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Vanemad Ja Lapsed Oma Identiteedi Otsinguil

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Vanemad Ja Lapsed Oma Identiteedi Otsinguil MÄRKUSED JA BIBLIOGRAAFIA 1 KÄBID JA KÄNNUD MÄRKUSEDVanemad JA BIBLIOGRAAFIA ja lapsed oma identiteedi otsinguil Inglise keelest tõlkinud Reet Hiiemäe ja Kadri Metsma MÄRKUSED Raamatus on märkuste lühendatud variant; põhjalikuma variandi leiab veebilehelt: www. andrewsolomon.com/far-from-the-tree-footnotes/. Mõned märkused märkuste kohta. Esiteks andsin ma kõikidele oma intervjueeritavatele valida, kas nad soovivad, et neid tsiteeritakse nime või pseudonüümiga. Märkustes olen osu- tanud kõikidele pseudonüümidele. Kuigi ma püüdsin pseudonüümi all tsiteeritud isikuid kujutada nii tõetruult kui võimalik, muutsin ma mõningal määral isiklikku teavet, et kaitsta nende inimeste privaatsust, kes seda soovisid. Märkustes on andmed kõikide tsiteeritud kirjalike allikate kohta; kõik muu pärineb isiklikest intervjuudest, mis toimusid ajavahemikus 1994–2012. Kuna ma ei tahtnud venitada seda raamatut veel pikemaks, kui see niigi on, ega ehtida seda väljajätumärkidega, lühendasin lihtsalt mõningaid kirjalikust materjalist pärit tsitaate. Tsitaatide tervikteksti võib leida minu veebilehel toodud märkustest. Epigraaf Vt The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens (1990), lk 193–194. I: Poeg 12 Winnicotti ütlus pärineb artiklist „Anxiety associated with insecurity” (lk 98), mis on avaldatud raamatus Through Paediatrics to Psycho-analysis (1958). 13 Minu uurimistöö Kurtide kultuuri alal päädis artikliga „Defiantly deaf”, New York Times Magazine, 29. august 1994. 13 Korporatsiooni Cochlear veebilehel (http://www.cochlear.com) on arvukaid viiteid sõnale „ime”; vt ka nt Aaron ja Nechama Parnesi ülevaadet „Celebrating the miracle of the cochlear implant” 2007. aastal toimunud sisekõrvaimplantaadiga inimeste peo kohta veebilehel http://www.hearingpocket.com/celebration1.shtml. Selle nähtuse teise tahu kohta vt Paddy Ladd, Understanding Deaf Culture: In Search of Deafhood (2003), lk 415: „1990. aastatel algatas geneetikateadus protsessi, mille käigus püüti jõuda jälile „kurtuse geenile”, tuues teoreetilisse käeulatusse selle, mida võib nimetada lõpplahenduseks – ehk Kurtide inimeste täielikuks väljajuurimiseks.” Harlan Lane võrdles püüdeid kurtust välja juurida püüetega välja juurida etnilisi rühmi, vt Paul Davies, „Deaf culture clash”, Wall Street Journal, 25. aprill 2005. 13 Pikemalt implantaatide paigaldamiseks ideaalse ea kohta vt käesoleva raamatu teisest peatükist „Kurdid”. 14 Uuringute hulka, mis osutavad, et lastel, kes ei sarnane oma isaga, on suurem risk lan- geda väärkohtlemise ohvriks, kuuluvad nt Rebecca Burch George Gallup, „Perceptions of paternal resemblance predict family violence”, Evolution & Human Behavior 21, nr 6. 4 KÄBID JA KÄNNUD (november 2000); Hongli Li ja Lei Chang, „Paternal harsh parenting in relation to paternal versus child characteristics: The moderating effect of paternal resemblance belief”, Acta Psychologica Sinica 39, nr 3 (2007). 15 Teoloog John Polkinghorne esitas selle tõlgenduse vastavalt oma teadmistele Diraci kohta kirjutises Science and Theology: An Introduction (1998), lk 31: „Ask a quantum entity a particle-like question and you will get a particle-like answer; ask a wave-like question and you will get a wave-like answer.” 16 Lause „Ma tean ainult seda, mille kohta mul on sõnad” on pärit Ludwig Wittgensteini teose Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922) osast 5.6: „Die Grenzen meiner Sprache bedeuten die Grenzen meiner Welt.” C. K. Ogden tõlgib selle nii: „The limits of my lan- guage mean the limits of my world” [Minu keele piirid tähendavad minu maailma piire]; see versioon esineb Ludwig Wittgensteini raamatus Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922), lk 149. 16 Vanasõna inglise versioonis on käbi asemel õun, vt märksõna „õun” raamatus The Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs, toim Jennifer Speake (2009): „Õun ei kuku kunagi puust kaugele: tõenäoliselt idapoolse algupäraga, kasutatakse sageli selleks, et viidata perekonnas esine- vate omaduste järjepidevusele. Vrd 16. sajandi Saksa vanasõna der Apfel fellt nicht gerne weit vom Baume.” 16 Lev Tolstoi Anna Karenina alguslause. „Õnnelikud perekonnad on kõik ühesugused; iga õnnetu perekond on õnnetu omal moel.” 18 Geide laste varase arengu kohta võib lugeda: Richard C. Friedman, Male Homosexuality: A Contemporary Psychoanalytic Perspective (1990), lk 16–21. 19 Rohkem teavet sooliselt ebatüüpilise värvide eelistamise kohta homoseksuaalsuse tunde- märgina vt Vanessa LoBue ja Judy S. DeLoache, „Pretty in pink: The early development of gender-stereotyped colour preferences”, British Journal of Developmental Psychology 29, nr 3 (september 2011). 22 Unustamatu viimane rida „Aga kuhu nad ka eales ei läheks ja mis nendega tee peal iganes ei juhtuks, tolles Võlutud Paigas Metsa kõige kõrgemal künkal mängib üks väike poiss ikka ja alati oma armsa Karuga” A. A. Milne’i teosest Karupoeg Puhh. 23 Vt Amos Kamil, „Prep-school predators: The Horace Mann School’s secret history of sexual abuse”, New York Times Magazine, 6. juuni 2012. 25 Tsitaat „Nad olid haavatud, segaduses inimesed” pärineb Peter Lappini Facebooki pos- titusest. 26 Rohkem teavet surrogaatpartnerile võimaldatava teraapia kohta vt International Profes- sional Surrogates Association, http://surrogatetherapy.org/. 27 See geisid hukkamõistev tsitaat pärineb artiklist „The homosexual in America”, Time, 21. jaanuar 1966. 28 Hendrik Hertzberg, „The Narcissus survey”, New Yorker, 5. jaanuar 1998. 28 22. detsembril 2011 allkirjastas Michigani kuberner Rick Snyder seaduse 4770 (nüüdseks ametlikult tuntud kui „Public Act 297 of 2011”) nimetusega the Public Employee Domestic Partner Benefit Restriction Act. Seaduse 4770 tekst ja õiguslik ajalugu leidub Michigani legislatuuri veebilehel: http://www.legislature.mi.gov/mileg.aspx?page=getobject&ob- jectname=2011-HB-4770. 29 Uganda kohta vt Josh Kron, „Resentment toward the West bolsters Uganda’s antigay bill”, New York Times, 29. veebruar 2012; Clar Ni Chonghaile, „Uganda anti-gay bill resurrected in parliament”, Guardian, 8. veebruar 2012; vt ka üleülejärgmist märkust viitega Scott Livelyle. 29 Kirjeldus geide piinamise ja mõrvamise kohta Iraagis pärineb allikast: Matt McAllester, „The hunted”, New York, 4. oktoober 2009. 29 Seriaali „This American Life” osa „81 Words” (http://www.thisamericanlife.org/ radio-archives/episode/204/81-Words) on kokkuvõtlik kirjeldus homoseksuaalsuse eemal- damise kohta nimistust Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; vt ka Ronald Bayer, Homosexuality and American Psychiatry: The Politics of Diagnosis (1981). 29 Lõik osutab allikale: Scott Lively, Redeeming the Rainbow: A Christian Response to the MÄRKUSED 5 „Gay” Agenda” (2009). Üks Uganda geiõiguste aktivistide rühm algatas hiljuti Scott Lively vastu hagi, pannes talle süüks geide tagakiusamisele õhutamist oma riigis: Laurie Goods- tein, „Ugandan gay rights group sues U.S. evangelist”, New York Times, 14. märts 2012. 30 Surrogaatema kasutanud mehe vastus Ray Blanchardile: „Fraternal birth order and the maternal immune hypothesis of male homosexuality”, Hormones & Behavior 40, nr 2 (september 2001), ning seda on kirjeldatud allikas: Alice Domurat Dreger, „Womb gay”, Hastings Center Bioethics Forum, 4. detsember 2008. 30 Vaidlus, mis seostus Maria Iandolo New’ soovitusega manustada rasedatele naistele dek- sametasooni, on ära toodud allikas: Shari Roan, „Medical treatment carries possible side effect of limiting homosexuality”, Los Angeles Times, 15. august 2010. 31 Näitena sellest, kuidas afroameeriklastele tundub sobimatu, kui geid kasutavad kodaniku- õiguste sõnavara, vt sedastust, mille esitas Põhja-Carolina kirikuõpetaja Patrick Wooden, tsiteeritud allikast: David Kaufman, „Tensions between black and gay groups rise anew in advance of anti-gay marriage vote in N.C.”, Atlantic, 4. mai 2012: „Afroameeriklasi häirib, et nende kodanikuõiguste liikumist kasutab oma huvides nn homoseksuaalide kodanikuõiguste liikumine. On solvav, on vihastamapanev, kui LGBT-rühmad väidavad, et mustanahalisuse ja homoseksuaalsuse vahel pole mingit vahet.” 32 „Kui sa näitad seda, mis sinu sees on” on 70. tarkusesõna, vt Elaine H. Pagels, Beyond Belief: The Secret Gospel of Thomas (2003), lk 53. 32 Emade sooritatud lapsetappude statistika esineb teoses: James Alan Fox ja Marianne W. Zawitz, Homicide trends in the United States (2007) tabelis „Homicide Type by Gender, 1976–2005”, lk 42. Vt ka Steven Pinker, „Why they kill their newborns”, New York Times, 2. november 1997. 32 Lähemalt selle kohta, kuidas vanemad jätavad nähtava puudega lapsi hooletusse: vt Meira Weiss, Conditional Love: Parents’ Attitudes Toward Handicapped Children (1994), lk 152–154. Iganenud, kuid siiski kasutuskõlblik kirjandusülevaade perekonna harjumise kohta tõsiseid põletuskahjustusi saanud lastega: Dale W. Wisely, Frank T. Masur ja Sam B. Morgan, „Psychological aspects of severe burn injuries in children”, Health Psychology 2, nr 1 (talv 1983). 32 Ühest haiguste kontrolli ja ennetamise keskuse hiljutisest uuringust selgus, et enamikul adopteeritud lastel on olulisi terviseprobleeme ja puudeid. Aruande koostasid Matthew D. Bramlett, Laura F. Radel ja Stephen J. Blumberg ja see ilmus artiklina „The health and well-being of adopted children”, Pediatrics 119, lisa 1 (1. veebruar 2007). 33 Terminit „kommertslik eugeenika” kasutati esimest korda artiklis: M. MacNaughton, „Ethics and reproduction”, American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 162, nr 4 (aprill 1990). 33 Vt Francis Fukuyama, Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolu- tion (2002). 34 Freud uurib emotsiooni polaarsust seoses armastuse ja vihkamisega raamatus
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