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The Political Economy of the IRGC's Involvement in the Iranian Oil and Gas Industry
The Political Economy of the IRGC’s involvement in the Iranian Oil and Gas Industry: A Critical Analysis MSc Political Science (Political Economy) Thesis Research Project: The Political Economy of Energy University of Amsterdam, Graduate School of Social Sciences 5th June 2020 Author: Hamed Saidi Supervisor: Dr. M. P. (Mehdi) Amineh (1806679) Second reader: Dr. S. (Said) Rezaeiejan [This page is intentionally left blank] 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................ 3 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................... 7 Maps ................................................................................................................................................ 8 List of Figures and Tables ................................................................................................................. 10 List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ 11 I: RESEARCH DESIGN .................................................................................................................................... 13 1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ -
The Yale Review of International Studies Table of Contents • Acheson Prize Issue 2019
The Yale Review of International Studies Table of Contents • Acheson Prize Issue 2019 19 Letter from Second Place: the Editor "Historical Elisabeth Mirrorism" Siegel Trinh Truong First Place: "Importing Arms, Exporting the Revolution" 38 Rosa Shapiro- Third Place: Thompson "A Transcript from Nature" 54 Oriana Tang Crossword Contest 56 Honorable Mention: "Developing 72 Socially Honorable Conscious Mention: Curricula "Reverse for Somali Cap-and- Schools" Trade for Refugees" Noora Reffat Jordan Farenhem 1 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Putt Punyagupta Andrew Song Elisabeth Siegel Staff Zhen Tu Will Waddingham MANAGING EDITORS Jake Mezey GRAPHIC DESIGN Qusay Omran Elisabeth Siegel Lauren Song ASST. MANAGING EDITOR Mary Orsak Max Krupnick Numi Katz Leila Iskandarani OUTREACH COORDINATORS STAFF Juanita Garcia Coco Chai Tyler Jager Chase Finney Leila Iskandarani SENIOR EDITORS Tasnim Islam Max Krupnick Henry Suckow-Ziemer Alayna Lee Muriel Wang Joon Lee Jack McCordick EDITORS Mary Orsak Katrina Starbird Jorge Familiar-Avalos Juanita Garcia Ariana Habibi CONTRIBUTORS Tyler Jager Jordan Farenhem Numi Katz Noora Reffat Brandon Lu Rosa Shapiro-Thompson Deena Mousa Oriana Tang Minahil Nawaz Trinh Truong Sam Pekats ACHESON PRIZE JUDGING PANEL Ana de la O Torres, Associate Professor of Political Science Isaiah Wilson (Colonal, U.S. Army, ret.), Senior Lecturer at the Jackson Institute for Global Affairs Clare Lockhart, Director and co-Founder of the Institute for State Effectiveness & Senior Fellow at the Jackson Institute for Global Affairs Julia Adams, Professor of Sociology and International and Area Studies & Head of Grace Hopper College 2 Dear Reader, You might notice that we look a little different. Welcome to the brand new YRIS redesign, arriving just in time for my favorite issue of the year: the Acheson Prize Issue. -
TAKING BACK the NEIGHBORHOOD the IRGC Provincial Guard’S Mission to Re-Islamize Iran
THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY n JUNE 2020 n PN81 Saeid Golkar TAKING BACK THE NEIGHBORHOOD The IRGC Provincial Guard’s Mission to Re-Islamize Iran During 2019, the Islamic Republic of Iran erupted in nearly simultaneous public protests in cities across the country. Thousands of citizens stopped traffic along major highways, marched, and shouted complaints about the gasoline price hike that had ostensibly sparked the demonstrations in the first place. They also aired their broader complaints against the leadership. Indeed, more than forty years after the country’s Islamic Revolution, the Iranian regime has become more repressive than ever, with an apparatus that attempts to reach into every facet of life and society. The protests, for their part, were brutally quelled through force. This was a familiar experience for Iranians seeking to express their displeasure. Scholars and journalists have produced a growing body of literature on political repression in Iran and the regime’s oppressive tools, including the police and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in general.1 © 2020 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. SAEID GOLKAR But these studies focus mainly on the IRGC’s 1979, to protect itself against a possible coup by military and security role and its five official divisions: Iran’s conventional army, the Artesh. At the beginning the IRGC Ground Forces (IRGC-GF), Aerospace of the Iran-Iraq War, in September 1980, the IRGC Force (IRGC-ASF), Navy (IRGCN), Qods Force was rapidly expanded to include ten departments. It (IRGC-QF),2 and Basij organization.3 Only a handful incorporated the National Mobilization (Basij-e Melli), of studies cover the IRGC’s role in political suppression which was created independently several months and maintaining state control, leaving a gap in the earlier, on April 30, 1980. -
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2006 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 6, 2007
Iran* Page 1 of 24 Iran* Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2006 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 6, 2007 The Islamic Republic of Iran, with a population of approximately 68 million, is a constitutional, theocratic republic in which Shi'a Muslim clergy dominate the key power structures. Article Four of the constitution states that "All laws and regulations…shall be based on Islamic principles." Government legitimacy is based on the twin pillars of popular sovereignty (Article Six) and the rule of the Supreme Jurisconsulate, or Supreme Leader (Article Five). The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, dominated the tricameral structure of government (legislative, executive, and judicial branches). He was not directly elected but chosen by an elected body of religious leaders, the Assembly of Experts. Khamenei directly controlled the armed forces and exercised indirect control over the internal security forces, the judiciary, and other key institutions. Hardline conservative Mahmoud Ahmadinejad won the presidency in June 2005 in an election widely viewed as neither free nor fair. The legislative branch is the popularly elected 290-seat Islamic Consultative Assembly, or Majles. An unelected 12-member Guardian Council reviewed all legislation passed by the Majles for adherence to Islamic and constitutional principles and also screened presidential and Majles candidates for eligibility. The Majles was dominated by conservatives, due in part to the Guardian Council's extensive screening of candidates in the 2004 Majles elections. Prior to the June 2005 presidential elections, the Guardian Council excluded all but eight of the 1,014 candidates who registered, including all women. -
Persian Heri Tage
Persian Heri tage Persian Heritage Vol. 22, No. 88 Winter 2017 www.persian-heritage.com Persian Heritage, Inc. FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK 6 110 Passaic Avenue LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 8 Passaic, NJ 07055 E-mail: [email protected] NEWS Telephone: (973) 471-4283 Expelled Iranian Chess Player Switches to U.S. Team 9 Fax: 973 471 8534 Sculpture OF Maryam Mirzakhani Unveiled 10 EDITOR COMMENTARY SHAHROKH AHKAMI An Invented Term from the 20th Century 12 EDITORIAL BOARD (Kaveh Farrokh & Sheda Vasseghi) Dr. Mehdi Abusaidi, Shirin Ahkami Raiszadeh, Dr. Mahvash Alavi Naini, A Wonderful Gift Given 13 Mohammad Bagher Alavi, Dr. Talat Bassari, Mohammad H. Hakami, United States, Israel, Iran (Hooshang Guilak) 15 Ardeshir Lotfalian, K. B. Navi, Dr. Kamshad Raiszadeh, Farhang A. THE ARTS & CULTURE Sadeghpour, Mohammad K. Sadigh, M. A. Dowlatshahi. REVIEWS 18 MANAGING EDITOR Queen of Iran’s Skies 19 HALLEH NIA World’s Greatest Untapped Skiing Destination 20 ADVERTISING HALLEH NIA A Bloody Sunday (Jamshid Amouzgar) 21 * The contents of the articles and ad ver Felicitous Farewell to Fall 24 tisements in this journal, with the ex ception of the edi torial, are the sole works of each Awareness of Persian Qanats 25 in di vidual writers and contributors. This maga zine does not have any confirmed knowledge Notes on Iranian Cuisine(Maryam Ala Amjadi) 26 as to the truth and ve racity of these articles. all contributors agree to hold harmless and In the Memory of Behrouz Nournia 28 indemnify Persian Heri tage (Mirass-e Iran), Persian Heritage Inc., its editors, staff, board Rise of Iranian-Americans in Tech 29 of directors, and all those in di viduals di rectly associated with the publishing of this maga An Interview with Maryam Pirband 30 zine. -
King and Karabell BS
k o No. 2 • March 2011 o l Iran’s Secret Network: Major General Qassem t Suleimani’s Inner Circle u O By Ali Alfoneh This is the second in a series of Middle Eastern Outlooks about Qassem Suleimani.1 n r On January 24, 2011, Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei promoted Qassem Suleimani, chief of the Quds Force e of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), to major general, the highest rank in the IRGC since the end of t the Iran/Iraq war in 1988.2 As discussed in the first Outlook in this series, Suleimani’s rise to prominence in the IRGC has been gradual rather than meteoric. His personal and professional background and the Taliban takeover of s Afghanistan in the late 1990s helped advance his career. However, Suleimani’s network matters, too. This Outlook a identifies members of Suleimani’s network within and outside the IRGC. It also argues that fluctuations in their careers could serve as indicators of Suleimani’s authority in the Islamic Republic. E From September 1981 until the end of the Iraq competition, factionalism, and outright enmity e war in 1988, Suleimani was stationed at the between them. It is therefore important to seek l 3 Southern front. The Forty-First Tharallah reliable information about Suleimani’s factional d Division participated in most major military loyalties within the IRGC. operations under his command, and he was in d daily contact with all the important IRGC Suleimani’s Network within the IRGC i commanders. Suleimani maintained those relationships after the end of the war during This Outlook identifies two political letters signed M his tenure as IRGC Kerman chief, and after his by Suleimani and a group of other IRGC com- appointment as IRGC Quds Force chief sometime manders that shed light on Suleimani’s factional between September 10, 1997, and March 21, network within the IRGC. -
Political Influence but on the Effects That the Impression of Such
Durham E-Theses An assessment of the political will for oil and gas privatisation in Iran. Reza Molavi, How to cite: Reza Molavi, (2007) An assessment of the political will for oil and gas privatisation in Iran., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2578/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk AN ASSESSMENT OF THE POLITICAL WILL FOR OIL AND GAS PRIVATISATION IN IRAN Reza Molavi The copyright of this thesis rests with the author or the university to which it was submitted. No quotation from it, or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author or university, and any information derived from it should be acknowledged. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Durham University, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Government and International Affairs, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Apri12007 1 8 APR 2008 ABSTRACT This study explores issues surrounding the potential for the privatisation of some of Iran's national institutions. -
03Haddock Danesh.Pdf (1.963Mb)
Iranian Studies Program The UNIVERSITY of OKLAHOMA® College of International Studies i DĀNESH: The OU Undergraduate Journal of Iranian Studies Published under the auspices of the OU Iranian Studies Program, the Center for Middle Eastern Studies, the Department of International and Area Studies, and the College of International Studies at the University of Oklahoma. Volume 1 (2016) Editors-in-Chief Andrew Akhlaghi Elena T. Gharipour Associate Editors Ellie Bednarek Jonah Gellman Samuel McCann Wajeeha Siddiqui Jiyoun Yoo Graphic Design Elena T. Gharipour Faculty Advisor Afshin Marashi © 2016, University of Oklahoma. Dānesh is a peer-reviewed undergraduate journal published annually in a single volume by students at the University of Oklahoma’s College of International Studies. Correspondence should be addressed to OU Iranian Studies Program, Department of International and Area Studies, 729 Elm Ave, Hester Hall, Room 304, Norman, OK 73019. Email: [email protected]. Weblink: http://goo.gl/N5DVbK ii DĀNESH: The OU Undergraduate Journal of Iranian Studies Volume 1 (2016) Contents From the Faculty Advisor iv From the Editors-in-Chief v ARTICLES Unlikely Compromise: A History of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, 1981-2015 Patrick Weigant 1 Unintended Consequences: The Impact of Sanctions on the Iranian Pharmaceutical Industry Elizabeth Vernon 11 Iran-Contradiction: The Implications of the Arms-for-Hostages Scandal for US-Iranian Relations Monica Haddock 19 Painful Desires: The Creation of the Iran-Contra Affair Heath Rosenberger 29 Operation Eagle Claw: The Ramifications of Political Divisions in U.S. Decision-Making During the Iranian Hostage Crisis of 1979-1981 Mary Bowman 38 Celebrity on the Peacock Throne: Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi’s Superstar Portrayal In U.S. -
Of Sayyid Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
A PROFILE OF HAZRAT-E AYATOLLAH AL-OZMA SAYYID MAHMOUD HASHEMI SHAHROUDI COMPILED BY SAYYID MAHMOUD KHATIB In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate. IN THE NAME OF GOD INTRADUCTION Hazrat-e Ayatollah al-Ozma Sayyid Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi is considered as one of the most prominent students of the late Marja’, Ayatollah al-Ozma Sayyid Muhammad Bagher Sadr. He started his scientific life with the study in Howzah of Najaf. Because of having a keen intelligence, detailed understanding and extraordinary talent for learning, he could achieve the scientific degrees quickly and became one of the most prominent professors of the old Howzah. He was given the authority of the absolute Ijtehad by his professor, Shahid Sadr, in the third decade of his blessed life. It is noteworthy to mention that Shahid Sadr didn’t give the authority of absolute Ijtehad to anyone except him. Ayatollah Hashemi Shahroudi was also involved in the cultural, social and political activities in that time and because of that, he was pursued by the criminal regime of Ba’th, then arrested and tortured. By the request of his professor, Shahid Sadr, he finally emigrated to Iran a little 5 after the victory of Islamic Revolution in 1980 and then dwelled in Qom. His Excellency presence in Howzah of Qom provided some conditions for the clergymen and the outstanding scholars to gather around him and benefit from his infinite knowledge and Ijtehad. In recognition of his services to Islam, the Muslims and Howzahs and according to the amount of our knowledge about him, we found it necessary to offer a summary of the most important periods of his religious and scientific life and his intellectuals, cultural, jihadi and political positions; in the hope of providing an opportunity for the youth to know and consider him as an exemplar of their lives. -
The Security and Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: an Offensive Realism Perspective
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 12-16-2009 The Security and Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: An Offensive Realism Perspective Bledar Prifti University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Prifti, Bledar, "The Security and Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: An Offensive Realism Perspective" (2009). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1743 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Security and Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: An Offensive Realism Perspective By Bledar Prifti A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art Department of Government and International Affairs College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Abdelwahab Hechiche, Ph.D. Harry E. Vanden, Ph.D. M. Scott Solomon, Ph.D. Date of Approval: December 16, 2009 Keywords: velayat-e faqih, pragmatism, ultimate ideology, anarchy, survival, self-help, hegemony, nuclear program © Copyright 2010, Bledar Prifti Dedication To my dear parents and my beloved wife, Suela. To my adorable niece, Elisa, and nephew, Ergi. I love you all very much! Acknowledgments Special thanks go to my humble and wonderful professor, Dr. Abdelwahab Hechiche— Hiba, whose words, ideas, advices, and recommendations have inspired and helped me throughout the process of completing this work. -
Iran: COI Compilation July 2018
BEREICH | EVENTL. ABTEILUNG | WWW.ROTESKREUZ.AT ACCORD - Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation Iran: COI Compilation July 2018 This report serves the specific purpose of collating legally relevant information on conditions in countries of origin pertinent to the assessment of claims for asylum. It is not intended to be a general report on human rights conditions. The report is prepared within a specified time frame on the basis of publicly available documents as well as information provided by experts. All sources are cited and fully referenced. This report is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Every effort has been made to compile information from reliable sources; users should refer to the full text of documents cited and assess the credibility, relevance and timeliness of source material with reference to the specific research concerns arising from individual applications. © Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD An electronic version of this report is available on www.ecoi.net. Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD Wiedner Hauptstraße 32 A- 1040 Vienna, Austria Phone: +43 1 58 900 – 582 E-Mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.redcross.at/accord This report was commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Division of International Protection. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it endorse, its content. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ 4 1 Background information ......................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Geographical information .................................................................................................... 5 1.1.1 Map of Iran .................................................................................................................. -
Voting for Populism: an Analysis of Iran's 2005 Presidential Election*
Draft, Not for Quotation Voting for Populism: An Analysis of Iran's 2005 Presidential Election* Hadi Salehi Esfahani Department of Economics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA [email protected] Djavad Salehi-Isfahani Department of Economics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA [email protected] Ali Hashemi Department of Economics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA [email protected] August 2008 Abstract The 2005 upset election of President Ahmadinejad and the defeat of the reformists have generated much commentary about voter concerns and political behavior in Iran. We employ the district-level results of this election to shed light on the socio-economic factors that contributed to Ahmadinejad's popularity among Iranian voters. Since the Islamic Revolution of 1979 there have been on average about one nation- wide election per year. The last two presidents were surprise landslide winners, highlighting the fact that there is little is known about Iran's complex electoral politics. Both elections significantly changed the dynamics of domestic politics and economic policy and reshaped the regional and international political landscape. In particular, the 2005 election brought into question the reformist agenda of the previous eight years and reaffirmed poverty reduction, equality, and religious observance as central factors that shape political behavior in Iran. Our statistical results show that both social and economic factors played important roles in the electoral participation and voting patterns. In particular, all candidates realized that the large young cohorts will be determining the outcome of elections and appealed to them. However, all but Ahmadinejad were of older generations and lacked his record of delivering benefits directly to this group.