DOCSLIB.ORG

SPACE SCIENCE Contents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SPACE SCIENCE Contents Chapter 9 SPACE SCIENCE Contents Page Introduction. ....................371 Cooperative Ventures in Space Science: The Opportunity and the Challenge . ..................372 Competition in Space Science: The Shifting Balance.. ..................373 Prevailing Issues in Space Science . ........4 .$.375 International Cooperation in Space Science. .. .. 0 <.......................377 Historical Overview . ..........377 Current or Planned Programs . ...382 Outlook for Future International Cooperation . .........................384 The Role of Competition in Space Science . .............................386 Prospects for a “SpaceScience Race” . ..,......386 Current Ranking of Participants . .......387 Tradeoffs Between Competition and Cooperation . ......................388 Markets for Hardware and Services: Space Science as Growth industry .. ...389 International Trade Factors . ....389 Space Science in Developing Countries . ...390 The Allure of Space Science . ..390 Difficulty of Joining the Space Club. .,....391 Space Science in the 1980s and 1990s: A Vital Concern . ..................391 Policy Options. 4 . .................4....392 Cooperation With the Soviet Union . ....392 Project Continuity . .. ....393 Choosing Specialization . .....+... .............393 Technology Transfer . ................393 Table Table No. Page 9-1. International Cooperative Ventures in Space Sciences . ................379 Chapter 9 SPACE SCIENCE INTRODUCTION A substantial part of the research activity car- ried out in space is directed, not at the achieve- ment of economic benefits and commercial ap- plications, but at the purely scientific study of phenomena in and from space. This broad field of endeavor, known as space science, began to develop many years before the advent of orbiting satellites; from the 1940s on, scientists used sou riding rockets and balloons to loft instruments and animals above most of the insulating and pro- tective blanket of atmosphere to acquire data about the space environment. These studies con- tributed to an ever-increasing body of knowledge about outer space. By contrast, over the past quarter-century, Earth-orbiting and interplanetary spacecraft have been the catalyst for an explosive growth of knowledge in this field. Photo credit: National Aeronautics and Space Administration The rapid expansion of space science has pro- X-ray image from NASA’s High Energy Astronomy duced a number of component disciplines and Observatory (H EAO-2) of remnant of exploding subdiscipline. For organizational purposes, the supernova in the constellation Cassiopeia. Scientists estimate that the star from which this cloud National Aeronautics and Space Administration of expanding hot gas derives originally (NASA), which funds most space science re- exploded in A.D. 1657. search, divides space science into three areas: 1 ) physics and astronomy, 2) planetary exploration, large- and small-scale cosmic processes than and 3) life sciences. can be taken from the ground, where only op- tical and radio wavelengths are received. Ac- ● Physics and astronomy encompasses the study cess to all regions of the spectrum as well as of the structure and dynamics of the Sun, solar- the removal of atmospheric distortion has pro- generated phenomena such as the solar wind, duced, in the span of a few years, a major rev- and other features of the near-Earth interplan- olution in our understanding of the nature, ori- etary environment such as the magnetosphere gin, and evolution of the universe and its and incident cosmic rays. Also included in this component matter. area are some of the most compelling and ex- citing investigations in any scientific field: the ● Planetary exploration is the study of the planets study of astronomical objects by means of tel- of our solar system and their satellites, the as- escopes and other space-borne instruments. teroids, and the comets. Activities in this area These objects include not only our own Sun include the dramatic unmanned exploratory and the multitude of stars and other condensed missions to the surface or environs of other objects of the Milky Way Galaxy, but also the planets, and the manned lunar landings. inves- gas and dust between these stars, and finally tigations of the surface features and (if possi- the vast swarm of galaxies extending out to the ble) composition are made along with studies edge of the visible universe. of the planetary atmosphere and magneto- Observations from space take advantage of sphere, if they are present. These observations the entire spectrum of electromagnetic radia- are combined with data regarding orbital me- tion to acquire much more extensive data on chanics and rotational characteristics to pro- 371 372 International Cooperation and Competition in Civilian Space Activities vide an understanding of the planet’s internal cation. Thus, programs in space science are a composition and dynamics, and thus its origin necessary basis for any nation’s activity in space. and evolution. Nations that wish to pursue practical or commer- cial activities in space on their own must first ei- ● Life sciences are generally subdivided into bio- ther pursue a program of space science them- medical research (the study of the effect of selves, or have access to the technology and basic space environmental factors on man) and data that emerge from the conduct of such a space biology (the effect of these factors on program. plants and animals). Separate but related areas are planetary biology, the study of the origin and distribution of life in the universe, and Cooperative Ventures in Space global biology, which examines the impact of Science: The Opportunity and life on our own planetary environment. impor- the Challenge tant areas of research are the effects of pro- longed exposure to microgravity and ionizing As was discussed in chapter 3, the United States radiation on humans and animals, and the has engaged in a vigorous program of interna- study of plant developmental processes in tional cooperative ventures in space. When all space under artificial lighting. One objective forms of joint activity are taken into account, NASA alone has concluded over 800 agreements of the latter research is the development of ad- 1 vanced life support systems. Because of the dif- with over 100 countries. ficulties associated with supporting life in From the standpoint of individual projects, the space, ground-based simulation studies are es- most notable single area of U.S. international pecially important in the space life sciences. space cooperation has been the space sciences.2 Although research in each of these areas pro- It was apparent from the beginning that cooper- duces results that have great intrinsic value in ation in this field offered many advantages, from adding to our understanding of the cosmos and the point of view of both the United States (the our place within it, this research is not pursued leader and principal in these ventures) and the solely for its own sake. Space science provides cooperating nations. On the technical and po- much of the research base that underlies the de- litical level, the appeal of multinational space velopment of applications-oriented programs dis- science stems from the global sphere of opera- cussed in earlier chapters. The subdiscipline of tions of satellites, and from the global and univer- solar-terrestrial physics, for example, forms a di- sal perspective necessitated by operations in rect bridge between solar research (physics and space. astronomy program) and Earth applications such More practically, the enormous cost of pursu- as communications, navigation, and meteorol- ing space science has been a strong argument for ogy. Studies of planetary magnetic fields, mag- sharing the economic burden among as many na- netospheres, and ionospheres have a direct rele- tions as efficiency permitted. In effect, if NASA vance to corresponding research in Earth’s does not have enough money to pursue a proj- plasma envelope and upper atmosphere. ect alone, by cooperating with other countries In the long term, planetary studies also offer it may actually create opportunities to undertake the possibility of habitation and minerals exploita- research it could not otherwise have done. The tion. Life sciences research offers a wealth of po- pooling of scientific and technical talent offered tential applications, from the prolongation of hu- another strong advantage, and was allied with the man stay-times in space, to the pursuit of space agriculture and partly closed life support, to the 125 Years of NASA /rrternationa/ Progr,~ms, NASA report, Janu- development of new medical treatments, diag- ary 1983. nostic techniques, and devices. Instruments and ZUNISpACE ‘8.2: A Context for International Cooperation and Competition–A Technical Memorandum (Washington, DC: U.S. sensors developed in every area of space science Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-TM-ISC-26, March eventually find their way into commercial appli- 1983), p. 68. Ch. 9—Space Science 373 value to the United States of building scientific/ (along with some technicians and engineers). The technical strength among its allies. These advan- influx of talent on the one hand and hardware tages were not restricted to the United States and on the other probably led to the development, its partners, but applied as well to the Soviet throughout the 1950s, of a broader based exper- Union–the other leading nation in the early dec- tise in the essential space technologies in the ades of space activity—in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Report and Financial Statements
    Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2018 Dimensional Funds ICVC Authorised by the Financial Conduct Authority No marketing notification has been submitted in Germany for the following Funds of Dimensional Funds ICVC: Global Short-Dated Bond Fund International Core Equity Fund International Value Fund United Kingdom Core Equity Fund United Kingdom Small Companies Fund United Kingdom Value Fund Accordingly, these Funds must not be publicly marketed in Germany. Table of Contents Dimensional Funds ICVC General Information* 2 Investment Objectives and Policies* 3 Authorised Corporate Directors’ Investment Report* 6 Incorporation and Share Capital* 10 The Funds 10 Fund Cross-Holdings 10 Authorised Status* 10 Regulatory Disclosure* 10 Potential Implications of Brexit* 10 Responsibilities of the Authorised Corporate Director 11 Responsibilities of the Depositary 11 Report of the Depositary to the Shareholders 11 Directors' Statement 11 Independent Auditors’ Report to the Shareholders of Dimensional Funds ICVC 12 The Annual Report and Financial Statements for each of the below sub-funds (the “Funds”); Emerging Markets Core Equity Fund Global Short-Dated Bond Fund International Core Equity Fund International Value Fund United Kingdom Core Equity Fund United Kingdom Small Companies Fund United Kingdom Value Fund are set out in the following order: Fund Information 14 Portfolio Statement* 31 Statement of Total Return 149 Statement of Change in Net Assets Attributable to Shareholders 149 Balance Sheet 150 Notes to the Financial Statements 151 Distribution Tables 168 Remuneration Disclosures (unaudited)* 177 Supplemental Information (unaudited) 178 * These collectively comprise the Authorised Corporate Directors’ (“ACD”) Report. Dimensional Fund Advisors Ltd. Annual Report and Financial Statements, 31 December 2018 1 Dimensional Funds ICVC General Information Authorised Corporate Director (the “ACD”): Dimensional Fund Advisors Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • IVS NICT-TDC News No.39
    ISSN 1882-3432 CONTENTS Proceedings of the 18th NICT TDC Symposium (Kashima, October 1, 2020) KNIFE, Kashima Nobeyama InterFErometer . 3 Makoto Miyoshi Space-Time Measurements Research Inspired by Kashima VLBI Group . 8 Mizuhiko Hosokawa ALMA High Frequency Long Baseline Phase Correction Using Band-to-band ..... 11 (B2B) Phase Referencing Yoshiharu Asaki and Luke T. Maud Development of a 6.5-22.5 GHz Very Wide Band Feed Antenna Using a New ..... 15 Quadruple-Ridged Antenna for the Traditional Radio Telescopes Yutaka Hasegawa*, Yasumasa Yamasaki, Hideo Ogawa, Taiki Kawakami, Yoshi- nori Yonekura, Kimihiro Kimura, Takuya Akahori, Masayuki Ishino, Yuki Kawa- hara Development of Wideband Antenna . 18 Hideki Ujihara Performance Survey of Superconductor Filter Introduced in Wideband Re- ..... 20 ceiver for VGOS of the Ishioka VLBI Station Tomokazu Nakakuki, Haruka Ueshiba, Saho Matsumoto, Yu Takagi, Kyonosuke Hayashi, Toru Yutsudo, Katsuhiro Mori, Tomokazu Kobayashi, and Mamoru Sekido New Calibration Method for a Radiometer Without Using Liquid Nitrogen ..... 23 Cooled Absorber Noriyuki Kawaguchi, Yuichi Chikahiro, Kenichi Harada, and Kensuke Ozeki Comparison of Atmospheric Delay Models (NMF, VMF1, and VMF3) in ..... 27 VLBI analysis Mamoru Sekido and Monia Negusini HINOTORI Status Report . 31 Hiroshi Imai On-the-Fly Interferometer Experiment with the Yamaguchi Interferometer . 34 Kenta Fujisawa, Kotaro Niinuma, Masanori Akimoto, and Hideyuki Kobayashi Superconducting Wide-band BRF for Geodetic VLBI Observation with ..... 36 VGOS Radio Telescope
    [Show full text]
  • Building the Coolest X-Ray Satellite
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration Building the Coolest X-ray Satellite 朱雀 Suzaku A Video Guide for Teachers Grades 9-12 Probing the Structure & Evolution of the Cosmos http://suzaku-epo.gsfc.nasa.gov/ www.nasa.gov The Suzaku Learning Center Presents “Building the Coolest X-ray Satellite” Video Guide for Teachers Written by Dr. James Lochner USRA & NASA/GSFC Greenbelt, MD Ms. Sara Mitchell Mr. Patrick Keeney SP Systems & NASA/GSFC Coudersport High School Greenbelt, MD Coudersport, PA This booklet is designed to be used with the “Building the Coolest X-ray Satellite” DVD, available from the Suzaku Learning Center. http://suzaku-epo.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Table of Contents I. Introduction 1. What is Astro-E2 (Suzaku)?....................................................................................... 2 2. “Building the Coolest X-ray Satellite” ....................................................................... 2 3. How to Use This Guide.............................................................................................. 2 4. Contents of the DVD ................................................................................................. 3 5. Post-Launch Information ........................................................................................... 3 6. Pre-requisites............................................................................................................. 4 7. Standards Met by Video and Activities ...................................................................... 4 II. Video Chapter 1
    [Show full text]
  • Securing Japan an Assessment of Japan´S Strategy for Space
    Full Report Securing Japan An assessment of Japan´s strategy for space Report: Title: “ESPI Report 74 - Securing Japan - Full Report” Published: July 2020 ISSN: 2218-0931 (print) • 2076-6688 (online) Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria Phone: +43 1 718 11 18 -0 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.espi.or.at Rights reserved - No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “ESPI Report 74 - Securing Japan - Full Report, July 2020. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: copylot.at Cover page picture credit: European Space Agency (ESA) TABLE OF CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background and rationales ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Methodology
    [Show full text]
  • MIT Japan Program Working Paper 01.10 the GLOBAL COMMERCIAL
    MIT Japan Program Working Paper 01.10 THE GLOBAL COMMERCIAL SPACE LAUNCH INDUSTRY: JAPAN IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE Saadia M. Pekkanen Assistant Professor Department of Political Science Middlebury College Middlebury, VT 05753 [email protected] I am grateful to Marco Caceres, Senior Analyst and Director of Space Studies, Teal Group Corporation; Mark Coleman, Chemical Propulsion Information Agency (CPIA), Johns Hopkins University; and Takashi Ishii, General Manager, Space Division, The Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies (SJAC), Tokyo, for providing basic information concerning launch vehicles. I also thank Richard Samuels and Robert Pekkanen for their encouragement and comments. Finally, I thank Kartik Raj for his excellent research assistance. Financial suppport for the Japan portion of this project was provided graciously through a Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Harvard Academy of International and Area Studies. MIT Japan Program Working Paper Series 01.10 Center for International Studies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Room E38-7th Floor Cambridge, MA 02139 Phone: 617-252-1483 Fax: 617-258-7432 Date of Publication: July 16, 2001 © MIT Japan Program Introduction Japan has been seriously attempting to break into the commercial space launch vehicles industry since at least the mid 1970s. Yet very little is known about this story, and about the politics and perceptions that are continuing to drive Japanese efforts despite many outright failures in the indigenization of the industry. This story, therefore, is important not just because of the widespread economic and technological merits of the space launch vehicles sector which are considerable. It is also important because it speaks directly to the ongoing debates about the Japanese developmental state and, contrary to the new wisdom in light of Japan's recession, the continuation of its high technology policy as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction of NEC Space Business (Launch of Satellite Integration Center)
    Introduction of NEC Space Business (Launch of Satellite Integration Center) July 2, 2014 Masaki Adachi, General Manager Space Systems Division, NEC Corporation NEC Space Business ▌A proven track record in space-related assets Satellites · Communication/broadcasting · Earth observation · Scientific Ground systems · Satellite tracking and control systems · Data processing and analysis systems · Launch site control systems Satellite components · Large observation sensors · Bus components · Transponders · Solar array paddles · Antennas Rocket subsystems Systems & Services International Space Station Page 1 © NEC Corporation 2014 Offerings from Satellite System Development to Data Analysis ▌In-house manufacturing of various satellites and ground systems for tracking, control and data processing Japan's first Scientific satellite Communication/ Earth observation artificial satellite broadcasting satellite satellite OHSUMI 1970 (24 kg) HISAKI 2013 (350 kg) KIZUNA 2008 (2.7 tons) SHIZUKU 2012 (1.9 tons) ©JAXA ©JAXA ©JAXA ©JAXA Large onboard-observation sensors Ground systems Onboard components Optical, SAR*, hyper-spectral sensors, etc. Tracking and mission control, data Transponders, solar array paddles, etc. processing, etc. Thermal and near infrared sensor for carbon observation ©JAXA (TANSO) CO2 distribution GPS* receivers Low-noise Multi-transponders Tracking facility Tracking station amplifiers Dual- frequency precipitation radar (DPR) Observation Recording/ High-accuracy Ion engines Solar array 3D distribution of TTC & M* station image
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling of Topside Ionosphere and Plasmasphere
    Modeling of Topside Ionosphere and Plasmasphere Shigeto Watanabe ( [email protected] ) Hokkaido University: Hokkaido Daigaku https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3058-0689 Yoshizumi Miyoshi Nagoya University: Nagoya Daigaku Fuminori Tsuchiya Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku Atsusi Kumamoto Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku Yoshiya Kasahara Kanazawa University: Kanazawa Daigaku Ayako Matsuoka Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Iku Shinohara JAXA Full paper Keywords: Topside Ionosphere, Plasmasphere, Modeling, Machine learning, Hinotori satellite, Akebono satellite, Arase satellite Posted Date: April 7th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-380095/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/18 Abstract We developed a new topside ionosphere and plasmasphere model using a machine learning technique using approximately ve million electron density datasets from the Japanese satellites, namely, Hinotori, Akebono, and Arase. The topside ionosphere and plasmasphere model (TIP-model) can estimate electron densities at altitudes ranging from 500 km to 30,000 km in terms of latitude, longitude, universal time, season, and solar and magnetic activities with time history. The model shows the time-dependent 3D structure of the plasmasphere in response to solar and magnetic activities. The constructed TIP-model reproduces plasmapause, plasma tail/erosion of the plasmasphere, and the plasma escape near the magnetic pole. The total electron content (TEC) in the plasmasphere was also obtained through the integration of electron density from 2,000 km to 30,000 km altitudes. The TEC of the plasmasphere is approximately 5 TECU near the magnetic equator, and it depends strongly on geomagnetic latitude, longitude, local time, and solar and magnetic activities.
    [Show full text]
  • National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
    Inter-University Research Institute Corporation National Institutes of Natural Sciences National Astronomical Observatory of Japan https://www.nao.ac.jp/en/ 2018 contents What is that Star? - A Message from Director General ………………………… p.4 Activities and Objectives of NAOJ ……………………………………………………… p.6 Organization ……………………………………………………………………………… p.6-p.7 NAOJ’s “Philosophy” ………………………………………………………………………… p.7 NAOJ Facilities ………………………………………………………………………… p.8, p.13 Extent and History of the Universe ………………………………………………p.9-p.12 Departments of NAOJ •C Projects ……………………………………………………………………………… p.14-p.17 •B Projects ……………………………………………………………………………… p.17-p.18 •A Projects ……………………………………………………………………………… p.21-p.22 •Centers …………………………………………………………………………………… p.23-p.24 •Divisions ………………………………………………………………………………… p.25-p.26 •Office of International Relations ……………………………………………………… p.27 Time Keeping, Ephemeris Computation, and Open Houses of NAOJ… p.28-p.29 Visitors’ Area at Mitaka Campus …………………………………………………………p.29 NAOJ as an Inter-University Research Institute …………………………………p.30 Administration for Open Use ……………………………………………………………p.30 Graduate Course Education ……………………………………………………………… p.31 Profile of NAOJ ………………………………………………………………………………… p.31 ●Images from the NAOJ various observations and facilities. ❶ ❷ I wandered into the leafy, ❸ green grounds of the ❹ observatory ... Front Cover 1/ Oxygen distribution detected by ALMA in MACS1149-JD1, a galaxy 13.28 billion light-years away. (Green image, Background image from Hubble Space Telescope) [Image Credit: ALMA（ESO/NAOJ/NRAO）, NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, W. What is that star? Zheng（JHU）, M. Postman（STScI）, the CLASH Team, Hashimoto et al.] 2/ Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) on the Subaru Telescope. 3/ Conceptual image of TMT when completed. 4/ Massively parallel supercomputer Cray XC50 “ATERUI II.” ❺ Back Cover 5 /Near infrared image of the star-forming region S 106 which is at a distance of approximately 2000 light-years from the Earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Particle Acceleration, Radiation & Kinetics
    ESA Voyage 2050 White Paper Solar Particle Acceleration, Radiation & Kinetics (SPARK) Point of Contact: Sarah Matthews, University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK Email: [email protected] 5 August 2019 Executive Summary Particle acceleration is a ubiquitous process throughout the universe, observed in environments as diverse as stellar coronae, active galactic nuclei, the coronae of accretion disks around black holes, the magnetospheres of neutron stars and planetary atmospheres (including our own) interacting with the wind of their star. It operates both in very dynamic and explosive situations and in more steady phenomena where steep gradients, turbulence and instabilities exist. The product of this process, or processes, are energetic particles that fill the universe, and shape the way in which our own and other solar systems work, and what the conditions for the emergence and continuation of life might be. The Sun is a privileged place to study this fundamental astrophysical problem. It is the only astrophysical setting that allows us to probe particle acceleration by a combination of remote sensing (imaging spectroscopy) and in situ measurements, with time resolution that resolves many of the processes of acceleration and transport. This White Paper introduces a mission concept, SPARK, aimed at making significant advances in understanding particle acceleration and transport. Energetic particles are seen in nearly every manifestation of magnetic energy conversion, from large flares down to minor explosive events in active regions, and sometimes even the quiescent solar atmosphere. Several decades of hard X-ray (HXR) observations have provided substantial insights into electron acceleration, but the low energy end of the accelerated electron distribution remains poorly constrained, with profound consequences for the flare energy budget.
    [Show full text]
  • Download 18.2 Mbyte
    First Results from Suzaku Tadayasu Dotani Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Note Many of the slides of the initial results are omitted because they are still preliminary. Outline of the lecture • Suzaku and X-ray telescope/detector – X-ray telescope (XRT) – X-ray Micro-calorimeter (XRS) – X-ray CCD camera (XIS) – Hard X-ray detector (HXD) • Initial operation and first light – Loss of XRS • Initial results • Summary and miscellaneous information History of the X-ray Astronomy Satellites in Japan 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 HAKUCHO TENMA GINGA ASCA Astro-E (Failed) Suzaku Suzaku NeXT 5th X-ray astronomy satellite in Japan. XEUS Retry mission of Astro-E failed in 2000. Suzaku (Astro-E2) Recovery mission of Astro-E Weight: 1700kg Power: 1400W Launch: July 10, 2005 Orbit: near-earth circular orbit (altitude 570km) Developed under Japan/US collaboration. Objective Wide-band, high spectral resolution observations of Astro-E2 in ISAS clean room X-ray sources. X-ray mirrors 6.5m XRT NASA/GSFC-Nagoya- ISAS/JAXA 1.9m Hard X-ray detector HXD Tokyo-ISAS/JAXA- Riken-Saitama- HIroshima-Kanazawa-... X-ray CCD camera (4 sets) XIS MIT-Kyoto-Osaka - XRS ISAS/JAXA-..... NASA/GSFC-Wisconsin X-ray micro calorimeter -ISAS/JAXA-TMU Suzaku telescopes/detector Instruments XRT-S+XRS XRT-I+XIS HXD Main role High resolution Wide-band spectroscopy spectroscopy Energy range 0.3-10 keV 0.2-12 keV 10-600 keV Effective area 150 (@6keV) 1300 (@1.5keV) 160 (@20keV) (cm2) 260 (@100keV) FOV 2.9’x2.9’ 18’x18’ 0.56ox0.56o (<80keV)
    [Show full text]
  • Headnews/Headnews.May01.Html
    HEAD - Newsletter No. 78, May 2001 file:///D|/H E A D/Web/headnews/headnews.may01.html HEADNEWS: THE ELECTRONIC NEWSLETTER OF THE HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS DIVISION OF THE AAS Newsletter No. 78, May 2001 IN THIS ISSUE: 1. Notes from the Editor - Paul Hertz 2. Minoru Oda (1923-2001) - Lynn Cominsky 3. Reuven Ramaty (1937-2001) - NASA Press Release 4. HEAD News: 2000 and 2001 Rossi Prizes - Lynn Cominsky 5. News from NASA Headquarters - Paul Hertz Alan Bunner to Retire Office of Space Science to Streamline its Organization Opportunity in Astrophysics at NASA Headquarters Cosmic Journeys Update Research Program Deadlines in 2001 Explorer Program Update: SMEX Explorer Program Update: MIDEX 6. HEAD in the News - Lynn Cominsky and Megan Watzke News from the HEAD Meeting in Honolulu News from the San Diego AAS Meeting News from Gamma 2001 Other Chandra News News from RXTE News from XMM 7. EUVE Completes Mission - Brett Stroozas and Roger Malina 8. RXTE News - Jean Swank 9. Chandra X-ray Observatory Status - Belinda Wilkes 10. High Energy Transient Explorer (HETE) - George Ricker 11. XMM-Newton Updates - Ilana Harrus 12. HESSI Ready for Launch - David Smith 13. Swift Mission News - Lynn Cominsky 14. GLAST Mission News - Lynn Cominsky 15. Chandra Fellows Named - Megan Watzke 16. Meeting Announcements: High Energy Universe at Sharp Focus (16-18 July @ St. Paul, MN) Statistical Challenges in Modern Astronomy III (18-21 July @ State College, PA) Two Years of Science with Chandra (5-7 September @ Washington, DC) 1 of 26 6/3/01 11:35 PM HEAD - Newsletter No. 78, May 2001 file:///D|/H E A D/Web/headnews/headnews.may01.html X-ray Astronomy School (10-12 September @ Greenbelt, MD) Gamma Ray Burst and Afterglow Astronomy 2001 (5-9 November @ Woods Hole, MA) New Visions of the X-ray Universe in the XMM_Newton and Chandra era (26-30 November 2001 @ ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands) from the Editor - Paul Hertz, HEAD Secretary-Treasurer, Notes [email protected], 202-358-0986 Beginning this month, HEAD will only be delivering the table-of-contents for HEADNEWS into your mailbox.
    [Show full text]
  • DARTS: JAXA’S Multi-Disciplinary Space Science Data Archives Ken Ebisawa, K
    DARTS: JAXA’s Multi-disciplinary Space Science Data Archives Ken Ebisawa, K. Matsuzaki, I. Shinohara, T. Tamura, Y. Yamamoto, A. Miura, H. Baba, C. Yamauchi, N. Okada and Y. Miyashita Center for Science-satellite Operation and Data Archive(C-SODA), JAXA/ISAS Yoshiodai 3-1-1, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Jpana EMail: [email protected] ABSTRACT DARTS (Data Archives and Transmission System: http://darts. jaxa.jp) is JAXA’s multi- disciplinary space science data archive, which covers space astronomy (X-ray, infrared and radio), solar physics, solar-terrestrial physics (STP), and lunar and planetary science. DARTS is developed and maintained by Center for Science-satellite Operation and Data Archive (C-SODA) at JAXA/ISAS. We archive all the telemetry data of the ISAS satellite for the last ~30 years, and high-level data of most science satellites since 1980`s. Currently we support seven active missions: Hinode (solar), Suzaku (X-rays), Akari (IR), Geotail (STP), Akebono (STP), Reimei (STP) and Hayabusa (planetary). These satellite data are highly processed , and the high-level data are archived at DARTS. Almost all the data go public after some proprietary periods, of which lengths depend on individual projects. Keywords: data archives, space science, astrophysics, solar physics, solar-terrestrial physics, lunar and planetary science INTRODUCTION Data ARchives and Transfer System (DARTS; http://darts.jaxa.jp) is the scientific satellite data archive at Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), which is a part of JAXA. DARTS is developed and maintained by Center for Science-satellite Operation and Data Archives (C-SODA) in ISAS. Development of DARTS started in 1997 with the aim of archiving scientific data of ISAS satellites, and providing the space science data by Japanese missions to global space science community.
    [Show full text]