Florida Atlantic University Undergraduate Law Journal 2020
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SPRING 2020 UNDERGRADUATE LAW JOURNAL Officers: Editor-in-Chief . Stephan Schneider Secretary/Editor-in-Chief . Samantha A. Maciel Treasurer . .Yossra El-Sharawy Secretary (Fall 2019) . .Steven Robinson Editing Board: • Ariana Anderson, Amanda Heine, Emily Herrera, Samantha A. Maciel, Sayd Hussain, Stephan Schneider, Steven Robinson, Yossra El-Sharawy Faculty Advisors: • Paul Koku, Ph.D., J.D. • Dalel Bader, J.D. • Anthony J. Horky, Esq. • Cheryl Arflin, J.D. The Florida Atlantic University Undergraduate Law Journal is published online by FAU Digital Library and is available at http://journals.fcla.edu/FAU_UndergraduateLawJournal. The Undergraduate Law Journal is also a contributor to an Intercollegiate Undergraduate Law Journal which may be viewed at http://intercollegiatelawjournal.com/. For submission guidelines and membership information, please contact [email protected] or [email protected]. You may also find additional information about the Pre-Law initiative at FAU at https://www.fau.edu/prelaw. Copyright 2020 Florida Atlantic University Undergraduate Law Journal. Authors retain copyrights but grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contracts for their personal article, as well as offer it for publication in an institutional repository or publish it in a book, etc., provided the article includes an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. 1 SPRING 2020 UNDERGRADUATE LAW JOURNAL Letter from the Editor-in-Chief As the school year draws to a close, I wish to congratulate and give thanks to all our student authors, faculty members, and executive board for their tireless work. They dedicated their time, efforts, and hearts to the journal. Without their commitment and hard work, this publication wouldn’t be possible. I would also like to give special thanks to our phenomenal Treasurer, Yossra El-Sharawy, for being my number two throughout the entire publication process. I couldn’t have asked for anyone else to be by my side. I would further like to express my deep appreciation and gratitude to advisors Dr. Cheryl Arflin and Anthony Horky, for their tremendous help and guidance. When I assumed the duties of Editor-in-Chief in March, they were always there to assist and lend a helping hand. Lastly, I’d like to give thanks our very own Stephan Schneider, whose commitment to the journal knows no bounds, despite graduating in Fall. I have never met an Editor-in-Chief with quite such dedication to the journal before. Below, I have included his own letter, whose kind sentiments I echo greatly: This year marked a new chapter for our journal. After publication of our last journal, our illustrious founder and advisor, Cheryl Arflin, announced her well-deserved retirement from teaching. Unfortunately, this also meant the end of her advising role. While we were blessed to reach out to her for any advice, we owed it to future generations at the journal to rebuild our organization so that it could exist without its prodigious founder. However, the ULJ did not only focus on internal operations. In an effort to start a law symposium, I was able to bring Boca Raton mayor, Scott Singer, to campus for the first time. Drawing from his experience as a lawyer and as mayor, he shared his thoughts on how law and politics could be used to serve the community. As I think back on this year, I want to thank my executive board, my editing board, and the advisors for all their hard work. I especially want to thank Samantha Maciel and 2 SPRING 2020 UNDERGRADUATE LAW JOURNAL Yossra El-Sharawy for their tremendous efforts. Thank you for all your great advice, your wonderful support, and your exemplary leadership. I could not have asked for a better team and I left my office at the ULJ knowing that it was in more than capable hands. Finally, I want to thank the wonderful authors featured in this journal. This journal exists to help FAU students share their ideas on issues of law. Having written for the journal myself, I can attest to the hard work each and every student- author has put in. This year, we feature wonderful topics ranging from drone law, white collar crime, abortion, credit, and cyber warfare. These articles will be published in a physical book and online. Please visit our website (www.journals.fcla.edu/fau_undergraduatelawjournal) to view our full archives of journals. If you have any questions or you wish to send a message to a specific author, please reach out to [email protected]. Thank you for your continued support of our journal and I know you will enjoy the knowledge contained within this book. Sincerely yours, Stephan G. Schneider Editor-in-Chief | The Undergraduate Law Journal of FAU, 2019-2020 With that said, I am proud to see this year’s journal touch upon quite a few exciting topics, from medical malpractice, property rights, drone law, credit checks, and more. It is my sincerest hope that this journal continues to be a vehicle for students to explore a variety of legal issues, as it has done for the past 10 years. Happy reading! Best wishes, Samantha A. Maciel Secretary/Editor-in-Chief, Undergraduate Law Journal, 2020 3 SPRING 2020 UNDERGRADUATE LAW JOURNAL Table of Contents List of Officers and Editing Board . 1 Letter from the Editor-in-Chief . 2 Table of Contents . 4 The Gray Area of White-Collar Crime: It Isn’t Black or White by Stephan G. Schneider . .7 This manuscript expands upon the ideas of Andy Fastow, the former CFO of Enron. The author works to explain white collar crime through the lens of a newly developed perspective - The Gray Area Perspective. Using this framework, one begins to make sense of white collar crime and why it is so difficult to stop it from happening. Fourth Amendment Considerations in the Utilization of Drones by Law Enforcement by Samantha A. Maciel . 37 This article explores the constitutional issues arising from law enforcement's use of drone technology as a means of surveillance and analyzes how our general right to privacy might be affected. It considers what existing case law suggests about drone usage and examines the Fourth Amendment's privacy implications through existing Fourth Amendment search theories — the reasonable expectation of privacy test, the trespass test, and the mosaic theory — to determine how they can be applied to drone technology. Jurisprejudice: Acknowledging the Factor of Race in the Legal System, A Discussion on Wrongful Conviction by Jovanni Toussaint . .. 56 This article hopes to bring clarity to what seems to be a neglected issue: the concept that the justice system continuously fails to properly defend against the systemic racism that affects the judicial process, leading black men to be the leading demographic among the wrongfully convicted. While wrongful convictions could affect any individual, there seems to be a disproportionate number of cases attributed to those belonging to the black community. The 4 SPRING 2020 UNDERGRADUATE LAW JOURNAL notion of implicit racial biases may be viewed as a notable component, one that determines the way in which people of this particular community move through the world including the courtroom. An Insight on Credit Checks for Employment Purposes: The Numerous Issues Associated and the Comprehensive Credit Act of 2020 by Yossra El-Sharawy. 90 The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) enacted in 1970, addresses the use of credit reports for employment purposes. In the last few months, The House introduced H.R 3621, a bill that drastically amends the FCRA, and if passed by the Senate, the bill will address the prevalent issues as well as have a profound impact on hiring practices. This article examines the FCRA, the issues concerning credit checks for employment purposes, and the current amendments proposed. But It’s My Choice, Right? Abortion Law Reform in the United States by LaTasha Ross . 106 Since the 1900s, abortion has been a topic of mass and continuous scrutiny in our nation. From Griswold v. Connecticut to June Medical Services v. Gee, the legal battle over abortion rights has raged on for over a century. This article attempts to explain the reasoning behind the passion of both sides of the debate and where abortion law is headed in the future. How Cash Bail Negatively Affects the United States by Jessica Savage. 114 The Bail System is an imperfect system that has influenced many cases, advocating for and against The Bail Reform. This system may be to blame for the direct and inadvertent discrimination that minorities have been subjected to since the 1800’s. This article will examine the history behind this complex system along with providing examples, statistics, and case law about the disparities that exist in today’s court systems. Who Should Decide the Fate of Medical Malpractice Cases? by Leanet Gutierrez . 121 5 SPRING 2020 UNDERGRADUATE LAW JOURNAL The author hopes to provide the reader an introduction and review of the mandatory screening panel procedure (also known as the mandatory review panel procedure) in medical malpractice cases implemented through 17 U.S. states. Initially created to reduce the rising costs of medical health care for citizens, today’s screening panels present complicated and contentious issues for the legal community, the legal establishment, and society in general. New Friend Request: Russia, Cyber-Warfare, and the Threat to U.S. Elections by Heather Sullo . 134 While most use social media as a positive tool, adversaries like the Russian government have manipulated this and turned it into a cyber-weapon directed straight at our Democracy.