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FIELDIANA Geology FIELDIANA Geology Published by Field Museum of Natural History New Series, No. 7 REVIEW OF THE HATHLYACYNINAE, AN EXTINCT SUBFAMILY OF SOUTH AMERICAN "DOG-LIKE" MARSUPIALS LARRY G. MARSHALL MAY 5 m\ April 30, 1981 Publication 1318 REVIEW OF THE HATHLYACYNINAE, AN EXTINCT SUBFAMILY OF SOUTH AMERICAN "DOG-LIKE" MARSUPIALS FIELDIANA Geology Published by Field Museum of Natural History New Series, No. 7 REVIEW OF THE HATHLYACYNINAE, AN EXTINCT SUBFAMILY OF SOUTH AMERICAN "DOG-LIKE" MARSUPIALS LARRY G. MARSHALL Assistant Curator of Fossil Mammals Department of Geology Field Museum of Natural History Accepted for publication July 11, 1980 April 30, 1981 Publication 1318 Library of Congress Catalog Card No.: 80-69140 ISSN 0096-2651 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTENTS List of Illustrations vi List of Tables viii Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Abbreviations 2 Acknowledgments 2 Systematics 5 Superfamily Borhyaenoidea 5 Family Borhyaenidae 5 Subfamily Hathlyacyninae 5 Patene 6 P. simpsoni 7 P. coluapiensis 13 Procladosictis 16 P. anomala 16 P. erecta (nomen xnnum) 18 Pseudocladosictis 18 P. determinabile (nomen vanum) 18 Pseudonotictis gen. nov. 19 P. pusillus 19 Notictis 24 N. ortizi 24 Perathereutes 26 P. pungens 26 Borhyaenidium 30 B. musteloides 31 B. nggsi sp. nov 37 Sipalocyon 40 S. externa 42 S. gracilis 44 S. obusta 60 Notocynus 63 N. hermosicus 63 Notogale 65 N. mitis 65 N. tenuis (nomen vanum) 72 Cladosictis 73 C. centralis 73 C. patagonica 79 Chasicostylus 95 C. castroi 95 Anatherium 99 A. herrerae sp. nov 103 A. defossus 103 Hathlyacyninae, Indeterminate 108 Summary of Evolution of Hathlyacyninae 108 Literature Cited 117 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Map of South America showing some vertebrate fossil localities 3 2. Map of southern tip of South America showing vertebrate fossil localities .... 4 3. Patene simpsoni Paula Couto, 1952a (Riochican) 7 4. Patene simpsoni Paula Couto, 1952a (Riochican) 8 5. Patene simpsoni Paula Couto, 1952a (Riochican) 9 6. Patene simpsoni Paula Couto, 1952a (Riochican) 10 7. Patene simpsoni Paula Couto, 1952a (Riochican) 11 8. Patene simpsoni Paula Couto, 1952a (Riochican) 13 9. Patene coluapiensis Simpson, 1935 (Casamayoran) 14 10. Patene coluapiensis Simpson, 1935 (Casamayoran) 15 11. Procladosictis anomala Ameghino, 1902b (Mustersan) 16 12. Procladosictis anomala Ameghino, 1902b (Mustersan) 17 13. Pseudonotictis pusillus (Ameghino, 1891c) (Santacrucian) 20 14. Pseudonotictis pusillus (Ameghino, 1891c) (Santacrucian) 22 15. Pseudonotictis pusillus (Ameghino, 1891c) (Santacrucian) 23 16. Pseudonotictis pusillus (Ameghino, 1891c) (Santacrucian) 24 17. Notictis ortizi Ameghino, 1889 (Huayquerian) 25 18. Notictis ortizi Ameghino, 1889 (Huayquerian) 25 19. Perathereutes pungens Ameghino, 1891c (Santacrucian) 27 20. Perathereutes pungens Ameghino, 1891c (Santacrucian) 28 21. Perathereutes pungens Ameghino, 1891c (Santacrucian) 28 22. Borhyaenidium musteloides Pascual & Bocchino, 1963 (Huayquerian) 32 23. Borhyaenidium musteloides Pascual & Bocchino, 1963 (Huayquerian) 34 24. Borhyaenidium musteloides Pascual & Bocchino, 1963 (Huayquerian) 35 25. Borhyaenidium musteloides Pascual & Bocchino, 1963 (Huayquerian) 36 26. Borhyaenidium riggsi sp. nov. (Montehermosan) 37 27. Borhyaenidium riggsi sp. nov. (Montehermosan) 38 28. Borhyaenidium riggsi sp. nov. (Montehermosan) 39 29. Borhyaenidium riggsi sp. nov. (Montehermosan) 40 30. Sipalocyon externa (Ameghino, 1902c) (Colhuehuapian) 41 31. Sipalocyon externa (Ameghino, 1902c) (Colhuehuapian) 42 32. Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 45 33. Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 45 34. Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 46 35. Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 46 36. Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 47 37. Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 48 38. Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 52 39. Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 54 40. Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 55 41. Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 56 42. Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 58 43. Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 59 44. Sipalocyon obusta (Ameghino, 1891c) (Santacrucian) 60 45. Sipalocyon obusta (Ameghino, 1891c) (Santacrucian) 61 46. Sipalocyon obusta (Ameghino, 1891c) (Santacrucian) 61 47. Notocynus hermosicus Mercerat, 1891b (Montehermosan) 64 vi vii 48. Notoq/nus hermosicus Mercerat, 1891b (Montehermosan) 65 49. Notogale mitis (Ameghino, 1897) (Deseadan) 66 50. Notogale mitis (Ameghino, 1897) (Deseadan) 67 51. Notogale mitis (Ameghino, 1897) (Deseadan) 69 52. Notogale mitis (Ameghino, 1897) (Deseadan) 70 53. Notogale mitis (Ameghino, 1897) (Deseadan) 71 54. Notogale mitis (Ameghino, 1897) (Deseadan) 71 55. Notogale mitis (Ameghino, 1897) (Deseadan) 72 56. Cladosictis centralis Ameghino, 1902c (Colhuehuapian) 74 57. Cladosictis centralis Ameghino, 1902c (Colhuehuapian) 75 58. Cladosictis centralis Ameghino, 1902c (Colhuehuapian) 77 59. Cladosictis centralis Ameghino, 1902c (Colhuehuapian) 78 60. Cladosictis patagonica Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 80 61. Cladosictis patagonica Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 81 62. Cladosictis patagonica Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 82 63. Cladosictis patagonica Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 83 64. Cladosictis patagonica Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 84 65. Cladosictis patagonica Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 86 66. Cladosictis patagonica Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 90 67. Cladosictis patagonica Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 91 68. Chasicostylus castroi Reig, 1957 (Chasicoan) 96 69. Chasicostylus castroi Reig, 1957 (Chasicoan) 97 70. Chasicostylus castroi Reig, 1957 (Chasicoan) 98 71. Chasicostylus castroi Reig, 1957 (Chasicoan) 99 72. Anatherium herrerae sp. nov. (Colhuehuapian) 100 73. Anatherium herrerae sp. nov. (Colhuehuapian) 101 74. Anatherium defossus Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 104 75. Anatherium defossus Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 105 76. Anatherium defossus Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 106 77. Anatherium defossus Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 107 78. Anatherium defossus Ameghino, 1887 (Santacrucian) 107 79. Comparison of upper dentitions of various species of Hathlyacyninae showing relative size and proportions of teeth 109 80. Comparison of lower dentitions of various species of Hathlyacyninae showing relative size and proportions of teeth 110 81. Size distribution of various species of Hathlyacyninae as indicated by length of MM 112 82. Size distribution of various species of Hathlyacyninae as indicated by relationship of length and width of M, 114 83. Dendrogram showing probable phylogenetic relationships of the genera and species of Hathlyacyninae 115 LIST OF TABLES 1. Measurements of cheek teeth of Patene simpsoni and P. coluapiensis 12 2. Measurements of cheek teeth of Pseudonotictis pusillus and Notictis ortizi 21 3. Measurements of mandibular rami of Pseudonotictis pusillus and Notictis ortizi . 21 4. Measurements of lower cheek teeth and mandibular rami of Perathereutes pungens 29 5. Measurements of cheek teeth of Borhyaenidium musteloides, B. riggsi sp. nov, and Notocynus hermosicus 33 6. Measurements of mandibular rami of Borhyaenidium musteloides, B. riggsi sp. nov., and Notocynus hermosicus 34 7. Measurements of upper dentition of Sipalocyon externa 43 8. Measurements of mandibular rami of Sipalocyon gracilis 49 9. Statistics for some dimensions of mandibular rami of Sipalocyon gracilis 49 10. Measurements of upper cheek teeth of Sipalocyon gracilis 50 11. Statistics for some upper cheek tooth dimensions of Sipalocyon gracilis 51 12. Measurements of lower cheek teeth of Sipalocyon gracilis 53 13. Statistics for some lower cheek tooth dimensions of Sipalocyon gracilis 54 14. Measurements of cheek teeth and mandibular rami of Sipalocyon obusta 62 15. Measurements of cheek teeth of Notogale mitis 68 16. Measurements of lower cheek teeth of Cladosictis centralis 76 17. Measurements of mandibular rami of Cladosictis patagonica 81 18. Statistics for some dimensions of mandibular rami of Cladosictis patagonica .... 82 19. Measurements of upper cheek teeth of Cladosictis patagonica 88 20. Statistics for some upper cheek tooth dimensions of Cladosictis patagonica 89 21 . Measurements of lower cheek teeth of Cladosictis patagonica 92 22. Statistics for some lower cheek tooth dimensions of Cladosictis patagonica 94 23. Measurements of cheek teeth of Chasicostylus castroi 97 24. Measurements of lower cheek teeth of Anatherium defossus and A. herrerae sp. nov 102 25. Measurements of mandibular rami of Anatherium defossus and A. herrerae sp. nov 103 26. Summary of some diagnostic characters for genera of Hathlyacyninae Ill ABSTRACT Members of the extinct "dog-like" marsupial subfamily HATHLYACYNINAE (Borhyaenidae, Borhyaenoidea) are known from beds of Late Paleocene (Rio- chican) through Pliocene (Montehermosan) age in Argentina and beds of early Oligocene (Deseadan) age in Bolivia. Twelve genera and 18 species are recog- nized: Patene simpsoni Paula Couto, 1952; Patene coluapiensis Simpson, 1935; Pro- cladosictis anomala Ameghino, 1902; Pseudonotictis pusillus (Ameghino, 1891) gen. nov.; Notictis ortizi Ameghino, 1889; Perathereutes pungens Ameghino, 1891; Bor- hyaenidium musteloides Pascual & Bocchino, 1963; Borhyaenidium riggsi sp. nov.; Sipalocyon externa (Ameghino, 1902); Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino, 1887; Sipalo- cyon obusta (Ameghino, 1891); Notocynus hermosicus Mercerat, 1891; Notogale mitis (Ameghino, 1897); Cladosictis centralis Ameghino,
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