Home Use of a Percutaneous Wireless Intracortical Brain-Computer Interface by Individuals with Tetraplegia
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The Diminishing Human-Machine Interface
The Diminishing Human-Machine Interface KEVIN Summary WARWICK In this article a look is taken at interfaces between technology and the human brain. A practical perspective is taken rather than a theoretical approach with experimentation reported on and Keywords: possible future directions discussed. Applications of this techno- Implant logy are also considered with regard to both therapeutic use and Technology, for human enhancement. The culturing of neural tissue and its Human-Machine embodiment within a robot platform is also discussed, as are oth- Interfaces, Cybernetics, er implant possibilities such as permanent magnet implantation, Systems EEG external electrode monitoring and deep brain stimulation. Engineering, In each case the focus is on practical experimentation results Culturing that have been obtained as opposed to speculative assumptions. Networks Introduction pic are therefore discussed. Points have been raised with a view to near term future technical advances Over the last few years tremendous advances have and what these might mean in a practical scenario. been made in the area of human-computer inter- It has not been the case of an attempt here to pre- action, particularly insofar as interfaces between sent a fully packaged conclusive document, rather technology and the body or brain are concerned. the aim has been to open up the range of research In this article we take a look at some of the different being carried out, see what’s actually involved and ways in which such links can be forged. look at some of its implications. Considered here are several different experiments We start by looking at research into growing brains in linking biology and technology together in a cyber- within a robot body, move on to the Braingate, take netic fashion, essentially ultimately combining hu- in deep brain stimulation and (what is arguably the mans and machines in a relatively permanent mer- most widely recognised) eeg electrode monitoring ger. -
Neural Lace" Company
5 Neuroscience Experts Weigh in on Elon Musk's Mysterious "Neural Lace" Company By Eliza Strickland (/author/strickland-eliza) Posted 12 Apr 2017 | 21:15 GMT Elon Musk has a reputation as the world’s greatest doer. He can propose crazy ambitious technological projects—like reusable rockets for Mars exploration and hyperloop tunnels for transcontinental rapid transit—and people just assume he’ll pull it off. So his latest venture, a new company called Neuralink that will reportedly build brain implants both for medical use and to give healthy people superpowers, has gotten the public excited about a coming era of consumerfriendly neurotech. Even neuroscientists who work in the field, who know full well how difficult it is to build working brain gear that passes muster with medical regulators, feel a sense of potential. “Elon Musk is a person who’s going to take risks and inject a lot of money, so it will be exciting to see what he gets up to,” says Thomas Oxley, a neural engineer who has been developing a medical brain implant since 2010 (he hopes to start its first clinical trial in 2018). Neuralink is still mysterious. An article in The Wall Street Journal (https://www.wsj.com/articles/elonmusklaunches neuralinktoconnectbrainswithcomputers1490642652) announced the company’s formation and first hires, while also spouting vague verbiage about “cranial computers” that would Image: iStockphoto serve as “a layer of artificial intelligence inside the brain.” So IEEE Spectrum asked the experts about what’s feasible in this field, and what Musk might be planning. -
Electrophysiological Phenotype Characterization of Human Ipsc-Derived Neuronal Cell Lines by Means of High-Density Microelectrode Arrays
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.02.271403; this version posted September 2, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Electrophysiological Phenotype Characterization of Human iPSC-Derived Neuronal Cell Lines by Means of High-Density Microelectrode Arrays Silvia Ronchi1*, Alessio Paolo Buccino1, Gustavo Prack1, Sreedhar Saseendran Kumar1, Manuel Schröter1, Michele Fiscella1,2*† and Andreas Hierlemann1† 1Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland 2MaxWell Biosystems AG, Albisriederstrasse 253, 8047 Zürich, Switzerland *Corresponding authors ([email protected], [email protected]) †Authors share senior authorship Keywords: induced pluripotent stem cells, high-density microelectrode arrays, electrophysiology Abstract Recent advances in the field of cellular reprogramming have opened a route to study the fundamental mechanisms underlying common neurological disorders. High-density microelectrode-arrays (HD-MEAs) provide unprecedented means to study neuronal physiology at different scales, ranging from network through single-neuron to subcellular features. In this work, we used HD-MEAs in vitro to characterize and compare human induced-pluripotent-stem-cell (iPSC)-derived dopaminergic and motor neurons, including isogenic neuronal lines modeling Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We established reproducible electrophysiological network, single-cell and subcellular metrics, which were used for phenotype characterization and drug testing. Metrics such as burst shapes and axonal velocity enabled the distinction of healthy and diseased neurons. The HD-MEA metrics could also be used to detect the effects of dosing the drug retigabine to human motor neurons. -
Neural Dust: Ultrasonic Biological Interface
Neural Dust: Ultrasonic Biological Interface Dongjin (DJ) Seo Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2018-146 http://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2018/EECS-2018-146.html December 1, 2018 Copyright © 2018, by the author(s). All rights reserved. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission. Neural Dust: Ultrasonic Biological Interface by Dongjin Seo A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering - Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Michel M. Maharbiz, Chair Professor Elad Alon Professor John Ngai Fall 2016 Neural Dust: Ultrasonic Biological Interface Copyright 2016 by Dongjin Seo 1 Abstract Neural Dust: Ultrasonic Biological Interface by Dongjin Seo Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering - Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley Professor Michel M. Maharbiz, Chair A seamless, high density, chronic interface to the nervous system is essential to enable clinically relevant applications such as electroceuticals or brain-machine interfaces (BMI). Currently, a major hurdle in neurotechnology is the lack of an implantable neural interface system that remains viable for a patient's lifetime due to the development of biological response near the implant. -
Neurotechnologies and Brain Computer Interface
From Technologies to Market Sample Neurotechnologies and brain computer interface Market and Technology analysis 2018 LIST OF COMPANIES MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT 240+ slides of market and technology analysis Abbott, Ad-tech, Advanced Brain Monitoring, AdvaStim, AIST, Aleva Neurotherapeutics, Alphabet, Amazon, Ant Group, ArchiMed, Artinis Medical Systems, Atlas Neuroengineering, ATR, Beijing Pins Medical, BioSemi, Biotronik, Blackrock Microsystems, Boston Scientific, Brain products, BrainCo, Brainscope, Brainsway, Cadwell, Cambridge Neurotech, Caputron, CAS Medical Systems, CEA, Circuit Therapeutics, Cirtec Medical, Compumedics, Cortec, CVTE, Cyberonics, Deep Brain Innovations, Deymed, Dixi Medical, DSM, EaglePicher Technologies, Electrochem Solutions, electroCore, Elmotiv, Endonovo Therapeutics, EnerSys, Enteromedics, Evergreen Medical Technologies, Facebook, Flow, Foc.us, G.Tec, Galvani Bioelectronics, General Electric, Geodesic, Glaxo Smith Klein, Halo Neurosciences, Hamamatsu, Helius Medical, Technologies, Hitachi, iBand+, IBM Watson, IMEC, Integer, Integra, InteraXon, ISS, Jawbone, Kernel, LivaNova, Mag and More, Magstim, Magventure, Mainstay Medical, Med-el Elektromedizinische Geraete, Medtronic, Micro Power Electronics, Micro Systems Technologies, Micromed, Microsoft, MindMaze, Mitsar, MyBrain Technologies, Natus, NEC, Nemos, Nervana, Neurable, Neuralink, NeuroCare, NeuroElectrics, NeuroLutions, NeuroMetrix, Neuronetics, Neuronetics, Neuronexus, Neuropace, Neuros Medical, Neuroscan, NeuroSigma, NeuroSky, Neurosoft, Neurostar, Neurowave, -
VINCENNES-SAINT-DENIS UFR Arts, Philosophie, Esthétique
UNIVERSITE PARIS 8 – VINCENNES-SAINT-DENIS U.F.R Arts, philosophie, esthétique Ecole doctorale : Esthétique, Sciences et Technologies des Arts THESE pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L'UNIVERSITE PARIS 8 Discipline : Esthétique, Sciences et Technologies des Arts spécialité Images Numériques présentée et soutenue publiquement par CHANHTHABOUTDY Somphout le 18 novembre 2015 Vanité interactive : recherche et expérimentation artistique _______ Directrice de thèse : Marie-Hélène TRAMUS _______ JURY M. Gilles METHEL, Professeur Université Toulouse 2 Mme Chu-Yin CHEN, Professeure Université Paris 8 Mme Marie-Hélène TRAMUS, Professeure émérite Université Paris 8 Pascal Ruiz, Artiste multimédia 1 2 Résumé Vanité interactive : recherche et expérimentation artistique Ce travail se positionne dans le domaine de l'interactivité sensorielle, de la 3D temps réel et des arts visuels. Cette étude artistique et technique s’inscrit directement dans une recherche entamée depuis des années, sur la question de la représentation sublimée de la mort, qui se retrouve pleinement transfiguré dans l’emblème de la Vanité et sur la recherche de nouvelles façons d’entretenir un dialogue en rétroaction avec l’œuvre. Sur le point artistique, la recherche analyse le processus de création, qui a mené de la représentation sublimée de la mort en vidéo, à la réalisation et l’expérimentation de Vanité au sein de tableaux virtuels interactifs et immersifs. Cette analyse apporte des réponses aux questionnements envers la signification des intentions liées à la création et l’utilisation de Vanité en 3D dans des installations conversationnelles. Elle met en lumière les enjeux de ce procédé innovant par rapport à l’histoire de la Vanité depuis son apparition. -
Superhuman Enhancements Via Implants: Beyond the Human Mind
philosophies Article Superhuman Enhancements via Implants: Beyond the Human Mind Kevin Warwick Office of the Vice Chancellor, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK; [email protected] Received: 16 June 2020; Accepted: 7 August 2020; Published: 10 August 2020 Abstract: In this article, a practical look is taken at some of the possible enhancements for humans through the use of implants, particularly into the brain or nervous system. Some cognitive enhancements may not turn out to be practically useful, whereas others may turn out to be mere steps on the way to the construction of superhumans. The emphasis here is the focus on enhancements that take such recipients beyond the human norm rather than any implantations employed merely for therapy. This is divided into what we know has already been tried and tested and what remains at this time as more speculative. Five examples from the author’s own experimentation are described. Each case is looked at in detail, from the inside, to give a unique personal experience. The premise is that humans are essentially their brains and that bodies serve as interfaces between brains and the environment. The possibility of building an Interplanetary Creature, having an intelligence and possibly a consciousness of its own, is also considered. Keywords: human–machine interaction; implants; upgrading humans; superhumans; brain–computer interface 1. Introduction The future life of superhumans with fantastic abilities has been extensively investigated in philosophy, literature and film. Despite this, the concept of human enhancement can often be merely directed towards the individual, particularly someone who is deemed to have a disability, the idea being that the enhancement brings that individual back to some sort of human norm. -
Towards a UK Neurotechnology Strategy
Towards a UK Neurotechnology Strategy A UK ecosystem for Neurotechnology: Development, commercial exploitation and societal adoption Prof. Keith Mathieson (Chair) | Prof. Tim Denison (Co-chair) | Dr. Charlie Winkworth-Smith 1 Towards a UK Neurotechnology Strategy Towards a UK Neurotechnology Strategy Contents Executive Summary 05 A UK Eco-System for Neurotechnology: Development, Commercial Exploitation and Societal Adoption 06 The UK 08 Our Proposed Approach 12 Case Study: Retinal Prosthetics 15 Uses of Neurotechnology 18 Bioelectronic Medicine 18 Brain-Computer Interfaces 19 Human Cognitive Augmentation 21 Development of New Neurotechnologies Provides Non-Pharmaceutical Alternatives to Chronic Pain Relief 22 Overview of the UK Neurotechnology Landscape 24 Opportunities for the UK 29 Steering Group 30 We will create a shared vision for the UK to be a world leader in neurotechnology. 2 1 https://www.internationalbraininitiative.org/ 3 Executive Summary Recent funding initiatives have changed the global neurotechnology landscape, with the US, China, Japan, the EU, Canada and Australia all investing at scale in 10 year+ programmes. In particular, the US has seen an investment of $1.7 billion since 2014 in their national programme1. The resultant rapid maturation of the academic research has led to sophisticated clinical devices capable of treating neurodegenerative conditions in patients and to a burgeoning commercial sector. The UK, with its outstanding neuroscience, medical and engineering expertise, has an exciting opportunity to make a valuable contribution to the leadership of this international effort. Vision: In response to this opportunity our vision is to bring together the existing strengths and form a cohesive UK eco-system to accelerate commercial and economic opportunities from neurotechnology science and engineering research. -
Trabajo De Fin De Máster Biología Sintética. Del
Máster Interuniversitario en Bioética y Bioderecho por la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria y la Universidad de La Laguna Trabajo de fin de máster Biología Sintética. Del Biohacking al “hágaselo usted mismo” Curso Académico: 2017/2018 Autora: Dña. María del Mar Cortés López Tutor: Dr. D. Emilio José Sanz Álvarez Tenerife, junio de 2018 !1 Para mis padres, Juan Antonio y Cati Por todo !2 BIOLOGÍA SINTÉTICA. DEL BIOHACKING AL HÁGASELO USTED MISMO. “What I cannot create, I do not understand” Richard Feynman ÍNDICE Sumario Objetivos y método de trabajo 1. Introducción 2. Biología Sintética 2.1 Historia 2.2 Panorama actual y futuro 2.3 Líneas de investigación 2.4 Cuestiones que plantea 2.5 Dilema del doble uso 2.6 Aspectos éticos 2.7 Regulación 3. Biohacking 3.1 Origen 3.2 Tipos 3.3 Regulación 3.4 Cuestiones éticas 4. DIYbio 4.1 Aplicaciones 4.2 Riesgos 4.3 Problemas a los que se enfrenta 4.4 Perfil ético 4.5 Regulación Discusión Conclusiones Bibliografía Otras fuentes de referencia !3 SUMARIO Este TFM revisa la Biología sintética, la aparición del “Biohacking”, y el emergente movimiento “hágalo usted mismo” (DIYbio), así como la relación entre éstas. La biología sintética (BS) es una disciplina que combina conceptos de biología e ingeniería, y que ha experimentado un rápido crecimiento en investigación, innovación e interés político en los últimos años. Ésta se basa en la utilización de principios de ingeniería para diseñar nuevos sistemas, organismos o dispositivos, así como en el rediseño de los sistemas biológicos naturales existentes, con el fin de crear algo útil y que no se dé de forma natural. -
Selected Topics in Neuroplastic & Reconstructive Surgery
CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION Fifth Annual Selected Topics in Neuroplastic & Reconstructive Surgery: An International Symposium on Cranioplasty and Implantable Neurotechnology with Cadaver Lab Presented by: Department of Plastic-Reconstructive Surgery & Department of Neurosurgery Section of Neuroplastic & Reconstructive Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Jointly Provided by: Society of Neuroplastic Surgery November 2-3, 2019 General Session – November 2 Hands-on Lab – November 3 The Rotunda Boston Bioskills Lab Joseph B. Martin Conference Center Boston, Massachusetts at Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts This activity endorsed by: American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons NEW American Society of Plastic Surgeons THIS YEAR! Oral Abstract Congress of Neurological Surgeons Session Global Neuro Society of Neuroplastic Surgery This activity has been approved for AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. DESCRIPTION Modern-day cranioplasty, along with the burgeoning field of Neuroplastic and Reconstructive Surgery, is undergoing a significant paradigm shift related to various techniques, surgical advancements, implantable neurotechnology, and improved biomaterials. These changes have stimulated us to assemble premier thought leaders in various specialties including neurosurgery, neuroplastic surgery, craniofacial surgery, and plastic surgery to meet for the FIFTH annual symposium dedicated to the subjects of “cranioplasty”, “implantable neurotechnology”, and “neuroplastic surgery”—to be hosted this year at the Joseph B. Martin Conference Center at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. The faculty will gather to present evidence-based data on surgical approaches and state-of-the-art materials, engage and network within a broad array of colleagues and experts, and share high-yield experiences to help attendees improve their patient outcomes. Interactive panel discussions following each lecture will offer the opportunity to debate the evidence, exchange ideas, and gain invaluable insight to assist with the most challenging cases. -
Implantable Microelectrodes on Soft Substrate with Nanostructured Active Surface for Stimulation and Recording of Brain Activities Valentina Castagnola
Implantable microelectrodes on soft substrate with nanostructured active surface for stimulation and recording of brain activities Valentina Castagnola To cite this version: Valentina Castagnola. Implantable microelectrodes on soft substrate with nanostructured active sur- face for stimulation and recording of brain activities. Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics. Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 2014. English. tel-01137352 HAL Id: tel-01137352 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01137352 Submitted on 31 Mar 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSETHÈSE En vue de l’obtention du DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : l’Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier (UT3 Paul Sabatier) Présentée et soutenue le 18/12/2014 par : Valentina CASTAGNOLA Implantable Microelectrodes on Soft Substrate with Nanostructured Active Surface for Stimulation and Recording of Brain Activities JURY M. Frédéric MORANCHO Professeur d’Université Président de jury M. Blaise YVERT Directeur de recherche Rapporteur Mme Yael HANEIN Professeur d’Université Rapporteur M. Pascal MAILLEY Directeur de recherche Examinateur M. Christian BERGAUD Directeur de recherche Directeur de thèse Mme Emeline DESCAMPS Chargée de Recherche Directeur de thèse École doctorale et spécialité : GEET : Micro et Nanosystèmes Unité de Recherche : Laboratoire d’Analyse et d’Architecture des Systèmes (UPR 8001) Directeur(s) de Thèse : M. -
Multiwell Microelectrode Array Technology for the Evaluation of Human Ipsc- Derived Neuron and Cardiomyocyte Development and Maturation
. Multiwell Microelectrode Array Technology for the Evaluation of Human iPSC- Derived Neuron and Cardiomyocyte Development and Maturation Clements, M.; Hayes, H.B.; Nicolini, A.M.; Arrowood, C.A; Clements, I.P.; Millard, D.C. Axion BioSystems, Atlanta, GA Multiwell MEA Technology MEA Assay with Neurons MEA Assay with Cardiomyocytes Why use microelectrode arrays? Neural Electrophysiology Phenotypes Cardiac Electrophysiology Phenotypes (a) (c) The flexibility and accessibility of induced pluripotent AxISTM control and analysis software provides The need for simple, reliable, and predictive pre-clinical assays for cardiac safety has motivated initiatives world-wide, stem cell (iPSC) technology has allowed complex human straightforward reporting of multiple measures on the including the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) and Japan iPS Cardiac Safety Assessment (JiCSA). biology to be reproduced in vitro at previously maturity of the cell culture: The Maestro MEA platform enables assessment of functional in vitro cardiomyocyte activity with an easy-to-use benchtop unimaginable scales. Accurate characterization of stem system. The Maestro detects and records electrical signals from cells cultured directly onto an array of planar electrodes in each well of the MEA plate. Multiple electrodes in each well provide mechanistic electrophysiological data reflecting the cell-derived neurons and cardiomyocytes requires an • Functionality – Neurons within the population following important variables: assay to provide a functional phenotype. For these produce spontaneous action potentials. The mean electro-active cells, measurements of electrophysiological firing rate (MFR) counts action potentials over time to • Depolarization – Cardiomyocyte depolarization is detected by the amplitude of the field potential spike (AMP). activity across a networked population of cells provides a (b) quantify individual neuron functionality.