The Sand and Gravel Resources of the Country Around Shrewsbury, Shropshire
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INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES Mineral Assessment Report90 Natural Environment Research Council The sand and gravel resources of the country around Shrewsbury, Shropshire Description of 1 :25 000 SJ 61 resource sheetsSJ 41 and SJ 51 SJ 60 B. Cannel1 0 Crown copyright 1982 ISBN 0 11 88421 3 7” London Her Majesty’sStationery Office 1982 PREFACE The first twelve reports on the assessment of British sand National resources of many industrial minerals may and gravel resources appeared in the Report series of the seem so large that stocktaking appearsunnecessary, but Institute of GeologicalSciences as a subseries. Report 13 the demand forminerals and for land forall purposes is and subsequent reports appear as MineralAssessment intensifying and it has become increasingly clear in Reports of the Institute. recent years that regional assessments of the resources of these minerals should be undertaken. The publication of Details of publishedreports appear at the endof this Report. information about the quantity and qualityof deposits over large areas is intended to provide a comprehensive Any enquiries concerning thisreport may be addressed factual background against which planning decisions to Head, Industrial MineralsAssessment Unit, Institute can be made. of Geological Sciences, Keyworth, Nottingham NG 12 Sand and gravel, considered together as naturally 5GG. occurring aggregate, was selected as the bulk mineral demanding themost urgent attention, initially in the south-east of England,where about half the national output is won and very few sources of alternative aggregates are available. Following a short feasibility project, initiated in 1966 by the Ministry of Land and Natural Resources, the Industrial Minerals Assessment Unit (formerly the MineralAssessment Unit) of the Institute of GeologicalSciences began systematic surveys in 1968. The work is now being financed by the Department of the Environment andis being undertaken with the co-operationof the Sand and Gravel Association of Great Britain. This report describes the resourcesof sand and gravel of 200 km2 aroundShrewsbury, Shropshire as shownon the accompanying resource map. Thesurvey was conducted in 1976-1978 by Dr. W. J. R. Harries,Miss M. B. Simmons, Mr. B. Cannell and Mr. C.I. Jay. The work is based on ageological survey at 1: 10 560in 191 1-1922 and 1926-1928 by R. W. Pocock. Minpr amendments were made by Dr. A. C.Wilson, Mr. Cannell and Mr. S. J. Mathers in 1980. The Property Services Agency and Mr. J.D. Burnell, ISO, FRICS, Chief Land Agent were responsible for negotiating access to land for drilling.The ready co-operation of landowners and tenantsin this work is gratefully acknowledged. G. M.Brown Director Institute of Geological Sciences Exhibition Road London SW7 2DE 22 April 198 1 i CONTENTS Summary 1 MAP Introduction 1 The sand andgravel resources of sheetsSJ 41 and SJ 5 1 (Shrewsbury,Shropshire). Inpocket Description of the district: 2 Topography2 Geology2 TABLES 1 Classification of the solid and drift deposits 4 Composition of the sand and gravel deposits 7 2 Mean grading and pebble-type analysis of the Themap 8 sand and gravel deposits 7 Results8 3 The sand and gravel resources of the Shrewsbury Notes on the resource blocks 9 district (sheetsSJ 41 and SJ 5 1): summary of statistical Appendix A: Field andlaboratory procedures 16 results8 Appendix B: Statisticalprocedure 16 4 Data from IMAU boreholes: Block A9 Appendix C: Classification and description of sand and 5 Data from IMAU boreholes: Block B (upper gravel 18 sub-division) 10 6 Data from IMAU boreholes: Block B (lower Appendix D: Explanation of the borehole records 20 sub-division) 11 Appendix E: List of boreholes used in the assessment of 7 Data from IMAU boreholes: Block C 12 resources 22 8 Data from IMAU boreholes: Block D 13 Appendix F: Industrial Minerals Assessment Unit 9 Data from IMAU boreholes: Block E 14 boreholerecords 23 10 Data from IMAU boreholes: Block F 14 11 Classification of gravel, sand and fines 19 References 89 FIGURES 1 Locationof the resource sheet area 2 2 Locality2 map 3 3Drift geology map 6 4 Particle size distribution for the assessed thickness of mineral in resource blocks A to F 8 5 Grading characteristics of the mineral in Block A 9 6 Grading characteristics of the mineral in Block B (uppersub-division) 10 7 Grading characteristics of the mineral in Block B (lowersub-division) 11 8 Grading characteristics of the mineral in Block C 12 9 Grading characteristics of the mineral in Block D 13 10 Grading characteristicsof the mineral in Block E 13 1 1 Grading characteristicsof the mineral in Block F 15 12 Example of resource block assessment: calculation and results 17 13 Example of resource block assessment: map of a fictitiousblock 18 14 Diagram showing the descriptive categories usedin the classification of sand and gravel 19 11 The sand andgravel resourcesof the country around Shrewsbury, Shropshire Description of 1 :25 000 sheets SJ 41 and SJ 5 1 B. CANNELL SUMMARY INTRODUCTION The assessment of the sand andgravel resources in the The survey is concerned with the estimation of resources, Shrewsbury area, Shropshire, is based on the geological which include deposits that are not currentlyexploitable maps and borehole records of the Institute of Geological but have a foreseeableuse, rather thanreserves, which can Sciences, records made available by the sand andgravel only be assessed in the light of current, locally prevailing, industry, recent fieldwork and one hundred andseventy economic considerations. Clearly, both the economic and three boreholes drilled for the Industrial Minerals the social factors used to decide whether a deposit maybe Assessment Unit. workable in the future cannotbe predicted; theyare likely All deposits in the areawhich might be potentially to change with time. Deposits not currently economically workable for sand andgravel have been investigated workable maybe exploited as demand increases,as higher geologically and a simple statisticalmethod has been grade or alternativematerials become scarce, or as used to estimate the volume. The reliabilityof the improved processing techniques are applied to them. The volume estimates is given at the symmetrical 95 per cent improved knowledge of the main physical properties of confidence level. the resource and their variability which this survey seeks The district has been divided into six resource blocks to provide, will add significantly tothe factual back- containing between 10.0 and 22.1 km2 of sand and ground against which planning policies can be decided gravel. For these blocks the geology of the deposits is (Archer, 1969; Thurrell, 197 1; Harris and others, 1974). described and the mineral-bearing area, the mean The survey provided information the‘indicated’levelat thickness of overburden and mineral, and the mean “for which tonnage and grade are computed partly from grading of the mineral are stated. Detailed borehole data specific measurements, samples or production data and are given. The geology, the position of the boreholes and partlyfrom projection for areasonable distance on the outlines of the resource blocks are shown on the geological evidence. The sites availablefor inspection, accompanying map. measurement, and sampling are too widely or otherwise inappropriately spaced to permit the mineral bodiesto be outlined completelyor the gradeestablished throughout” (Bureau of Mines andGeological Survey, 1948, p. 15). It follows that the whereaboutsof reserves must still be established and their size andquality proved by the customarydetailed exploration and evaluation under- taken by industry. However, the information providedby this survey shouldassist in the selection of the best targets for such further work. The following arbitrary physical criteria have been adopted: a The deposit should average at least 1 m in thickness. b The ratio of overburden to sand andgravel should be no more than3: 1. c The proportion of fines (particles passing the No. Bibliographical reference 240 mesh BS sieve, about & mm) should notexceed CANNELL,B. 1982. The sand and gravel resources of 40 per cent. the country around Shrewsbury, Shropshire. d The deposit mustlie within 25 m of the surface, this Description of 1 :25 000 sheets SJ 41 and SJ 5 1. Miner. being taken as thelikely maximum working depth Assess. Rep. Inst. Geol. Sei.,No. 90. under most circumstances. It follows from the second criterion thatboreholes are drilled no deeper Author than 18 m if no sand and gravel has been proved. B. Cannell, A depositof sand andgravel which broadly meets these Institute of GeologicalSciences, criteria is regardedas ‘potentially workable’ and is Keyworth, described and assessed as ‘minerql’ in this report. AS the Nottingham NG12 5GG assessment is at the indicated level, parts of such a deposit may not satisfy all the criteria. Note For the particular needs of assessing sand and gravel National Grid references given in this publication lie resources, a grain-sizeclassification based on the geomet- within 100-kilometre square SJ. ric scale mm, t mm, 1 mm,4 mm, 16 mmhas been 1 Flintw\ i / Denbigh \ NORTH WEST N 0 Mold \ .Chester 0 / J A//' fl Ruthin \ / CFew e / //(Manc;ester I Stgne Shrewsbury WEST MIDLANDS WALES \ \ \ 2 \ Cardiff\ / -v? / Montgomery~(_/,, Church \ J Stretton 0 /. \Bridgnorth Newtown// r- Bishops Castle f \ \ 1 10 MIS, i \ -\ Ludlow \ 1 10 20Kms _- Figure 1 Location of the resource sheet area. The boundaries of the Economic Planning Regions are shown on the right-hand map. adopted. The boundaries between fines (that is, the clay RiverSevern and is animportant administrative and and silt fractions) and sand, andbetween sand andgravel communications centre; thereis some light industry also. grade material, are placedat & mm and4 mm respectively Bomere Heath, Ford, Hadnall, High Ercall and Withing- (see Appendix C). ton are the more importantvillages (Figure 2). Thevolume andother characteristics are assessed The district is given over almost entirely to agriculture within resource blocks, each of which, ideally, contains with dairying dominant and some arable farming on the approximately 10 km2 of sand and gravel.