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Comparative Assessment of Water Quality of River Kshipra During Kumbh Mela Ujjain, 2016

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Comparative Assessment of Water Quality of River Kshipra During Kumbh Mela Ujjain, 2016 ISSN: 2455-2631 © February 2018 IJSDR | Volume 3, Issue 2 COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF RIVER KSHIPRA DURING KUMBH MELA UJJAIN, 2016 Dr. Sandeep Kumar Gohar1, Dr. Ashok Barua2* and Dr. Prakash Solanki3 Assistant Professor Department of Chemistry Government Holkar Science College Indore (M.P.) 452001 Abstract: The present study deals with the analysis of water during kumbh Mela 2016,Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. The physico-chemical parameters like Colour, odour, pH, TDS, nitrates, sulphates, chromates as Hexavalent Cr(VI), Total Hardness as CaCO3, Calcium hardness as CaCO3, Magnesium Hardness as CaCO3, DO, BOD and Temperature were studied for consecutive days at selected sites of Ramghat, Mangalnath, Indore Road bridge and Lalpulghat of the holy city Ujjain. The results from all the sites clearly indicates that the mass bathing coupled with ritual activities performed by bathers was most probable cause of variation in the values of different parameters. Keywords: Total Hardness, pH, TDS and BOD. Introduction Water is one of the main essential component of all natural resources available on earth. The organic matter increases in such cases of mass bathing as the flowers, milk, ghee is being offered during many sacred practices[1]. Bathing also add the body hairs etc. to the river water which in turn provided food to bacteria and hence BOD increases [2]. It is believed that a dip in “Holy River” washes away all the sins. Consider it faith, people bath in holy rivers at some special occasions like as Deepawali, Amavasya, Purnima, Ganaga Dashara, Makar Sankaranti, etc. Such mass bathing poses a great threat to river health with respect to water pollution in general [3]. Recently the study was conducted in ettarakhand’s river and found that five studied rivers (Alakhnanda, Bahgireathi,Ganga, Mandakini and Yamuna) were polluted[4]. Mass gatherings attract people globally and expose them to a range of health risks [5]. Communicable diseases pose a threat to global health due to international connectivity, primarily through air travel [6,7]. Material and Mehods A systematic study was carried out during Mahakumbh 2016 for determining the impact of mass bathing on water quality. Standard methods and protocols were followed to carry out sampling and analysis of Physico-chemical parameters to check the quality of water samples collected from different sampling stations. The water samples were collected from two different sampling sites of Ujjain city namely Ramghat and Mangalnath Ghat. These sites were found to have increased anthropogenic activities during kumbh Mela as against normal days. For the collection of water sterilized bottles were used.Bottles were pre-cleaned before sample collection and thoroughly rinsed with double distilled deionised water. The water sample was collected at the depth of 5 feet by lowering the pre-cleaned bottles into the river. After collecting it into the air tight bottle sample were taken to laboratory for analysis of various parameters. 10 8 6 4 pH (Ramghat) pH Values pH 2 pH (Mangalnath ghat) 0 Kumbh Dates Figure 1: pH Values at Ramghat and Mangalnath Ghat IJSDR1802012 International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) www.ijsdr.org 138 ISSN: 2455-2631 © February 2018 IJSDR | Volume 3, Issue 2 1800 TDS (Ramghat) 1600 TDS (Mangalnathghat) 1400 1200 1000 800 600 TDS Values TDS 400 200 0 Kumbh Dates Figure 2: TDS Values at Ramghat and Mangalnath Ghat 4 ( Ramghat) 3.5 ( MangalnathGhat) 3 2.5 Values 2 - n 3 1.5 NO 1 0.5 0 Axis Title n- Figure 3: Nitrates values as NO3 at Ramghat and Mangalnath Ghat. 80 Ramghat 70 Mangalnathghat 60 50 40 ion Valuesion 2 - 30 SO4 20 10 0 Kumbh Dates -2 Figure 4: SO4 ion Values at Ramghat and Mangalnath Ghat during Ujjain Kumbh IJSDR1802012 International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) www.ijsdr.org 139 ISSN: 2455-2631 © February 2018 IJSDR | Volume 3, Issue 2 0.18 Cr(VI) Ramghat 0.16 Cr(VI) Mangalnathghat 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 Figure 5: Cr (VI) at Ramghat and Mangalnath Ghat during Ujjain Simhastha 2016 250 Mangalnath… Ramghat 200 150 100 50 0 Figure 6: Total Hardness as CaCO3 at Ramghat and Mangalnath Ghat 250 Ramghat Mangalnathghat 200 150 100 50 0 Figure 7: Total Hardness as MgCO3 at Ramghat and Mangalnath Ghat Results and discussion The Kumbh Mela’s in its different forms alternates between the banks of the rivers; Ganga in Haridwar, Godavari in Nasik, Kshipra in Ujjain and Sangam (confluence of Ganga, Yamuna and mythical Saraswati rivers) in Allahabad. From the 2- 2+ 2+ overall study and data it is concluded that parameters like pH, SO4 , TDS ,Ca , Mg Hardness lies within the maximum permissible limit . There was no significant change in the values. The BOD remained less than 4. The TDS values fluctuated between lowest 880 mg/l to the highest value of 1580mg/l. This increased value of TDS can be attributed to the mass bathing IJSDR1802012 International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) www.ijsdr.org 140 ISSN: 2455-2631 © February 2018 IJSDR | Volume 3, Issue 2 during the period of observation. The pH value of water samples taken ranges from 7 to 8.5 and it was slightly alkaline. The standard value for water quality on pH basis lies in the range of 6.5 to 8.5. References [1] Bhatnagar, A. and Sangwan, P., Impact of Mass bathing on water quality. Int. J. Env. Res., 3, 247-252 (2009). [2] Kumar A., Bisht B. S., Joshi V.D., Singh A. K., and Talwar A., Physical, chemical and bacteriological study of water from Rivers of Uttarakhand. J. Human. Ecol., 32, 169-173 (2010). [3] Chaurasia S. and Kannan G.K., Impact of mass bathing on river Mandakini during Ashwamedha Yagna, Indian J. Environ. Prot., 14 (2): 356-359 (1994). [4] Kumar A., Bisht B.S. Joshi, V.D., Singh A.K., and Talwar A., Physical, Chemical and Bacteriological Study of Water from Rivers of Uttarakhand, J Hum Ecol, 32 (3), 169-173 (2010). [5] WHO. International travel and health, and mass gatherings ( 2014). [6] Khan K., Sears J., Wei V. , J.S. Hu, and Kossowsky D., et al. Potential for the international spread of middle east respiratory syndrome in association with mass gatherings in Saudi Arabia PLoS Curr Outbreaks edition 1 (2013). [7] Olympic Planning Unit National School of Public Health Greece. Mass gatheings and public health: The experience of Athens Olympic games (2004). IJSDR1802012 International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) www.ijsdr.org 141 .
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