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Citywide Historic Context Statement - Draft

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Citywide Historic Context Statement - Draft City of San Marino Citywide Historic Context Statement - Draft Prepared for: City of San Marino 2200 Huntington Drive San Marino, CA 91108 Prepared by: Architectural Resources Group, Inc. Los Angeles, CA April 1, 2019 Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 2 1.1 Project Overview and Scope ......................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Description of the Survey Area ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Project Team ................................................................................................................................. 3 1.4 Previous Designations and Surveys ............................................................................................... 3 2. Methodology .......................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Archival Research .......................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Reconnaissance Survey and Property List ..................................................................................... 6 2.3 Public Outreach ............................................................................................................................. 6 2.4 Historic Context Statement ........................................................................................................... 7 3. Existing Regulations and Criteria for Evaluation ..................................................................................... 8 3.1 National Register of Historic Places .............................................................................................. 8 3.2 California Register of Historical Resources ................................................................................... 9 3.3 San Marino Historic Preservation Ordinance .............................................................................. 10 4. Historic Context Statement .................................................................................................................. 12 4.1 Introduction to the Historic Context Statement ......................................................................... 12 4.2 Summary of Contexts and Themes ............................................................................................. 12 4.3 Historical Background: San Marino, Pre-1870 ............................................................................ 17 4.4 Context: San Marino’s Early Development, 1870-1912 .............................................................. 23 4.5 Context: San Marino Becomes a City, 1913-1930 ....................................................................... 38 4.6 Context: San Marino in the Great Depression and Wartime, 1931-1945 ................................... 68 4.7 Context: Postwar Development in San Marino, 1946-1980 ....................................................... 92 4.8 Context: Architecture and Design, 1870-1980 .......................................................................... 113 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................ 142 Appendix A. Project Survey Area Appendix B. Chronology Map Appendix C. Reconnaissance Survey Findings Map Appendix D. Property List Architectural Resources Group | San Marino Citywide Historic Context Statement - Draft i 1. Introduction 1.1 Project Overview and Scope In November 2018, the City of San Marino (the City) retained Architectural Resources Group (ARG) to conduct a citywide historical resources survey for San Marino. By establishing a comprehensive list of the city’s potential historical resources, this document serves as a valuable information tool that can help to guide planning and land use decisions. While the San Marino Historical Society maintains a list of known historic properties, San Marino has never had a comprehensive citywide survey. The scope of this project is to survey all properties in the city constructed through 1980 and evaluate potential historical resources against federal, state, and local eligibility criteria. The first phase of the project involved the development of a citywide historic context statement, submitted in draft form here. Developed using the National Register Multiple Property Documentation (MPD) approach, the historic context statement provides an in-depth narrative account of the city’s development history as reflected by its built environment.1 It places San Marino’s built resources within the broader context of the economic, political, social, and cultural forces that coalesced to shape the city’s development over time. This document will provide a foundation and context for future decision-making about the identification, evaluation, and treatment of historic properties, based upon comparative historic significance within an established framework. The historic context statement is not intended to add or replace existing eligibility criteria for local designation, but to provide context to the existing criteria. Info on tasks beyond HCS to be added in final report 1.2 Description of the Survey Area The City of San Marino is located in the San Gabriel Valley in Los Angeles County, approximately nine miles northeast of downtown Los Angeles. San Marino is bounded by the Cities of Pasadena and South Pasadena to the north/northwest, the City of Alhambra to the west/southwest, the City of San Gabriel to the south, and the unincorporated communities of East San Gabriel and East Pasadena to the east. The area’s topography generally slopes gently down to the south, descending from the San Gabriel Mountains, with a small group of hills in the northwestern (Oak Knoll) part of the city. The slopes here, rising north of Euston Road, Virginia Road, and Old Mill Road, are incised with south-trending canyons and gullies and are heavily vegetated with native oak woodland wherever land is undeveloped. One channelized wash, Rubio Wash, runs from Robles Avenue (north of San Marino High School) south past the southern city limits. San Marino 1 National Park Service, National Register Bulletin 16b: How to Complete the National Register Multiple Property Documentation Form (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, 1991). Architectural Resources Group | San Marino Citywide Historic Context Statement - Draft 2 has a vast array of mature street trees, both native (oak) and imported (sycamore, deodar cedar, sweet gum, magnolia, Mexican fan palms, and others). San Marino is an almost exclusively residential community, with its built environment dominated by detached single-family houses on a wide range of scales, constructed primarily between the 1920s and the 1960s. There are no areas zoned for multi-family residential properties, or for industry/manufacturing. Small areas on Huntington Drive and Mission Street are zoned for commercial use. The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens (historically the Henry E. Huntington estate) occupies a massive parcel in the center-north part of town, and Lacy Park provides additional landscaped open space. Several schools occupy large parcels as well. Generally speaking, San Marino’s streets are wide and paved with asphalt; common planning features include concrete sidewalks and curbs, street lamps, and landscaping including street trees (and in medians on Huntington Drive and Sierra Madre Boulevard). The city’s irregular street grid pattern reflects its historic patterns of residential development, which were largely guided by Huntington and oriented around the Pacific Electric Railway (PERy) routes he constructed here between 1903 and 1906. Most of the street grid skews northwest/southeast, roughly perpendicular to the northeast/southwest route of Huntington Drive (the PERy’s Monrovia-Glendora route). The grid in the northeast portion of the city is skewed in response to the PERy’s Sierra Madre line (now Sierra Madre Boulevard). The northwest part of San Marino, containing the most prominent hills and the largest lots, is marked by curvilinear streets responding to the natural contours of the landscape. Appendix A, Survey Area Map, shows the extent of the City and the area surveyed during reconnaissance. 1.3 Project Team All phases of this project were conducted by ARG personnel who meet the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards in Architectural History.2 ARG staff who participated in the project include Katie E. Horak, Principal; Mary Ringhoff, Associate and Project Manager; Evanne St. Charles, Associate; and Andrew Goodrich, Associate, all Architectural Historians and Preservation Planners. Research assistance was provided by ARG interns Jessa Ross and Julia Ressler. 1.4 Previous Designations and Surveys San Marino has not conducted a citywide historical resources survey before this point. The San Marino Historical Society maintains a list of known historic properties, which was the basis for the expanded property list compiled during the reconnaissance survey. As its historic preservation ordinance is relatively new (adopted in 2018), the City has designated few local landmarks. The following properties were automatically designated as San Marino Historic
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