Report of the OAS Electoral Observation Mission for the General and Municipal Elections in Belize, March
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EOM/OAS ELECTORAL OBSERVATION MISSION FINAL REPORT Organization of American States GENERAL AND MUNICIPAL GENERAL AND MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS, BELIZE 2012 GENERAL AND MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS IN BELIZE MARCH 7, 2012 Organization of American States Secretariat for Political Affairs Department for Electoral Cooperation and Observation 17th Street & Constitution Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006 Electoral Observation Missions (EOMs) USA Organization of American States (OAS) ELECTORAL OBSERVATION MISSION FINAL REPORT GENERAL AND MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS IN BELIZE MARCH 7, 2012 General Secretariat Organization of American States José Miguel Insulza Secretary General Albert R. Ramdin Assistant Secretary General Kevin Casas-Zamora Secretary for Political Affairs Pablo Gutiérrez Director Department for Electoral Cooperation and Observation OAS Cataloging-in-Publication Data Final report of the OAS Electoral Observation Mission to the General and Municipal Elections in Belize : March 7, 2012 / [Prepared by the Department for Electoral Cooperation and Observation]. p. ; cm. (Electoral Observations in the Americas series, no. 79) ; (OEA/Ser.D/XX SG/DCOE/II.79) ; (OEA/Ser.G CP/ doc.4802/12) ISBN 978-0-8270-5932-0 1. Elections--Belize. 2. Election monitoring--Belize. I. Organization of American States. Department for Electoral Cooperation and Observation. II. Series. III. Series: OEA/Ser.G CP/doc.4802/12. OEA/Ser.D/XX SG/DCOE/II.79 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................7 CHAPTER II. POLITICAL SYSTEM AND ELECTORAL ORGANIZATION ......................9 A. Political System .....................................................................................................................................9 B. Electoral Legislation ........................................................................................................................12 C. Electoral Authorities .......................................................................................................................12 D. Political Financing .............................................................................................................................15 CHAPTER III. THE MISSION: ACTIVITIES AND OBSERVATIONS .................................17 A. Pre-Electoral Phase ............................................................................................................................17 B. Election Day ..........................................................................................................................................20 C. Post-Electoral Phase .........................................................................................................................24 CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................25 CHAPTER V. RECOMMENDATIONS ...............................................................................................27 APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................................29 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On March 7, 2012, Belize underwent a process to At stake in the General and Municipal Elections were elect a Prime Minister, members of the National Assembly, all 31 seats in the National Assembly as well as 65 seats in nine Mayors and members of nine town councils. A total of town councils. This occasion marked only the second time 244 candidates, including representatives of four political in Belizean history that elections for members of municipal parties as well as independent candidates, ran for 96 posts. and representative governments were held simultaneously. Over 73% of Belize’s 178,054 registered voters went to the 74 candidates contested the 2012 General Elections in polls for the General and Municipal Elections. Belize. The ruling United Democratic Party (UDP) and the principal opposition People’s United Party (PUP) each fielded In response to a February 7, 2012 invitation extended candidates in all 31 national assembly constituencies. There by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of were also seven candidates from the People’s National Party Belize to observe the electoral process, the Organization of (PNP), two from Vision Inspired by the People (VIP) and three American States deployed an Electoral Observation Mission independents. In the municipal elections, 170 candidates composed of 22 international observers from 13 countries. competed for the posts of mayors and municipal councilors. This was the first such invitation from the government of Belize and thus the first election observed by the OAS in the Final results in the General Elections gave 17 seats country. in parliament to the UDP and the remaining 14 seats to the PUP. Dean Barrow of the UDP was sworn in for his second The Mission arrived in the country on March 1, consecutive term as Prime Minister of Belize. Of the 65 2012 to begin its observation of the electoral preparations contested municipal seats, the UDP won 42 and the PUP won and to meet with government authorities, party leaders, 23. candidates, members of the resident diplomatic community and civic organizations. On Election Day, observers were The OAS Electoral Observation Mission wishes deployed to all six of the country’s political districts, to express its gratitude to the Government of Belize for its covering all of its municipalities and more than 83% of invitation to observe the electoral process and to thank the the country’s voting centers. This presence in the country political parties and candidates for their collaboration with was made possible by financial contributions from the the Mission throughout its time in the country. governments of Bolivia, Chile, Mexico, Switzerland, the United States and the United Kingdom. 5 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION OAS Electoral Observation Missions (OAS/EOMs) The EOM team comprised 22 international observers constitute a key instrument in the defense and promotion of from 11 OAS member states (Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, democracy in the continent. They help guarantee the integrity, Barbados, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Guyana, Jamaica, impartiality, and accountability of numerous electoral Mexico the United States of America and Venezuela) and two processes and strengthen the credibility of democratic observer countries (France and Spain). The Mission initiated institutions in member states. its activities in the country with the arrival of the Chief and Deputy Chief of Mission on March 1, 2012. At that point the The presence of an OAS/EOM reflects the solidarity Mission installed itself permanently, with the staggered arrival and support of the Inter-American community towards of the remainder of the core group specialists: the electoral the efforts undertaken by democratic institutions in states analyst, electoral organization specialist, press officer, legal that organize and administer their own electoral processes. analyst and financial officer. On March 5, 2012, the first group OAS Missions promote the recognition of political rights, of observers was deployed to the six district capitals as well particularly the right to suffrage, as the legitimate expression as the national capital of Belmopan. On Election Day, the full of the opportunity of every citizen to elect representatives and complement of international observers was present in all six to be elected in an inclusive and free manner. districts and all nine municipalities. The Mission concluded its activities on March 9, 2012. Since 1962, the OAS has observed more than 190 electoral processes in the Hemisphere, although the greatest This report is organized into four chapters. The next advance in these initiatives has taken place in the last 15 chapter presents a general overview of the political system years. In that time span, the OAS has observed many different and electoral organization in Belize. The third chapter details types of elections - general, presidential, parliamentary, and the activities of the EOM, focusing on its observations from municipal elections, referenda, signature validation and the three key stages of the election: the pre-electoral period, collection processes, as well as primary elections within Election Day, and the post-electoral phase. The final two political parties – always at the request of the member state. chapters present the general conclusions of the Mission as The General and Municipal Elections of March 7, 2012 marked well as recommendations to strengthen the electoral process the first occasion that Belize had requested an OAS/EOM to in Belize. observe an electoral process in the country. The OAS responded positively to the invitation and set in motion preparations for an Electoral Observation Mission to observe the final days of campaigning, the conduct of the poll, the counting of ballots, and the immediate post-election process. The Secretary General designated Ambassador Frank Almaguer, former Ambassador of the United States to Honduras and former Secretary for Administration and Finance at the GS/OAS, to lead the OAS/EOM in Belize. He was assisted by Tyler Finn, Consultant in the OAS Department for Electoral Cooperation and Observation (DECO) as Deputy Chief of Mission, and by Rosa Serpa,