Transactions and P roceedings
of the Palaeontological Society of Japan
New Series No. 73
Palaeontological Society of japan A pril 30th, 1969 Editor : Tokio SHIKAMA Associate Editor: Kiyotaka CHI NZE l and Noriy uki IK EY A
Officers for 1969- 1970
Honorary President : Hisakatsu YABE President : Fuy uji T AKAI Councillors (*Executives) : Kiyoshi ASA NO*, Tetsuro HANA!';' (Secr etary ), Kotara HATA I, Itaru HAY AMI, Koichiro ICHIK AWA, Taro K ANAYA , Kametoshi KA N· ME RA, T eiichi KOBAYASHI , Kenji KONISH I, Tamio KOTAKA, T a tsuro MATSU· MO TO*, Masao MrNATO, Hiroshi OZAK I* (T reasurer), Tokio S HI KAMA*, Fuy uji T AKA!* Executive Committee (Chairman: F uy uji TAKA!) General Affairs: T etsuro HANAI, T a kashi HAMADA , Yasuhide IwASAKI Membership : T akashi HAl\'lADA F inance : Hiroshi OzA KI , Saburo KANN O Planning: Hiroshi OZAK I, Hiroshi U]llE Publications Transactions: Tokio Sr-l! KAMA , Kiyotaka Cr-II NZEI, Noriyuki IK EY A Special Papers : T a tsuro MATSUMOTO, T omowo OZA WA " Fossils " : Kiyoshi ASAN O, Yokichi T AKAYANAG I
F ossils on the cover is Globo rota lia lruncatulinoides (o'ORBIG NY , 1839). The photogr aph was ta ken on a scanning electron microscope, ]EOL- ]SM- 2, X 100.
All communications relating to this journal should be addressed to the PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tol 548. FOSSIL SPORES AND POLLEN GRAINS FROM THE NEOGENE DEPOSITS IN NOTO PENINSULA, CENTRAL JAPAN-I A PALYNOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE LATE MIOCENE WAKURA MEMBER* NORIO FUJI Institute of Earth Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 1iEftcj':,lfli*'lf~E7f1Zi'i:ltT:liJH- ·1tf5}-I; ~l':liif!ltf&J!:J!l'Ui:1/ill0)1"£:¥5}~J3'~ilM"E: 1iE~c¥-J1i!JI-=: r:& < 5J1id-MifA'r:::.7frcf>;-·n-vn,,_:o(t:fillf!l-=t- • T'tff}IC--:Jv''"Clilf~~fl'-:> t~o 4-@Jf'i~O)~ 1 ¥fU:. L -c, tiE~'I"INJ$ *ffllf::.9Eiii" .:0 $:$if lll:f&IUJO)fntft-~ll*'iiJe:GJ\NO) 16Ji1~ 1::. --:Jv'-c, 41- ~~uH-:::, ltT:lf.t:!fO)rj'/tllX • ~~t~A,ey GiPI-::: L, IJHt-c, tnf.'fN'i:ltEfj'!IF.J'O)riJ%,~ • ri!J:IJlJlllE"J~ :IQ, l'nf.1"/f,1 0)n~(\;:fC--:Jv''"C, <:bLv'~%-'i~fi-:>t.:o [<# J'lU if.ff; Suzu, Wajima areas. Introduction The present writer has been studying Some diatomaceous deposits occur at the fossil pollen grains and spores found different stratigraphical horizons in the from the diatomaceous deposits of Neo Tertiary (Neogene) System distributed gene age in the Hokuriku region since in the northern and central parts of 1960. The present article is the first Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa Prefecture, report on the palynological researches Central Japan. of the diatomaceous deposits and treats The diatomaceous deposits of Noto the pollen grains and spores collected Peninsula are classified into four hori- from the Late Miocene Wakura Member . zons, ranging from the Middle to Late near Nanao City in the central part of Miocene in age. These four horizons Noto Peninsula. differ from one another in their environ The scope of the investigation based mental conditions, namely, one is non on the microfossils is the systematic marine in origin, whereas the other determination of the microfossils, the three are marine. The most conspicuous palaeoclimatic condition and palaeogeo horizon is represented by the marine graphical environment under which the diatomaceous mudstone of the Late Wakura Member was deposited in the Miocene age. The diatomaceous deposits Late Miocene. Further, correlation and in Noto Peninsula are distributed in comparison of the conditions and en main three areas of Nanao-Nakajima, vironment of the Wakura Member with the Hijirikawa, Tsukada and I'izuka * Received Sept. 30, 1968; read November diatomaceous Members distributed in the 18, 1961, at the 80th Meeting, the Kyushu Uni central and northern parts of Noto Pen versity, Fukuoka; contribution from the Insti insula are also undertaken. tute of Earth Science, Faculty of Education, Kanazawa University, New series No. 7. 1 2 Norio FUJI stone and Kojima sandstone Members Acknowledgements overlain with unconformity by Pleisto cene deposits. The writer takes this opportunity to These strata are distributed in and express his deepest gratitude to Professor around Wakura and in the adjacent areas Kotora HAT AI of the Institute of Geology of Nanao City in the central part of and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, Noto Peninsula. Each stratigraphic units Tohoku University, for his advice during is below, in ascending order. the course of the writer's palynological investigation and for reading the manu The Anamizu Formation: This for script. Appreciation is expressed to Pro mation is distributed locally along the fessor Yoshio KASENO of the Institute western coast near Wakura and also in of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, the area south of Okuhara. It is gen Kanazawa University, for his suggestions erally clas~ified into two parts, namely, and informations on the stratigraphy one is of pyroxyne andesite or horn and tectonic movements in the Nanao blende pyroxyne andesite, and the other area during the Late Miocene stage. consists of andesitic pyroclastic rocks Thanks are due to Mr. Tomohide NOHARA intercalated with dacitic tuff layers. of the University of Ryukyu and Yukio This formation may be Early Miocene KITAMURA for their suggestions on the in geological age. stratigraphy and sampling. Finally, the - -- unconformity writer expresses his appreciation to the Ministry of Education of the Japanese The Akaura s;;tndstone Member: In Government for grants from the Science areas of Nanao, Takahama and Mt. Bij6- Expenditure Funds. zan, an arkose sandstone derived from granite, which may be correlated with the Hida metamorphic complex, is dis Outline of the Geology tributed widely. It is named the Akaura sandstone Member near Nanao City. Many diatomaceous mudstones of Neo This member consists of a yellowish gones age are distributed widely in the gray coarse-grained sandstone with central and northern parts of Noto granule sandstone showing remarkable Peninsula. They are mainly composed cross lamination structures. The mem of homogeneous silty mudstone charac ber has yielded a fossil mollusc as terized with the dominance of fossil Patinopecten kagamianus pennirus. The microorganisms. In the central part of thickness of this member is about 200 the peninsula, the diatomaceous deposits meters. are distributed locally, and their rock facies are variable, especially around Mt. -- interfigering with the upper Sekid6-san near Nanao City. In the part of the Akaura Member-- northern part of Nanao the Neogene The Nanao calcareous sandstone Mem deposits which overlie the Anamizu ber: The upper part of the Akaura Andesite Group with unconformity are Member interfigers with the calcareous classified into six members in ascending sandstone, which is named the Nanao order as follows : the Akaura sandstone, calcareous sandstone Member. This Nanao calcareous sandstone, glauconitic member occurs locally at I waya, Hoso sandstone, Wakura diatomaceous mud- guchi and Osugi-zaki in the limits of -f- WAitUftA spj, 37"N ( <:.>., -~-- ICANAbWA0 ·' I37"E ?a 0 •1000 M ~ 0 4 "' LEGEND "" @ o~ R. ~2 L~ ~ ~~r_,., ~ "';;s §_d3 ~ 0 ~4 ;::1 ,--J .,.... I ;:::,... 5 [Z]~ "' >~ rn++ls 0 t±ti:±J Fig. 1. Geological map of the Nanao area, central part of Noto Peninsula, Japan (Compiled by Y. KAsE;--;o, 1963; after N. Ft.:JI, T. AoKI, Y. KITAMURA and I-IoKuHIKU QuATEI Table 1. Correlation table of the Neogene Tertiary diatomaceous deposits distributed in Noto Peninsula, Central Japan. "· diatomaceous deposits. .------, stratigraphic Standard stratigraphic Geological Standard Wokura - Notojimo Suzu I division of the oilfields in division in Hijirikawo area Nakajima area area area Age North Japan Hokuriku Region Shibikowo Honyu 11111111 [ llllliiTllllll 1111111111111111111111111 Pliocene Ogijima Wokimoto Himi Kojima Oginoyo Kitoura Akosoki ! I "Hijirikawo ~ Late Otogowa \ Miocene .,,~ 0 "Wokura" "lizuko" Funakowo "Kososhio" "':l Hare glauconite glauconite ~..... Tonokumo ~noo calcareous "lido diotomoeeous sandst. mudstone member" "Hojuji diet. mst. m." Onnogowa I Higoshibessho Hamada Akauro Shingu Middle --~---- ~ Miocene HigoshHnnoi Nishikurosowo Kurosedoni Araya Kusold 'bro1odci Nonohora \ r------~-~-- l.ill Yanagida 1------Anamizu Anomizu Early Miocene Doijimo lwoine Anomizu --~ 548. Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Nota-l 5 Nanao City. Most of the sandstone ura, Suso, Sanami and Koda of Noto member consists of granule and coarse jima Island near Nanao City, coresponds grained sandstone. Fossils are very to this member. The rock-facies is gen abundant, namely, sponge spicules, bryo erally a homogeneous yellowish brown zoa, smaller foraminifers as Nonion pom on a weathered surface and a bluish pilioides, Angulogerina hughesi, Cassidu gray on a fresh surface diatomaceous lina margareta, Cibicides sp., Fissulina mudstone. The fossils from the member sp., Lagena apiopleura, Nonion nicobar are diatoms as Actinocyclus fios, Actin ap ense, Rotalia sp., Uvigerina sp. etc., mol tychus senarius, Arachnoidiscus ehren luscs as Patinopecten kagamianus per bergii, Coscinodiscus subtilis, C. lineatus, mints, lv!iyagipecten matsumoriensis, C. marginatus, and Stephanopyxis turris, Nanaochlamys notoensis, Chlamys cras sponge spicules and pollen grains. This sivenia, brachiopods as Terebratella cor member is about 80 meters in thickness. .eanica, T. gouldi, Terebratulina japonica, The member developed in the Wakura T. crossei, T. peculiaris, Terebratella nip area forms a small basin structure. ponensis, Laqueus rubellus, Coptothyris ---unconformity--- grayi, and Hemithyris psittacea etc. are The Kojima sandstone Member: The known to occur. member is developed locally in the map --conformity-- ped area, that is, it is distributed from The glauconitic sandstone Member: near Kojima and Iwaya to the northwest This member is distributed in the Saki of the Nanao Station. This sandstone yama, Nanao and Noto-jima areas. It member overlies with unconformity the represents the earlist phase of the Oto Akaura sandstone and Nanao calcareous kawa stage of which age is considered sandstone Members, and is a light bluish to be the Middle Miocene generally con gray or grayish yellow silty sandstone sists of a glauconitic sandstone, in which containing abundant remains. Fossil flinty shale is intercalated and this sug molluscs from the member are such as gests an interruption of sedimentation Turritella saishuensis motidukii, Nep or a diastem. These glauconitic sand tunea sp., Epitonium angulatosimile, Den stones or shales are thought to have been latium sp., Pecten spp., Astarte halwda deposited on a shallow sea bottom and tensis, Cardium, sp., and foraminifers as they have yielded abundant remains of Angulogerina hugesi. This member at a silicisponge such as Aphrocallistes sp. tains about 100 meters in thickness. and a mollusc called Chlamys crassivenia. ---unconformity- -- --conformity-- The Quaternary deposits of this dis The Wakura diatomaceous mudstone trict are classified into five units, name Member: This member has been studied ly, the Takashina, Okuhara, Nishiminato, by Takuji OGAWA (1908), Yanosuke Tokuda gravel Members and Holocene 0TUKA (1935) and Yoshio KASENO (1963) deposits in ascending order. from the viewpoint of stratigraphy. The Takashina Member which yielded The Wakura Member is distributed loc such marine molluscs as Cerilbideo psilla ally in the areas of Wakura, Okuhara cingulata, C. djadjariensis and Tegillarca and Ishizaki in the northern part of granosa var. in its middle horizon may Nanao City. The Entsunagi mudstone be correlated with the Kamitako Member Member, which is rlistributed at Han'no- (Middle Pleistocene) in the Himi district 6 Norio FU]l of Toyama Prefecture. It is noteworthy dant microfossils as diatoms, flagellates, that the marine environment during the foraminiferes, pollen grains and spores_ Middle Pleistocene along the japan Sea Although several papers have been pub coast is well represented in the Taka lished on the deposits, there were con shina Member. centrated to stratigraphical investiga The Okuhara Member including the tions, and no literature has appeared Wakura-eki shell bed is classified into concerning the fossil pollen grains and two members, that is, the lower or mud spores until comparatively recently. The submember and the upper or sand sub writer has been studying the diato member. Marine molluscs as Scapharca maceous mudstone members, and pre satowi, Dosinella penicillata and Paphia vious works have been summarized undulata, and marine diatoms such as (FUJI, 1964, 1966 & 1968) on the Early Coscinodiscus were found from the lower Miocene Yamatoda, Middle Miocene Ho submember. A study of the deposits juji and l'ida, and Late Miocene Hijiri reveals that there occurred cme major kawa, l'izuka and Nakayama-toge Mem marine transgression which attained a bers. maximum rise of 50 meters above the The purpose of the present study is present sealevel during the Late Pleisto to interpret the significance of the pollen cene, probably due to the glacial eustatic grains and spores from the samples col movement called the Hiradoko phase in lected from the Late Miocene Wakura the Hokuriku region. This phase can be Member, mainly in· terms of palaeocli correlated with the Shimosueyoshi phase matic condition and palaeogeographical of the Kwanto region, Central japan. environment. These records, which are The Nishiminato Member is divided thought to reflect, in a relative manner into two submembers: the lower or mud in general, the fluctuation of atomo and upper or sand submembers. The spheric temperature in the southern lower part of the mud submember pre part of Noto Peninsula during the Late serves wood stumps and plant remains Miocene to Pliocene, is based on the as Trapa macropoda, Alnus japonica and criteria gained by the writer during his juglans mandshurica, which indicate a about ten years palynological researches_ marsh environment. Molluscs and dia The samples taken by the writer in toms of marine origin are found in the collaboration with NOHARA and KITA upper part of the mud submember, which MURA, serve as an example for the ap may be correlated with the lower part plication of the criteria for the pollen of the Okuhara Member. grains analysis of the samples from The Tokuda ·gravel Member is a non Central Japan. marine deposit, the age of which is judged to be the Latest Pleistocene (2) Sampling, Preparation of Materials (Wiirm glacial age). and Method of Study Among the samples analysed six (Sam Palynological Research ple nos. 1-6) were collected by the writer,. KITAMURA and NOHARA in the summer (1) Foreword season of 1961. . The other samples (7a- As already stated different ki,nds of 7c and 8a-8g, ten samples in total) were diatomaceous deposits occur in the Noto obtained from two wells drilled for the Peninsula, and there have yielded abun- research of the diatom earth distributed 548. Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Noto-I 7 D [[]] 2 ~ 3 4 •rn 5 6 •0 7 km 0 10 20 Fig. 2. Geological outline of Noto Peninsula and distribution of diato maceous deposits (After W. IcHIKAWA & Y. KAsENO, 1963). 1: (denoted by a few spot) Pliocene series, 2: Upper Miocene series, 3: Middle Miocene series (sedimentary rocks), 4: Middle Miocene series (pyroclastic rocks), 5: Lower Miocene series, 6: Pre-Tertiary system (granite & gneiss), 7: diatomaceous deposits: Z: l'izuka Member, T: Tsukada Member, W: Wakura Member, D: !'ida Member, H: Hojuji Member, Y: Yamatoda Member. widely in Noto Peninsula. The sampling pieces of rock ever collected at random localities and stratigraphical horizons in along the length of one meter, measured the Wakura Member are shown in Figs. parallel to the stratification of the mem 1 and 3. ber. These rock pieces were mixed Of the sample collected from outcrops, together to form a composite sample, one sample consisted of three to five which is taken here to represent the 8 Norio FUJI ··············humus ..... coarse - grained sand .. ·_:.- ··· ···-··· medium - grained sand Okuhara Mem...... ---Lebensspuren bluish gray mud intercalated with thin fine-g. sand and fossil beds Sample 6 Sample 5 Sample 8o dark greenish gray diatomaceous mudstone Sample 4 Sample Bb Sample Be Sample 7a Sample 3·Bd Sample 7b Sample Be Sample 7c Sample Bf Sample Bg Sample 2 Sample I Glauconitic Akaura Mem. Fig. 3. Columnar section showing the sampling horizons of the Wakura diatomaceous mudstone Member. outcrop. The present study is based on pies is the same as was stated previously the composite samples. Many rock sam by the writer (FUJI, 1965). The com ples and separate specimens for refer posite samples were treated by the ·ence at the writer's disposal, materially NaOH-HF-acetolysis method. facilitated the present work in checking To record the position of a specimen the distribution and confirming the identi in the slide for taxonomical and biostrati fication of the pollen grains and spores. graphical studies, Maltwood's finder or The analytical procedure of the sam- England finder were used to register the 548. Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Noto-I 9 necessary specimens in this investiga logical significances of the fossil assem tion. blage it is necessary to make an analysis The specimen registered in this study of the fossil composition from the view can be easily brought under the micro point of the presence or absence, abun scopic field whenever necessary by plac dancy and distribution of every climatic ing the slide which includes the speci element to know the palaeoclimatic con men registered with the finder. The dition and palaeogeographical environ counting is made along the chosen lines ment at the time of deposition. with use of a mechanical stage and finder. All of the specimens which ap (b) Stratigraphical Relations of the peared while traversing the slide along Samples the chosen line are observed and count The localities of the samples studied ed. The counting is continued until 200 are widely distributed in the present specimens are identified and counted. field and the depths from the surface in When the specimens counted from one the wells drilled may be correlated to slide are less than 200, the counting is the exposures on the surface. They can proceeded on another slide prepared be illustrated as a columnar section and from the same sample to count a total for the sake of convenience are called number of 200. Therefore, more than horizons in this work. Here, the term 10 slides must be prepared from each horizon is used to denote the same or sample to count 200 specimens. nearly same stratigraphic position or The frequency of each genus obtained level within the stratigraphic unit. by the count of 200 specimens from The samples analysed in the present every sample is recorded on the distri work can be classified into 13 horizons buted diagram. All of the stream slides shown as the columnar! section (Fig. 3). are examined under the same magni (c) Description of Assemblages fication of 600 times in counting. The assemblage of the fossil pollen The slides counting the registered grains and spores found from the an specimens are deposited in the collection alysed 16 samples is shown in Figs. 4-8, of the Institute of Earth Science, Faculty and is explained as follows in ascending ·Of Education, Kanaza wa University (re order. gister abbreviation: EKZJ), Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, japan. Sample 1: This sample which belongs to the lowermost horizon of the W akura {3) Description of the Pollen and Spore Member. It yielded, Gymnosperm-four Assemblages genera and one family; Dicotyledon-12 genera and two subgenera; Monocotyle· (a) General Statement don-two families and one genus; and 4 The present flora is composed of the genera of spores. Among them, Pinus species which are adapted to the phy and Gramineae are abundant, 11% in sical phenomena which constitute the frequency, being the highest concentra environment. But the fossil assemblage tion in this composite sample. Quercus of any locality may be the total accu (evergreen), this genus includes two mulation composed of a biocoenosis types, one is of large size and the other andjor a thanatocoenosis. Therefore, to of small size based on the diameter of interpret the geological and palaeoeco- grain, the latter belongs to the evergreen 10 Norio FUJI 6%. Gymnosperm appers with a high 46%, 14% and 29%. Metasequoia, Cunn rate of 23%, and Dicotyledon, Monocoty inghamia, Glyptostrobus, Taiwania, the ledon and Pteridophyta are respectively evergreen Quercus and Liquidambar are type, and attains 6%. juglans and Myrio the representative plants of a warm phyllum are common, both being about temperate and subtropical region and Larix Talodioceoe Fagus 50/ix Celtis Bi:'iUia Juglans Pterocoryo Cary/us ·casianeaAcer Coryo Zelkovo Menyonlhes Styrax . "iiyri0Phyllum Carpinus Tilio Fig. 4. Pollen diagram (1) of the Wakura diatomaceous mudstone Member. Numbers refer to Figs. 1 and 3. -...~ -=-:=-"" Fig. 5. Pollen diagram (2) of the Wakura diatomaceous mudstone Member. Numbers refer to Figs. 1 and 3. 548. Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Nota-l 11 are denoted by " B " in Fig. 6. Pinus, Gymnosperm (23%), 17 genera and two Tsuga, Taxodiaceae without the warm subgenera of the Dicotyledon (60%), one elements mentioned above, the deciduous genus and two families of the Mono Quercus, Zelkova, Fagus, Salix, juglans, cotyledon (9%), three genera of the Castanea, Tilia and !lex are the repre Pteridophyta and two genera of the sentative plants of the temperate to cool other groups (1.% and 7% respectively). temperate regions analogous with the Among them, Pinus and Taxodiaceae Hokuriku region (indicated by "C" in are abundant (13.% and 10% respectively). Fig. 6). Also admixed in the composite Ulmus, juglans, Zellwva and Carpinus sample are Abies, Picea, Fagus, Betula are common (5% to 6,%). The other etc., the representative plants of the genera and families are rare in fre cooler to cold regions (indicated by" A" quency. The boreal dements attain 5%, in Fig. 6!. According to the result, "A " the temperate ones 87.% and the others appeared with a very low frequency indicated by "B" in Fig. 6 about 8%. of 7'}{; in total. On the contrary, the The fossil pollen grains and spores plants of the warmer type denoted as found from the composite sample are " B " and the cool temperate type "C" divided into three groups based on the are respectively 16'}{; and 77% in fre habitat as follows; quency. The frequency of the spore upland element...... 20% which certainly belongs to Pteridophyta mixed-slope element ...... 52% is as high as that of an originary marine stream-side andjor riparian deposit, being 10%. The frequency of element ...... 28% the plants of the warm temperate and subtropical regions gives the highest Sample 8g: The sample was taken ratio in the treated sample. The pheno from the well drilled at Locality No. 8 mena seem in the composite sample will situated about 150 meters northwest of be explained in later pages on the dis the Wakura Station. A depth of the cussion on the palaeoclimatic condition sample is about 35 meters below the and palaeogeographical environment. present ground surface. The analysed To facilitate considerations on the sample contains three genera and one ecological environments under which family of the Gymnosperm (16.%), 17 some ancient plants lived, the modern genera and two subgenera of the Dico equivalents of the fossil species are tyledon (66%), two genera and one grouped into four habitats, namely up family of the Monocotyledon (8%), and land, mixed-slope, stream-side or riparian, three genera of the Pteridophyta and and lake or marshy elements. From the two genera of plants lower than Pterido viewpoint of the above mentioned signi phyta (respectively 8% and 10%). ficant statistics the fossil pollen grains Among the pollen grains and spores and spores from this composite sample found from the sample, Pinus is abun can be classified into upland, mixed-slope dant (10%). It is noteworthy that Liqui and stream-side elements, occupying re dambar and evergreen Quercus as the spectively 18%, 38% and 44% of the representative plants of warm elements total. are 8% and 7% respectively in frequency. The other genera and families are few, Sample 2: The composite sample yield ranging from 1'% to 6%. The boreal ed one genus and one family of the (indicated by "A"), warm (indicated by 12 Norio FUJI "B ") and temperate (indicated by "C ") than Pteridophyta which shows 12% and elements are respectively 4%, 21% and 6% respectively. Among them, Pinus is 75%. As the mentioned previous in the abundant (10%). Alnus, Liquidambar description, the relative frequency of the and Osmunda are common, being 6% in warm climatic elements obtained from every genus. The other genera and this sample is higher than those from families are rare (1% to 4%). Liqui Samples 1 and 2. On the other hand, dambar is the representative plant of the upland, mixed-slope, and stream-side warm component but amounts to 3%. andjor riparian elements are 17%, 38% The cold or subalpine, warm and tem and 45% respectively. perate elements are respectively 13.%, 13% and 74%. The upland, mixed-slope Sample 8/: Although the locality of and stream-side andjor riparian elements this sample is similar to that of Sample are 23%, 54% and 23% respectively. 8g, its depth is about 30 meters below the present ground surface. This sample Sample 8e: The sample is from the yielded three genera and one family of well drilled at Locality No. 8, and its Gymnosperm (16%), 12 genera and two depth is 25 meters below the present subgenera of the Monocotyledon (12%), ground surface. The sample yielded and three genera of the Pteridophyta four genera and one family to the Gym and two genera belonging to another nosperm (20%), 18 genera and two sub group (8% and 13% respectively). Pinus, genera of Dicotyledon (54%), two genera Taxodiaceae and evergreen Quercus are and one family of Monocotyledon (10%), abundant (respectively 10%, 8% and three genera of Pteridophyta and two 7.5,%). Liquidambar is the representative genera belonging to the plants lower than plant of warm element (7%). For this Pteridophyta, attaining respectively 6% sample the relative frequency of warm and 10%. components is higher than those from The relative frequency of Pinus, Taxo some higher horizons. Namely, the diaceae and Polyadosporites are 10%, 7% boreal, warm and cooler temperate ele and 6.5,% respectively. Evergreen ments are 9%, 19% and 72% respec Quercus, Gramin~ae, Nympaceae, Lyco tively. The upland, mixed-slope and podium and Osmunda are common (5% stream-side elements are 21%, 42% and to 6%). 37% respectively. The boreal, warm and temperate ele ments are respectively 9%, 16% and Sample 7c: This sample is from the 75%. In connection with the palaeogeo well drilled at Locality No. 7 situated graphical environment the stream-side about 100 meters north of the Wakura andjor riparian, upland and mixed-slope Station. The depth of the sample is elements are 34%, 52% and 14% respec 14.50-14.77 meters below the present tively. ground surface. The sample yielded three genera and one family of Gymno Sample 7b: From this sample, of sperm (15%), 13 genera and two sub which the locality is similar to Lolality genera of Dicotyledon (38%), two genera No. 7, Pinus is abundant; being 10%. and one family of Monocotyledon (12%), The genera of common frequency are three genera of Pteridophyta and two Taxodiaceae, Alnus, Gramineae, Pte1·idium genera belonging to the plants lower and Polyadosporites, being about 6% to 548. Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Noto-I 13 7'}6. Picea, Abies, Fagus, Salix, deciduous to that of Sample 3. Quercus, Betula, Acer, Liquidambar, Per Tilia, Pinus, deciduous Quercus, Car sicaria, Nuphar,Lycopodium and Osmunda pinus and Pleuricelloesporites are abun are of rare frequency, and the other dant in relative frequency. The boreal, genera are very few. Gymnosperm in temperate and warm climatic elements cludes Pinus, Picea, Abies, Larix and are 11%, 11% and 78% in relative fre Taxodiaceae (about 20%). Dicotyledon quency. containing mainly Alnus, Myriophyllum In the connection with the palaeoeco and Liquidambar etc., Monocotyledon and logical environment the stream-side Pteridophyta respectively 44'}6, 10% and andjor riparian, upland and mixed-slope 8;'6. The boreal, temperate and warm components are 35'}6, 10% and 55% re elements are respectively 16%, 8'}6 and spectively. 76%. The upland, mixed-slope and stream Sample 7a: This sample, of which side components are 18%, 50% and 32% the locality is similar to Locality No. 7, respectively. yielded: Pinus is abundant (10'}6). The It is noteworthy that the relative fre other genera showing a high frequency quency of the warm climatic elements except for Pinus are Alnus and Polyado such as Liquidambar and evergreen sporites (9%). All of the Taxodiaceae, Quercus which occurred from the hori Salix and Nuphar are common (4';6 to zons higher than that of Sample 7b is 6%). Liquidambar (2%) represents a lower than that of the other horizons. warm climate together with the ever In the horizon lower than that Sample green Quercus. All of Picea, Abies, 7b the warm climatic elements show Fagus and Betula, which grow under a frequency higher than that of the cold climate cooler than that of the present andjor cooler climatic elements. day Hokuriku region, are 2'}6 in relative frequency. Gymnosperm contains three Sample 3: The composite sample is genera and one family (17';6), Monoco from Locality No. 3, situated at about tyledon has one genus and two families 500 meters northerneast of the Wakure (11%), Dicotyledon comprises 11 genera Station. and two subgenera (57';6), Pteridophyta Pinus and deciduous Quercus are and five other genera, amount to about abundant (10% to 12.5%). Taxodiaceae, 15%. The warm, temperate and cold Ulmus, Zelkova, Carpinus and Tilia are climatic elements are respectively 7%, of common (5%) without Carpinus which 83% and 10%. In respect to the palaeo is about 6% in frequency. The other ecological environment, the upland, genera and families are rare (less than mixed-slope and stream-side components 3%). are 21%, 51% and 28% respectively. The cold, temperate and warm climatic elements are 11.7% and 82% respectively. Sample 8c: With respect to the as The upland, mixed-slope and riparian semblage of specimens found from this andjor stream-side components are re sample which is from about 15 meters spectively 17%, 55'}6 and 28'}6. below the present ground surface in Locality No. 8, the Gymnosperm contain Sample 8d: The stratigraphical hori ing four genera and one family (20%); zon of this sample is similar probably the Dicotyledon 20 genera and two sub- 14 Norio FUJI genera (61%), the Monocotyledon one The boreal (A), warm (B) and tem genera and two families (8%), and the perate (C) climatic elements are respec- . Pteridophyta and the others amount to tively 24%, 7% and 69%. And also, the 11%. upland, mixed-slope and stream-side The warm, temperate and cold climatic components are respectively 19%, 55% components are 9%, 81% and 10;?6 re and 26%. spectively, and the upland, stream-side andjor riparian and mixed:slope elements San~ple Sa: The sample is from the respectively 14%, 32% .and 54.%. well drilled at Locality No. 8 situated northwest of the Wakura Station. The Sample 8b: This. sample yielded depth of the sample is some 5 meters twenty two genera, two subgenera and below the present ground surface. three families; namely, four genera and Among the pollen grains and spores one family of Gymnosperm (20%); Mono found from the sample, Gymnosperm cotyledon one genera and two families attains 18%, Monocotyledon 12%, Dico -(15%); Dicotyledon 16 genera and two tyledon 54%, Pteridophyta 12% and the subgenera (43%); Pteridophyta three others 4%. Pinus, Gramineae and Car genera (10%) and the other group gave pinus are abundant (8% to 10%); juglans, a frequency of 12%. The boreal clim Castanea, Stylax and Persicaria are com atic plants such as Picea, Abies, Larix mon (6% to 8%); the boreal, warm and cand Betula amounted to 16%, the plants temperate elements are respectively 8%, which grow in the temperate climatic 7% and 85%, and the stream-side andjor region 76% and the warm climatic ele riparian, mixed-slope and upland ele ments 8%. With respect to the palaeo ments are 44;?6, 42;?6 and 14%. It is ecological environment the upland, noteworthy that the stream-side andjor mixed-slope and stream-side or riparian riparian components such as Salix, Celtis, elements are respectively 17%, 58% and juglans, Pterocarya, Styrax and Liqui 25%. dambar etc. are more common than the mixed-slope and upland elements. Sample 4: The mixed sample from Locality No.4, where situated about 1 km Sample 5: The mixed sample is col north of the Wakura Station, belongs to lected from Locality No. 5 at about 200 the middle horizon of the Wakura metres south of the Wakura Station. Member. This sample belongs to the middle part This sample yielded four genera and of the upper horizon of the Wakura one family of the Gymnosperm (27% in Member. total frequency), 19 genera and two sub The upland, mixed-slope andstre am genera of Dicotyledon (46%), one genus side elements are respectively 20%, 35% of Monocotyledon (5%), three genera of and 45%. The cold, warm and temperate Pteridophyta (4%) and two genera of climatic elements contain 18%, 7% and the other lower plants. 75% respectively. Among the pollen grains and spores The Gymnosperm including Pinus, from the sample, Pinus is abundant Picea, Abies and Larix (23% in relative ·(13%), deciduous Quercus and Carpinus frequency), Monocotyledon (18%), Dico are common (7% and 6% respectively), tyledon (42%), Pteridophyta (10%) and .and the others ar~ rare or f~w (1% to 5%). others (7%) are found. Pinus, Taxo- 548. Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Noto-I 15 diaceae, Salix, Persicaria and Gramineae analysed for a palynological research. represent the pollen-flora of Sample 5. The Wakura-eki shell bed (NI'INO & Sample 6: The mixed sample from YAMADA, 1946) occupies the lower part Locality No. 6, where situated at about (mudstone in rock-facies) of the Okuhara 500 meters west of the Wakura Station, Member. The horizon of this Sample 6 belongs to the uppermost horizon of the is just under to the unconformity sepa Wakura Member. At this locality the rating member mention ed above. Pleistocene Okuhara Member overlies The pollen-flora of Sample 6 is repre with unconformity the Wakura diato sented by Pinus, Gramineae, Taxodiaceae maceous mudstone Member and was and Salix (11%, 10%, 8.5% and 8% re- A I X 50% 50% k ' •5 7c .,;,ab • Bdac ~· . '7;;•Sa •I ·2 \ I \ B 5o% c Fig. 6. Pollen diagram (3) : Triangular diagram showing the relationship between cold & cool climatic, temperate climatic and warm climatic elements found from several samples of the Wakura diatomaceous mudstone Member. Numbers refer to Figs. 1 and 3. a: Yamatoda Member, b: Sunagozaka Member, e: Hojuji Member, f: l'ida Member, h: present deposit of Lagoon Hojozu.gata, i: Nakayama-toge Member, j: Hijirikawa Member, k: Takakubo Member, 1: Omma Member. A: cold & cool climatic element, B: warm climatic element, C: temperate climatic element. 16 Norio FUJ/ spectively). The Gymnosperm (one 100% family and four genera in this sample) attains 24.5%, Monocotyledon (two families 18%, Dicotyledon (ten genera \ and one family) 43.5%, Pteridophyta \ (three genera) 10% and the other (two genera) 4%. In respect to the palaeoecological en vironment, the upland, mixed-slope and stream-side andjor riparian elements are respectively 18%, 42% and 40% in rela tive frequency. 0 (4) Discussion 0 From analysis of the pollen grains and spores a general interpretation can be made of the physical conditions prevail ing during growth of the sedimentary basin in which they were found. In this section, the writer will discuss on the palaeoclimatic condition, palaeographical environment and geological age of the stratigraphical units based upon the microfossils. (a) Palaeoclimatic Condition 100% The pollen grain and spore assem Fig. 7. Pollen diagram (4): Quadri blages have been analysed and from the lateral diagram showing the palaeoclimatic results the general characters of the condition and palaeoecological environment during the sedimentation of the Wakura palaeoclimatic condition can be present diatomaceous mudstone Member. Numbers ed. The methods for analysing assem refer to Figs. 1 and 3. a: Yamatoda Mem blages for palaeoclimatic interpretation ber, b: Sunagozaka Member, c: Higashi have been developed by ERDTMAN, in'nai Member, d: Najimi Member, e: Ho F AEGRI and IVERSEN, besides palyno juji Member, f: l'ida Member, g: Wakura logists, and the writer has used another Member, h: I•izuka Member, i: Nakayama method for palaeoclimatic analysis of toge Member, j: Hijirikawa Member, k: his palynological researches on the Neo Takakubo Member, 1: Omma Member. gene Tertiary and Holocene deposits developed along the coastal region of According to the writer's investigation, Japan Sea, and reported that the results as shown in the triangular diagram (Fig. agreed well with the climatic indications 6), the warm and subtropical plants such deduced by the other methods (Fun, as Liquidambar and Metasequoia from 1964 & 1966). The methods used by the the Wakura Member is far less in num present writer are classified into a ber of specimens than from the Yama warmth index, triangular andjor quadri toda and Sunagozaka Members which lateral diagrams. correspond to the Daijima stage, namely, 548. Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Nota-l 17 the latter yielded 61% to 85% in average are shown in Table 2. According to this for the total specimens, and the former table, the Wakura pollen flora consists 8% to 16%. The present result is closely mainly of temperate genera, with warm similar to the analytical results on the climatic elements commonly associated. pollen and spore assemblages from the The dominant genera among the tem Hojuji and l'ida Members studied pre perate ones are Alnus, Fagus, Castanea, viously (Fun, 1966). With respect to Quercus, Ulmus, Zelkova, Acer and Tilia. the relative frequency of warm and sub The modern species equivalent to them, tropical elements found throughout this according to TANAI (1961), are mostly member, the higher the horizon is, the distributed in Japan proper, especially Jess the frequency becomes. However, from Central Japan to Kyushu. How on the contrary in respect to the cool ever, some of them are rather luxuriantly and cold elements, the higher the hori distributed in Northern Honshu and zon is, the more the frequency becomes. Hokkaido. Further, the pollen flora some The relationship between the temperate, times contains many exotic conifers such warm and cold elements is illustrated in as Cunninghamia, Taiwania, Metasequoia, Fig. 9. Glyptostrobus and Liquidambar of the Comparison between the fossil plants Dicotyledons, though they are not abun and similar living equivalents whose dant in number of specimens and are climatic requirements are known is fre rather relicts which survived from the quently used for climatic analysis of a previous Yamatoda and Sunagozaka fossil flora. Where the modern relation pollen floras. Such presumption regard ships are known definitely, this method ingthe climatic conditions is supported by is probably useful for accurate informa the fact that the pollen flora frequently tion. The Neogene Tertiary species are contains the warm climatic elements. comparatively modernized in morpho Thus, according to the writer's re logical features, so it is not difficult to searches, the pollen flora of the W akura compare them with Jiving equivalents Member comprises temperate and warm with some exceptions. The genera com climatic elements mingled in floristic prising the Neogene flora in Japan are composition as already described in the mostly distributed now in East Asia, previous part of this work. From the and nearly all of the temperate Dico viewpoint of leaf character analysis re tyledonous genera in the fossil flora are ported on the Late Miocene floras from now growing in Japanese Islands. How various localities by T ANAl (1961) the ever, exotic genera are sometimes com Wakura pollen flora is related to the monly contained in the fossil flora. The present temperate or somewhat tem exotic coniferous genera such as Jo.;feta perate forest in Central and Southern sequoia, Glyptostrobus, Sequoia, Pseudo Japan, and they seem to have grown larix and Keteleeria are found through under a warm temperate climatic condi out the Neogene flora of Japan, and tion. However, the reduction of warm they are mostly living now in China, and subtropical plants evidently indicates and some of them are known in the that the temperature had lowered in western part of North America. The comparison with that of the Daijima stage. nearest living equivalents of the pollen floras from thd Wakura Member and (b) Palaeogeographical Environment their modern distribution in East Asia To facilitate the considerations on the 1-l Table 2. Modern equivalents o£ the fossil microplants from the Wakura diatomaceous mudstone Member. 00 Japan China Fossil Modern equivalent Habitat Near fossil macroplants 1 7 1 8 microplants macroplants 4 5 6 9 12 13 _:_j__3__ ---- ~~~ ~- - - - Pinus P. palaeopentaphylla P. parviflora X X X u Abies A. protojirma A. firma X X X X M Pice a P. kaneharai P. polita X X X u P. jessoensis P. jessoensis X X X X M P. koribai P. excelsa M Larix u Taxodiaceae Cun. protokonishii C. konish!i X u Gly. europaeus G. pensilis X R M. glyptostroboides X M Met. occidentalis I Seq. afjinis S. sempervirens M Tai. japonica T. cryptomeroides X X X u Tax. dubium T. distichum R ~ Fagus F. palaeocrenata F. crenata X X X X X M~U "'! F. protojaponica F. serrata X X X X M ~· X X X X X Ulmus U. protojaponica U. japonica X X X R ':tj U. protolaciniata U. laciniata X X X X X X X M U. subparvifolia U. parvifolia X X X X M ~...... Salix S. k-suzukii S. jessoensis X X X R I Quercus Q. salicina X X X X X M (evergre.) Q. protosalicina Quercus Q. crispula X X X X X X X X M (non e.g.) Q. miocrispula X Q. protodentata Q. dentata X X X X X X X X X X X M Q. protoserrata Q. serrata X X X X X X X X X X M~R Alnus A. miojaponica A. japonica X X X X X X X R A. protohirsuta A. hirsuta X X X X X X I M~R A. protomaximowicziana A. maximowicziana X X X X X U ]uglans ]. nipponica ]. ailanthifolia X X X X X X u Celtis C. nathorsti C. jessoensis X X X X X X M C. nordenskioldii C. occidentalis M Betula B. miomaximowicziana B. maximowicziana X X X M~U B. grossa X ! X I M I B. onbaraensis X I X I I B. protoermanni B. ermanni X X I X : X 1 M~U B. protoglobispica B. globispica X ! X i i I I I i I M 1 B. protojaponica i3. japon!ca X X X I M Pterocarya i P. nipponica P. rhoifolia X X X X X X I 'M~R P. asymmetrosa P. paliurus X I R P. protostenoptera P. stenoptera X x~~~~ X R Cory! us M Acer A. nordenskiiildi A. palmatum X M I X ! X i X ..__~ A. palaeodiabolicum A. diabolicum X X X I X M Co A. palaeorujinerve A. rujinerve X j X X ; X M A. protojaponicum A. japonicum X X X X I X M A. protosieboldianum A. sieboldianum X ! X X X X M ~ 0 I X X A. prototrijidium A. trijidium I I M <:':> A. pseudocarpinifolium A. carpinifolium ' X X X i X I M "" A. submayri A. mono X I X X X : X X X I X X M "' , I I ~ A. svbpictum A. mono X X X X X M ~ I X I X : X I X R. Castanea C. miocrnata C. crenata X l X X X X M Cary a C. miocathayensis C. cathayensis X X M .,.....~ Z. ungeri Z. serrata X X X X j X X X Zelkova M <:':> Menyanthes R ~ Styrax S. protoobassia S. obassia X I X X i X X X X ' X M 1 ~ S. japonica S. japonica X X X X X X X X M 0 Carpinus I C. miocenica C. laxiflora X X X X X ' X M ~ C. nipponica ! C. lanceolata X X M .,.... ~ C. stenophylla 1 C. carpinoides I X X X X M <:':> C. cordata X X 1 X X i X 1 C. subcordata X ! X X I X I I X I M~R I X I ~ C. subyedoensis C. tchonoskii I X X X , X I X I M~R <:':> 0 Tilia I T. distans T. amuraensis X X X M 100% seems to represent a mixed-slope to riparian forest. For instance, the mixed slope plants amount to 44% in frequency on average, stream-side and riparian plants 30% and the remainder of upland plants. On the other hand, judging from the lithofacies, poor contents of plank tonic foraminifers, fossil diatom assem blages and diversity in the thickness of the deposits, the sea under which the Wakura Member was deposited during I the Neogene Tertiary seems to have 0 0 been a more or less closed embayment in the Wakura area 6f central part of Noto Peninsula, though the sea in southern part of Noto Peninsula widened during the Late Miocene age. The spread of this semi-opened sea is shown in Fig. 10. The friq uency of grass-pollen grains. and spores have been generally accepted to be related to the geographical en vironments. Accordingly, such presump ! tion on the marine terrain is supported by that the frequency of the grass-pollen 100% Fig. 8. Pollen diagram (5) : Quadri grains and spores ranges from 36% to lateral diagram showing the relationship 50% in the Wakura Member, though between cold & temperate climatic and from 26% in the Hijirikawa to 46% in warm climatic elements, stream & riparian the l'izuka Members. and upland & mixed-slope elements found from several samples of the Wakura diato (c) Geological Age maceous mudstone Member. Numbers refer In the japanese Islands the correlation to Figs. 1 and 3. and age determination of the Tertiary floras have been frequently made by the probable ecological environments under use of several characteristic fossils and which some ancient plants lived, the assemblages. The Neogene flora of modern equivalents of the fossil species japan has been described by Y ABE and are grouped according to their habitats, ENDO, SUZUKI, T ANAl and many other namely; four types of upland, mixed authors, and consequently the floristic slope, stream-side or riparian, and lake composition of each flora is compara or marshy elements. tively well known at present. On the The Wakura p·ollen flora is mainly basis of these researches, TANAI (1961} comprised of mixed-slope or mixed classified the Neogene floras of japan slope-riparian plants in number of into six types, considering the floristic specimens, and also contains upland composition and components, along with mixed-slope plants. Namely, this flora the geological ages indicated by them. 548. Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Noto-I 21 r I ) ; ) ~ \ \ 30 40 50 60 70 80% 10 20 30 40 50 60% o:A, X :B, o:C, •:Upland, o:mixed-slope, "'Stream-side a riparian Fig. 9. Pollen diagram (6) : Figure showing the relationship between cold & cool climatic, temperate climatic, warm climatic, upland, mixed-slope and riparian elements found from several samples of the Wakura diatomaceous mudstone Member. Numbers refer to Figs. 1 and 3. These types are in ascending order the floras. It is commonly found in the Late Ainoura (Earliest Miocene), Aniai (Early Miocene floras of Europe and in the Miocene), Daijima (Middle Miocene), western part of the United States where Mitoku (Late Miocene to Mio-Pliocene), the modernized plants are dominant. Shinjo (Early Pliocene) and Akashi (Late Thus, in comparison with various floras Pliocene) types. of the Neogene in japan and from the The Wakura pollen flora is very viewpoint of its stratigraphical evidences similar in generic composition to the the Wakura pollen flora can be nearly Mitoku-type flora. It contains a few correlated with the Mitoku-type flora, and exotic elements which are found abup the geochronological position of the W'a dantly in the Noroshi and Yama:i:oda kura Member seems to be Late Miocene. 22 Norio FUJI References Cited AoKI, T. (1956) : Geological Study of the Nanao-Tatsuruhama District, Ishikawa Prefecture (MS). Graduation Thesis of the Kanazawa Univ., 46 p., 7 text-figs.,. 2 tabs., 8 pis. -37"N BAcHMAi'::-.:, A. (1962) : The Silicoftagellides. in the Wakura Beds, Nanao City, Prefec / ._ __ 1______.... - ture Ishikawa, Japan. Sci. Rept., Kana zawa Univ., 8, 1, pp. 161-175, 4 figs., 10· pis. CouPER, R. A. (1953) : Upper Mesozoic and Cainozoic Spores and Pollen Grains from New Zealand. New Zealand Geol. Surv. 137" E Paleont. Bull. 22, 77 p., 3 text-figs., 3- Fig. 10. The Palaeogeographical map tabs., 9 pis. during the sedimentation of the Wakura ERDTMAi':, G. (1954) : An Introduction to· diatomaceous mudstone Member (the Oto Pollen Analysis. 239 p., 15 text-figs., 10 gawa stage of Late Miocene age) (After tabs., 28 pis., Chronica Botanica Comp. Y. KASENO, 1963). FAEGRI, K. and IvERSEN, T. (1964) : Text- Explanation of Plate 1 Fig. 1: Pice a; Locality 3; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20019. Fig. 2: Abies; Locality 8, Horizon b; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20020. Fig. 3: Taxodiaceae; Locality 7, Horizon a; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20021. Fig. 4: Podocarpus; Locality 7, Horizon d; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20022. Fig. 5: Tsuga; Locality 6; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20023. Fig. 6: Tilia; Locality 8, Horizon d; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20024 Fig. 7: Betula; Locality 4; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20025. Fig. 8: Podocarpus; Locality 6; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20026. Fig. 9: Zelkova; Locality 8, Horizon c; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20027. Fig. 10: Cfr. Zelkova; Locality 7, Horizon b; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20028. Fig. 11: Cary a; Locality 8, Horizon g; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20029. Fig. 12: Cary a; Locality 8, Horizon d; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20030. Fig. 13: Aff. Cary a; Locality 3; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20031. Fig. 14: Carya; Locality 3; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20032. Fig. 15: Carya; Locality 4; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20033. Fig. 16: Alnus; Locality 1; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20034. Fig. 17: Pterocarya; Locality 5; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20035. Fig. 18: Salix; Locality 8, Horizon c; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20036. Fig. 19: Salix; Locality 7, Horizon b; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20037. Fig. 20: Salix; Locality 8, Horizon g; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20038. Fig. 21: Castanea; Locality 7, Horizon a; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20039. Fig. 22: Quercus (small), evergreen Quercus; Locality 4; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20040. Fig. 23: Fagus; Locality 7, Horizon a; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20041. Fig. 24: Nyssa; Locality 2; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20042. Fig. 25: Nyssa; Locality 4; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20043. Fig. 26: Quercus (large), deciduous Quercus; Locality 6; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20044. Fig. 27: Quercus (large), deciduous Quercus; LocaJity 6; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20045. Fig. 28: Quercus (large), deciduous Quercus; Locality 5; EKZJ .coli. cat. no. 20046. fi'VJJ: Fossil Spo1·es a~(l Poll(!?'/, Gmi?~s fro?n the Neogene of Noto I Plate 1 2 3 0 7 5 G 10 11 12 13 15 16 . . e 19 18 20 21 22 17 aae~w ~·[II 26 27 28 23 24 '~!1 51· ' 548. Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Noto-I 23 book of Pollen Analysis. 237 p., 23 text warzystwa Naukowego, Trauaux de la figs., 8 pis., Munksgaard. Societie des Sciences at des Lettres de FUJI, N., IcHIKAWA, W. and BACHMANN, A. Wroclaw, Ser. B, 96, pp. 1-108, 5 text (1964) : Fossil Diatoms, Pollen Grains figs., 3 tabs., 57 pis. and Spores, Silicoflagellates and Arachaeo NIINO, H. and YAMADA, M. (1949): On the monads in the Miocene Hojuji Diato Wakura-eki and Amadani Shell Beds in maceous Mudstone, Noto Peninsula, Cen Noto Peninsula. Miscellaneous Inst. Nat_ tral Japan. Sci. Rept. Kanazawa Univ., Res., 27, pp. 37-41, 8 text-figs. 9, 1, pp. 25-118, 30 text-figs., 3 tabs., 15 NISHIJIMA, T. (1958): The Geological Study pis. of the Sakiyama District, Noto Peninsula, -- (1965) : Palynological Studies on the Central Japan (MS). Graduation Thesis. Late Tertiary and Quaternary Systems of the Kanazawa Univ., 75 p., 11 text in Hokuriku District, Central Japan. fig., 7 tabs., 5 pis., 12 photos. Quaternary Research, 4, 3-4, pp. 183-190, SHIMAKURA, M. (1956) : Pollenstratigraphical 5 text-figs., 1 tab. Studies of the Japanese Cenozoic Forma -- and BAcHMANN, A. (1968) : Fossile tion-!-. Bull. Nara Gakugei Univ., 6, Pollen, Sporen und Silicofiagellaten aus 2, pp. 57-64, 7 text-figs. den Hijirikawa-Schichten (Obermiozlin) -- (1957) : Pollenstratigraphical Studies of der Halbinsel Noto, Zentral-Japan. Bull. the Japanese Cenozoic Formations -II-. Fac. Educat. Kanazawa Univ., 17, S. 41- The Harakawa Formation of the Nijo 56, 7 Abb., 2 Tab. Group. Ibid., 1, 2, pp. 35-42, 3 text-figs., HoKuRIKu QuATERNARY RESEARCH GROUP 1 tab., 1 pl. (1967) : Quaternary Deposits in the Vic -- (1959) : Pollenstratigraphical Studies of inity of Nanao, Noto Peninsula, Central the Japanese Cenozoic Formations -III-. Japan. jour. Geol. Soc. japan, 73, 1, pp. The Kobe Group and the Akashi Group. 495-510, 13 text-figs., 5 tabs. Ibid., 8, 2, pp. 65-75, 4 text-figs., 4 tabs .• IcHIKAWA, W. (1960): On the Fossil Marine 2 pis. Diatoms in the Wakura Beds, Noto Pen -- (1960) : Pollenstratigraphical Studies of insula, Japan. Sci. Rept. Kanazawa Univ., the Japanese Cenozoic Formations -IV- 7, 1, pp. 175-214, 1 text-fig., 1 tab., 9 pis. The Nishigawa Oil Field, Niigata Prefec -- and KAsENO, Y. (1963) : Diatomaceous ture and the Ningyotoge Uranium Mine, Deposits of Noto, Japan. 45 p., 5 text Chugoku District. Ibid., 9, 2, pp. 33-42, figs., 3 pis., 4 geol. maps, Ishikawa-ken. 2 text-figs., 2 tabs., 2 pis. KAsENo, Y. (1963) : Geology of Southern -- (1963) : Pollenstratigraphical Studies of Noto Peninsula, Central Japan, with Re the Japanese Cenozoic Formations-VI-. ference to the Cenozoic History. Sci. The Jigokudani Formation. Ibid., II 1, 2. Rept. Kanazawa Univ., 8, 2, pp. 541-568, text-figs., 3 tabs., 2 pis. 11 text-figs., 1 tab., 4 pis. TANAI, T. (1961): Neogene Floral Change· MAcKo, S. (1957) : Pollen Grains and Spores in Japan. jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., from Miocene Brown Coals in Lower Series IV, II, 2, pp. 119-398, 7 text-figs., Silesia -I-. Prace Wroclawskiego To- 15 tabs., 32 pis. Ainoura m im Himi :7]( ~ Akashi a}! 1::i Hiradoko -o/· Akaura 'i)f; im Hojuji r.tH.± *;;'f Anamizu ...... 1'- Hosoguchi *Ill r:l Aniai ll•if t *{'i I•izuka fiJi J.j A Daijima n 1ih Ishizaki {:i Hijirikawa ~ Jll Iwaya ~~ ·~lft1 24 Norio FUJI Kamitako J: ru .:r Mt. Sekid6-san i::i !WJ LiJ K6da (o] LU Nakayama-toge f:j:ILIJilif; Kojima + !Ih Nanao -t ~ Mitoku t'lr. Nishiminato l§ ~ Mt. Bij6-zan }§ Jt LIJ Noto Explanation of Plate 2 Fig. 29: Pinus; Locality 6; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20047. Fig. 30: Pinus; Locality 8; Horizon b; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20048. Fig. 31 : Pinus; Locality 2; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20049. Fig. 32: Pinus; Locality 7, Horizon c; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20050. Fig. 33: Pinus; Locality 8, Horizon e; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20051. Fig. 34: Pinus; Locality 4; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20052. Fig. 35: Pinus; Locality 7, Horizon c; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20053. Fig. 36: Pinus; Locality 2; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20054. Fig. 37: Abies; Locality 3; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20055. Fig. 38: Pinus; Locality 8, Horizon d; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20056. Fig. 39: Pinus; Locality 7, Horizon c; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20053. Fig. 40: Pinus; Locality 2; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20054. Fig. 41: Pinus; Locality 7, Horizon a; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20057. Fig. 42: Persicaria; Locality 4; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20058. Fig. 43: Spore, gen. indet. ; Locality 4; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20059. Fig. 44: Monosulcopollenites; Locality 4; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20060. Fig. 45: PleuricellaesPorites; Locality 7, Horizon c; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20061. Fig. 46: Monosulcopollenites; Locality 5; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20062. Fig. 47: Triadosporites; Locality 8, Horizon c; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20063. Fig. 48: Pleuricellaesporites; Locality 5; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20064. Fig. 49: Jnapertisporites; Locality 3; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20065. Fig. 50: Pleuricellaesporites; Locality 6; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20066. Fig. 51: Trilate type spore, gen. indet.; Locality 6; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20067. Fig. 52: Trilate type spore, gen. indet.; Locality 5; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20068. Fig. 53: Lycopodium; Locality 3; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20069. Fig. 54: Tricolporopollenites; Locality 8, Horizon d; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20070. Fig. 55: Tricolporopollenites; Locality 7, Horizon c; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20071. Fig. 56: Tricolporopollenites; Locality 8, Horizon d; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20072. Fig. 57: Castanea; Locality 4; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20073. Fig. 58: Tricolporopollenites; Locality 1; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20074. Fig. 59: Tricolporopollenites; Locality 4; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20075. Fig. 60: Tricolporopollenites; Locality 8, Horizon d; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20076. Fig. 61: Acer; Locality 7, Horizon e; EKZJ coli. can. no. 20077. Fig. 62: Castanea; Locality 6; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20078. Fig. 63: Pollen grain ( ?) ; Locality 8, Horizon c; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20079. Fig. 64: Cory ius; Locality 6; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20080. Fig. 65: Tilia; Locality 8, Horizon a; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20081. Fig. 66: Cary a; Locality 6; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20082. (Figs. 30-32, 37-38, 41-44, 47, 49, 51-53, 64-65 are measured by a right scale, 20 p, and the -other figs. by a left scale, 15 p. All specimens illustrated are kept in the Institute of Earth Science, Kanazawa University) FUJI : Fossil Spores a1~d Poll e1~ Grains fro?n the Neo oe1~e of Nato I Plate 2 31 32 33 34 35 36 39 tlO " 38 41 49 Sl 52 53 47 118 50 ' ' {j S~l 60 :i7 58 54 • 55 :)6 62 6l ,_ _ ,1 51' 1 20 " · ~·--- ' 548. Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Noto-I 25 Noto-jima ii~ ~ Jfb Suso ~ lit Okuhara ~ }]{ Takashina ~ Jli!1 6sugi-zaki *~~ill~ Tokuda f!lij Ill Otogawa ""'13 ill Tsukada ~ Ill Sakiyama ill Wakura ;fr:J J§r Sanami 1ti:"'~ r&: Wakura-eki ;fr:J J§r ~ Shinjo mr /£ Yamatoda ill? III Sunagozaka fl') -T~ Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 73, pp. 26-31, pl. 3, April 30, 1969 549. OCCURRENCE OF TUTCHERIA FROM THE LOWER JURASSIC OF WEST JAPAN* ITARU HAYAMI Department of Geology, Kyushu University ® [] :;{Cf}m /"'" 7 *cJil iJ, G Tutcheria (.7) 1}1;:/±', : Tutcheria Cox, 1946 v'i Carditidae c Astartidae (.7)~il&~3lfth.(illf;t.Q::::. c -c·f.a!l'* Tutcheria is an interesting bivalve new species of Tutcheria in his collec genus, because it has both the characters tion, and the result of examination is. of the Carditidae and the Astartidae. It reported here. An interpretation on the was proposed by Cox (1946) for nine systematic position of Tutcheria is also European species, some of which had presented. This is probably. the first been referred to Cardium, Cardita, !so· report for the occurrence of this genus. cardia or Anisocardia. Its known dis in a region outside western Europe. tribution is almost restricted strati· Before going further, I wish to record graphically to the Lower Jurassic my sincere thanks to Prof. Tatsuro (mainly Hettangian to Pliensbachian) MATSUMOTO of the Kyushu University and geographically to western Europe, for his kind instruction and supervision although an Upper Triassic carditid of this manuscript and to the late Dr. from east Siberia, Cardita cloacina sibirica Leslie Reginald Cox of the British KIPARISOVA, 1966, may belong to this Museum (Natural History) for his kind genus. information about European Jurassic In the course of his geologic survey bivalves including the genus in question. for the graduation thesis Mr. Masataka Acknowledgements are also due to Mr. ITO, a student of the Kyushu University Masataka ITo of the Bulldozer Engineer 1962-1966, collected many fossil bivalves ing Company of Osaka for his kind from the Higashinagano formation of supply of the material and some un the Toyora group in the Ishimachi area published data. of Yamaguchi Prefecture. Most of them belong to the already described species by YEHARA (1921) and HAY AMI (1958, Description and discussions 1959), but some seem to represent unde· Order Veneroida scribed species. Recently I have found a Superfamily Carditoidea * Received Oct. 18, 1968; read Nov. 30, Family Carditidae FLEMING, 1829 1968 at Shizuoka. Genus Tutcheria Cox, 1946 26 549. Tutcheria from the Jurassic 27 Type-species.-Cardium submulticost- 1850) of the Astartidae have peculiar atum D'ORBIGNY, 1850 (=Cardium multi divaricated sculpture, they are certainly costatum PHILIPS, 1829, non BROCCHI), unrelated to Tutcheria. The sculpture of Middle Lias, western Europe. (original Ensio does not correspond with the· designation) marginal crenulation but is probably a Discussions.-The genus Tutcheria is, modification of concentric ribs. as defined clearly in the original diagnosis, 2) In view of the presence of distinct characterized by the small size, numer marginal crenulation in the adult shells. ous radial riblets (or threads) inter of many astartids, it might be presumed rupted by some widely spaced imbricating that certain radial shell structure re growth lamellae, denticulate ventral lated to the crenulation would be con margin in accordance with the radial cealed in the interior of shells. WRIGLEY ornament and Astarte-like dentition as (1946, pp. 11, 18), however, denying the AI 3b PI (Pill) truth of this presumption, clarified that formulated: AICZ4b- -:PlC' The ab- no radial shell structure is visible in sence of the teeth 3a and Alii and the several species of fossil Astarte from the tubercular shape of both lateral teeth Eocene London Clay, though such a are noteworthy. structure was said to be common in the Notwithstanding the fact that the ex Crassatellidae. It is probably the same ternal morphology of this genus recalls with the Mesozoic species of Astarte and strongly that of the Carditidae such as many genera of the Astartidae. I have Palaeocardita, Pseudocardia, Glans and sometimes etched the test of fossil Venericardia, the hinge structure, espe astartids with dilute HCI in order tO· cially the presence of anterior lateral observe the internal structure, but have teeth, is similar to that of the Astartidae. never seen any radial structure in the Cox (1946, pp. 36-37) laid stress on the course of etching. It may be, therefore, resemblance of hinge structure between concluded that Tutcheria is fundament Tutcheria and astartids, suggesting the arily different from the Astartidae not derivation of the former from the same only in the surface ornamentation but ancestral stock which gave rise also to also in the structure of shell. the latter. He did not mention which 3) Anterior and posterior lateral teeth family Tutcheria should be referred to, are commonly well developed in the but from his discussion this genus was Astartidae, especially in the Mesozoic evidently regarded as more closely related species, although in some species they to the Astartidae than to the Carditidae. tend to be weakened through the growth. In relation to the taxonomic and phy On the other hand they are scarcely logenetic problem of Tutcheria, I think seen in the adult individuals of Cardita that the following facts and acknowledged and V enericardia from the Cenozoic and opinions should be taken into consider Recent. However, the absence of lateral ation. teeth does not necessarily serve as a 1 l Such a strong radial ornamentation diagnostic criterion for the· Carditidae_ is very common in the Carditidae but For example, many species of the genus. unknown at all in any described species Palaeocardita CONRAD, 1867, from the of the Astartidae. Although some species Triassic (BITTNER, 1895) and an aberrant of the genus Ensio Cox, 1962 (type species of "Pseudocardia " from the species: Ptychomya agasszzi LYCETT, Lower Cretaceous (HAY AMI, 1965, p. 79} 28 Itaru HAYAMI have distinct posterior lateral teeth. similar to Carditella, but the former Furthermore, ·in some Cenozoic and differs from the latter in the worse Recent species of the genus Glans developed cardinal tooth 3a and more MEGERLE VON MUHLFELD, 1811 (type prosogyrous umbo. species: Chama trapezia LINNAEUS, 1758) Eventually I am inclined to conclude there are weak traces of anterior lateral .that Tutcheria may have been derived teeth AI and All. from a certain common root of the BERNARD (1895) and DOUVILLE (1913, Carditidae and the Astartidae but that 1921) explained successfully the evolution it had better be referred, if anything, to of heterodont hinge teeth on the basis the Carditidae as done by some previous of ontogenetical development of some authors and recently by VoKES (1967, living and fossil species; According to p. 257). It is interesting to see that them, the cardinal teeth of .. heterodont Cardita cloacina sibirica KIPARISOVA, bivalves are nothing but the.products by 1966, from the Norian of east Siberia has the terminal thickening of anterior lateral Tutcheria-iike concentric rings on the teeth. It is rather reasonable to interpret surface. Further discovery of the direct that in early . ontogenetical stage there ancestors of Tutcheria in the Triassic are anterior lateral teeth in all the species would make its systematic position more of heterodont bivalves. The cardinal distinct. teeth 3a and 2 of the Carditidae and Astartidae are, of course, considered to be originated from the. anterior lateral Tutcheria itoi sp. nov. teeth Alii and All respectively, regard Pl. 3. figs. 1-5 less the condition that the anterior laterals may or may not be persistent in the Material.-The holotype (GK. G6882) is adult shells. Anyhow, the strength and an external mould of left valve from the persistence of anterior lateral teeth are lower part of the Higashinagano for regarded as changeable from species to mation at Joe. It. 108, Higashinagano. species in these· families. In Tutcheria Six paratypes (GK:· G6860-GK. G6865) the cardinal tooth 3a aml.. the lateral from the same locality. tooth Alii are actually ·not· demarcated Diagnosis.-Medium-sized and non from the valve margin. Such a state is, carinated species of Tutcheria, charac however, commonly metwith both in the terized by the subor-bicular outline, Astartidae and the Carditidae. prosogyrous and comparatively narrow 4) The combinatio'n of, radial sculpture umbo, narrow lunule, strongly impressed and anterior lateral teeth is known in adductor scars and about 45 radial ribs the Condylocardiidae which .are repre. which are interrupted by a few widely sented by Condylowrdia BERNARD, 1896, spaced and strong imbrications of growth Carditella SMITH, 1881, · and a few other stages on the middle-ventral surface. genera in the Cenozoic and Recent. Al Description.-Shell medium-sized for though little has ·been known about their the genus, ·about 12mm long in the Mesozoic ancestors, it is possible that largest specimen,. suborbicular in outline, fossil representatives of· this family have nearly as high as long; strongly inflated, been overlooked, .because the shell-size i,s never carinated; test moderate in thick generally very small . in the known ness; antero-dorsal. margin . concave in species. In some characterS!·Tutcheria is front of umbo, fairly long, passing 549. Tutcheria from the Jurassic 29 gradually into the anterior. margin; paratively short; ,dentition typical of postero-dorsal margin comparatively Tutcheria, ..generally as formulated: short, gently arcuate; ventral margin AI 3b PI (Pili). . . evenly rounded; umbo comparatively Ali. 2 -4b-PIC- , cardmal teeth dtvergent narrow, prosogyrous, rising a little above from the beak; 3a undeveloped at all; 2 the hinge marg\n, placed at about three vertical, thin; 3b very large, triangular, sevenths of length from the anterior rounded at top ; 4b thin, adjacent to the end; lunule narrow but deep,. delimited nymph; lateral . teeth of both sides in by a weak ridge; escutcheon probably two valves short, clearly separated from not demarcated ; ligament opisthodetic, the cardinal te,eth; .AI tuberculiform, external; surface-ornamented with about stronger than All; Alii not separated 45 fine regular radial ribs which are from the antero-dorsal margin ; PI and Pili nearly as wide as their interspaces; a relatively weak, separated from each few strong and widely spaced imbri other by an oblong recess for the re cations, which indicate some growth ception of the tubercular lateral tooth stages, interrupting the radials on the PII; Pili not clearly separated from the middle-ventral surface, although their postero-dorsal margin ; adductor scars number and interval are quite irregular; subequal in size, oblong, strongly im ventral margin finely crenulated inter pressed; pallial line simple; umbonal nally in accordance with the radial ribs; cavity moderate in depth. hinge plate moderate in breadth, com- l\1easurements in mm.- Specimen Length Height Thickness Holotype (GK. G6859) left ex. mould 10. 2+ 11.4 ca. 3. 0 Paratype (GK. G6860) left ex. mould 11.8 11. 0+ 2. 8+ Paratype (GK. G6861) left ex. mould 11.4+ 11. 2+ 2.8+ Paratype (GK. G6862) left ex. mould 11. 4+ 12.6 ca. 3. 4 Paratype (GK. G6863) right in. mould 12.4 12.2 3.2+ Paratype (GK. G6864) left in. mould 10.8 10.8 2. 8+ Paratype (GK. G6865) right in. mould 12.6 11.8 3. 2+ Observations and comparisons.-Four ever, apart from its much larger size external moulds including the holotype the present species differs from the reveal the characteristic surface orna British one in the more tuberculiform mentation, though none of them are anterior lateral tooth AI, less elongated complete. Three internal moulds, from posterior lateral tooth PII and narrower which silicone rubber casts were taken hinge plate. ·Tutcheria cingulata (GOLD successfully, show a dentition of typi FUSS, 1837) from the Lower Lias of cal Tutcheria. The test is not preserved Wi.irtemberg and England (Cox, 1946) at all. Owing to the arenaceous matrix, also resembles the present species, but these specimens are almost free from the ratio of length/height is distinctly secondary deformation, but further larger in the former than in the latter. biometrical studies seem to be difficult. Tutcheria heberti (TERQUEM, 1855) from The present species may be closely the Lower Lias of France (DUMORTIER, allied to Tutcheria nor:tonensis Cox, 1946, 1864) and England (Cox, 1946) shows from the Middle Lias of England. How- comparable size and number of radials :30 ltaru HAYAMI with the present· species. The radials weathered sandstone of the basal member .and concentric imbrications, however, of the Higashinagano formation (Nbs are apparently much weaker than in any bed by MATSUMOTO and ONO, 1947, or .of the present specimens. Cardinia toriyamai bed by HAY AMI, 1959) Cox (1946) proposed at the same time at loc. It. 108, a small valley, about 500 the genus Pseudo pis (type-species: Pseu m southeast of Narusebashi, Higashi .dopis astonensis Cox, 1946) for three nagano, Toyoda town, Toyora County, Lower Jurassic · species which have Yamaguchi Prefecture. The present Tutcheria-like structure and more or less species is accompanied by Oxvtoma :sharp carina. According to Cox there (Oxytoma) inequivalvis (SOWERBY), Melea .are some species intermediate between grinella japonica HAY AMI, Chlamys Tutcheria and Pseudopis, and the deri textoria (SCHLOTHEIM), Entolium sp. cf. vation of the latter from the former is E. calvum (GOLDFUSS), Plagiostoma :suggested. The present species, how (Plagiostoma) matsumotoi HAY AMI, -ever, has no affinity with Pseudopis. Sphaeriola nipponica HAY AMI and Phola Occurrence.-All the present speci domya sp. The age is probably Sine mens were collected by M. ITO from a murian, because an Arietites-like ammo- ---~~~-~--·~~~~-~~~- Explanation of Plate 3 Figs. 1- 5. Tutcheria itoi sp. nov ...... p. 28 1. Left external mould, GK. G6862 (la) and its rubber cast (lb), paratype, x2. 2. Left external mould, GK. G6859 (2a) and its rubber cast (2b), holotype, x2. 3. Rubber cast of two left external moulds, GK. G6860 (lower) and GK. G6861 (upper), para types, x 2. 4. Right internal mould, GK. G6863 (4a) and its rubber cast (4b), paratype, x2. 5. Left (lower) internal mould, GK. G6864 and right (upper) internal mould, GK. G6865, (5a), and their respective rubber casts (5b, 5c), paratypes, x2. All the specimens were collected by M. ITo from the basal part of the Higashinagano for mation at It. 108, Higashinagano, Toyoda town, Toyoda County, Yamaguchi Prefecture. Figs. 6-11. Oxytoma (Oxytoma) mojsisovicsi TELLER ...... p. 35 6. Left valve, GK. F6887, x 1.5. 7. Rubber cast of a left external mould, GK. F6888, x 2. 8. Left internal mould, GK. F6889, x 2. 9. Left valve, GK. H6890, x 2. 10. Left external mould, GK. F6885 (lOa) and its rubber cast (lOb), x 1. 11. Rubber cast of a right external mould, GK. F6886, x 1.5. Fig. 12. Chlamys (?) sp. indet...... p. 36 12. Right valve, GK. F6891, x 2. Fig. 13. Pseudolimea naumanni (KoBAYASHI and IcHIKAWA) ...... p. 37 13. Left valve, GK. F6892, x 2. Fig. 14. Astarte sp. indet...... p. 38 14. Right valve, GK. F6894, x 2. The specimens illustrated in Figs. 6, 9, 12, 13, 14 were collected by OzAWA from lenti cular limestone of the Tachigaya formation at Tachigaya, Orne City, Tokyo Prefecture, those 'in Figs. 7, 8, 10, 11 by OzAWA and HAYAMI from the adjacent calcareous sandstone at the .same locality. I-!A YAM T : T~it c h e1· ia jr01n the Jurassic Plate 3 0Zf\ WA cmd }[AYAMJ : Triassic Oxytoma bed f1·o 11~ J(wa%to 4a Sa 5b 549. Tutcheria from the Jurassic 31 nite was collected from the same Fac. Sci., Univ. Tokyo. [2], 11, (2), 115- sandstone at another locality. 130, pl. 11. -- (1959) : Lower Liassic Lamellibranch fauna of the Higashinagano formation in References west Japan. Ibid., (2), 12, (1), 31-84, pis. 5-8. BERNARD, F. (1895) : Premiere note sur le -- (1965) : Lower Cretaceous marine pele development et Ia morphologie de Ia cypods of Japan. Part II. Mem. Fac. coquille chez les lamellibranches. Bull. Sci., Kyushu Univ., [DJ, 17, (2), 73-150, Soc. geol. France, [3], 23, (3), 104-154. pis. 7-21. BITTNER, A. von (1895) : Lamellibranchiaten KIPARISOVA, L. D., BYCIIKOV, J. M. and der alpinen Trias. I. Revision der Lamel PoLUBOTKO, I. V. (1966) : Late Triassic libranchiaten von St. Cassian. Abhandl. Bivalvian Mollusca from east Siberia, Geol. Reichsanst., 18, (1), 1-236, pis. 1-24. USSR. 312 pp. (40 pis. incl.) All Soviet Cox. L. R. (1947) : Tutcheria and Pseudopis, Union Geol. Inst. (VSEGEI) (in Russian) new lamellibranch genera from the Lias. MATSUMoTo, T. and O:xo, A. (1947): A Proc. Malac. Soc. London, 27, (1), 34-48, biostratigraphic study of the Jurassic pl. 3. Toyora group, with special reference to -- (1962) : New genera and subgenera of ammonites. Sci. Rep. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Mesozoic Bivalvia. Palaeontology, 4, (4), Univ., Geol., 2, (1), 20-33 (pis. 1-2 incl.) 592-598. (in Japanese). DouVILLE, H. (1913) : Classification des Vor Higashinagano cw: ·& !J!f) Ishimachi Ui IIIJ) Toyoda town c~~J: 1n IIIJ) Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 73, pp. 32-40, pl. 3, April 30, 1969 550. TRIASSIC OXYTOMA BED IN THE SUBURBS OF OME CITY, KW ANTO MOUNTAINS* TOMOWO OZAWA and IT ARU HAY AMI Department of Geology, Kyushu University 'Pffiifip';(~?'H:::.§e~~ht..::=:i:Hc Oxytoma m: }l:[~ffll""f-FH~rtJ~tl§)j*':J 4 km OJ:i'l.-7~ iWiM1i!I~:::.J:It~tl$.f1:;0)J:il!.Jiiv:::.JfJi/i't"l'i ~ 7;.1: 'Hot..::=:JlH'F-O)f~'Ht 5J;ffi"iit9 110m ~:::.~ l, :s'l.-T~Ji.'i c O}'!v"C·tJ$,/Wii>I~:>IK]}I]T Q 0 ::;j;::N/f'i::Ec VCli'}!E · 'W!Gii' Gt.J: f), 9=> tfflfCti" Jj)(!GO),j\1./ :/ 7--'l!:'ffi" Q o 4-@1, I: O);p" Ek!G :to J:: t:Pt 0) J:ilz: v:::.t,Jt <1Ci Ek 'W:u;P'Eiii' G Oxytoma (Oxytoma) mojsisovicsi, Pseudolimea naumanni 1!:'15-tr=t~~ll'fi.l~§e~ ~ hf-::o I: O)WiilX:v:t:=:\lHcf&JtJJ (:to-1:- G <7J- =- T :/) ~!:'~ l, ::;j;::JW'd::'il.§i¥l 13 ::;j;::?'\-11\'0)JIIi*J-7~ffilf,¥""f i~~~:::.xtrti"Q c. u~nrtJ8--c· TAKAGI (1944) reported the occurrence Pseudolimea naumanni (KOBAYASHI and of a specimen of Monotis (Entomonotis) ICHIKAWA) ochotica from a conglomeratic sandstone Astarte sp. indet. exposed near the jNR station of Ishi Because the first and third species have gamimae (formerly called Rakurakuen) in the Orne area, Tokyo Prefecture. 140" However, little has been known about the exact distribution of Triassic strata ·in this area, because no more fossil oc currence prevents ones from discriminat ing them from the surrounding Carboni ferous-Permian strata of the Chichibu '· ...... ·f ...... "" ._ ...... terrain. In the field survey of the Upper Paleo zoic strata one of us (T. 0.) discovered unexpectedly a characteristic limestone lens bearing fossil bivalves and some other marine organisms near the hamlet of Tachigaya, about 4 km northwest of the center of Orne City (Fig. 1). The other of us (I. H.) jointly examined the collection and identified the following bivalves: Oxytoma (Oxytoma) mojsisovicsi TELLER Hinodeyama.. 0 2km Chlamys (?) sp. indet. 902 Fig. 1. Map showing the locality of * Received Oct. 18, 1968; read Nov. 30, fossils and the distribution of the Tachigaya 1968 at Shizuoka. formation. 32 550. Triassic Oxytoma becl from Kwanto 33 been known only from the Upper Tri Emeritus Teiichi KOBAYASHI of the assic (mainly Carnian) in japan and East University of Tokyo for his generous Siberia, we regard the fossil bed in advice in the Triassic stratigraphy and question as Upper Triassic (Carnian if paleontology, to Dr. Kametoshi KAN not Norian). The fossil bearing strata MERA of the Kyushu University for his is denominated here the Tachigaya for valuable suggestion on the fie ld work mation. The aim of this paper is to and also to Miss Seiko HAYAKAWA for describe the stratigraphy and fossils of her assistance in drafting. this formation in some detail. Before going into description, we ex press our sincere thanks to Prof. Tatsuro Stratigraphic notes MATSUMOTO and Prof. Ryuzo TORIYAMA of the Kyushu University for their kind In the Orne area of southeast Kwanto ness in reading the manuscript. Ac mountains Upper Paleozoic rocks are knowledgements are also due to Prof. widely distributed, showing a general Legend )<:' Fossil occurrence --,____,___ Fa u l t L.O m m Limestone 30 ~ Mudstone 20 J::: >\ Sandstone Fig. 3. Limestone (bivalve biospa rudite) of the Tachigaya formation at 0 the southern bank of Kitaosoki river, Tachigaya ( x 10). Numerous bi val vi an Fig. 2. Idealized columnar section of shell fragments cemented by sparry the Tachigaya formation. calcite. :34 Tomowo OZAWA and ltaru HAYAMI :strike of NW -SE or NWW -SSE. Several the individuals are fragmentary and striking thrust faults are developed in probably immature. In the same lime parallel to the general trend and divide stone Pseudolimea naumanni, Chlamys (?) these rocks into many belts. Zonal dis sp., Astarte sp., and indeterminable tribution of formations is well recogniz species of brachiopod and echinoid are ·ed in this area as usual in the Kwanto also contained. Incidentally, such a mountains and also in the Outer Zone shelly limestone has never been found ·of Southwest Japan. The newly dis in the Upper Paleozoic formations of covered Triassic strata are situated in a this area. belt of Carboniferous and Permian for mations, which is here called the Rai denyama belt. As shown in Fig. 1, the Triassic strata, denominated the Tachi Description of fossils gaya formation in this paper, are nar rowly distributed along the Kitaosoki Class Bivalvia river in the environs of Tachigaya. Order Pterioida The Tachigaya formation itself forms a synclinal structure with a general Family Oxytomidae IcHIKAwA, 1958 strike of NW-SE dipping to the north ·or south at angles as high as 70 or 80 (nom. trans!. by Cox, 1962, degrees. The northern and southern ex Oxytominae ICHIKAwA, 1958) borders are cut by faults, and the Trias Genus Oxytoma MEEK, 1864 ·sic strata are in contact with the Upper Carboniferous Kitaosoki formation on Subgenus Oxytoma s. str. the north and with the Lower-Middle Permian Raidenyama formation on the The generic diagnosis of Oxytoma was south. clearly given by ICHIKAWA (1958) and The Tachigaya formation is composed Cox (1962). This genus is composed of ·of black shale with subordinate fine- to three subgenera, Oxytoma (s. str.), Hyp medium-grained sandstone in the lower oxytoma ICHIKAWA, 1958, and Palmoxy part (ca. 45 m) and of thickly bedded toma Cox, 1962. All the Triassic species medium- to coarse-grained sandstone of Oxytoma from Japan seem to belong with occasional granule conglomerate to Oxytoma (s. str.). and thick black shale in the upper part (ca. 65 m). A small lens of dark gray Oxytoma (Oxytoma) mojsisovicsi TELLER shell limestone (ca. 1.5 m) with sparry calcite cement occurs in the lower por Pl. 3, figs. 6-11 tion of the upper (Figs. 2 and 3). It gradually becomes sandy and passes 1886. Oxytoma mojsisovicsi TELLER in MOJSI into calcareous sandstone. The fossil sovics, Mem. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 7, vol. 33, no. 6, p. 129, pl. 19, figs. 7, 8. beds are best seen on the southern bank 1927. Pseudomonotis zitteli: YEHARA, japan. ·of the Kitaosoki river at Tachigaya, the jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. 5, nos. 1-2, p. type locality of this formation. 30, pl. 4, figs. 7, 8. Oxytoma (Oxytoma) mo)stsoVtcst is 1927. Oxytoma zitteli: YEHARA, Ibid., vol. 5, especially abundant in the limestone and nos. 1-2, p. 32, pl. 4, figs. 9, 10. calcareous sandstone, although most of 1950. Oxytoma zitteli: KoBAYASHI and lciii- 550. Triassic Oxytoma bed from Kwanto 35 KAWA, jour. Fac. Sci., Univ. Tokyo, The left valve moderately inflated, pteri ser. 2, vol. 7, pts. 3-5, p. 220, pl. 2, form, prosocline, provided with ten to figs. 3-6. twelve prominent primary radial ribs, 1950. Oxytoma subzitteli KoBA YASI-II and IcH I· which are highly elevated and some KAWA, Ibid., sec. 2, vol. 7, pts. 3-5, p. times slightly spinose; each interspace 221, pl. 2, figs. 7, 8. of primary ribs divided subequally into 1950. Oxytoma yeharai KoBAYASHI and lcHI· KAWA, Ibid., sec. 2, vol. 7, pts. 3-5, p. two parts by a secondary rib which is 222, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2, pl. 3, fig. 13. clearly discriminated in prominence from 1957. Oxytoma subzitteli: NAKANO, jour. Sci., numerous fine tertiary ribs; ribs slightly Hiroshima Univ., sec. C, vol. 2, no. 1, curved outwards in the anterior and pos p. 64, pl. 9, fig. l. terior areas; anterior wing comparatively 1959. Oxytoma zitteli: ToKcYAC>.IA, japan. small; posterior wing flattened, as jour. Geol. Geogr., val. 30, p. 7, pl. 1, broad as the main part, provided with figs. 19-21. numerous weak radial riblets of the ter 1959. Oxytoma subzitteli: ToKUY AMA, Ibid., tiary strength, pointed backwards; umbo vol. 30, p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 23, 24. nearly orthogyrous, comparatively nar 1963. Oxytoma cf. subzitteli: NAKAZAWA, row, rising a little above the hinge line, Mem. Coli. Sci., Kyoto Univ., ser. B, vol. 30, no. 2, p. 54, pl. 2, figs. 10-12. placed at about one-fifth of hinge line 1964. Oxytoma cf. subzittel: NAKAZAWA, from the anterior end. Right valve, on Ibid., ser. B, vol. 30, no. 4, p. 36, pl. 5, the contrary, nearly fiat except for the figs. 6-8. slightly convex umbonal area; byssal 1966. Oxytoma mojsisovicsi: KIPARISOVA in auricle of moderate size, clearly demar KIPARISOVA, Buciii ------JV!easurements in mm. Specimen Length Height Thickness Left ex. mould (GK. F6885) 48.5 53.5 ca. 11. 0 Right ex. mould (GK. F6886) 27.5 25.0 ca. 3.5 Left valve (GK. F6887) 10.5 6. 5+ ca. 2.5 Left ex. mould (GK. F6888) 9.0+ 9.5 ca. 2.0 Left in. mould (GK. F6889) 14.5 11. 5+ ca. 3.5 Left in. mould (GK. F6890) 8.5+ 8.5+ ca. 2.5 36 Tomowo OZAWA and Itaru HAYAMI because the mode of radial ornamenta with KOBAYASHI and ICHIKAWA (1950) tion of the left valves is essentially the in considering that the specimens from same and because they were extracted the Sakawa basin, which YEHARA (1927) from crowded fossil banks in a lime described under these two specific names, stone lens and adjacent calcareous sand are actually conspecific. However, we stone at the same locality. are not in a position to discuss this The present specimens, especially the problem on the basis of their type two larger ones (GK. F6885, GK. F6886), specimens. are quite similar to Oxytoma mojsisovicsi Occurrence.-Lenticular limestone and TELLER, 1886, from the Upper Triassic superjacent calcareous sandstone of the of East Siberia. Int he Sakawa basin Tachigaya formation at the southern of Shikoku and other areas of Japan bank of Kitaosoki river, near the hamlet similar specimens were described by of Tachigaya, Orne City, Tokyo Prefec KOBAYASHI and ICHIKAWA (1950) and ture. OzAwA and HAY AMI coiL others under the name of Oxytoma zitteli (TELLER), Oxytoma subzitteli KOBAYASHI Family Pectinidae RAFINESQUE, 1815 and ICHIKAWA or Oxytoma yeharai KOBA Genus Chlamys RoDING, 1798 YASHI and ICHIKAWA. As NAKAZAWA (1963, 1964) suggested already, Oxytoma Chlamys (?) sp. indet. zitteli (TELLER) ( =Pseudomonotis zitteli Pl. 3, fig. 12 TELLER) from Siberia may be specifically distinct from "Oxytoma zitteli" from This species is represented only by a Japan, which is probably conspecific small left valve (GK. F6891, 7.5 mm long, with Oxytoma subzitteli. Furthermore, 8.5 mm high) from the same lenticular KIPARISOVA in KIPARISOVA, BUCHKOV limestone as the preceding species. The and POLUBOTKO (1966) regarded "0. zit anterior wing is much larger than the teli" and 0. yeharai by KOBAYASHI and posterior, suggesting the development of ICHIKAWA respectively as a synonym a byssal auricle in the counter valve. and a variety of 0. mojsisovicsi. Ac The surface is marked with numerous cepting her opinion, we refer the pre faint radial riblets. It belongs to the sent specimens to Oxytoma ino/sisovicsi, subfamily Chlamydinae, but at present which actually includes "0. zitteli ", 0. the generic assignment is uncertain and subzitteli and 0. yeharai. The' number the specific identification impossible. The of radial ribs and the form ratio are general outline is somewhat similar to general}y fairly variable in one species that of Chlamys mojsisovicsi KoBAYASHI of pt'eri'oids, and the insignificant dif and ICHIKAWA, 1949, from the Carnian ference between these nominal species of Shikoku. The present species, how may not serve even as a subspecific ever, differs from that in the larger criterion. apical angle and more delicate radial Another problem has arisen for many rib lets. years as to the relationship between Oxytoma mojsisovicsi and Pseudomonotis Family Limidae RAFINESQUE, 1815 zitteli, since TELLER (1886) described originally the former species on the Genus Pseudolimea ARKELL, 1932 basis of left valves and the latter on the basis of a right valve. We agree Pseudolimea naumanni (KoBAYASHI 550. Triassic Oxytoma bed from Kwanto 37 fig. 11. and ICHIKAWA) Pl. 3, fig. 13 Material.-A left valve (GK. F6892) and an internal mould of right valve 1939. Lima naumanni lata KATAYAMA, jour. ( GK. F7893). Ceo!. Soc. Japan, val. 46, no. 546, p. 135 Description.-Shell medium in size, in (nom. nud.). equilateral, opisthocline, trigonally ovate, 1939. Lima naumanni obliqua KATAYA~IA, Ibid., val. 46, no. 546, p. 135, pl. 8, fig. higher than long, strongly inflated ; test 6 (nom. nud.). comparatively thin; umbo placed pos 1949. Lima naumanni KoBAYASHI and IcHI teriorly from the mid-length of shell, not KAWA, japan. jour. Ceo!. Ceogr., val. prominent, with an apical angle of about 21, nos. 1-4, p. 177, pl. 6, figs. 13-15. 75 degrees; auricles depressed, probably 1949. Lima naumanni var. obliqua KoBAYASHI of moderate size; anterior umbonal ridge and IcHIKAWA, Ibid., val. 21, nos. 1-4, absent; no "lunule"; surface of main p. 178, pl. 6, figs. 16, 17. body ornamented with about 19 straight, 1952. Lima (Pseudolimea?) naumanni: NAKA roof-shaped, plicated and non-bifurcated ZAWA, Mem. Coil. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, radial ribs, interspaces of which are ser. B, val. 20, no. 2, p. 102, pl. 9, marked respectively with a faint secon figs. 7, 8, pl. 10, fig. 3. dary rib; growth-lines crossing the 1954. Pseudolimea? naumanni: lcH!KA ,,.A, jour. Inst. Polytec. Osaka City Univ., radial ribs, distinct especially near the ser. G, val. 2, p. 55, pl. 3, fig. 12. ventral periphery, giving rise to serra 1954. Pseudolimea? naumanni var. obliqua: tion in accordance to the radial ribs; lciiiKAWA, Ibid., val. 2, p. 56, pl. 3, internal structure not observed. A1easurements in mm. Specimen Length Height Thickness Left valve (GK. F6892) 17.5 19.0 ca. 5. 0 Right in. mould (GK. F6893) 17.5 19.5 ca. 4. 0 Observations and comparisons.-The 1954; etc.), the "variety" may not con left valve is well preserved and shows stitute a distinct subspecies. the characteristic ornament in detail, The reference of the present species though both auricles are incomplete. It to the genus Pseudolimea has been sug is quite similar to the holotype and gested by NAKAZAWA (1952) and ICHI para types of Lima naumanni KoBAYASHI KAWA (1954). As pointed out by IC:HI· and ICHIKAwA, 1949, from the Carnian KA w A (1954) on a specimen from the of the Sakawa basin of Shikoku. The Sakuradani area of Shikoku, many im right internal mould (GK. F6893) is rather portant characters of the present species similar to the specimens called Lima agree with the diagnosis of Pseudolimea naumanni var. obliqua KOBA YASH! and given by ARKELL in DOUGLAS and ICHIKAWA, 1949, in view of the somewhat ARKELL (1932) and Cox (1944). However, obliquely elongated outline. Because of the resilifer appears to be much nar the suggested sympatric relation at rower and more prosocline in the pre many localities (KATAYAMA, 1939; Ko sent species than in many Jurassic BAYASHI and ICHIKAWA, 1949; ICHIKAWA, species of Pseudolimea. It is an inter- 38 Tomowo OZAWA and !tarn HAYAMI· esting fact that Triassic Mysidioptera in the Triassic, while the present species. has similarly a narrow and prosocline looks somewhat similar to some small resilifer in comparison with Jurassic Jurassic and Cretaceous species of Plagiostoma. Because Plagiostoma is be Astarte (s. str.) such as Astarte (Astarte} lieved to have been derived from Mysi semicostata NAGAO, 1934, from the dioptera (Cox, 1943, 1952), it is probable Aptian-Albian of north Japan. that a comparable transformation of ligament structure occurred in the evolu Concluding remarks tionary history of Pseudolimea. From the present material, however, no further In the northwestern suburbs of Orne knowledge could be obtained about the City, Tokyo Prefecture, there is a nar ligament structure, and we regard pro row distribution of Triassic strata, which visionally the present species as an early are denominated here the Tachigaya member of Pseudolimea. formation. As described above, this Occurrence.-Lenticular limestone of formation is partly calcareous and con the Tachigaya formation at the southern tain some fossil bivalves and other bank of Kitaosoki river near the hamlet organisms in a lenticular limestone and. of Tachigaya, Orne City, Tokyo Prefec superjacent calcareous sandstone. This ture. OzAwA coli. faunule comprising Oxytoma (Oxytoma) mojsisovicsi and Pseudolimea naumanni indicates an Upper Triassic (probably Order Veneroida Carnian) age at least for the fossiliferous part. Family Astartidae D'ORBIGNY, 1843 Incidentally, the genus Oxytoma ranges. Genus Astarte SOWERBY, 1816 widely from the Lower Triassic to the Upper Cretaceous, but Lower and Middle Astarte sp. indet. Triassic species seem quite rare. In Pl. 3, fig. 14 Eastern Asia such large specimens as. the present ones have been known only This species is represented by five from the Upper Triassic. Oxytoma minute specimens (GK. F6894-GK. F6898) (Oxytoma) mojsisovicsi itself has been from the same lenticular limestone as reported from the lower part of the the preceding. The length of the largest Kochigatani group at Sakawa and Sa specimen scarcely exceeds 7 mm. Al kuradani-Kito areas, the Kyowa forma though the hinge structure is not observ tion of the Nariwa area and the lower able, it belongs undoubtedly to the genus part of the Mine group of the Omine Astarte of wide sense, judging from the area. Although some identifiable speci general outline, clearly excavated lunule mens with this species were described and the distinct concentric ribs on the also from such Norian Monotis-bearing umbonal area. This species differs from strata as the ]ito formation of the Astarte? iwayai IcHIKAwA, 1954, from Nariwa area (NAKAZAWA, 1963) and the the Carnian of Shikoku in the smaller upper part of the Saragai group of the size, less triangular outline and more Shizukawa area (NAKAZAWA, 1964), it is densely spaced and narrowly restricted certain that 0. (0.) mojsisovicsi shows an concentric ribs. So far as we are aware, acmaeic prosperity in the Carnian stage there is no comparable species of Astarte in japan as well as in East Siberia .. 550. Triassic Oxytoma bed from Kwanto 39> As pointed out by lcHIKA w A (1958, p. is a representative of the lower part of 163), "Oxytoma sp. aff. 0. mojsisovicsi" the Kochigatani series in the southern described by CHEN (1950) from the Lower Kwanto mountains. We have, however,. Triassic of southeast China is probably on positive evidence to determine its referable to Eumorphotis. stratigraphic relation to the Monotis The occurrence of Pseudolimea nau bearing formation of the present area manni also supports the assignment of and to the Arai formation of the ltsu the fossiliferous part to the Carnian, kaichi area, because they are distributed because this species has been known separately in narrow areas. only from the Carnian such as the lower part of the Kochigatani group in the References S:ikawa and Sakuradani-Kito areas, the lower part of the Mine group of the Works cited only in the lists of synonymy Omine area and the Nabae group of the are omitted here. Maizuru area. NAKAZA w A (1956) sug CHEN, P.-Y. (1950): On the marine Triassic gested that this species characterizes the fauna of Lungyen and Ningyang, Fukien. upper part of the Sakawan ( ·. Carnian) Quart. jour. Taiwan Mus., 3, (2), 82-97. sediments in the Maizuru area. Cox, L. R. (1943) : The English Upper Lias. and Inferior Oolite species of Lima. Proc. Although the constituent species of Malac. Soc. London, 25, (5-6), 151-187, this faunule is few, the assemblage is pis. 6-29. undoubtedly of the lower Kochigatani -- (1944) : On Pseudolimea ARKELL. Ibid .• fauna. It has been known that the 26, (2-3), 74-88, pls. 2, 3. Kochigatani group in the Outer Zone of -- (1952) : The Jurassic lamellibranch Southwest Japan is partly calcareous. fauna of Cutch (Kachh). Palaeont .. For instances, the "Oxytoma-Mytilus Indica, [9], 3, (4), 1-128, pis. 1-12. beds" at Okunominetani of the Sakawa -- (1962) : New genera and subgenera of area are fairly calcareous (KOBAYASHI Mesozoic Bivalvia. Palaeontology, 4, (4), and ICHIKAWA in Geol. Surv. Japan, 1951, 592-598. p. 101), and, moreover, the "Proarcestes DouGLAs, J. A. and ARK ELL, W. J. (1932) : The stratigraphical distribution of the beds" at Yoshinosakadani of the Taho Cornbrash : 2. The north-eastern area. (=Tao) area and the Tanoura formation Quart. jour. Geol. Soc. London, 88, 112- of the Tanoura area bear occasionally 170, pls. 10-12. some lenses of impure limestone (IcHI Geological Survey of Japan (1951) : Triassic KAWA in Geol. Surv. Japan, 1951, p. 109; stratigraphy of japan. Rept. Special MATSUMOTO and KANMERA, 1964, p. 57). Number, Geol. Surv. Japan. 148 pp., 8 In the Kwanto mountains the Arai for maps. [in Japanese] mation of the ltsukaichi area, which is lci-IIKA\VA, K. (1954): Late Triassic pelecy generally regarded as Carnian if not pods from the Kochigatani Group in the Norian, has also some impure limestone Sakuradani and Kito areas, Tokushima lenses (ICHIKAWA and Kuoo in Geol. Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. Part 2. jour. I nsf. Polytec. Osaka City U niv., [ G], 2, Surv. Japan, 1951, p. 29), although its 53-75 (pis. 3, 4 incl.) bivalvian assemblage is quite different -- (1954a) : Triassic Mollusca from the from that of the Kochigatani fauna Arai Formation at Iwai near Itsukaichi, (ICHIKAWA, 1954a). Tokyo Prefecture. japan. jour. Geol. To sum up we have come to the con Geogr., 24, 45-70, pl. 7. clusion that the Tachigaya formation -- (1958) : Zur Taxionomie und Phylogenie 40 Tomowo OZAWA and ltaru HAYAMI der triadischen " Pteriidae" (Lamelli anese with an English abstract] branch.) mit besonderer Beriicksichtgung NAKAZAWA, K. (1952): A study on the der Gattungen Claraia, Eumorphotis, Oxy pelecypod-fauna of the Upper Triassic toma und M onotis. Palaeontographica, Nabae group in the northern part of 111, (A), 131-212, pls. 21-24. Kyoto Prefecture. Part 1. Pectinids and KIPARISOVA, L. D., BvcHKov, ]. M. and limids. Mem. Coli. Sci., Univ. Kyoto, POLUBOTKO, I. V. (1966) : Late Triassic [BJ, 20, (2), 95-106, pls. 7-10. bivalvian Mollusca from east Siberia, - (1956) : Op. cit. Part 4. Ibid., [BJ, 23, USSR. All Soviet Union, Geol. Inst. (2), 231-253, pls. 1-4. (VSEGEI) · 312 pp. (40 pls. incl.). [in -- (1963) : Norian pelecypod-fossils from Russian] }ito, Okayama Prefecture, west Japan. KoBAYASHI, T. and IcHIKAWA, K. (1949): Ibid., [B], 30, (2), 47-58, pls. 1, 2. Tosapecten gen. nov. and other Upper -- (1964) : On the Monotis typica zone in Triassic Pectinidae from the Sakawa Japan. Ibid., [BJ, 30, (4), 21-39, pls. 3-5. basin in Shiko:w, Japan. japan. jour. TAKAGI, Z. (1944) : On the discovery of Ceo!. Ceogr., 21, 163-171, pl. 5. Pseudomonotis ochotica in the vicinity of -- and -- (1949a) : Myophoria and other Orne town and a note on the geology of Upper Triassic pelecypods from the Sa this area. jour. Ceo!. Soc. japan, 51, kawa basin in Shikoku, Japan. Ibid., 21, (609), 196-198. [in Japanese] 177-187, pl. 6. TELLER, F. (1886): Die Pelecypoden-Fauna -- and -- (1950) : Triassic Oxytoma from von Werchojansk in Ostsibirien. In the Sakawa basin in Shikoku, Japan. MoJSisovics, E. v.: Arktische Trias jour. Fac. Sci., Univ. Tokyo, [2], 7, (3- faunen. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Peter 5), 217-229, pls. 2, 3. sbourg, [7], 33, (6), 103-137, pls. 17-20. MATSUMOTO, T. and KANMERA, K. (1964): YEHARA, S. (1927) : Faunal and stratigra Hinagu: Explanatory text of the geo phical study of the Sakawa basin, Shi logical map of Japan, scale 1:50,000. koku. japan. jour. Ceo!. Ceogr., 5, (1-2), Geol. Surv. Japan. 147+27 pp. [in Jap- 1-40, pls. 1-5. ----~---- lshigamimae 1:j t1!1 AIJ Orne r'J' till: Kitaosoki ;Jt.'l' ~ * Tachigaya :lL ?- 1§- ,[]; Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 73, pp. 41-:48, pls. 4-6, April 30, 1969 551. PLANT MICROFOSSILS FROM THE PERMIAN SANDSTONE IN THE SOUTHERN MARGINAL AREA OF THE TANBA BELT* KIYOSHI TAKAHASHI Department of Geology, Nagasaki University and AKIRA YAO Department of Geosciences, Osaka City University :Pti&:;:g=l{'i¥¥<$0)-";t.-A r.cuY:Ei~li!l~f~Jfti:J: ~if G0)- A., i\P§f:J:."),Cr;[IJH1-II~'iL'f>;fi13RIUJ m:Ll.i~t);O)J'Ji&:1ll'Nmn"fll C:t t.:f:J:.jR1~dW Jt.O)i,/ifrfMr/1) 0)-" IvA $cireti~ Introduction Education]. Consequently, the authors have here reported and described three The junior author, A. Y AO, has col species of sporomorphs and one species lected samples from lenticular sandstones of phytoplankton. This paper is the in the Permian mudstone member in first report on the Paleozoic sporomorphs the southern marginal area of the Tanba and phytomicroplankton in japan. belt. Mechanical and chemical treat The authors wish to thank Professor ment of the samples were carried out Dr. Koichiro ICHIKAwA, Department of by him under the direction of Professor Geosciences, Osaka City University, for M. SHIMAKURA, Nara University of Edu his suggestion and valuable advice on cation and he has found many plant the stratigraphic relation and geologic microfossils under the microscope. age, Professor Dr. Misaburo SHIMAKURA, The senior author, K. TAKAHASHI, has Nara Univeraity of Education, for his minutely observed some sections which kind direction of analytical method, and the junior author has provided and pre Professor Dr. Hermann WEYLAND, liminarily studied [Y AO, 1966 (MS) Gra Wuppertal-Elberfeld (West-Germany), for duation Thesis, Nara University of his kind suggestion on botanical species of the epidermal cell. * Received October 28, 1968; read June 22, 1968 at Sendai. 41 42 Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI and Akira YAO Geologic setting C, which are conformable each other (Y AO, 1968). The A formation is ap The strata distributing in the Jubusen parently lowermost and the C formation (Mt. Jubu) area, Kyoto Prefecture, are is uppermost. divided into three formations, A, B, and The A formation lies in the southern 134° 138° Text-fig. la-b. Index map (1a) and Geological map of Mt. Jubu area, Kyoto prefecture (1b). Text-fi;r. la. 1. Equivalent of the Osaka Group (Plio-Pleistocene) 2. Tsuzuki Group (Miocene) 3. Granitic rocks (pre-Cenozoic) 4-8. Permian (divided into the Band the C formation) 4. Pelitic rocks 5. Cherts 6. Psammitic rocks 7. Submarine basic volcanics 8. Limestones 9. Fault 10. Boundary between the B andi the C formation 11. Fossil localities P: Plant microfossils, descri bed in this paper. F: Neoschwagerinids, re ported by YAo (1968). 3M s[ill] sB 10G 11[TI '::';::xt-fig. lb. 551. Plant Microfossils from the Permian 43 part of this area and consists mainly belonging to Cordaitales from the Per of mudstone intercalating chert and mian and Carboniferous, but they possess sandstone. The B formation is dis no morphologic character which is re tributed in the central part of the area cpgnized as air-sacs. On the other hand, and composed predominantly of mudstone they are very similar to pollen grains and chert with some sandstone beds, but of Araucariaceae, but the latter is granu basic pyroclastic rocks and limestones late in. ornamentation of exine. For the are very rare. Many spore-pollen grains time being, the authors report the present and phytoplankton were found from the specimens as ? Araucariacites gloriosus. fine to medium lenticular sandstone (30- Only one pollen grain of ?Florinites 50 em in thickness) of this formation, was found. This is morphologically about 500m north of Harayama, Watsuka similar to ? Araucariacites gloriosus, but cho. The C formation occupies the nor this has central body which is surround thern part of the area and mainly consists ed with air-sac ( ?). of mudstone and sandstone with basic Many species of Reticulatasporites pyroclastic rocks, limestones, and cherts. were reported from the Carboniferous Fusulinid fossil, Yabeina (or Neoschwa of Germany and U.S. A. The present gerina) sp., was found from the limestone Permian specimens belong certainly to of this formation. Consequently, it is R eticulatasporites. estimated that its geologic age will be About Tasmanites there are some re upper Middle Permian. As the B for ports of A. EISENACK and others. The mation is seemingly lower than the C present specimens are closely similar to formation, the geologic age of the former Tasmanites cf. tardus Eisenack which will be naturally before upper Middle was reported by S. MANUM (1964) from Permian. the Cretaceous of Graham Island and Ellef Ringes Island of Arctic Canada. Preparation of material and The shell wall of Tasmanites tardus microfossils Eisenack is far thicker than that of the japanese species. After crushing, the samples were The epidermal cells illustrated in text macerated in mixed solution with HNO. figure 2, coexisting with spores and and HCl, rinsed with water and then pollEn grain::, cannot be exactly deter boiled for a few minutes with 10% KOH mined, because of the insufficient mater solution. The samples were then rinsed ials for reliable decision. However, these repeatedly with water. Organic residue materials remine us of gymnospermous in upper part of the precipitates was plant. concentrated and subsequent oxidation Many undeterminable microfossils (HNO.+HCl) and alkali (5% KOH) treat were also found, but these microfossils ment were usually used. Finally con are not dealt with in this paper. centrated HF was used for the purpose of All preparations are kept in the excluding minerals. The preparations Department of geosciences, Osaka City were mounted in glycerine jelly. University. A number of specimens were found under the microscope. Above all, pollen Systematic description grains of ? Araucariacites gloriosus are abundant. They are similar to Florinites Anteturm:l: Pollenites 44 Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI and Aki1·a YAO a b Text-fig. 2a- b. Epidermal cell (lo wer cuticle) of gymnospermous plant ( ?) . x 420 . Holotype :- Slide 66041104-13 ; Pl. 4, R. POTONIE, l931 fig. 3 ; size 133 x 100 ,u. Turma: Aletes IBRAHIM, 1933 Type locality :-500 m north of Hara yama, Watsuka-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto "S ubturma: Azonaletes (LUBER 1935) Prefecture. POTONIE & KREMP, 1954 Type horizon :-Sandstone in the mud Infraturma: Granulonapiti stone member of the B formation in the ]ubusen area of the Tanba belt. COOKSO 1, 1947 D escription :-Inaperturate pollen Genus: Araucariacites COOKSO N, 1947 grains; shape orig inally spheroidal or Type species: A nzuc(l1'iacites oval with diameter of 100 to 160,u . Exine about 0.8 to 1.7 ,u thick w ith both australis COOKSON, 1947 endexine and ektexine approximately of ? Araucariacites gloriosus n. sp. equal thickness, sculptured with rod-like elements in optical section of the exine Pl. '1, figs. 1- 9; text-fig. 3a, b (see text-fig. 3a) and w ith fine rugulate Explanation of Plate 4 Figs. 1- 9. ?.4raucariacites gloriosus n . s p. x 420. Fig. 3: Holotype, sli de 66041104-13. TAJ\f1 JfASI{I a~d Yl\0 ; Plant Microfossils ,f1·on" (;h f3 P<3rmian 551. Plant Mic?·ofossils from the Pe1·mian 45- by its size and ornamentation. Botanical affinity:- ? Araucari aceae. Infraturma : Reticulorapiti (ERDT MAN, 1947) VIMAL, 1952 Genus: R eticulataspm·ites (IBRAHIM,. 1933) POTO NIE & KREMP, 1954 Type species: R eticulatasporites facetus IBRAHIM, 1933 Text-fig. 3a- b. Enlargement of the orna R eticulatasporites forami mentation of ? Araucariacites gloriosus. x 1050. nulatus n. sp. 3a : optical section; 3b: surface of the exine. Pl. 5, figs. 1-8 arrangement on the surface of the exine Holotype :- Slide 66041104- 10; Pl. 5, (see text-fig. 3b) : rod-like (baculate or figs. 4a, b ; size 73f-1. clavate) elements 1.3 to 1.7 f-1 long. On Type Lo cality :- 500 m north of Hara account of excessive folds the shape and yama, Watsuka-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto size vary greatly. Prefecture. R emarks:-The present specimens are TyjJe horizon :-Sandstone in the mud similar to Inaperturopoll enites insignis stone member of the B formation in the MA NUM (S. MA NUM, 1962, p. 39, pl. 6, Jubusen area of the Tanba belt. figs. 3, 4) from the lower light sandstone Description:-Tetrad mark not visible, series (Tertiary) S,,, Spitsbergen, in the circular to oval in outline, exine thin shape and ornamentation, but differ in walled, ·w ith many circular to elliptical the form size and the composition of the pores of diameter 3.9 to 6.5f-1. Exine exine. colour colourless. Size range : length 68. B. E. BALME (1957) described the simi to 103/-1; breadth 50 to 75f-1. lar species, Jnaperturopollenites Limbatus Rematlzs :- The present specimens do· BALME (B. E. BALME, 1957, p. 31, pl. 7, not closely resemble any known species. figs. 83, 84) and I naperturopollenites of R eticulataspm·ites. All species of ht1·batus BALME (B. E. BALM E, 1957, p. R eticulatasporites were described by F. 31, pl. 7 figs. 85, 86; pl. 8, fig. 87), from LOOSE (1934) (R . mediapudens), A. C. the Mesozoic of Western Australi a. IBRAHIM (1933) (R. facetus, R. viscendus, The former has smaller size and thicker and R. spongiosus), R. POTONIE & G. exine and the latter has sma ller size KREMP (1955) (R . facetus and R . tacitur and a differetially thickened circular nus) and D. C. BHARDWAJ (1957) (R .. polar area about 40f-1 in diameter. novicus and R. teichmiillerii) from the The present species is distinguished Upper Carboniferous of Germany, R. from Araucariacites australis COOKSON KRii.USEL & G. LESCI-IIK (1955) (R. aduncus from Tertiary lignites and carbonaceous .and R. densus) from the Upper Triassic sandstone of Kerguelen Island (I. C. of Switzerland, and C. J. FELIX & P. P. COOKSON, 1947, p. 130, pl. 13, figs. 1-4) BuRBRIDGE (1967) (R. lacunosus) from 46 Kiyoshi T AK AHASHI and Akira YAO the Springer Formation (Carboniferous) Text-fig . 4 ·Of southern Oklahoma, U. S. A. The Description :- Monosaccate pollen gra in mesh-like network of the present japa ? ; circular or bread elliptical in outline, nese species is relatively similar to that diameter of grain 152 x 127 f.l· Body wall ·Of the American species R . lacunosus, very thin, very fine rug ul ate or punctate. but the latter has very large muri. Central body somewhat indistinct, 96 x Botanical affinity :- Unknown. 87 f.l in diameter, roughly reticulate ?, no tetrad mark recognizable. Turma: Saccites ERDTMA N, 1947 Occurrence :- Sandstone in the mud stone member of the B fo rmation in the .S ubturma: Monosaccites (CI-IIT ALEY , jubusen area of the T anba belt; 500 m 1951) POTONIE & KREMP, 1954 north of Harayama, Watsuka-cho, SiSrak u- gun, Kyoto Prefecture. lnfraturma: Aletesacciti Botanical affinity :- ?Cordaitales. LESCHIK, 1955 Microplankton Genus: Florinites SCHOPF, lncertae Sedis vVILSO N & BENTALL, 1944 Group: Acritarcha EviTT, 1963 Type species : Fl orinites antiquus SCHOPF, 1944 Class: Chlorophyceae ?Florinites sp. Family: Tasmanaceae SOMMER, 1956 Genus: Tasmanites Newton, 1875 Ta smanites tanbaensis n. sp. Pl. 6, figs . 1- 8 J-!olotyjJe :-Slide 660Lll104-13; Pl. 6, fig. 2; size 128 x 119p in diameter; wall 6.7 f1 in thickness. Type locality :- 500 m north of Harayama, Watsuka-cho, SiS raku gun , Kyoto Prefecture. Type horizon :- Sandstone in the mudstone member of the B for mation in the jubusen area of the Tanba belt. DescrijJtion :- Grains circular or somewhat elliptical in outline, range Tex t-fig. 4. ? Florinites s p. x 420 . of diameter 107 - 152(-l x 82- 144(-l. Explanation of Plate 5 Figs. 1- 8. R eticulatdsporites foraminulatus n. sp. Figs. 4a- b: Holotype, s lide 66041104- 10 ; Figs. 1- 7: x 420; F igs. 8a- b: x 1050. TAKAHASHI ancl YAO: Plant MicTofossils .from the Pennian Plate 5 551. Plant Microfossils from the Permian 47 Wall dark brown or reddish brown, 5 to DowNIE, C., EviTT, W.R., and SARJEANT, 6.7 p. in thickness. Very small pores of W.A.S. (1963) : Dinoflagellates, hystri the wall are found here and there, espe chospheres and the classification of the -cially by fig. 8 remarkable. Acritarchs. Stanford Univ. publ. Geol. Remarks:-The present specimens are Sci., 1, 3, 1-16. similar to the specimen from the Creta EisE~ACK, A. (1958) : Tasmanites Newton und Leiosphaeridia n. g. als Gattungen ·Ceous of the Graham Island and Ellef der Hystrichosphaeridea. Palaeontogra Ringes Island, Arctic Canada which was phica, A, II 0, 1-19. treated by S. MANUM (1964) as Tasma -- (1962) : Mitteilungen iiber Leiospharen nites cf. tardus EISENACK (S. MANUM, und iiber das Pylom bei Hystrichospharen. 1964, p. 22, pl. 7, fig. 9). The shell wall N. ]b. Geol. Paliiont., Abh., 114, 1, 58-80, -of the present species is far thinner than Taf. 2-4. that of Tasmanites tardus EISENACK. -- (1963) : Hystrichospharen. Biol. Rev., 38, 107-139, Taf. 1-2. EviTT, William R. (1963): A discussion and References proposals concerning fossil dinoflagellates, hystrichospheres, and acritarchs. I, II. BALME, B.E. (1957): Spores and pollen Proc. National Acad. Sci., 49, 2, 3, 158- grains from the Mesozoic of Western 164, 298-302. Australia. Commonwealth Sci. Ind. Res. E!j>peMOBa, r ..n:. (1967) : OaJIHHOJIQrHqecKoe Organization, coal Res. Sec., T.C. 25 H3yqeHHe HH)I{HerrepMCKHX OTJIO)I{eHHH B (Catalog of fossil spores and pollen, 13) paiioHe acTpaxaHCKoro IIO.llHHTHH. Tpy .llhi BALME, B.E. and HENNELLY, J.P.F. (1955): MHHHCTepcTBO reoJIOrHH CCCP, BHHTHH, 52, Bisaccate sporomorphs from Australian 58-62, pls. 1-2. Permian coale. Austr. jour. Bot., 3, 1, FELIX, C.J. and BuRBRIDGE, P.P. (1967) : 89-98, pls. 1-6. (Catalog of fossil spores Palynology of the Springer Formation of and pollen, 13) southern Oklahoma, U.S.A. Palaeonto --and-- (1956): Monolete, monocolpate, logy, I 0, 3, 349-425, pls. 53-66. and alete sporomorphs from Australian GoTHAN, W. und WEYLA:-.:o, H. (1964) : Permian sediments. Ibid., 4, 1, 54-67, pls. Lehrbuch der Palaobotanik. Akademie 1-3 (Catalog of fossil spores and pollen, Verlag, Berlin. 13) GRIGNAI'\I, Daria (1967) : Paleozoic spores BHARDWAJ, D.C. (1957): The spore flora of and Triassic pollen grains from some Velener Schichten (Lower Westphalian D) Tunesian well samples. Rev. Palaeobotan. in the Ruhr coal Measures. Palaeonto Palynol., I, 155-159. graphica, 102, B, 110-138, pls. 23-26. IBRAHIJvi, A.C. (1933) : Sporenformen des CooKsON, I.C. (1947) : Plant microfossils Ruhr-Reviers (Dissertation, Berlin), 1-46, from the lignites of Kerguelen Archipela Taf. 8, Triltsch, Wiirzburg (Catalog of go. B.A.N.Z. Antarctic Research Expedi fossil spores and pollen, 6). tion 1927-31, Rpts., Ser. A, 2, 8, 127- KRA.USEL, R. und LEsCHIK, G. (1955) : Die 142, pls. 13-17 (Catalog of fossil spores Keuperflora von Neuewelt bei Basel, II. and pollen, 15) Die !so- und Mikrosporen. Schweizerische •CooKsoN, I.C. and DETTMANN, M.E. (1959) : Paliiont. Ab., 12, 1-70, Taf. 1-10. On Schizosporis a new form genus from LESCHIK, G. (1956): Sporen aus dem Salzton Australian Cretaceous deposits. Micro des Zechsteins von Neuhof (bei Fulda). paleontology, 5, 2, 213-216, pl. 1. Palaeontographica, I 00, B, 122-142, Taf. DowNIE, C. (1967): The geological history 1-3. of the microplankton. Rev. Palaeobotan. MANUM, Svein (1962) : Studies in the Terti Palynol., I, 269-281. ary flora of Spitsbergen, with notes on 48 Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI and Akira YAO Tertiary floras of Ellesmere Island, Green PoTONIE, R. und KREMP, G. (1954) : Die land, and Iceland. A palynological in Gattungen der palaozoischen Sporae dis vestigation. Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter, persae und ihre Stratigraphie. Geol. ]b., 125, 1-127, pis. 1-20. 69, 11-194, Taf. 4-20. MANUM, S. and CooKsoN, I. C. (1964) : Cre -- und -- (1955) : Die Sporae dispersae taceous microplankton in a sample from des Ruhrkarbons, ihre Morphographie und Graham Island, Arctic Canada, collected Stratigraphie mit Ausblicken auf Arten during the second " Fram '•-Expedition anderer Gebiete und Zeitabschnitte, Teil (1898-1902), with notes on microplankton I. Palaeontographica, 98, B, 1-136, Taf. from the Hassel Formation, Ellef Ringes 1-16; (1956) Teil II. 99, B, 85-191, Taf. Island. Skrifter utgitt av Det Norske 17-22. Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo I Mat.-Naturv. RousE, G. E. (1959) : Plant microfossils from Klasse, N.S., 17, 1-36, pis. 1-7. Kootenay coalmeasures strata of British MuLLER, Jan (1968) : Palynology of the Columbia. Micropaleontology, 5, 3, 303- Pedawan and Plateau Sandstone For 324, pis. 1-2. mations (Cretaceous-Eocene) in Sarawak, SMITH, A. H. V. and BuTTERWORTH, M.A. Malaysia. Micropaleontology, 14, 1, 1-37, (1967) : Miospores in the coal seams of pis. 1-5. the Carboniferous of Great Britain. nerywesa, JI. M. (1967) : CrropOBO·IIbiJ!b~eBbie Special papers in Palaeontology No. 1. KOMIIJieKCbi cpe.llHe H sepxHeKaMeHHoyrOJib· STAPLIN, F. L., PococK, S. A. J. and JAN HbiX OT JIOlKeHHH JOr0·3aiia.llHOH 'laCTH soNius, J. (1967): Relationships among BOJirOrpa.llCKOH 06JiaCTH. Tpy.llbi MHHHC· Gymnospermous pollen. Rev. Palaeo TepcTso reoJiomH CCCP. BHl1fHl1. 52, botan. Palynol., 3, 297-310. 48-57, pis. 1-9. TAKAHASHI, Kiyoshi (1964): Sporen und PococK, S. A.}. (1962) : Microfioral analysis Pollen der oberkretazeischen Hakobuchi and age determination of strata at the Schichtengruppe, Hokkaido. Mem. Fac. Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in the Sci., Kyushu univ., Ser. D, Geol., 14, 3, Western Canada plains. Palaeontogra 159-271, Taf. 23-44. phica, 111, B, 1-95, Taf. 1-15. WoDEHOUSE, R. P. (1935) : Pollen grains. PoTONIE, R. (1958) : Synopsis der Gattungen Hafner Publ. Co. 1965. der Sporae dispersae. II. Teil. Beih. Y AO, Akira (1968) : Discovery of Fusulinids Geol. ]b., 31, 1-114, Taf. 1-11. from Ujitawara-mati, Kyoto Prefecture -- (1960) : Synopsis der Gattungen der (Short note). Jour. Geol. Soc. japan, 14, Sporae dispersae. III. Teil. Ibid., 39, 1- 7, 399-400. 189, Taf. 1-9. Harayama DR Lll Tanba Jubusen ~i$LlJ Watsuka-cho S6raku-gun ;f~~:m ---~------"------Explanation of Plate 6 Figs. 1-8. Tasmanites tanbaensis n. sp. x 420. Fig. 2. : Holotype, slide 66041104-13. T A KAHASF-{I aJLd YJ\0: Pla?~t MioTofossils from the Perrniam Plate 6 49 PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN ~I *'-IJ:'E~Of:~~ 101 @]f9~~f:l:, 1968 ,q:_ 11 fl On the Genus Thecosphaera from the Neo 30 8 (±) lff:& 1 ~J: IJ, nJ'IIlfil::k~f:~ffiOf:fflil~.Bv' gene Formation, Japan .... K. NAKASEKO -cr,f.JH\l2'ht-=: ($:1Jp::jl!f 3315)0 Phylogeny and Classification of the Fusuli nacean Family Verbeekin.idae .. T. OzAWA A Lepidolina multiseptata (DEPRAT), the type it.Jft'r'i·it$:n;:!i¥=il!l C7 5l -/) ;M\'ElO)~Ji£@Eh c ll!llmJ species of the Verbeekinid Genus Lepi- 1~-?v'"C (t\::Ric) .•. · · • · · · · · · · · · · · .Ll.Jf.AU!I~ dolina LEE, 1933 ...... T. OzAWA J:ifiiJiUH~ ,ii'O)P,£Hl'lft::fi ~~-? v' -c ...... ti'li EB'H:'E ;t.Jft~~l!lmJ:nc "?v'-c ...... LLJF>mll:1~ {Jl£Ul'l"Jll (7~ Hry) f~:li iliiS<:R~c.~~~M& (26 1:1) Calyptogena ~]':qH:-:::>v'-c. -lilm~lhJ~ · ±(~ii<'J·:~t-=r Pre-Paleozoic Natural History f::. -::>It '-c .... :fl~/\l:~1t::fi, !f;'ff;: Turcicula f;:-:::>v'-c .... , ...... · . · · .. · · · · · · i:lt!l!t ir'f ...... !ll-fl33fr!iPJ il9wni~ a~::fi~¥~ ...... -ii!t1335l<:f.fL %' Jjlj ~jlf ilii (26 I]) 5'.Jlilf;~ fl.~1i~1'~ ...... ±~ 133~-~j) *·Y~~~~~-~-~~~-~~~•m~ l:r:ililV~ 133 ~ rp )}Jitr;:=. * ~ fl.f!:::Pf.f · ...... · '"(· ~ -J11j ...... ~~ 133JI~ ± ...... ·*iJR r.1. ~!ll-f:=.U[) HfJII fl.{i:::titr~~;~, ttff;: Suchium suchiense ~ ~¥:/7 A I B :;$:WJr~tUUJi 1tT:iWJi~ lfiJ~)J fC-:::>v'-c ...... -± Jl.ill- :{fiJ Clit~ISA: ;hf§iR:~. JJiil§ifltf§i, :E~~~H'¥0 v'i i*lif'P'JJIH~JI±l!!~ rpWJiffJC~ fl.{t::Pn~ · · :i'f~~JII~= :26 R ~Lf·flir • 'r·Hd::.::bt:. -:o -cfjtJ:.::bht:.o ill 1=1 WA~.tt-~1-t~~ 1J IEI:f\\\lf.r~f'i&tt;~{i::::fif.f ...... jlfi]*;fQ~ a*~~~~~~•~am~~-~~~~~m :;-fs:;!'Jifc~ft~i•lifi*Jrlll:fl{i::15ll'f'~ff~ · · · -~.IH£1*~ •.••••...•...••••••..••.•••••..••. Wlif'E±w!JI! l!f~WUc~ft ~~g:_W~iliki*JIJ17J.J~:Pf\'t/J; · · · · · · t"!JJi~~f*n~ciitU¥~ ...... -iltlo'fl\.~,m: ...... :'G::Itlfl:~ -~-~~M~~c, k~~~~5J~5JWK~ fl~:PWf-1;: ~ ~f;kfllirli133J:l!!l>.:l.i.~J-Ii5tE*R-l!J; · · · · -r-~-~t,{ ...... -§ii.~lx9J ...... f§i'l<.'*l!IJ 0 1969 ~~~ fJ ~A.S<~ (1969 ~ 1 J1 25 R ~~'f-~~S<""C·J¥(~.2) '/ffJff!S<~ 2215, :tE?'~S<~ 515, OD!:#Jiml';, rjlJ6J@0 -'H85'_!fD, ~::YtiEii{f, l\~ UlJ, NEsTELL, M. K., *J::fQ_&, :l::f!:ijijJJ\li, ORDONEZ, E. P., YAGO, R. E., ANDAL, P. P., SuNTHARAJ.INGAM, T., aBH~-, !J,'fl]j{~y)~, rpi![ 11$, s* 1&-, :;$:!± J:;, iJJtill!t~~. m.LHC.~. 8!$~. I:~;i!;;~JL 1':k\i~3t!ffi, ~III jY,, ~m::;r--, ~!llJM:=., f!cii.'ii~-=J-, Wi:H1A. JliiJ~ii!t-\'7, ~~~~·1MB •(\') 1968 ~~rp f;:S<~};:!IlJ{'Fi\:Jl!B;gt.JtJm:t;~hf.:o © 1968 ~~i=f~~&S<~ (115) m~JR ~ (\') 1969 ~ 1 fl 25 B ~ilf~~S IJIJ fill J:i!'. IJlJ i:ll II RtVi iili jZ; -I:;JJ lJ ·------I------I ------1 9 6 9 q, 6 TJ 14, 15 II 1 9 6 9 il'-"' 5 **R 1 8 --·------103 li'l (Jill 19 6 9 ijollTJ 29,30 II 1969if 10Jl 258 '------1970 .t<· "'-'A ~,-A I ·,t,- 1 :.r:f.~:.r.~, :..1. ·-:z:..- : .!-1~ ·[:I 1970.i:jo1)] T /riJ 1969if. 12)1 1 u ------'I 102iiilf>iij~ (fljr;?iJII~';t:s'.d•.',!): '//';f-Y•:u,, @7/JO)}):{!iciitit (ill:~liA: iJ:I:iJ-VJ, i:l!i7klli:7G)o 103i•]f)ilj0 (1/t'JG,I,',j:;A.:): II~>:Jil'.11£4:~jJLii'IJ!.~xt'i!IWU~c{llrdo '//$Y•7.L-., :;iLf+lo);:t\I!LJiJ';-Jd-1-iili: ib.iifaLL\tJ: ~::,u~::.JYjJZ!i~if!E'JJ:il'.Jl!!{~{!?t.' CID:,JiA: li1i~i!XVL ','-:yzn::=.), NEWS ()) q:'Jo)JIJ~.iJ!:diJJ:{{j;:t;j.,:;g·:t, 1969 fjo 4} j 1 II i:.ill[l~:!:.'JLt~o jrij;f~·o) yofi:_J-'lt.:.;:, ;j;:i;-"O)yi:f¥j,U:.;l'JL.. 'L, i:p} ~~ ~ .t» < :num ~ --rrr --=>~-= o t) II Planktonic Conference (International Conference on Micro(and Nanno) Plankton) ;J:, 1970:1['..9 R 29 rJ J:: :J 10 Jl7s~·c-, Roma C:IJIJ(l)1'6ic:::.o $1Jp!~(lio U.S $30-. ~M:J\Ji, Dr. Bruno AccaRDI, II Planktonic Conference, Istituto di Geologia e Paleontologia, Citta Uni versitaria-00100 Roma, I tali a. © The 3rd International Conference on Palynology;):, 197lif., Novosibirsk, USSR ;:_;t;v'TIJiJ fill'0~l.;~o if*/jJUd:, Professor M. I. NEUSTADT, Institute of Geography of the Academy of Sciences of USSR, Staromonetny per-29, Moscow B-17, U.S.S.R. 1 9 6 8 if. 12 .R 20 13 ;(1- B*il1:.fu$~ 1 9 6 8 if. 12 .R 30 13 ***¥=Jill *=tmii!!Jt'¥:~(¥:F'SJ (fM ~ r::l ~ * ]]'(' 8 4 7 8 0 ill') W .!BU :11;1 Jf[ >lt '!.ill ~ .\l~ !K. :!:1 .:&: ~t 2 ; 13 600 p:J !of:Wirgjt!}~p.ftlJJt.K:A:~tl: '@ Ill :7G Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan New Series No. 73 April 30, 1969 CONTENTS TRANSACTIONS 548. FUJI, Norio: Fossil Spores and Pollen Grains from the Neogene Deposits in Noto Peninsula, Central Japan- I A Palynological Study of the Late Miocene Wakura Member 1 549. HA YAM I, ltaru : Occurrence of Tulcheria from the Lower Jurassic of West japan ...... 26 550. OZ AWA , Tomowo and HAY AM I, ltaru: Triassic Oxy loma Bed in the Sub- urbs of Ome City, Kwanto Mountains ...... 32 551. T AKA HASHI, Kiyoshi and YAO, Akira: Plant Microfossils from the Per- mian Sandstone in the Southern Marginal Area of the Tanba Belt...... 41 PROCEEDINGS ...... 49 T. miohenryana T. henryana X I X M ~ <:':> T. protojaponica T. japonica X 1 X X j X X X I M Liquidambar X I X X X R 1 L. miofor:osana .. ______!_/~rm~~!:_~ _____ ---··- -·· _____ ~ ---- ~. -- .. - --· Member and their modern distribution ~0 No 0 Modern Distribution I 1: Saghalien and Kurile Is., 2 : Hokkaido, 3: Northern Honshu, 4 : Central Honshu, 5: Southwe:otern Honshu, '-< 6: Kyushu and Shikoku, 7: Formosa and Loochoo Is., 8: Korea, 9: North China, 10 : Central China, 11: Southeastern China, 12: Southwestern China, 13: Manchuria and Primorskaya Prov. Habitat U: upland, M : mixed-slope, R : riparian and stream-side ...... '-0 20 Norio FUJI