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Non-Lethal Technologies: an Overview
TABLE OF CONTENTS Editor's Note Kerstin VIGNARD................................................................................................................ 1 Special Comment Robin M. COUPLAND ....................................................................................................... 3 Science, technology and the CBW regimes Science, technology and the CBW control regimes Alexander KELLE ................................................................................................................. 7 The malign misuse of neuroscience Malcolm DANDO............................................................................................................... 17 Assault on the immune system Kathryn NIXDORFF ............................................................................................................. 25 Non-lethal technologies—an overview Nick LEWER and Neil DAVISON ......................................................................................... 37 Biological weapons and the life sciences: the potential for professional codes Brian RAPPERT .................................................................................................................... 53 Open Forum Lessons from the implementation of the anti-personnel Mine Ban Convention Ambassador Stephan NELLEN ............................................................................................. 63 UNIDIR Focus ..................................................................................................... 69 iii EDITOR'S NOTE The -
Queen Victoria to Belong to Posterity
AREA POPULATION 3500 Guatay ................, ............. 200 Jamul ................................ 952 Pine Valley ...................... 956 Campo .............................. 1256 Descan, o ... .. .. .... .. ...... ....... 776 Jacumba ............................ 852 Harbison Canyon ............ 1208 ALPINE ECHO Total .............................. 9273 Serving a Growing Area of Homes and Ranches VOL. 5-NO. 34 ----~- 36 ALPINE, CALIFORNIA, THURSDAY, AUGUST 30, 1962 PRICE TEN CENTS QUEEN VICTORIA TO BELONG TO POSTERITY Local Historical Society Works To Preserve Landmark A good crowd of members and guests assembled Sun day, August 26, when the Alpine Historical Society met in the Alpine Woman's Club at 2 p .m. As its first definite project in t he program of locating and preserving authentic historical data of local signifi- cance, the society has started to work on the acquisition of the fa Local Schools Lose mous ·old rock, called Queen Vic- toria which stands in the 2700 10 TeaC hterS block on Victoria Hill. Ten cE>rtificated employees have j After a brief discussion, Presi' left the Alpine Schools this sprina dent Ralph Walker appointed Or·· for greener pastures in other dis~ ville Palmer, president of the Vic tricts with mQ.re attractive sched- toria Hiil Civic Association, as ules. chairman in charge of the rock project. He will work with His Frank J<,seph has accepted a full torical Research committee chair· time administrative position in the man, Philip Hall. Mr. Palmer has Lawndale School, Los Angeles contacted owner of the rock and County. Mr. Joseph will have site, Edward Roper of San Diego, charge o:f a school with an enroH who has expressed willingness to ment of 830 pupils and 23 teach deed it to the society for preserva ers. -
GURPS4E Ultra-Tech.Qxp
Written by DAVID PULVER, with KENNETH PETERS Additional Material by WILLIAM BARTON, LOYD BLANKENSHIP, and STEVE JACKSON Edited by CHRISTOPHER AYLOTT, STEVE JACKSON, SEAN PUNCH, WIL UPCHURCH, and NIKOLA VRTIS Cover Art by SIMON LISSAMAN, DREW MORROW, BOB STEVLIC, and JOHN ZELEZNIK Illustrated by JESSE DEGRAFF, IGOR FIORENTINI, SIMON LISSAMAN, DREW MORROW, E. JON NETHERLAND, AARON PANAGOS, CHRISTOPHER SHY, BOB STEVLIC, and JOHN ZELEZNIK Stock # 31-0104 Version 1.0 – May 22, 2007 STEVE JACKSON GAMES CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 4 Adjusting for SM . 16 PERSONAL GEAR AND About the Authors . 4 EQUIPMENT STATISTICS . 16 CONSUMER GOODS . 38 About GURPS . 4 Personal Items . 38 2. CORE TECHNOLOGIES . 18 Clothing . 38 1. ULTRA-TECHNOLOGY . 5 POWER . 18 Entertainment . 40 AGES OF TECHNOLOGY . 6 Power Cells. 18 Recreation and TL9 – The Microtech Age . 6 Generators . 20 Personal Robots. 41 TL10 – The Robotic Age . 6 Energy Collection . 20 TL11 – The Age of Beamed and 3. COMMUNICATIONS, SENSORS, Exotic Matter . 7 Broadcast Power . 21 AND MEDIA . 42 TL12 – The Age of Miracles . 7 Civilization and Power . 21 COMMUNICATION AND INTERFACE . 42 Even Higher TLs. 7 COMPUTERS . 21 Communicators. 43 TECH LEVEL . 8 Hardware . 21 Encryption . 46 Technological Progression . 8 AI: Hardware or Software? . 23 Receive-Only or TECHNOLOGY PATHS . 8 Software . 24 Transmit-Only Comms. 46 Conservative Hard SF. 9 Using a HUD . 24 Translators . 47 Radical Hard SF . 9 Ubiquitous Computing . 25 Neural Interfaces. 48 CyberPunk . 9 ROBOTS AND TOTAL CYBORGS . 26 Networks . 49 Nanotech Revolution . 9 Digital Intelligences. 26 Mail and Freight . 50 Unlimited Technology. 9 Drones . 26 MEDIA AND EDUCATION . 51 Emergent Superscience . -
Mapping the Aesthetical-Political Sonic, Master Thesis, © March 2017 Supervisor: Sommerer, Christa, Univ.-Prof
Universität für Künstlerische und Industrielle Gestaltung Linz Institut für Medien Interface Culture SOUNDSREVOLTING:MAPPINGTHE AESTHETICAL-POLITICALSONIC oliver lehner Master Thesis MA supervisor: Sommerer, Christa, Univ.-Prof. Dr. date of approbation: March 2017 signature (supervisor): Linz, 2017 Oliver Lehner: Sounds Revolting: Mapping the Aesthetical-Political Sonic, Master Thesis, © March 2017 supervisor: Sommerer, Christa, Univ.-Prof. Dr. location: Linz ABSTRACT I demand change. As a creator of sound art, I wanted to know what it can do. I tried to find out about the potential field in the overlap between a political aesthetic and a political sonic, between an artis- tic activism and sonic war machines. My point of entry was Steve Goodman’s Sonic Warfare. From there, trajectories unfolded through sonic architectures into an activist philosophy in interactive art. Sonic weapon technology and contemporary sound art practices define a frame for my works. In the end, I could only hint at sonic agents for change. iii CONTENTS i thesis 1 1 introduction 3 1.1 Why sound matters (to me) . 3 1.2 Listening for “New Weapons” . 4 1.3 Sounds of War . 5 1.4 Aesthetics and Politics . 6 2 acoustic weapons 11 2.1 On “Non-lethal” Weapons (NLW) . 11 2.2 A brief history of weaponized sound . 14 2.3 Sonic Battleground Europe . 19 2.4 Civil Sonic Weapons and Counter Measures . 20 3 the art of (sonic) war 23 3.1 Advanced Hyperstition: Goodman’s work after Sonic Warfare . 23 3.2 Artistic Sonic War Machines . 26 3.3 Ultrasound Art and Micropolitics of Frequency . 31 4 the search for sound artivism 37 4.1 Art and Activism . -
Acoustic Weapons Aim to Use the Propagation of Sound – a Variation in Pressure That Travels Through a Fluid Medium (Such As Air) to Affect a Target
Acoustic (or sonic) weapons are under research and development DISCUSSION PAPER| NOV 2018 in a few countries and have been the subject of interest and much speculation for several decades.1 Such devices have repeatedly captured the interest of the press, most recently when it was reported in 2016 that several staff members at the American em- bassy in Cuba were allegedly ‘subjected to an “acoustic attack” using sonic devices’ that caused serious health problems.2 Neurol- ogists and engineers have challenged this claim.3 Acoustic weapons aim to use the propagation of sound – a variation in pressure that travels through a fluid medium (such as air) to affect a target. Most of the acoustic weapons that have been speculated Acoustic Weapons upon are based on either ultrasound (above 20 kilohertz, kHz), low frequencies (below 100 hertz, Hz) or infrasound (below 20 Hz) deployed at high levels.4 The human range of hearing is commonly given as between 20 Hz and 20 kHz. In reality, the upper hear- ing-threshold frequency decreases significantly with age, whereas sounds with lower frequencies can be heard and otherwise perceived if the level is high enough.5 Discussion paper for the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) Although a few acoustic devices exist today that could be used as weapons, and sound is implicated in the use of force in the military and law enforcement domains in various ways, the potential for wea- Geneva, November 2018* ponization of acoustic devices has likely been overstated.6 Recent scientific analyses have debunked myths and disproven earlier claims Article 36 is a UK-based not-for-profit organisation working to promote public about the effects of acoustic devices on humans and have drawn scrutiny over the development and use of weapons. -
Sonic, Infrasonic, and Ultrasonic Frequencies
SONIC, INFRASONIC, AND ULTRASONIC FREQUENCIES: The Utilisation of Waveforms as Weapons, Apparatus for Psychological Manipulation, and as Instruments of Physiological Influence by Industrial, Entertainment, and Military Organisations. TOBY HEYS A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Liverpool John Moores University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2011 1 ABSTRACT This study is a trans-disciplinary and trans-historical investigation into civilian and battlefield contexts in which speaker systems have been utilised by the military-industrial and military-entertainment complexes to apply pressure to mass social groupings and the individuated body. Drawing on authors such as historian/sociologist Michel Foucault, economist Jacques Attali, philosopher Michel Serres, political geographer/urban planner Edward Soja, musician/sonic theorist Steve Goodman, and cultural theorist/urbanist Paul Virilio, this study engages a wide range of texts to orchestrate its arguments. Conducting new strains of viral theory that resonate with architectural, neurological, and political significance, this research provides new and original analysis about the composition of waveformed geography. Ultimately, this study listens to the ways in which the past and current utilisation of sonic, infrasonic, and ultrasonic frequencies as weapons, apparatus for psychological manipulation, and instruments of physiological influence, by industrial, civilian, entertainment, and military organisations, predict future techniques of socio spatialised organisation. In chapter one it is argued that since the inception of wired radio speaker systems into U.S. industrial factories in 1922, the development of sonic strategies based primarily on the scoring of architectonic spatiality, cycles of repetition, and the enveloping dynamics of surround sound can be traced to the sonic torture occurring in Guantanamo Bay during the first decade of the twenty-first century. -
Non-Kinetic-Energy Weapons Termed 'Non-Lethal'
Non-kinetic-energy weapons termed ‘non-lethal’ A Preliminary Assessment under International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law Stuart Casey-Maslen October 2010 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Definitions of key terms 3 2. OVERVIEW OF NKE WEAPONS 9 2.1 What are non‐kinetic‐energy weapons? 9 2.2 Operational scenarios 12 2.2.1 Armed conflict 12 2.2.2 Peace operations 13 2.2.3 Policing and riot control 14 2.2.4 Hostage‐taking 14 3. OVERVIEW OF APPLICABLE INTERNATIONAL LAW 16 3.2 International humanitarian law 16 3.2.1 General rules on the use of weapons in armed conflict 17 3.2.2 Rules applicable to the use of specific weapons in armed conflict 22 3.3 International human rights law 25 3.3.1 The right to life 26 3.3.1 The right to freedom from torture 30 3.3.3 Right to liberty and security 34 3.3.4 Right to protest 34 3.3.5 Right to health 35 3.3.6 The importance of training for law enforcement officials 36 3.4 International criminal justice standards 36 4. CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS 38 4.1 Overview of the weapons and their impact 38 4.2 International humanitarian law 42 4.3 International human rights law 46 5. ELECTRICAL (ELECTROSHOCK) WEAPONS 50 5.1 Overview of the weapons and their impact 50 5.2 International humanitarian law 58 5.3 International human rights law 59 6. DIRECTED ENERGY WEAPONS 61 6.1 Overview of the weapons and their impact 61 6.2 International humanitarian law 64 6.3 International human rights law 65 7. -
Web-Based Innovation Indicators – Which Firm Web- Site Characteristics Relate to Firm-Level Innovation Activity?
// NO.19-063 | 12/2019 DISCUSSION PAPER // JANNA AXENBECK AND PATRICK BREITHAUPT Web-Based Innovation Indicators – Which Firm Web- site Characteristics Relate to Firm-Level Innovation Activity? Web-Based Innovation Indicators – Which Firm Website Characteristics Relate to Firm-Level Innovation Activity? Janna Axenbeck†+* & Patrick Breithaupt†* † Department of Digital Economy, ZEW – Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, L7 1, 68161 Mannheim, Germany +Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Faculty of Economics, Licher Straße 64, 35394 Gießen, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Phone: +49 621 1235 – 188, [email protected]; Phone: +49 621 1235 – 217 December 31, 2019 Abstract Web-based innovation indicators may provide new insights into firm-level innovation activities. However, little is known yet about the accuracy and relevance of web-based information. In this study, we use 4,485 German firms from the Mannheim Innovation Panel (MIP) 2019 to analyze which website characteristics are related to innovation activities at the firm level. Website characteristics are measured by several text mining methods and are used as features in different Random Forest classification models that are compared against each other. Our results show that the most relevant website characteristics are the website’s language, the number of subpages, and the total text length. Moreover, our website characteristics show a better performance for the prediction of product innovations and innovation expenditures than for the prediction of process innovations. Keywords: Text as data, innovation indicators, machine learning JEL Classification: C53, C81, C83, O30 Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research for providing funding for the research project (TOBI - Text Data Based Output Indicators as Base of a New Innovation Metric; funding ID: 16IFI001). -
Gaining Competitive Advantage in the Gray Zone Response Options for Coercive Aggression Below the Threshold of Major War
Gaining Competitive Advantage in the Gray Zone Response Options for Coercive Aggression Below the Threshold of Major War Lyle J. Morris, Michael J. Mazarr, Jeffrey W. Hornung, Stephanie Pezard, Anika Binnendijk, Marta Kepe C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2942 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0309-4 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2019 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: Stringer China/Reuters. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface The United States is entering a period of intensifying strategic compe- tition with several rivals, most notably Russia and China. -
View Accessible
Blank Page Blank Page Copyright, 1913, by McBride, N ast & Co. Published, October, 1913 CONTENTS PAGE Grace before Me a t ..............................................9 The Staff of Li f e ..................................................26 Saving Y our Ba c o n ............................................39 H ams and Ot h e r H a m s ..................................... 59 F or Thirsty So u l s ............................................72 P aste, P ies, P uddings...........................................90 Creole Co o k e r y ................................................118 Cakes, Great and Sm a l l .............................136 Meat, P o ultry, Game, E g g s.............................158 Soups, Salads, Re l is h e s ................................... 185 Vegetables, F ruit Desserts, Sandwiches 202 P ickles, P reserves, Coffee, Tea, Choco late .............................................................220 W hen the Orchards “ H it ” .... 239 Upon Oc c a s io n s ................................................257 Soap and Ca n d l e s ......................................... 292 Blank Page Blank Page Grace before Meat “Let me cook the dinners of a nation, and I shall not care who makes its laws.” Women, if they did but know it, might well thus paraphrase a famous saying. Proper dinners mean so much—good blood, good health, good judgment, good conduct. The fact makes tragic a truth too little regarded; namely, that while bad cooking can ruin the very best of raw foodstuffs, all the arts of all the cooks in the world can do no more than palliate things stale, flat and unprofitable. To buy such things is waste, instead of econ omy. Food must satisfy the palate else it will never truly satisfy the stomach. 9 10 An unsatisfied stomach, or one overworked by having to wrestle with food which has bulk out of all proportion to flavor, too often makes its vengeful protest in dyspep sia. -
Russian Strategic Intentions
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Russian Strategic Intentions A Strategic Multilayer Assessment (SMA) White Paper May 2019 Contributing Authors: Dr. John Arquilla (Naval Postgraduate School), Ms. Anna Borshchevskaya (The Washington Institute for Near East Policy), Dr. Belinda Bragg (NSI, Inc.), Mr. Pavel Devyatkin (The Arctic Institute), MAJ Adam Dyet (U.S. Army, J5-Policy USCENTCOM), Dr. R. Evan Ellis (U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute), Mr. Daniel J. Flynn (Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)), Dr. Daniel Goure (Lexington Institute), Ms. Abigail C. Kamp (National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START)), Dr. Roger Kangas (National Defense University), Dr. Mark N. Katz (George Mason University, Schar School of Policy and Government), Dr. Barnett S. Koven (National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START)), Dr. Jeremy W. Lamoreaux (Brigham Young University- Idaho), Dr. Marlene Laruelle (George Washington University), Dr. Christopher Marsh (Special Operations Research Association), Dr. Robert Person (United States Military Academy, West Point), Mr. Roman “Comrade” Pyatkov (HAF/A3K CHECKMATE), Dr. John Schindler (The Locarno Group), Ms. Malin Severin (UK Ministry of Defence Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre (DCDC)), Dr. Thomas Sherlock (United States Military Academy, West Point), Dr. Joseph Siegle (Africa Center for Strategic Studies, National Defense University), Dr. Robert Spalding III (U.S. Air Force), Dr. Richard Weitz (Center for Political-Military Analysis at the Hudson Institute), Mr. Jason Werchan (USEUCOM Strategy Division & Russia Strategic Initiative (RSI)) Prefaces Provided By: RDML Jeffrey J. Czerewko (Joint Staff, J39), Mr. Jason Werchan (USEUCOM Strategy Division & Russia Strategic Initiative (RSI)) Editor: Ms. -
Primer on Hypersonic Weapons in the Indo-Pacific Region
Primer on Hypersonic Weapons in the Indo-Pacific Region PRIMER ON Hypersonic Weapons in the Indo-Pacific Region John T. Watts · Christian Trotti · Mark J. Massa ATLANTIC COUNCIL 1 Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security The Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security works to develop sustainable, nonpartisan strategies to address the most important security challenges facing the United States and the world. The Center honors General Brent Scowcroft’s legacy of service and embodies his ethos of nonpartisan commitment to the cause of security, support for US leadership in cooperation with allies and partners, and dedication to the mentorship of the next generation of leaders. Forward Defense Forward Defense helps the United States and its allies and partners contend with great-power competitors and maintain favorable balances of power. This new practice area in the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security produces Forward-looking analyses of the trends, technologies, and concepts that will define the future of warfare, and the alliances needed for the 21st century. Through the futures we forecast, the scenarios we wargame, and the analyses we produce, Forward Defense develops actionable strategies and policies for deterrence and defense, while shaping US and allied operational concepts and the role of defense industry in addressing the most significant military challenges at the heart of great-power competition. This publication was produced in partnership with Lockheed Martin Corporation under the auspices of a project focused on the impact of emerging weapons on the Indo-Pacific region. PRIMER ON Hypersonic Weapons in the Indo-Pacific Region John T. Watts · Christian Trotti · Mark J.