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JDYHERRNLVKLQWHOOHFWXDOVWKHDXWRQRP\WRWKLQNDQGZULWHXQIHWWHUHG E\VRFLDOFRQVWUDLQWV±DVWHQXUHGUDGLFDOVWKH\ZHUHIUHHWRFKDOOHQJH VWDQGDUGL]HGGRJPDVGXULQJWKHLUKRXUVRIOHLVXUHVRORQJDVWKH\GLG QRWPHGGOHLQSUDFWLFDOSROLWLFV$WWKHVDPHWLPHWKHLUH[FOXVLRQIURP WKH¿HOGRISRZHUPDGHWKHPSURQHWRH[SHULHQFLQJWKHPDUNHWSODFH the state, and the church as external apparatuses, and the political, reli- gious, and economic ruling classes as a spiritually empty other. In his semi-ironic account of a utopian German Republic of Learning    IRUH[DPSOHWKHLQÀXHQWLDO*HUPDQSRHW)ULHGULFK.ORSVWRFNGHVFULEHV DULVWRFUDWLFHOLWHVDVµ$OWIUDQNHQ>2OG)UDQNV@¶DQGH[FOXGHVWKHPIURP FLWL]HQVKLS .ORSVWRFN ± ±  D JHVWXUH 0DWWKHZ$UQROG UH - SHDWVLQWKHVZKHQKHUHOHJDWHVWKH%ULWLVKDULVWRFUDF\WRDFODVVRI µEDUEDULDQV¶VWDQGLQJLQWKHZD\RIFXOWXUDOSURJUHVV The German Anomaly (II): Early ’s Scholastic Net- works :KHUHDV WKH SHFXOLDU ORFDWLRQ RI WKH *HUPDQ PLGGOH FODVVHV LV ZHOO NQRZQWRVRFLDOKLVWRULDQVVFKRODUVUDUHO\PHQWLRQWKHPRVWGH¿QLQJ DQRPDO\RIWKH:HLPDUDQG-HQDFRWHULHWKDWLVLWVVLJQL¿FDQWRYHU - lap of literary and academic spaces of practice. In contrast to the gen- eralist bourgeois marketplace in which Habermasian histories locate WKHULVLQJµSXEOLFVSKHUH¶ VHH%R\OH%RVVH WKH OLWHUDU\ VFHQH RI SUHURPDQWLF *HUPDQ\ LV GHHSO\ HPEHGGHG LQ WKHR - UHWLFDODQGVSHFXODWLYHGLVFRXUVH*RHWKH6FKLOOHUDQGWKH6FKOHJHOV write in dialogue with an academic network of theologians, historians, DQGSKLORVRSKHUV IURPWKHVWRUPDQGVWUHVVWKHRULVWV-*+DPDQQDQG +HUGHUWRVXFKWUDQVFHQGHQWDOLGHDOLVWVDV)LFKWH6FKHOOLQJDQG+HJHO  LQZKLFKPHWDUHÀHFWLRQDQGWKHRUL]DWLRQEHFRPHDPDWWHURIFRXUVH :KHUHDV$QJORSKRQHDQG)UHQFKZULWHUV±6FRWW+XJRRU%DO]DFVD\ ±WKHRUL]HDERXWWKHLUSRHWLFVLQXQV\VWHPDWLFRFFDVLRQDOSUHIDFHVWKH :HLPDU-HQDQHWZRUNSURGXFHVDµWKHRU\RIWKHQRYHO¶DWKHRUHWLFDOSR - HWLFV Dichtungstheorie DQGDSKLORVRSK\RIDUW Ästhetik WKDWVRXJKW to place the idea of organic interiority within a mastertheory of human EHFRPLQJ %URZQ 0\SRLQWLVQRWWRFRPSOLPHQWWKH*HUPDQ preromantics for their theoretical rigor but to show what scholastic net- works can do to any literary culture. ๏,IVRPHRIWKH:HLPDU-HQDFRWH - ries look like deconstructionists avant la lettre  DVFULWLFVKDYHOLNHGWR Leypoldt 29

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