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L'art Du Siège Néo-Assyrien

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L'art Du Siège Néo-Assyrien introduction i L’art du siège néo-assyrien ii introduction Culture and History of the Ancient Near East Founding Editor M.H.E. Weippert Editors-in-Chief Thomas Schneider Editors Eckart Frahm W. Randall Garr B. Halpern Theo P.J. van den Hout Irene J. Winter VOLUME 61 The titles published in this series are listed at www.brill.com/chan introduction iii L’art du siège néo-assyrien Par Fabrice De Backer LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 iv introduction Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Backer, Fabrice De. L'art du siege neo-assyrien / par Fabrice De Backer. p. cm. -- (Culture and history of the ancient Near East, ISSN 1566-2055, v. 61) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-90-04-24305-7 (hbk. : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-24306-4 (e-book) 1. Siege warfare--Assyria--History. 2. Military art and science--Assyria--History. 3. Assyria--History, Military. I. Title. UG444.B33 2013 355.4'4093509014--dc23 2012035183 ISSN 1566–2055 ISBN 978-90-04-24305-7 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-24306-4 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani- cal, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. sommaire v sommaire L’art du siège néo-assyrien : Résumé. xvii Introduction . xxi Listes des abréviations. xxvii 1. État de la question . 1 2. Historique de la période néo-assyrienne . 3 2.1. Aššurnaṣirpal II (884–859 av. J.-Chr.). 3 2.2. Šalmanazar III (859–824 av. J.-Chr.). 4 2.3. Šamši-Adad V (822–811 av. J.-Chr.). 4 2.4. Adad-Nerâri III (811–783 av. J.-Chr.). 4 2.5. Šalmanazar IV (783–773 av. J.-Chr.). 5 2.6. Aššur-Dan III (773–755 av. J.-Chr.) . 5 2.7. Aššur-Nerâri V (755–745 av. J.-Chr.) . 5 2.8. Téglath-Phalazar III (745–727 av. J.-Chr.). 5 2.9. Šalmanazar V (727–722 av. J.-Chr.). 6 2.10. Sargon II (722–705 av. J.-Chr.). 6 2.11. Senachérib (705–681 av. J.-Chr.) . 7 2.12. Aššarhaddon (681–669 av. J.-Chr.) . 7 2.13. Aššurbanipal (669–631/626 av. J.-Chr.). 8 2.14. Aššur-etel-ilâni (ca. 631–627 av. J.-Chr.) . 9 2.15. Sin-šum-lisir (ca. 626 av. J.-Chr.). 9 2.16. Sin-šar-iškun (627–612 av. J.-Chr.) . 9 2.17. Aššur-uballit II (612–609 av. J.-Chr.). 10 3. Les machines de siège néo-assyriennes . 11 3.1. Introduction . 11 3.2. Rappel Technique. 12 3.2.1. La Tour de Siège. 12 3.2.2. Le Bélier. 14 3.2.3. La Tortue-bélière . 14 3.2.4. Le Cavalier. 17 3.2.5. La Catapulte . 17 3.3. Charpente des machines de siège néo-assyriennes . 18 3.3.1. La Caisse . 18 vi sommaire 3.3.2. Les roues des machines de siège néo-assyriennes . 22 3.3.3. Le madrier des machines de destruction néo-assyriennes . 25 3.3.4. La suspension du madrier des machines de destruction néo-assyriennes. 26 3.3.5. L’activation du madrier des machines de destruction néo-assyriennes. 27 3.3.6. La tourelle des machines de destruction néo-assyriennes . 29 3.3.7. Les accès des machines de siège néo-assyriennes . 30 3.3.8. Les fenêtres des machines de siège néo-assyriennes . 30 3.3.9. Les équipages des machines de siège néo-assyriennes . 31 3.3.10. La mobilité des machines de siège néo-assyriennes . 32 3.3.11. Le pare-buffle / déversoir à gros objets . 35 3.3.12. Le transport des machines de siège néo-assyriennes . 35 3.3.13. La taille relative des machines de siège néo-assyriennes . 36 3.4. Couverture des machines de siège n éo-assyriennes. 39 3.4.1. Boucliers . 39 3.4.2. Cuir traité . 40 3.4.3. Plaquettes ou rondelles de cuir ou de métal. 40 3.4.4. Panneaux d’osier tressé. 41 3.4.5. Motif apotropaïque . 42 3.4.6. Protection des roues . 43 3.4.7. Fixation de la couverture. 43 3.4.8. Transport de la couverture. 44 3.5. Évolution des machines de siège néo-assyriennes . 44 3.5.1. Aššurnaṣirpal II (883–859 av. J.-C.) . 44 3.5.2. Šalmanazar III (858–824 av. J.-C.). 67 3.5.3. Téglath-Phalazar III (744–727 av. J.-C.). 75 3.5.4. Sargon II (721–705 av. J.-C.) . 81 3.5.5. Senachérib (704–681 av. J.-C.). 84 3.5.6. Aššurbanipal (669–627 av. J.-C.). 87 sommaire vii 4. Le matériel de siège néo-assyrien . 89 4.1. Introduction . 89 4.2. Fortification. 89 4.2.1. Cheval de Frise / Fortifications de Campagne. 89 4.2.2. Pal . 90 4.3. Assaut. .90 4.3.1. Éléments de Passerelle . 91 4.3.2. Échelle de Siège : Simmiltu ; Nabalkattu, « Échelle » . 91 4.3.3. Grappins . 92 4.3.4. Machines d’Assaut . 93 4.4. Défense. 93 4.4.1. Chaîne . 93 4.4.2. Bassine . 93 4.4.3. Louche . 94 4.4.4. Hourds . 94 4.4.5. Mantelet . 94 4.4.6. « Habitacle » . 95 4.4.7. Pavois . 95 4.4.8. Crocs . 96 4.4.9. Objets Lourds . 96 4.5. Construction . 97 4.5.1. Pelle . 97 4.5.2. Scie . 97 4.5.3. Lime . 97 4.5.4. Masse . 97 4.5.5. Ciseaux divers. 97 4.5.6. Foret. 98 4.5.7. Clous / Chevilles. 98 4.5.8. Cordes . 98 4.5.9. Paniers d’osier ou de cuir . 98 4.5.10. Étais de bois / Merrain (bois de charpente) . 98 4.6. Destruction . 99 4.6.1. Petites Torches/ Brosses (?) . 99 4.6.2. Longue Torche . 100 4.6.3. Pioche / Pic . 100 4.6.4. Hache . 101 4.6.5. Barre à Mine / Levier / Bêche . 101 4.6.6. Dague . 102 4.6.7. Machines de Destruction . 102 viii sommaire 4.7. Combustibles. 103 4.7.1. Huile. 103 4.7.2. Bitume : Ittû/ Poix : Kupru / Naphte : Naptu / Souffre: Kibritu (?) . 103 4.7.3. Mug-brick . 104 4.7.4. Fagots de bois . 105 4.7.5. Paille. 105 4.8. Transport . 105 4.8.1. Attelages . 106 4.8.2. Charrettes / Chariots (?) . 106 4.8.3. Outres / Radeaux : Embarcations formées à partir d’outres gonflées. 106 4.9. Premiers Soins. 106 5. Le personnel de siège néo-assyrien. 109 5.1. Introduction . 109 5.2. Direction : Haut Commandement. 110 5.2.1. La situation du commandement militaire néo-assyrien en fonction des époques. 111 5.2.2. État-Major. 113 5.2.3. Approbation / Appui Divin / Corps Sanitaire (?) : Aumônerie Militaire . 116 5.2.4. Logement / Ravitaillement / Mouvements : Logistique . ..
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