobe (Fig. 91) shorter than or Legs: Ochraceous to ochraceous brown, only as as basal width and not dorsal tarsi somewhat darkened. femur with long very broad; Fore middle

almost margin straight; apex rounded; ventral mar- spine smaller and more blunt than proximal spine;

concave on basal half and to somewhat distal small and blunt gin straight spine very or absent, if

half. convex on apical Surface of katepimeral lobe present gap between middle and distal spines shal- weakly concave on dorsal half and densely cov- low. ered with short hairs and and with waxy coating

hairs many long near margins. Apex of katepi- Male. Operculum (Fig. 88): Long, reaching from meral lobe just extending over base of operculum. just beyond anterior margin of sixth to halfway

and Tegmina wings: Tegmina hyaline, often seventh abdominal segment, 2.0-2.3 times as long with indistinct brownish reticulation between as maximum width distal of constriction; ochra- veins in distal basal cell veins but part; infuscate; ceous extensively greenish near apex. Medial

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from about margin concave near base, smoothly convex Female. Operculum pale green, reaching third abdominal curved around about one thirdof its length to apex. Apex broadly halfway segment,

somewhat lateral of abdomen Lateral distal of rounded, extreme tip on or laterally. margin laterodistal longitudinal midline of operculum. Lateral margin lateroproximal lobe smoothly convex;

corner distal concave at level oftimbal covering and a short dis- rounded; margin slightly convex;

of constric- mediodistal corner rounded. tance beyond, smoothly convex distal broadly

Abdomen: About 0.9 times as long as head and tion. Constriction at 0.3-0.4 of length of oper-

thorax Dorsal of culum, medial concavity slightly less deep than together. part tergites ochraceous;

sternites and ventral of lateral concavity, broadest part of operculum distal parts tergites lighter, sternites with 4-7 with of constriction 1.8-2.1 times as wide as minimum greenish tinge. Tergites brownish lateral Posterior of width in constriction. Distance between opercula spots. margins ter-

4 and 5 with few short dark at constrictions 1.6-1.7 times as wide as minimum gites laterally spines;

of 6 and 7 with width in constriction. Opercula at point of closest posterior margins tergites spines along whole length; posterior margin of tergite approximation separated for a distance of about 8 with scattered spines medially. Sternite 7 with 0.3 times maximum width between opercula at

rounded posteromedial emargination, corners of constrictions. Surface of operculum distal of con- emargination rounded. striction practically following outline of abdomen, Genitalia: Pygofer ochraceous, more brownish only weakly convex longitudinally, curved around distal of sheath brownish. dorsally; part ovipositor abdomen at lateral margin. Dorsal margin of pygofer in lateral view virtually Abdomen: Length 1.1-1.2 times that ofhead and ventral convex. thorax Dorsal of ochraceous straight, margin weakly Oviposi- together. part tergites tor sheath just not reaching as far as caudodorsal to ochraceous brown, darkened along a narrow beak; anal valve just not reaching as far as oviposi- median line on anterior tergites; sternites and ven- tor sheath. tral parts of tergites ochraceous to ochraceous brown, anterior and posterior segments lighter = = Measurements in mm (C: n 3; 9: n 1). - Body length: o•:

as in D. but lateral ventrally. Tergites spiculata 35.0-37.0 (35.8 ± 0.8), 9: 31.0; head width: cr: 10.8-10.9

of 5 spots less distinct, posterior margin tergite (10.9 ±0.0), 9: 10.6; maximum pronotum width: cr: 12.6-12.9 with short dark ± 9: 11.8; cr: 41.0-42.5 (41.8 ± spines laterally and posterior mar- (12.7 0.1), tegmen length:

0.6), 9 : 40.5. gins of tergite 6-7 with short dark spines along whole length. Timbal covering (Fig. 90) as in D. - Etymology. Sinbyudaw are the white elephants spiculata. Sternite 7 emarginate posteromedially, that had the Burmese because a high status at court with a sinuous transverse at two thirds from groove incarna- they were purported to symbolize an early its base, unicolorous ochraceous or darkened tion of Buddha. along posterior margin

Genitalia 86-87, 89): Colour as in D. (Figs. - Distribution (Fig. 5). D. sinbyudaw has a rather spiculata. Basal lobes pronounced and pygofer wide distribution in Indo-China but not as wide as pointed 86-87). Basal part of uncus semi- (Figs. D. spiculata. The ranges partly overlap and D. with circular and 86), some thick has the globose (Fig. sinbyudaw slightly more northerly distribu- erect hairs on anterior surface and some long pale tion of the two. It is now recorded from Burma, bases of lobes. lobes hairs near uncus Uncus (Fig. Laos, and Thailand. See also the remark under the

86) with medial margins straight and touching, distribution of D. laterocurvata. curved inwards; distal margin rounded and curved

lateral inwards; margins oblique, convergent Acknowledgements distally, practically without emargination in ven- tral view; bases of uncus lobes with some thick This study would not have been possible without the help of erect hairs. Width at laterodistal corners of uncus curators at several institutes: Mr. M.D. Webb and Mrs. J. Mar- lobes much less than width at bases. gerison-Knight(BMNH), Dr. G.A. Samuelson and Ms. K. Kami

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(BPBM), Dr. E.R. Hocbeke and Dr. J. Liebherr (CUIC), Dr. Distant, W.L., 1889. A monograph of Oriental Cicadidae, 2

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