2-4a Rotherfield Road Borough of Sutton

Archaeological Evaluation

for Martin Grant Homes

CA Project: 660030 CA Report: 11322

January 2012

2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton

Archaeological Evaluation

CA Project: 660030 CA Report: 11322

prepared by Vasileios Tsamis, Project Officer, and Simon Carlyle, Project Manager

date 9 January 2012

checked by Simon Carlyle, Project Manager

date 9 January 2012

approved by Roland Smith, Regional Manager

signed

date 9 January 2012

issue 01

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

© Cotswold Archaeology Unit 4, Cromwell Business Centre, Howard Way, Newport Pagnell, Milton Keynes MK16 9QS t. 01908 218320 e. [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology 2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton: Archaeological Evaluation

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION...... 3

2. RESULTS ...... 6

3. DISCUSSION...... 8

4. CA PROJECT TEAM...... 9

5. REFERENCES...... 9

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 11 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 14 APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM...... 15

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan, scale 1:25,000 Fig. 2 Trench location plan showing archaeological features, scale 1:250 Fig. 3 Trench 1: photographs and sections Fig. 4 Trench 2, looking west (scales 1m) Fig. 5 Trench 2, ditch 204, looking south (scale 1m) Fig. 6 Trench 3, looking south (scales 1m) Fig. 7 Trench 3, wall 311, looking west (scale 1m) Fig. 8 Trench 4, looking north (scales 1m) Fig. 9 Trench 5, looking east (scales 1m) Fig. 10 Trench 6, looking north-east (scales 1m)

1 © Cotswold Archaeology 2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton: Archaeological Evaluation

Summary

Project Name: 2-4a Rotherfield Road Location: Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton NGR: TQ 2826 6451 Type: Evaluation Date: 14-15 December 2011 Planning Reference: C2011/64686/FUL Location of Archive: London Archaeological Archive Resource Centre (LAARC) Site Code: ROT 11

In December 2011, Cotswold Archaeology carried out an archaeological evaluation, comprising the excavation of six trial trenches, at 2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton. The work was commissioned by Martin Grant Homes and was carried out in order to fulfil the archaeological condition attached to planning consent for the residential development of the land.

There were three ditches in the north-west part of the site from which pieces of worked flint were recovered; the ditches are undated but the character of the fills and the small assemblage of worked flint suggest that they could be prehistoric in date. A small number of post-medieval and modern features was identified, the majority associated with farming and the former buildings that once stood on the site. There were no residual finds from the subsoil, topsoil and made ground that predated the 19th century.

2 © Cotswold Archaeology 2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton: Archaeological Evaluation

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In December 2011, Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation, comprising the excavation of six 15m trenches, at 2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton (centred on NGR: TQ 2826 6451; Fig. 1). The evaluation was commissioned by Martin Grant Homes and was undertaken in order to fulfil the archaeological condition attached to planning consent for the residential development of the land. The evaluation was requested by the Archaeological Advisory Service (GLAAS), archaeological advisors to the London Borough of Sutton.

1.2 The evaluation was carried out in accordance with the Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) prepared by CA (2011) and approved by Diane Abrams, Archaeological Officer with the GLAAS. The fieldwork followed the Institute for Archaeologists’ (IfA) Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (IfA 2008), the English Heritage procedural documents Management of Archaeological Projects (English Heritage 1991), the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MoRPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006), and the Standards for Archaeological Work issued by GLAAS (2009).

The site

1.3 The site comprises a roughly trapezoidal block of land (approximately 0.28ha) off Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton (Fig. 1). The site, formerly occupied by four two-storey houses, now demolished, is bounded to the north by garages belonging to properties fronting on to High Street, to the east by Rotherfield Road, to the south by All Saints’ Carshalton Church of Primary School and to the west by a semi-redundant stream or water channel (Fig. 2).

1.4 The ground is flat, at c. 39m aOD, although locally there is a general fall to the north, towards the . The geology comprises Cretaceous rocks of the Upper Chalk Formation, overlain by deposits of glacial Head (www.bgs.ac.uk/geoindex).

3 © Cotswold Archaeology 2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton: Archaeological Evaluation

Archaeological background

1.5 There are no known archaeological remains within the proposed development site, but the Greater London Historic Environment Record (HER) contains records for a number of archaeological sites in the surrounding area, indicating its likely archaeological potential (HER numbers in brackets). The majority of the sites lie to the north and west of the site, near the river and in the historic core of the village of Carshalton.

1.6 Some of the earliest evidence for human activity in the area dates to the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods, which was recovered from excavations carried out by Pre- Construct Archaeology in Road, less than 0.2km to the north of the site (PCA 1997). It comprised a small assemblage of worked and waste flint flakes, recovered as residual material from Late Bronze Age features (025289). The Bronze Age remains included placed deposits, comprising two red deer skulls overlying a layer of flint nodules and a horse skull and quern (025291). Nearby, an in situ Mesolithic flint scatter was identified at Orchard Hill, during excavations carried out by a local archaeological society in the 1960s, where it appeared to be associated with a working floor; two barbed and tanged arrowheads were recovered from the same site (030216). In the vicinity of Church Hill, c. 0.3km to the west of the site, worked flint dating from the Mesolithic to Bronze Age periods was recovered at St Mary’s Cottage (MLO 98633).

1.7 Later prehistoric activity was investigated in Burleigh Avenue during the 1920s, where the remains of a probable Iron Age roundhouse and storage pit were found (030261). Evidence of Roman activity in the general area has been identified at a number of sites, and includes the recovery of Roman pottery and tile from Orchard Hill (030290) and Westcroft Road (030283).

1.8 Sherds of Saxon pottery, some of which dates to as early as the 6th century, have been recovered during excavations in the vicinity of Orchard Hill and Church Hill, and the nearby parish church of All Saints’, Carshalton, which is recorded in the , may have been founded in the Saxon period (MLO 11026). The fabric of the existing church is largely medieval in date, with extensive alterations and additions being made in the late 19th century. The earliest surviving parts of the church include the tower, which probably dates to the 11th century, and the south aisle and chancel, which were built c. 1200 (Compass Archaeology 2007). A

4 © Cotswold Archaeology 2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton: Archaeological Evaluation

possible medieval moated site or fishpond is shown on the 1848 Tithe Map of the area (030381) and the site of a medieval/post-medieval mill, which possibly stands on the site of an earlier Saxon mill, is situated in , near the church (030413). Recent excavations by Sutton Archaeological Services (SAS 1999) at Grove Park investigated the remains of a large stone building, believed to be the remains of ‘Stone Court’, the manor house of the Besevill/de Colville family; late 12th to early 13th-century finewares were recovered from the garderobe, along with slightly earlier coarsewares (025608).

1.9 No known archaeological investigations have been carried out on the site, although it has been subject to intrusive geotechnical investigation (Soils Ltd 2011).

Archaeological objectives

1.10 The objectives of the evaluation were to establish the character, quality, date and extent of any archaeological remains or deposits surviving within the site. This information will assist London Borough of Sutton, under the advisement of GLAAS, in making an informed judgement on the significance of the archaeological resource, and the likely impact upon it of the proposed development.

Methodology

1.11 The fieldwork comprised the excavation of six 15m trenches (90 linear meters at 1.6m wide), in the locations approved by GLAAS (Fig. 2). All trenches were evenly spaced across the site. Trenches were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co- ordinates using a Leica 1200 series SmartRover GPS and surveyed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4: Survey Manual (2009).

1.12 All trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand and recorded in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1 : Fieldwork Recording Manual (2007).

1.13 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their offices in Milton Keynes. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the

5 © Cotswold Archaeology 2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton: Archaeological Evaluation

artefacts will be deposited with the London Archaeological Archive Resource Centre (LAARC), along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

2. RESULTS

2.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts are to be found in Appendix A.

2.2 The geology in Trenches 2 to 6 was light yellowish-brown weathered chalk, with moderate mid greyish-yellow sandy clay mottling. The geology in Trench 1 was light yellowish-brown sandy clay, with moderate mid reddish-yellow sandy clay mottling. The subsoil, which was intermittent across the site, was identified in Trenches 1 and 2 where it occurred as dark brownish-grey silty clay up to c. 0.46m thick; it may be partly alluvial in origin. The topsoil/garden soil, which was encountered in Trenches 1 and 2, was approximately 0.44m thick and comprised dark greyish-brown sandy silt. Across the southern and south-eastern parts of the site (Trenches 2-6) there were four layers of made ground. These layers comprised dark greyish-brown silty clay, crushed concrete, chalk and brick fragments. They were up to c. 1.2m thick and derived from the demolition of the four houses that once stood on the site.

Trench 1 (Figs. 2 & 3) 2.3 At the south-east end of the trench there were three parallel ditches. Although there was no stratigraphic relationship between them, all three had a north-east to south- west orientation (Fig. 2). Ditch 103 measured 1.6m wide and 0.20m deep (Fig. 3). Its fill, 104, contained five pieces of worked flint and a small fragment of animal bone. Gully 105 measured 0.5m wide and 0.24m deep. Its primary fill, 107, contained frequent sub-angular, well-sorted chalk flecks (<0.05m) and was 0.20m thick. The secondary fill, 106, was 0.04m thick and contained one piece of worked flint. Ditch 108, was 1.8m wide and 0.26m deep. Two possible flint blades, four worked flint pieces and four fragments of animal bone were recovered from its fill, 109. The location of these linear features, parallel to the High Street and perpendicular to Rotherfield Road (east) and to a semi-redundant stream (west), suggests that they may be former field boundaries, although the presence of the small assemblage of relatively unabraded worked flint, tentatively dated to the late Neolithic or Bronze Age, raises the possibility that they may be prehistoric in date.

6 © Cotswold Archaeology 2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton: Archaeological Evaluation

Trench 2 (Figs. 2, 4 & 5) 2.4 Towards the western end of the trench there was a north to south aligned ditch, 204 (Figs. 2 & 4). The ditch, which is undated, measured over 1.8m wide by 0.95m deep and had a broad, V-shaped profile with a concave base (Fig. 5). It had one primary fill (208) and three secondary fills (205, 206, 207). Its orientation, the loose compaction of its fills and levels of bioturbation suggest that it is probably a post- medieval boundary ditch.

Trench 3 (Figs. 2 & 6) 2.5 At the southern end of the trench there was an east to west aligned modern wall, 311, set in a foundation trench, 308, that measured 1.2m wide by 1.1m deep (Figs. 2 and 6). The wall was 0.8m wide by 0.44m high, and was built from modern bricks and <0.25m chalk nodules bonded together with cement/concrete (Fig. 7). The foundation trench partly truncated one side of a roughly parallel post-medieval ditch, 306, that was 0.85m wide and 0.10m deep. It is clear that both features are associated with the construction and subsequent demolition of the four houses that once stood on the site.

Trench 4 (Figs. 2 & 8) 2.6 An east to west aligned post-medieval field boundary ditch, 405, was identified in the centre of the trench. It measured 1.9m wide by 0.54m deep and was the continuation of ditch 306. Towards the southern end of the trench there was a wall, 407, and its foundation trench, 408, the continuation of the modern wall and foundation trench investigated in Trench 3. The wall measured 0.9m wide by 0.75m high and the foundation trench was 1.2m wide by 1.10m deep.

Trenches 5 &6 (Figs. 2, 9 & 10) 2.5 There were no archaeological features in Trench 5 (Figs. 2 and 9). In Trench 6, at its south-west end, there was a large post-medieval pit, 605 (Figs. 2 and 10). It was aligned north to south and measured 1.9m long, over 0.9m wide and 0.30m deep. The fill, 606, contained fragments of brick and chalk flecks.

7 © Cotswold Archaeology 2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton: Archaeological Evaluation

The finds evidence

2.6 Artefactual material, which was restricted to worked flint, was recovered from three deposits. Small, indeterminate fragments of animal bone were also noted from two deposits (Appendix B).

2.7 The worked flint exhibits varying degrees of edge damage and/or breakage and this material cannot be regarded as evidence for prehistoric dating for the excavated deposits with any certainty. The raw material consists of good quality grey or dark grey flint which is mostly unpatinated. Most pieces are secondary or primary removals and the surviving cortex suggests derivation, for some material at least, from river gravels. In the absence of pieces with secondary working, indications of dating are from technological observations: a broken blade with platform preparation (abrasion) from deposit 104 may be a Mesolithic piece; the typically squat proportions of the remainder, together with the evident use of hard hammer percussion and absence of preparation, suggests that most may be later, probably later Neolithic or Bronze Age.

3. DISCUSSION

3.1 In the north-west corner of the site, in Trench 1, the evaluation revealed three parallel, closely spaced ditches, from which was recovered a small assemblage of worked flint; the majority of this material has been tentatively dated to the Late Neolithic or Bronze Age periods. The absence of other dateable material, such as pottery, leaves a degree of uncertainty over the date of the ditches as the flints may be residual, although the presence of twelve relatively unabraded worked flints in such a close concentration suggests that they may be broadly contemporary. With known prehistoric remains being found c. 0.2km to the north of the site, in Westcroft Road (PCA 1997), a Late Neolithic or Bronze Age date for the ditches cannot therefore be discounted.

3.2 Later features indicated marginal activity on the land, largely associated with post- medieval field boundaries and modern building construction. There were no residual finds from the topsoil and subsoil that predated the 19th century.

8 © Cotswold Archaeology 2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton: Archaeological Evaluation

3.3 Given the existence of a steep slope and the survival of topsoil on the west side of the site, it is possible that the land could have been wooded until the post-medieval period. The 1871 Ordnance Survey map of the area shows the site being partially wooded while the remainder was used for farming. The east side of the site is covered with an approximately 1.2m thick layer of made ground, which derives from the demolition of the former houses.

4. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Vasileios Tsamis, assisted by Jeremy Mordue. The interim report was written by Vasileios Tsamis. The archive will be compiled by Vasileios Tsamis, and prepared for deposition by James Johnson. The project was managed for CA by Simon Carlyle.

5. REFERENCES

British History Online, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/mapsheet , accessed 19 December 2011

British Geological Survey, http://www.bgs.ac.uk/geoindex, accessed 21 November 2011

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2011 2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Evaluation

Compass Archaeology 2007 All Saints Parish Church, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton: an Archaeological Watching Brief, unpublished report

PCA (Pre-Construct Archaeology) 1997 Excavations at Westcroft Road, Carshalton , unpublished report

SAS (Sutton Archaeological Services) 1999 Excavations at Grove Park, Carshalton, unpublished report

9 © Cotswold Archaeology 2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton: Archaeological Evaluation

Soils Ltd 2011 Report on a Phase I Desk Study on 2/2a – 4/4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, , Report no. J12571/D5

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APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Trench 1

No. Type Description Length Width Depth (m) (m) (m) 100 Topsoil Dark–grey/black sandy silt with extensive rooting, and n/a n/a 0.44 occasional small-medium sub-rounded and sub-angular stones. Variable thickness. 101 Subsoil Mid-dark brownish-grey sand-silt, loose, flecked with n/a n/a 0.46 iron panning and occasional chalk flecks. Some rooting. Variable thickness. 102 Natural Variable deposit of yellow sand with moderate sub- n/a n/a n/k angular flint nodules, and weathered chalk. 103 Ditch Cut of asymmetrical ditch oriented E-W. Steep-sided, 1.70+ 1.58 0.20 flat-bottomed profile with shallow ‘bench’ to N. 104 Fill of 103 Dark grey-brown silt-sand, loose, with moderate small- n/a n/a 0.20 medium flint nodules and fragments. Some worked flint. 105 Gully Cut of E-W oriented gully, steep-sided and flat- 1.70+ 0.50 0.24 bottomed. 106 Fill of 105 Upper fill of gully. Dark brown-grey silt-sand, with n/a n/a 0.10 occasional small sub-angular flint pebbles. Some worked flint. 107 Fill of 105 Lower fill of gully. Mid-dark grey clay-silt, firm, with n/a n/a 0.20 frequent flecks and lumps of chalk. 108 Ditch Cut of shallow ditch oriented E-W. Asymmetrical profile 1.70+ 1.76 0.26 with steep side and flat base on N side, and moderately sloping concave side/base on S side. Cuts pit 110. 109 Fill of 108 Dark brown-grey silt-sand with moderate flint pebbles n/a n/a 0.26 and nodules. Some worked flint. 110 Pit Cut of possible pit located on the N edge of ditch 108, 0.50+ 0.35+ 0.12 and partially cut away. Surviving side has gradual slope and relatively flat base. 111 Fill of 110 Mid-dark grey clayey sand-silt, with moderate small- n/a n/a 0.12 medium flint pebbles 112 Modern Cut of unknown modern feature cutting into subsoil 101 n/k 1.20 0.80 feature and sealed by topsoil 100. Steep-sided and with flat base. Visible in W-facing section only. Probably associated with concrete/brick layer 114. 113 Fill of 112 Dark grey/black sand-silt with frequent brick rubble. n/a n/a 0.80 114 Modern Layer of concrete supporting single course of bricks. n/k 2.80 0.12 feature Sealed by topsoil 100. Probably associated with 112.

Trench 2

No. Type Description Length Width Depth (m) (m) (m) 200 Topsoil Dark grey clay-silt, loose, with occasional-moderate n/a n/a 0.40 small sub-rounded stones, frequent rooting. 201 Subsoil Mid-dark grey-brown sand-silt, loose, with moderate n/a n/a 0.45 small sub-rounded stones. 202 Natural Weathered chalk. n/a n/a n/k 203 Natural White chalk. n/a n/a n/k 204 Ditch Cut of ditch oriented N-S. Initially steep-sided, becoming 1.70+ 1.80+ 0.95+ gradual with breaks of slope. Base probably not reached. 205 Fill of 204 Uppermost fill of ditch. Mid-greyish-brown silt-clay, with n/a n/a 0.16 frequent crushed chalk. Collapse. 206 Fill of 204 Bulk fill of ditch. Mid-grey-brown sand-silt, with n/a n/a 0.40 occasional small sub-angular stones and chalk flecks. Weathering.

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207 Fill of 204 Lower fill of ditch. Mid-brown-grey clay-silt, with frequent n/a n/a 0.21 small-medium crushed chalk. Similar to 205. Collapse. 208 Fill of 204 Lowest observed fill of ditch. Mid-brown-grey silt-sand, n/a n/a 0.49 loose, with occasional small sub-angular stones and chalk flecks. Weathering.

Trench 3

No. Type Description Length Width Depth (m) (m) (m) 300 Layer Mid-dark grey-brown clay-silt, friable, with moderate n/a n/a 0.34 small stones. Imported topsoil. 301 Layer Crushed chalk make-up. n/a n/a 0.18 302 Layer Mid-dark brown clay-silt, fine-grained, with occasional n/a n/a 0.30 small sub-rounded stones and chalk flecks. Imported topsoil? 303 Layer Crushed chalk make-up. n/a n/a 0.17 304 Layer Mid-dark grey-brown silt-clay, firm, with moderate- n/a n/a 0.10 frequent crushed chalk. Levelling layer. 305 Layer Mid-dark brown sand-clay-silt, loose/friable, with n/a n/a 0.43 moderate small-medium sub-rounded pebbles. Possible buried topsoil? 306 Ditch Cut of unexcavated ditch oriented E-W. Cut by 1.70+ 0.85+ 0.10+ foundation trench 308. Same as 405. 307 Fill of 306 Dark brown-grey silt-sand, loose, with occasional small n/a n/a 0.10+ sub-angular flint pebbles. Same as 406. 308 Foundation Cut of foundation trench for wall 311. Vertical sides, and 1.70+ 1.20+ 1.10+ trench cutting through all observed deposits at this location. Same as 407. 309 Fill of 308 Dark brown clay-silt, loose/friable, with moderate small- n/a n/a 1.10 medium sub-rounded and sub-angular stones, and chalk lumps. Backfill. 310 Fill of 308 Mid-brown clay-silt, loose with frequent chalk/brick n/a n/a 0.70 rubble. Backfill of robbing/grubbing out event. 311 Masonry Wall footing comprising roughly-shaped limestone 1.70+ 0.79 0.44 blocks c. 250mm x 150mm x 100mm on S side (0.55m wide)and header course of red brick on N side (0.24m wide). Same as 408. 312 Layer Mid-light grey-brown clayey sand-silt, firm, with n/a n/a 0.44 occasional-moderate chalk flecks and occasional- moderate small sub-rounded pebbles. 313 Layer Mid-light brown sand-silt similar to 312, grading down to n/a n/a 0.50 very light with occasional orange clay pockets. 314 Layer Dark grey-brown sand-silt, loose, with moderate- n/a n/a 0.62 frequent small-medium sub-rounded pebbles. Possible subsoil? 315 Natural Weathered chalk, with moderate flint nodules. n/a n/a n/k 316 Layer Dark grey/black sand-silt, loose, with moderate small- n/a n/a 0.97 medium sub-rounded pebbles, chalk flecks, and occasional lumps of masonry. Modern in-filling. 317 Natural White chalk located beneath 316. n/a n/a n/k

Trench 4

No. Type Description Length Width Depth (m) (m) (m) 400 Layer Dark blackish-brown silt-clay, loose, with moderate brick n/a n/a 0.39 and chalk inclusions. Made ground. 401 Layer Light grey-white sand-clay, loose, with rare brick and n/a n/a 0.60 chalk inclusions. Made ground. 402 Layer Dark grey-brown silt-clay, loose, with abundant flint, n/a n/a 0.10

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brick and chalk inclusions. Made ground. 403 Layer Mid-brown silt-clay loam, with moderate chalk n/a n/a 0.11 inclusions. Made ground. 404 Natural Weathered chalk. n/a n/a n/k 405 Ditch Cut of ditch oriented E-W with moderately sloping sides 1.80+ 1.90+ 0.54 and concave base. Same as 306. 406 Fill of 405 Mid grey-brown sand-clay. Same as 307. n/a n/a 0.54 407 Foundation Cut of foundation trench for wall 408. Vertical sides, and 1.80+ 1.20 1.10 trench cutting through all observed deposits at this location. Same as 308. 408 Masonry Wall footing comprising roughly-shaped limestone 1.80+ 0.86 0.75 blocks c. 250mm x 150mm x 100mm on S side (0.55m wide)and header course of red brick on N side (0.24m wide). Same as 311. 409 Fill of 407 Mid-brown clay-silt, loose with frequent chalk/brick 1.80+ 1.20 n/k rubble. Backfill of robbing/grubbing out event.

Trench 5

No. Type Description Length Width Depth (m) (m) (m) 500 Layer Dark grey-brown sandy clay-silt, loose, with frequent n/a n/a 1.0 small-medium sub-rounded and sub-angular stones, chalk lumps and brick rubble. Made ground. 501 Layer Dark brown sandy silt, with heavy rooting, moderate n/a n/a 0.58 small-medium sub-rounded and sub-angular stones. Imported topsoil. 502 Natural Weathered chalk. n/a n/a n/k 503 Modern Cut of modern feature/pit. 0.75+ 0.80 n/k feature 504 Fill of 503 Dark grey/black sandy clay-silt, with moderate-frequent n/a n/a n/k small-medium sub-rounded and sub-angular stones, moderate brick and stone rubble, occasional broken drainage pipe. Backfill.

Trench 6

No. Type Description Length Width Depth (m) (m) (m) 600 Layer Mid-greyish-brown silt-clay, friable/loose, with abundant n/a n/a 0.34 brick and chalk fragments, and root disturbance. Made ground. 601 Layer Dark grey-brown silt-clay, friable/loose, with common n/a n/a 0.31 brick, chalk and concrete. Made ground. 602 Natural Weathered chalk. n/a n/a n/k 603 Modern Unexcavated modern pit. 0.80 0.60 n/k feature 604 Fill of 603 Dark grey-brown silt-clay, friable/loose, with common n/a n/a n/k brick, chalk and concrete. 605 Modern Modern pit with moderately sloping sides and flat base. 1.90 0.90+ 0.30 feature 606 Fill of 605 Dark grey-brown silt-clay, friable/loose, with common n/a n/a 0.30 brick, chalk and concrete.

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APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

Context Description Count Weight Spot-date (g) 104 Worked flint: flakes; broken flake; chip; broken blade 6 11 - Animal bone: 1 2 106 Worked flint: flakes; flake 1 13 - 109 Worked flint: flakes; broken flake; blade 5 47 - Animal bone: 4 9

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APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS Project Name 2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton Short description (250 words maximum) There were three ditches in the north-west part of the site from which pieces of worked flint were recovered; the ditches are undated but the character of the fills and the small assemblage of worked flint suggest that they could be prehistoric in date. A small number of post-medieval and modern features were identified across the site, the majority associated with farming and the former buildings that once stood on the site. There were no residual finds from the subsoil, topsoil and made ground that predated the 19th century. Project dates 14th-15th December 2011 Project type Field Evaluation Previous work None Future work Unknown Monument type None Significant finds Worked flint PROJECT LOCATION Site location 2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton Study area 0.28ha Site co-ordinates (8 Fig Grid Reference) TQ 2826 6451 PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology (CA) Project Brief originator GLAAS Project Design (WSI) originator CA Project Manager Simon Carlyle Project Supervisor Vasileios Tsamis PROJECT ARCHIVES Archive location Content Physical LAARC Worked flint, animal bone Paper LAARC Site archive Digital LAARC Digital copy of report and digital photos BIBLIOGRAPHY CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2011 2-4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton: Archaeological Evaluation. CA typescript report 11322

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N Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE 2 - 4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton, London Borough of Sutton

FIGURE TITLE Site location plan

London Borough 0 1km of Sutton FIGURE NO. Reproduced from the 2005 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with PROJECT NO. 660030 DATE 05-01-2011 the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller DRAWN BY JB REVISION 00 of Her Majesty's Stationery Office c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeological Trust 100002109 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 1:25,000 1

Trench 1, ditch 103, gully 108 and ditch 108, looking north-east (scale 1m)

Trench 1, looking north (scales 1m)

Trench 1, section AA

topsoil 100

N S 36.5m AOD subsoil 101

106 111 190 104 Cirencester 01285 771022 107 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 218320 ditch ditch w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk ditch 110 108 Archaeology 103 gully e [email protected] 105 PROJECT TITLE 2 - 4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton 01mLondon Borough of Sutton FIGURE TITLE Trench 1: Photographs and sections

PROJECT NO. 660030 DATE 05-01-2011 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY JB REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A3 1:20 3 4

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4 Trench 2, looking west (scales 1m) 5 Trench 2, ditch 204, looking south (scale 1m) 6 Trench 3, looking south (scales 1m) 7 Trench 3, wall 311, looking west (scale 1m)

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Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE 2 - 4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton London Borough of Sutton

FIGURE TITLE Trench 2 and 3: Photographs and sections

PROJECT NO. 660030 DATE 05-01-2011 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY JB REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A3 n/a 4 to 7 8 9

8 Trench 4, looking north (scales 1m)

9 Trench 5, looking east (scales 1m)

10 Trench 6, looking north-east (scales 1m)

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Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE 2 - 4a Rotherfield Road, Carshalton London Borough of Sutton

FIGURE TITLE Trench 4, 5 and 6: Photographs

PROJECT NO. 660030 DATE 05-01-2011 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY JB REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A3 n/a 8 to 10