A Comparative Study of Black Magic Power in Roger Lancelyn’S Novel King Arthur and His Knight of the Round Table and Andrea Hirata’S Novel Sirkus Pohon

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BLACK MAGIC POWER IN ROGER LANCELYN’S NOVEL KING ARTHUR AND HIS KNIGHT OF THE ROUND TABLE AND ANDREA HIRATA’S NOVEL SIRKUS POHON

A THESIS

BY REGINA GOELA STEVANIE DEPARI REG.NO. 150705028

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, REGINA GOELA STEVANIE DEPARI DECLARE THAT I AM THE

SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS

MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO

MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR

IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR

AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS

BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN

TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR

THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed :

Date : May 20th, 2019

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : REGINA GOELA STEVANIE DEPARI

TITLE OF THESIS : A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BLACK MAGIC POWER IN ROGER LANCELYN’S NOVEL KING ARTHUR AND HIS KNIGHT OF THE ROUND TABLE AND ANDREA HIRATA’S NOVEL SIRKUS POHON

QUALIFICATION : S1/SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR

REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT

USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW

OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed :

Date : May 20th, 2019

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Firstly, all praise to the Almighty God, the most gracious and merciful, the lord of the world, who has been giving me His compassions and blessings, so due to those, this thesis is finally finished.

My gratitude goes to the Rector of University of Sumatera Utara, Prof.

Runtung Sitepu, S.H, M.Hum and the Dean of the Faculty Cultural Studies, Dr. Budi

Agustono, M.S. Then, I would like to thank to the Head and the Secretary of English

Department, Prof. Dra. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A., Ph.D. and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti,

S.S, M.A, Ph.D. and all the lecturers and the staff of English Department for the facilities and opportunities given to me during my study in this faculty.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Drs. Parlindungan Purba,

M.Hum., as my supervisor for his kindness, knowledge, patience, motivation and great advice for me to write and finish this thesis. Also, I would like to thank Dra.

Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum., as my co-supervisor for her kindness, great, knowledge, and excellent advice to help me overcome problems I have encountered.

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA My sincere gratefulness is devoted to my parents, Fabian Depari and Rita Vat

Nova Br. Ginting. They are the best parents that I have ever had who has been fighting so hard for the sake off my college. I do really thank you that you always support me in every condition, for giving me advices everytime I get lost, giving me motivation everytime I am down, reminding me everytime I do wrong things, and giving me endless loves no matter how often I annoyed you.

I am so grateful to have such amazing people that support me from the beginning until now. I dedicate my deepest gratitude to my beloved friends, The members of ―LFH‖ Widi, Rara, Srik, Audry and Miftach, and other friends Anna and

Haura. Thank you so much who had been my crazy friend, second family, and always being my energy when I fall down and fell sad.

My greatest thanks to all of English Literature students especially for the students of class B 15, who always support me during the process of writing this thesis. Thank you for all the support you have shown me, especially during the college process. I am grateful to have you all in my life. Last but not least, I would like to thank to my dear one Nicolas Bram, the one who often cheers me up, and always understand me in every condition during finishing my college. Thank you for filling out my days, and listening to my whole story. Hopefully we can make our dreams come true.

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA In writing this paper, I realized that this thesis is far from being perfect though I have done my best, so I hope suggestion for this thesis. Without any helps and support from all parties, this thesis would not be completed. Finally, may this thesis gives benefits for the readers and future researchers, may the grace, the bless and the love of the Almighty God always be with us forever, and may we always be in the protection of the Almighty God. Amen…

Medan, May 20th, 2019

Regina Goela Stevanie Depari

Reg. No. 150705028

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT

This thesis entitles "A Comparative Study of Black Magic Power in Roger Lancelyn's Novel King Arthur and His Knight of The Round Table and Andrea Hirata's Novel Sirkus Pohon". This thesis discusses about black magic power by elements of magic power. There are two problems that focused in this thesis; the black magic power portrayed in the novel King Arthur and his knights of the round table by Roger Lancelyn Green and Sirkus Pohon by Andrea Hirata and the similarities and the differences of black magic power portrayed in the novel King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table by Roger Lancelyn Green and Sirkus Pohon by Andrea Hirata. The method of research that is used in this thesis is qualitative method. Novel King Arthur and His Knight of The Round Table by Roger Lancelyn and Novel Sirkus Pohon by Andrea Hirata are the primary source of data by using theory elements of magic power by Kanisius and theory comparative literature which is will be compare in this study. The purpose of this thesis are to find out how black magic power and how the similarities and the differences of black magic power are portrayed in the novel King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table by Roger Lancelyn Green and Sirkus Pohon by Andrea Hirata. From this research it is found that the black magic power can be prove from the element of magic power are, subject, object and intermediary that portrayed in both of novels.

Keyword: black magic power, comparative, literature

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK

Tesis ini berjudul "A Comparative Study of Black Magic Power in Roger Lancelyn's Novel King Arthur and His Knight of The Round Table and Andrea Hirata's Novel Sirkus Pohon". Tesis ini membahas tentang kekuatan sihir hitam oleh unsur-unsur kekuatan sihir. Ada dua masalah yang difokuskan dalam tesis ini; kekuatan sihir hitam digambarkan dalam novel King Arthur and His Knight of The Round Table oleh Roger Lancelyn Green dan Sirkus Pohon oleh Andrea Hirata dan persamaan dan perbedaan kekuatan sihir hitam yang digambarkan dalam novel King Arthur and His Knight of The Round Table oleh Roger Lancelyn Green dan Sirkus Pohon oleh Andrea Hirata. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tesis ini adalah metode kualitatif. Novel King Arthur and His Knight of The Round Table oleh Roger Lancelyn Green dan Novel Sirkus Pohon oleh Andrea Hirata adalah sumber utama data dengan menggunakan elemen-elemen teori kekuatan sihir oleh Kanisius dan teori perbandingan literatur yang akan dibandingkan dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan dari tesis ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kekuatan sihir hitam dan bagaimana persamaan dan perbedaan kekuatan sihir hitam digambarkan dalam novel Novel King Arthur and His Knight of The Round Table oleh Roger Lancelyn Green dan Novel Sirkus Pohon oleh Andrea Hirata. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa kekuatan sihir hitam dapat dibuktikan dari unsur kekuatan sihir adalah, subjek, objek dan perantara yang digambarkan dalam kedua novel.

Kata kunci: kekuatan ilmu hitam, komparatif, sastra

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION………………………………………………………….. v COPYRIGHT DECLARATION………………………………………………………... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……………………………………………………………….. vii ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………….…… x ABSTRAK………………………………………………………………………………... xi TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………... xii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...... 1 1.1 Background of the Study...... 1 1.2 Problems of the Study…...... 6 1.3 Objectives of the Study...... 7 1.4 Scope of the Study...... 7 1.5 Significance of the Study...... 7 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE...... 8 2.1 Novel...... 8 2.1 A Brief Description of Comparative Literature...... 9 2.2 Motif...... 11 2.3 A Brief Description of Black Magic Power...... 12 2.4 Previous Researches...... 15 CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE STUDY...... 17 3.1 Research Design...... 17 3.2 Data and Data Source...... 18 3.3 Data Collecting Procedure...... 19 3.4 Data Analysis Procedure...... 19

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS...... 22 4.1 Analysis of Black Magic Power...... 22 4.1.1 Subject...... 22

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4.1.2 Object...... 28 4.1.3 Intermediary...... 34 4.2 The Similarities and Differences Novel King Arthur and His 40 Knight of The Round Table and Novel Sirkus Pohon...... 4.2.1 Similarities...... 40

4.2.2 Differences...... 40 4.3 Findings...... 42 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS...... 43 5.1 Conclusions...... 43 5.2 Suggestions...... 44 REFERENCES ...... 46

APPENDICES APPENDIX I The Biography of Both Authors APPENDIX II The Summary of Both Novels

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of The Study

A lot of bad impact from black magic power appear around the society at

this time. Although we can see that there is a prohibition in religion to use

black magic power. The fact is that it still happens today. Magic is obtained by

learning with a shaman and usually becomes a kind of profession. There are

many phenomena that we can see and even experience around our

environment. Most humans tend to be more easily tempted to accept lies from

shamans. If once a shaman is proven correct, then the society will be affected

for all the words of the Shamans.

The example, approaching September 9, 1999 and the shamans or

paranormal carried out large-scale socialization through the Posmo tabloid,

even that day was doomsday. Some also predicted that Soeharto would be shot

dead in 2000 and beyond which turned out to be far from reality. But how

strange, it turns out now more and more people who believe and use the

services of a shaman or paranormal to get certain desires. Not only phenomena

related to the review occur in Indonesia, but there are also extraordinary events

that cannot be explained by common physical causes. For example, Extra

Sensory Perception causes love or causes hatred. This can affect people's health

in miraculous ways (psychotherapy, spiritual healing), hypnotism, mesmerism,

spiritualism, telekinesis, etc. Such events do exist and we have seen them all.

Many reports and research on these things have reached us from trusted

sources. Today many Indians, Iranians and Western countries show paranormal

abilities and the authenticity of the news is difficult to reject. 1

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA In fact, Magic power has also given color to visual styles and aesthetic idioms. Some reality shows, works of performing arts or works of art are now beginning to intersect with the mystical world. At present there is no television station that does not show stories containing ghosts, myths, superstitions, legends, black magic power, and mysterious stories in the form of soap operas, film, exploration of haunted places or experiences of people who have been exposed to black magic power. TV stations and broadcast programs that are not far from the problem of black magic power and mysticism. Such as, Kisah- kisah Misteri (RCTI), Dunia Lain (Trans TV), Karma (ANTV) continues to occupy the top ladder in Indonesia's kinetic rating. It is not only a local product, but mention foreign TV program such as Charmed series, Buffy The

Vampire Slayer,The X-File, which is equally popular with the audience. Even the magazine HAI, which is known to be very popular with a market segment of teenagers and young people, making mysticism and magic power as the main theme in the October 28-November 8, 2002 edition. Then youtuber in

Indonesia like Radityadika also often tell Paranormal Experience from artists who are exposed black magic power in their life.

The term of Magic as general is a category in Western culture into which have been placed various beliefs and practices considered separate from both religion and science. Magic is something that is believed to be able to cause magical powers and can master the environment, including the mind and behavior of humans. In magic there is a belief that natural events are not moved by the will or mind of a private being, but by an eternal law that works mechanically (Ernst Cassier in Saputra, 2007). Back in the late 1300s, the

French word ―magique‖ entered the English language and became ―magic.‖

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The common French definition of the word was ―the art of influencing events and producing marvels using hidden natural forces.‖ This is a much closer characterization of magic than any modern-day dictionary will provide, but for the 21st-century Witch, it‘s more accurate to say that magic is the art of consciously participating in the co-creative forces of the Universe, by directing the energies of nature to cause desired changes in one‘s life. Knowing that reality is fluid and ever-changing, Witches use a variety of methods to connect their personal power with the power that governs the workings of the Universe.

Through this connection, their stated intentions are manifested into physical reality.

As Kanisius in Saputra , 2007 says that Magic power involves 3 elements, namely subject, object, and intermediary. The subject is represented by a shaman or person who asks for help from a shaman. In modern times that shamans or paranormal have got a new place and position that is more respectable in society from the lower to the upper classes. This shamans generally consists of people who work as fortune tellers, magicians, traditional leaders, and people who do alternative medicine who use genie as partners.

Sindhunata for example, once told a person named Buyut Kacung who was often visited by central officials to "berguru" from him. In fact, in every interview with a well-known shaman in newspapers, tabloids, magazines or television that many high-ranking officials get their positions on irrational ways. The Shaman was like a place of complaint for elites who had lost their confidence and their belief in God. The object is represented by the person who is the target or object of the sufferer, and the intermediary or can be a means used in the situation of a conducive community group.The Examples of

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA intermediaries that are considered to bring magical power are kris, incense, large trees, etc.

As Armaya in Saputra 2007 says that there are two types of magic , namely black magic and white magic. Black magic is identical to the value of evil values and is used to harm or even kill other people. Black magic is the most severe magic compared to other types of magic both heavy in terms of undergoing mystical behavior and in the social impact it causes. Victims of black magic are not only killed, but also often exhausted of their possessions.

Therefore the use of black magic can usually only be done by asking for the services of a shaman. White magic is also called a healing spell that serves to neutralize the practice of black magic. This is used for the treatment and prevention or refusal of reinforcements. Healing is not limited to pain caused by black magic power but also due to illness (Ernst Cassier in Saputra, 2007).

To extend our thinking and open our mind, we should explore some literary works from one country to another. This is because literary work are mimesis ( mirror of the reality which captures thinkings from different background of knowledge). After we know some literary works across countries, then we compare each of them to know some aspects of the works by using literary approach. This was known as comparative literature.

Weisstein (1973) states that comparative is a branch of literary history; it is study of realitions of internasional spritual, the study between the works, and the inspirations of the lives of different writers whom were created different literary work. In addition, comparative literature draws based on investigating various literature in some works of the writers, This is in line with Tieghem in

(Wesistein 1973) who argued comparative literature look primarily at studying

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA the works of various literature and their relationship. More completely comparative literature is defined as the study of literature beyond division of one particular country, and the study of the realionship between literature on the one hand and other areas of knowledge and belief on the others. In briefly, it was the study of one literature with another or the comparison of literature with other fields of human expressions.

The study analyzes two novels in order to see the similarities and the differences of certain elements in theme of the novels with the different language and culture. The two novels are: King Arthur and his knights of the round table by Roger Lancelyn Green and Sirkus Pohon by Andrea Hirata.

Novel King Arthur and his knights of the round table is an English literary work, written by Roger Lancelyn Green. Roger Lancelyn Green was born in

1918 in Norwich, England. Novel Sirkus Pohon is an Indonesian literary work, written by Andrea Hirata. Hirata was born in Gantung, Belitung.

Both of novels are talking about how black magic power plays a role in the story. In King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table, a sword is believed to have great strength and magic power. A Wizard is also believed to be the one who helped King Arthur obtain his power, then became an adviser when the king came to power. With Merlin's magic power, King Arthur could get Excalibur's sword which was a symbol of his power. In Sirkus Pohon, pomegranate tree is believed have magic power that can provide luck and bad luck. Black magic power also plays in the selection of a village leader. A shaman is believed to be a spiritual teacher in the Ketumbi society.

The writer is interested in analyzing the black magic power because there are so many phenomena about black magic power around society such as still

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA many people who believe in predictions from shamans and escape from reality

looking for an instant way to get something they want. This phenomenon can

portrayed in novel King Arthur and His Knight of The Round Table and Sirkus

Pohon. In this case, the two novels became the object of research to discover

the phenomenon of use black magic power. To prove the existence of black

magic power in the novel, the writer applies the elements of magic power

which consists of subject, object and intermediary. From the element of magic

power, the reader can see clearly that black magic power in real life can be

found in literary work.

1.2 Problems of the Study

The problems of the study are:

1. How is Black magic power portrayed in Roger Lancelyn Green‘s novel

King Arthur and his knights of the round table and Andrea Hirata‟s novel

Sirkus Pohon?

2. How are the similarities and the differences of black magic power

portrayed in Roger Lancelyn Green‘s novel King Arthur and his knights

of the round table and Andrea Hirata‟s novel Sirkus Pohon?

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.3 Objectives of the study

The objectives of the study are:

1. To find out how black magic power is portrayed in Roger Lancelyn Green‘s

novel King Arthur and his knights of the round table and Andrea Hirata‟s

novel Sirkus Pohon

2. To find out how the similarities and the differences of black magic power

portrayed in Roger Lancelyn Green‘s novel King Arthur and his knights of

the round table and Andrea Hirata‟s novel Sirkus Pohon

1.4 Scope of the study

The study is focused on black magic power as the motif in Roger Lancelyn

Green‘s novel King Arthur and his knights of the round table and Andrea

Hirata‟s novel Sirkus Pohon, which emphasizes on 3 elements of magic power,

namely subject, objects, and intermediary.

1.5 Significance of The Study

The study is expected to be beneficial theoretically and practically.

Theoretically, it is hoped that the findings of this research is beneficial to

enrich the knowledge of the literature theory.

Practically, it is hoped that readers to be more critic about black magic power,

and also the research motivate other researches, to do the same kind of research

but different object.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Novel

Novel is one of literary works that has intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements. Novel, an invented prose narrative of considerable length and a certain complexity that deals imaginatively with human experience, usually through a connected sequence of events involving a group of persons in a specific setting. Within its broad framework, the genre of the novel has encompassed an extensive range of types and styles: picaresque, epistolary, Gothic, romantic, realist, historical—to name only some of the more important ones.

According to Andri Wicaksono (2018: 43) novel is a prose essay that is storytelling, which tells of an extraordinary event from the lives of people (characters). It is an extraordinary event because of this incident a conflict emerged which diverted the direction of the fate of the characters. A novel only tells one aspect of the life of the character that is truly special, which results in a change of fate.

Novel is the most widely read of literature, although it is comparatively a new arrival. It may be defined as fictitious prose narrative of considerably length, which portray characters and actions or the representative of real life in continuous plot. Unlike the drama, it is free from all limitations. This free form not only makes it possible for a novelist to give a complete, presentations of human life, but also make it the easiest to write. (Martha Pardede, 2016:8)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

2.2 A Brief Description of Comparative Literature

Talking about the similar characteristics of literary works, it can be related to Comparative Study of Literature. Comparative literary study is the study which concerns with comparing between one national literary work and another national literary work, based on certain aspects. Comparative literary study has been started in the 18th and the 19th century, with comparing among the literary works. In the 20th century, comparative literary study is evolved.

Razali Kasim (1996: 26) mentions that comparative literature is an analysis that includes a comparison of literary works form different national literature, the relationship between literary works and science, religion

(beliefs), and arts as well as about theories, history, and critics.

The purpose of Comparative Literature is to identify the literary works based on the literary elements wither in intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements. It does not only concentrate on the literary elements, but as well as other aspects like history, religion, knowledge, society, etc. As David

Damrosch (2009: 46) mentions that, reading world literature gives us the opportunity to expand our literary and cultural horizons far beyond the boundaries of our own culture.

Comparative Literature can be seen through several fields, they are:

Themes and Motifs, Genre and Form, Movement and Generation, and

Interdisciplinary Aspects. In this analysis, the writer compares two literary works using thematic analysis focusing on theme and motif as the object of the study. Theme basically includes the meaning of motif. In further explanation,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA theme is the spiritual phenomenon of human which has repeated and will always repeat its self (Goethe in Weisstein, 1973: 138) whilst motive has the similarity with the other meaning of motive that is the main of the story which is universal, traditional, and appears repeatedly in the two literary works.

Razali Kasim (1996: 16, 17) mentions that American movement shows a wider scope study on comparative literature. Comparative study is not only about ‗comparing‘ literary works or the authors, but also talks about various other fields. Broadly, comparative literature includes:

1. A study of comparing literary works as well as the authors.

2. A study about the relationship between literary works and other

sciences (such as, philosophy, psychology, sociology, etc.), with

religion and beliefs as well as arts (such as paintings, music,

architecture, and sculpture).

3. A study of theory, history, and literary criticism (more precisely

‗literary criticism theory‘) which covers more than one national

literature.

Kasim (1996: 18, 19) mentions in the book that an author can probably create a literary work with location outside the cultural scope of where the author different cultural background from the author. Classic examples can be seen in several William Shakespeare‘s works. Julius Caesar, Romeo and Juliet,

The Merchant of Venice, Antony and Cleopatra, and The Two Gentlemen of

Venice are all have the same setting of place and all characters outside

England, which is Italy. However, all works are still considered as English national literature.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.3 Motif

The literary device ‗motif‘ is any element, subject, idea or concept that is constantly present through the entire body of literature. Using a motif refers to the repetition of a specific theme dominating the literary work. Motifs are very noticeable and play a significant role in defining the nature of the story, the course of events and the very fabric of the literary piece.

Through motifs will be found the theme of the story, because motifs is smallest elements of the story and what motifs that is repeated in the story.

Through its repetition, a motif can help produce other literary aspects such as theme.

According to Razali Kasim (1996: 60) motives are smaller units of themes and also storylines. Depictions of basic impersonal situations where the perpetrators have not been described individually. For example the situation between a man with two women, a problem between two friends, or between a father and his son. The phenomenon of human spirit that has been repeated and will continue to repeat itself.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.4 A Brief Description of Black Magic Power

Magic is something that is believed to be able to cause magical powers and can master the environment, including the mind and behavior of humans.

In magic there is a belief that natural events are not moved by the will or mind of a private being, but by an eternal law that works mechanically. Magic is different from religion. Religion is more transcendent and more similar to religious worship while magic is more immanent and tends to master things through some intelligence (such as fending off distress, influencing the forces of natural forces, mastering others, and wanting to kill people by piercing images). In religion humans want to serve. Whereas in magic, humans want to master that is mastering the processes that take place in the universe. (Ernst

Cassier in Saputra, 2007:113).

As Levi-Strauss in Saputra, 2007 says that Magic power involves 3 elements, namely subject, object, and intermediary. The subject is represented by a shaman or person who asks for help from a shaman. In modern times shamans or paranormal have got a new place and position that is more respectable in society from the lower to the upper classes. This shamans generally consists of people who work as fortune tellers, magicians, traditional leaders, and people who do alternative medicine who use genie as partners. The

Shaman was like a place of complaint for elites who had lost their confidence and their belief in God. The object is represented by the person who is the target or object of the sufferer, and the intermediary or can be a means used in the situation of a conducive community group. The Examples of intermediaries that are considered to bring magical power are kris, incense, large trees, etc.

(Levi-Strauss in Saputra, 2007: 127)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA In the Golden Bough book, (Frazer 1952: 12,14) There are two basic concepts of magic, namely sympathetic magic of Frazer and Gesunkenes

Kulturgut of Nauman (which states that superstition actually originates from religious beliefs that experience deterioration). According to Frazer 1952, the sympathetic magic is the close relationship between objects that are real and directly unrelated. Sympathetic magic can be divided into two, namely (1) homeopathic magic, also called imitative magic (2) magic contagions, also called magic of touch.

Homeopathic magic assumes that similar objects will always influence. It was explained that to harm the enemy, someone would ask for help from a dukun to make a doll similar to the enemy, then stab a stick with a needle and accompanied by a spell that resulted in the enemy falling ill and finally died.

Contagions magic or magic of touch assumes that objects that have ever touched will continue to have relationships. An example of someone's hair will be used to harm the owner of the hair. (Frazer,1952:14)

In the Tao of Physics book, (Capra 2001: 82) describes in length and width about the parallelism between modern physics and eastern mysticism. As

Capra (2001: 82) said that:

“Although in a different way, both of them oriented at one parallel point, namely cosmic unity. The cosmic unity can be explored through the translation of three massive particles, namely electrons, protons, and neutrons”

To understand cosmic unity, physicists are based on rational minds exploring their experiments with objects of the material world or regions of birth. While mysticism (including Sufis) is based on the intuitive mind, explores its understanding of cosmic unity through the totality of meditative

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA practices with objects focused on the world of consciousness or inner region.

According to Capra came to the conclusion that in order to understand cosmic unity, scientists only understood "the branches are not the roots" while the mysticists only understood "the roots are not the branches"

As Armaya in Saputra 2007 says that there are two types of magic power, namely white magic and black magic.White magic is also called a healing spell that serves to neutralize the practice of black magic. This is used for the treatment and prevention or refusal of reinforcements. Healing is not limited to pain caused by black magic power but also due to illness. (Saputra, 2007:

114,122)

Black magic is identical to the value of evil values and is used to harm or even kill other people. Black magic power is the most severe magic compared to other types of magic both heavy in terms of undergoing mystical behavior and in the social impact it causes.Victims of black magic power are not only killed, but also often exhausted of their possessions. Therefore the use of black magic can usually only be done by asking for the services of a shaman. Black magic is an evil science. Its strength comes from lust while its energy source comes from darkness. Black magic itself was very old, as old as the first human civilization, Adam and Eve. Because of that, the knowledge produced is amazingly powerful. The power of black magic itself is actually weak, but because it is burnt by hatred, arrogance, fear and anger that is extraordinarily large, its electrical energy will affect matter. (Saputra, 2007: 114,121)

Ardy Bin Syamsir on his personal blog said that the most dangerous black magic in Indonesia was found in Nusa Penida, Bali. On Nusa Penida, there is one of the most feared branches of black magic known as 'Sokik'. The 14

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA practice of black magic basically uses certain spells to reduce supernatural black power which aims to hurt someone both psychologically and physically.

So far this sokik is considered to be the hardest practice of black magic in Nusa

Penida. As a result, if exposed to sokik are various from the ordinary to the severe such as partial paralysis, severe migraines and some even have spoons and forks in their stomachs. They can also become dazed, prolonged daydreaming, great paranoid etc. If left unchecked it can lead to death.

Generally the physical pain it causes will have exactly the same characteristics as medical diseases. So when it is taken to the doctor, for example, it will be assumed to be normal but actually there is a magical power that plays a role.

2.5 Previous Researches

Kaltha Septian Marito (2016) has observed Magic Power to Get Wealth as Portrayed in The Folklore The Fisherman and His Wife and Hanasaka

Jhsan: A Comparative Literature. The finding is about magic to get wealth that really viewed from character‘s daily life from both folklores to show the magic to get wealth.

Sri Astuti (2008) has observed Mantra of Dayak Desa Language The

Study About Language Style, Purpose, Ritual Prosess, and Function.The finding is about the characteristic of mantra to evoke a sacred atmosphere or magical effect. The sacred atmosphere referred to here is that the mantra refers to the world outside the limits of the natural abilities of humans, the world outside the power of natural law, namely the occult tool as the influence of the magic power. 15

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Prasetyo Galih Budi (2006) has observed Elizabethan‘s Society Belief in the Existence of Supernatural Powers as Revealed in Shakespear‘s Macbeth.

The finding is about Supernatural power is a kind of magic. It reveals mysterious things for people. It has always been driving everyone‘s belief.

People can have different interpretation about superstitions. It exists in the daily life of our community. Countless work of literature bring the supernatural theme up to surface as either the main or the supportive theme. Macbeth was

Shakespear‘s last tragedy. The benefit for the writer to learn about supernatural is to know more about the characteristic and the type of supernatural power.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER III

METHOD OF THE STUDY

This research entitled ―A Comparative Study of Black Magic Power in

Roger Lancelyn‟s Novel King Arthur and His Knight of The Round Table and

Andrea Hirata‟s Novel Sirkus Pohon”. The material object of this research is

an English novel entitled King Arthur and His Knight of The Round Table by

Roger Lancelyn and an Indonesian novel entitled Sirkus Pohon by Andrea

Hirata. In conduct a research, the methods of the study is an important thing to

consider. A right and appropriate method will give a right and appropriate

result. A method of study will also determine the successful process of a

research.

3.1 Research Design

The writer will apply the method of descriptive-qualitative research in

this study. Bogdan and Taylor (1975: 5) states that qualitative research is an

analysis procedure whichproduces the descriptive data, applied as the words,

written-text, or utterence, from people who can be investigated. The qualitative

analysis, in general, can be named as the method of understanding the

phenomena about what happened with the analysis subject, for example,

attitude, behaviour, perception, motivation, habit, etc, holistically, and by the

descriptive method that applied as the words and language, in specific context

naturally, and using the scientific method.

Moreover, according to Lodico (2010:143) qualitative research has few

characteristics. Some of them are: studies in qualitative method are carried out 17

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA in naturalistic settings, in qualitative the researchers ask broad research

question designed to explore, interpret, or understand the social context, and

the study data report is in narrative form or using words rather than numbers.

This thesis is a comparative study in field of motif because the writer will

compare two literary works from two different nations, language and cultures

focusing on motif which is about black magic power and find out the

similarities and differences of it. In this case, the writer will also use the

concept of black magic power. Moreover, the writer used library research by

using some books and other material as the resources that related to the topic of

this thesis.

3.2 Data and Data Source

The object of this research is two novels entitled King Arthur and His

Knight of The Round Table by Roger Lancelyn is an English novel and the

other one is an Indonesian novel which entitled Sirkus Pohon by Andrea

Hirata. Both of the novels deal with the same motif which is black magic

power. All the words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs related to black

magic power are the research data.

The sources of data are divided into two parts, they are primary data and

secondary data. The primary data can be derived from two novels which is will

be the main data to compare in this study. The first is an English novel which

entitled King Arthur and His Knight of The Round Tableby Roger Lancelyn

and the second novel is an Indonesian novel which entitled Sirkus Pohon by

Andrea Hirata.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The secondary data can be derived from the books, the articles of

journals or other source of materials that related to the topic of Comparative

Literature Study and Concept of black magic power.

3.3 Data Collecting Procedure

In order to collect the data, the first step is reading the novels. The writer

read the first novel King Arthur and His Knight of The Round Table by Roger

Lancelyn and the second novel Sirkus Pohon by Andrea Hirata. After that, the

writer select and pick the data which is the quotations of the words, phrases,

sentences, and paragraphs in the novel that related to the problem.

The third step of the procedure is searching and reading the secondary

data. The writer search, read and select the books, articles, journals, or the

other source of materials that related to the topic of Comparative Literature

Study and concept of black magic power.

3.4 Data Analysis Procedure

Analyzing data is applied when all the primary data from both of literary

works are collected and selected, data from literary works are in a form of

written text, which concern about motif black magic power of whole text, from

the whole text that has been selected will be found the most significant data

which support this topic and then data will be interpreted. After that, the writer

would make interpretation base on the data which already taken before. Then,

the writer will compare and analyze the two literary works King Arthur and

His Knight of The Round Table by Roger Lancelyn and Sirkus Pohon by

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Andrea Hirata. The last step is the writer would make further analysis about similarities and differences of black magic power in both of novels. And at last the writer makes the conclusion and the suggestion about this thesis.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The chart of the approach can be summarized in the pattern below:

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BLACK MAGIC POWER IN ROGER

LANCELYN’S NOVEL KING ARTHUR AND HIS KNIGHT OF THE ROUND TABLE AND ANDREA HIRATA’S NOVEL SIRKUS POHON.

How is Black magic power portrayed in the How are the similarities and the differences of novel King Arthur and his knights of the black magic power portrayed in the novel round table by Roger Lancelyn Green and King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Sirkus Pohon by Andrea Hirata? Table and Sirkus Pohon?

Theory of elements magic power by Comparative Literature Levi-Strauss Black Magic Power

Descriptive Qualitative

Method

Conclusion 21

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 Analysis of Black Magic Power

4.1.1 Subject

Queen Morgana is the subject of the elements of magic power in the

novel King Arthur and His Knight of the Round Table. She is King Arthur's

sister that has magic power. Queen Morgana as magician uses black magic to

kill King Arthur.

In western culture that black symbolizes death and sadness which can

cause stress. In the symbol of power and toughness, black is used to display an

evil impression. Stereotypes against blacks also occur in some countries such

as the United States. The white race in the southern part of the United States

assumes that all blacks (Negro) are uneducated, behave brashly, and do not

understand norms. In this case the stereotypical picture will continue to be

attached to the thought that black is oriented towards bad things like devil,

darkness and death.

The characteristic of black magic is to ignore worship based on religious

rules and supernatural powers obtained by worshiping or fellowship with

demons or spirits. As Morgana did that uses magic power to kill king Arthur.

Killing another person or suicide is an evil act that is opposed by religion and

law. So Morgana's action is related to black magic power and opposed to

religion. It can be seen on the quotation :

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “Morgan le Fay was a queen, with a castle in the country of Gorres. She was a very bad woman. She could do magic, but she only used her magic for bad things. King Arthur did not know that Morgan le Fay hated him. She wanted King Arthur to die.”

(Roger Lancelyn Green, 1953: 65)

Many problems in human tragedy, where people kill, harass and commit acts of violence against each other. Many things could cause it. However, if the main cause is contemplated, it is because humans do not appreciate others. Man has left his human nature, so he is not able anymore to humanize humans, treate others important and valuable. Humans seem to have started to lose humanity.

Humans have failed to maintain their nature as social beings and God's creatures are precious. Man forgets and fails to perform his social responsibility to protect, love and do good and noble. Humans have failed to position and treat others as beings that should be protected and cherished. Animals kill animals, so do humans. Proved there are plenty of people to kill, harass and commit acts of violence against each other, either directly or indirectly.

Humans have moral decline, ethics and religion by abandoning the essential dignity. Queen Morgana can also transform herself and her followers to stone by her magic with the aim of hiding from King Arthur. It can be seen on the quotation below:

“After this Queen Morgana Led her followers into a valley filled with great stones, and by her magic turned herself and all of them into stones also, so that when King Arthur and Sir Outlake came among them a few minutes later, neither Morgana Le Fay nor any of her people was to be seen. “Here has been an evil magic”, said Arthur, crosing himself”

(Roger Lancelyn Green, 1953: 76)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Valleys, mountains and caves in the forest are often used for hermitage.

Then the location is a sacred place that is inhabited by many jinn and devil.

Even people who come to the sacred place is from various kinds of groups ranging from ordinary people to big figures. The purpose of them is meditating in places that are classified as haunted to look for magical powers and train their mysticism, so that they can have certain powers or even the knowledge of being immune to weapons. This kind of trust has become the root of culture in every country. It is occur to Queen Morgana who used her black magic power in the valley to hide from King Arthur so she was not seen by King Arthur's vision. Morgana hid from King Arthur because she had stolen the magic sword from Arthur to try to take the position of the King.

Praying gives the clearest sign that humans believe in a great power that is above them. It is this great power that will protect humans. With this power of trust that comes from prayer, finally everyone will no longer feel afraid and feel safe under any circumstances. Because the great power of God will protect every human who is prays. Its to occur King Arthur who make a sign of the cross as a sign that Catholics prayed to God. King Arthur did that to feel safe and ask for protection from God. He asked for protection from the evil magic that he felt around him.

Dukun Daud is a subject that portrayed in the novel Sirkus Pohon. He is believed to have magical powers to give evil spells to harm others or able to healing of mysterious diseases and also be able to win elections in the prospective village head.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Shamans ‗dukun‘ is a term that is commonly understood in terms of people who have superiority in terms of the magical which causes it to overcome things that are invisible and capable of communicating with spirits and ghost. It are used to help solve problems in society, such as illness and magic disturbance or able to give evil spells to harm others . The term

Shamans ‗dukun‘ is usually used in rural areas while paranormal to express the same thing is used more commonly among urban populations.

Shamans ‗dukun‘ get negative connotations in society because they often ask for payment or compensation for personal gain. But the services of a shamans are not balanced with the fees that they receives and often practice immorality under the pretext of being part of the treatment. Dukun Daud is believed to be a Shamans ‗dukun‘ or who possesses magical powers.

Compensation desired by Dukun Daud must be in accordance with his request. If that is not according to the his offer so he reject to help the society.

It can be seen on the quotation below:

“Akhirnya, dipanggil dukun dari pulau Menguang yang konon paling hebat dari semua dukun. Dukun Daud namanya. Dukun ini tak bisa sembarang dipanggil. Dia hanya mau mengobati orang yang “cocok” dengannya. Meski seseorang sudah meregang nyawa, meratap-ratap nangis darah mau minta tolong kepadanya, jika tidak cocok, Daud takkan datang”

(Andrea Hirata, 2017: 127)

(‗Finally, he was summoned by a shaman from Menguang island who was said to be the most powerful of all shamans. his name dukun Daud. This shaman cannot be summoned. He only wants to treat people who suit him. Even though someone had died, lamented the blood crying for help, if it was not suitable, Daud would not come‘)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Dukun ‗Shaman‘ have negotiated with their guests or clients and also with the surrounding environment. Dukun ‗Shaman‘ identify themselves as having special powers so they want to be rewarded from what they have done.

It occur to Dukun Daud who negotiated before helping. Due to the identity of

Dukun Daud who has been known to be the most powerful in his area that making the negotiation process difficult to agree on. Compassion is also not visible from the character of Dukun Daud because he does not care for his client who has cried even dying to get help by him. Dukun Daud wants to big profit from the practice of his magic and the agreement in negotiations is very important for him.

The practice of shamanism still often occurs in villages. The candidate

believes that the victory in the village head election because there was role of

black magic power from paranormal. Then Dukun Daud was considered a

powerful dukun ‗Shaman‘. Dukun Daud often received advantages from people

who wanted to win the village head election. It can be seen on the quotation

below:

“Tiba-tiba semua jadi mencurigakan. Mendadak Penasihat sadar bahwa nun di bawah tanah, tersembunyi, diam-diam dan penuh muslihat, magna mistik sedang bergolak. Untuk sementara, telaahan Penasihat mengarahkannya pada suatu kesimpulan, yakni ilmu hitam telah bermain dalam pemilihan Kepala Desa Ketumbi”

(Andrea Hirata, 2017: 241)

(‗Suddenly everything was suspicious. Suddenly the Adviser is aware that the underground nun, hidden, secretly and sketchy, mystical magna is in turmoil. In the meantime, the advice of the Adviser directs it to a conclusion that black magic has played in the election of Ketumbi Village Head‘)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

"Begini, bos. Sehubungan dengan pertanyaan Bos tempo hari, mengenai mengapa Bos kalah dalam pemilihan kepala desa periode lalu, perlu kujelaskan sebelumnya bahwa semua masalah di dunia terdiri atas dua bagian. "Yaitu?" "Masalah teknis atau masalah normal dan nonteknis atau tidak normal." "Paham." "Semua masalah teknis Bos sudah beres..." "Oh, berarti ini masalah paranormal, ah, gampang itu, Mot! Cepat panggil Dukun Daud kemari!" Datanglah Dukun Daud bersama asistennya. Mereka di sambut Gastori dengan senyum sahabat lama. Nyata sekali mereka sudah sering berkongsi”

(Andrea Hirata, 2017: 242)

(‗Here, boss. Regarding the day-to-day Bosses question about why Bos lost to the village head election last time, it was necessary to explain that all the problems in the world are two parts. "Which?" "Technical or problem issues are normal and non- technical or abnormal." "Got it." "All Bos technical problems have gone wrong" "Oh, that's a paranormal problem, ah, that's easy, Mom! Call the Dukun David right now!" Come in with David his assistant. They greet Gastori with the old friend's smile. Real once they've shared it often‘)

Indonesian people still use paranormal services. Not only in villages, even in big cities they still use the services of paranormal . In fact there are many people with high academic degrees, officials, politicians, businessmen, and others come to the paranormal to get what they want. Users of paranormal services have never subsided from time to time. The fraud cases involving

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA shamans have repeatedly occurred. Often appear obscene paranormal, fraudulent buying and selling of sacred objects. Many paranormal advertise themselves, claiming to have supernatural powers and experiences in the unseen world. Some even dare to provide guarantees or some kind of guarantee of success after consulting with them.

It occur to Gastori as candidat of village heads that can fullfil the payment of Dukun Daud wanted. Negosiations between Dukun Daud and

Gastori as candidat of village heads were easy to agree because Gastori able to give big profit to Dukun Daud. And Dukun Daud is a cunning shaman because he receive a offer from Gastori who had a lot of money to win the village head election than to help his client who was dying.

4.1.2 Object

King Arthur is an object that portrayed in the novel King Arthur and His knight of the Round Table. He is a target of black magic power from his sister,

Queen Morgana. The impact of the target black magic power can vary such as difficulty sleeping, weakness, crazy and even death. That depends on how much the aim of subject to hurt the object. Queen Morgana who sent magic to

King Arthur aimed to kill him from a mantle as a gift. It can be seen on the quotation below:

“King Arthur was happy in the gift of the mantle from his sister, and put out his hand to take it. But the Lady Nimue, who had returned to Camelot with him, cried out suddenly : 'Lord King, put not on the mantle until you know more of it! Let this damsel set it upon her own shoulders ere it come on yours or any other's in this hall.'

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 'Sir,' she said. 'I am not worthy to wear a king's robe!' 'Nevertheless, you shall wear this!' commanded Arthur. And so perforce the damsel drew the mantle close about her and immediately there was a bright burst of flame, and she fell to the ground, a heap of smouldering ashes”

(Roger Lancelyn Green, 1953: 77)

Besides King Arthur as the target of black magic evidently a damsel which is messenger by Queen Morgana to carry the magic mantle became a victim and lost to be ashes. This is because Lady Nimue tell King Arthur to be careful to accept the mantle as a gift. So King Arthur tell the damsel who as messenger by Queen Morgana first to wear the mantle. Even though the damsel try to reject but King Arthur force her. So that damsel became the victim of the wrong target of the black magic power by Queen Morgana.

Usually, someone who wants to give a mantle to king is someone who wants to protect the inside of the king's body to feel comfortable. Because the function of mantle is a protection and to feel warm. A king's mantle is only the king can wear because it is an identity. The mantle is decorated with luxurious precious stones. So that it will look more glorious if used. But mantle from the point of view of black magic able to kill those who wear it. Something that looks fancy and protects turns out to be harmful. It occur to King Arthur who get a mantle from Queen Morgana as his sister to kill him. The negative impact of ambition is able to hurt or harm others such as killing other people. She can justifies any means to get she wants. Queen Morgana did this because of an ambition to take the king's position. So it can destroy the siblings' relationship because of an ambition.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA While King Arthur as a good king never has bad thoughts and never been suspicious to his sister because he immediately wanted to receive that gift. A good king always has servants who are loyal and always want to protect him.

Even the loyalty of a servant is greater than the loyalty of siblings. Loyalty between the servant and the king attracted sympathy from a king, so that there was no distance between the king and his servants. This happened to the servant of King Arthur who protected him from a mantle who had black magic power. The position of king is very important because he is the highest leader in his kingdom. Then the king's salvation must be guarded by his servants from those who want to try to kill a king.

The power of black magic does not see who will be the victim. Women or men, good people or bad people even strong or weak people that‘s all can be affected by black magic power.

Dinda is an object that portray in the novel Sirkus Pohon. She is beautiful girl in the village and be a target of black magic power from Dukun Daud . The fact is the beauty from the most beautiful girl in the village can be a disaster for herself. Dinda has a kind heart but it is a pity which is she had a mysterious disease because of being exposed to black magic power. It can be seen on the quotation below:

“Bak bohlam yang bersinar terang, sekonyong- konyong putus, gelap, begitu pula Dinda, tiba-tiba dia padam, diam, diam seribu bahasa. Mantri didatangkan dan dengan cepat menyimpulkan Dinda sehat walafiat. Berikutnya dapat diduga. Dalam masyarakat yang lebih percaya kepada dukun ketimbang dokter, keluarga Dinda mengundang orang-orang pintar untuk mengatasi soal yang misterius ini. Macam-macam pendapat: guna-guna,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA iri dengki, disenggol dedemit, ditampar iblis, dirasuki setan...”

(Andrea Hirata, 2017: 126)

(‗It's like a bulb that shines brightly, suddenly it breaks, it's dark, and so does Dinda, suddenly she's extinguished, silent, quiet a thousand languages. Mantri comes in and quickly concludes Dinda healthy. Next is expected. In a more faith-based society than doctors, the Dinda family invites orang pintar to overcome this mysterious matter. Various opinions: guna-guna, jealousy, disenggol dedemit, slaughtered by demon, possessed by demons‘)

Some of the reasons why the community in village prefers to seek treatment from a dukun ‘Shaman’ rather than the doctor because transportation to the hospital not yet optimal and lack of Puskesmas facilities make many rural residents forced to go to Shamans ‗dukun‘ and other traditional treatments. Likewise, doctors who serve in the village do not come to visit the village every day. This condition made it difficult for residents, so they were forced to seek quick and cheap treatment. Even though not through medical treatment. Everything that happens because black magic power can not be concluded with a diagnosis from a doctor.

“Dukun itu tak melakukan apa pun. dia hanya bilang musibah yang menimpa Dinda bersangkut paut dengan buah delima. Lalu, dia mengatakan sesuatu yang membuat setiap orang di rumah itu bergidik bahwa Dinda akan celaka jika nanti gerhana matahari tiba. Semua tahu, dalam dunia dukun, celaka adalah kata ganti untuk mati.”

(Andrea Hirata, 2017: 128)

(‗The shaman did nothing. He only said that the disaster that had befallen Dinda was related to pomegranates. Then, he said something that made everyone in the house shudder that Dinda would get

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA hurt if a solar eclipse arrived. All know, in the world of shamans, celaka is a pronoun to die‘)

It‘s experienced by Dinda's family who had despaired with the illness suffered by Dinda which did not know the cause. She even went back and forth to the doctor, but some doctors diagnosed that there was no disease. So as to make them choose to go to the Shamans ‗dukun‘ . The Opinions from the

Shamans ‗dukun‘ that Dinda is exposed the kind of black magic power from pomegranate tree.

There is a possibility that there are indeed people who are jealous of

Dinda's beauty that she got black magic power so she lost her beauty by acting weird like crazy. It can be seen on the quotation below:

“Jumat yang lalu Hanuhi lewat di depan rumah Sobri dan melihat Dinda berdiri berpayung di bawah pohon delima di muka rumah itu. Dia heran sebab waktu itu magrib, tak hujan, tak pula panas, mengapa Dinda berpayung? Orang-orang itu langsung menuduh Hanuhi berdusta. Salah satu dari mereka, sambil melihat kiri-kanan, menyebut nama Dinda, lalu meyilangkan jari di keningnya” (Andrea Hirata, 2017: 234)

(‗Last Friday Hanuhi passed in front of Sobri's house and saw Dinda standing umbrella under a pomegranate tree in front of the house. He was surprised because it was sunset, it did not rain, nor was it hot, why did Dinda swing? The people immediately accused Hanuhi of lying. One of them,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA looking left and right, called Dinda's name, then crossed his finger on his forehead‘)

Guna-guna is a kind of black magic that usually sent to other people, and for various purposes, so that the person can be falls in love, crazy, sick and even dies. Usually the object of the black magic power is easily influenced by magic because it has a weak physique and they have a prominent advantage.

It occur to Dinda that Dinda's strange attitude like wearing an umbrella without any rain or heat. This can convince Dinda be crazy because of the impact of black magic power. Many people are out there, especially those who still live in villages who believe in mystical things. The feeling of envy is an evil act if they use black magic to hurt others. Dinda is a victim of someone's jealousy that makes her be crazy. If previously many people admired Dinda's beauty, but now many people in the village talked about the oddity of Dinda's attitude that was considered crazy.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4.1.3 Intermediary

Apart from the mantle that was given evil magic that the sword is an intermediary that portrayed in the novel King Arthur and His Knight of the

Round Table. Queen Morgana changes the sword that King Arthur usually uses to fight with swords that have been given black magic. This aims to make King

Arthur lose the battle and he will die. It can be seen on the quotation below:

“And when King Arthur saw his blood upon the grass, and felt how the sword in his hand but not into the steel as it was wont to do, while Accolon's drew blood at every stroke, he felt that there had been treason and black magic used to change the swords.”

(Roger Lancelyn Green, 1953: 71)

In the course of World History, war is something that must be passed to achieve glory and power. In war, weapons are the most important thing, and the most widely used is the sword. There have been many heroic stories about the use of swords in historical records, swords and their use have become famous and continue to be remembered today. As can be seen in history King

Arthur and his sword. The magic sword that King Arthur got was called

Excalibur. The sword has tremendous strength. Then the sword will bring freedom and peace if used on the right person like King Arthur. Arthur as the king must be able to use the sword wisely like defending the right each person.

King Arthur must also have humility even though he is a king who has the strongest sword. Because the power and greatness of a sword many people who want it with bad aims.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA It is use by Queen Morgana who change the Excalibur sword of King

Arthur with the sword from Morgan le Fay's magic. The fact that she want to harm King Arthur so King Arthur lost from the battle because of many wounds to his body. She can also has the real Excalibur to rule and strengthen her black magic. The black magic of Queen Morgana will bring destruction to the kingdom and the people around her.

“„Queen Morgan le Fay gave it to me. She said, „Here is King Arthur‟s sword, Excalibur, and its scabbard. Take them for the fight. Then you will fight well and your king can leave the castle of that evil knight, Sir Damas.”„ King Arthur was very angry when he heard Accolon‟s story. „I know now that you did not want to kill me. Sir Accolon. You are a brave knight. Now I understand Morgan le Fay‟s evil plan. I had a conversation with Merlin, the man of good magic. I have to be careful with my sword and scabbard, he said. But I did not listen‟” (Roger Lancelyn Green, 1953: 73)

Besides change the sword with evil her magic that Queen Morgana deceive a good knight to kill his King. This is unknown to Accolon as a good

Knight who aims to protect King Arthur. So she create a battle that make

Accolon kill his own king because he thought that King Arthur was not a king but someone who would kill the king.

In the proverb that the biggest enemy in a war is the enemy in the blanket

(traitor). The traitor is a person who has the potential to become a traitor not from the enemy but from the closest people such as friends, family. Traitor is closest person. If a traitor commits treason because jealous and are not happy to see other people more powerful or happy than them. They wants to have that which is not theirs by doing anything. Of course this evil action can hurt the closest person.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Queen Morgana is traitor can be show from the quotation below. A damsel said Queen Morgana gave King Arthur a sword to win the fight and she is pray while kneeling to King Arthur's victory. In fact all of this is just a trap from Queen Morgana in order to be able to kill King Arthur with an intermediary without her own hands. The sword is use as an intermediary to kill King Arthur. Whereas King Arthur himself was very love of his sister so he did not think badly about Queen Morgana's plan.

“Sir, your sister, my mistress, Queen Morgana le Fay, greets you. And she sends me to bring you your sword Excalibur which you left in her keeping, for she hears that this day you must engage in battle. Here is the sword, and the scabbard also : and my mistress kneels even now in prayer for your safety... now that he had his own sword and the magic scabbard the wearer of which would never lose much blood, however sorely he was wounded”

(Roger Lancelyn Green, 1953: 71) In ancient times humans have had confidence in a thing that is considered magical. The thing is believed to have the power that affects the success or failure of human efforts. They believe in magic power and that power can help them. Such as kris, statues, mountains, large trees etc. To get help from the occult forces, they performed ceremonies giving offerings and rituals.

In the era of modern and sophisticated, there are some people who have unique hobbies, like lucky things or what they call heritage. Not just the object, but the way to get it that makes the inheritance special. Even though each person have a religion but there are still those who have things that are considered sacred. The thing is owned for certain purposes.

Pomegranate tree is an intermediary that portray in the novel Sirkus

Pohon. Spell is a word or speech that brings magical power and brings harm.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Black spells include aiming to harm people in order to get sick or die, repay the wrongdoing of others, and deceive others because of heartache. In Malay society, the spell is commonly known as serapah or jampi. Spell is written in such a way that anyone who will use it only needs to tell the name of the person who will be the target. It can also be targeted at objects around the victim as an intermediary so that evil spells reach the victim.

―Dukun Daud membungkus akar pohon delima yang disukai Dinda dengan karung goni, dijampi-jampi, dan diberi zat tertentu. Caranya menyebut jampi itu disertai suatu kerlingan mata dangdut seolah di dunia ini hanya dia yang sakti.‖ (Andrea Hirata, 2017: 327)

(‗David's shaman wraps the root of the pomegranate tree that Dinda likes with a burlap sack, spelled out, and given certain substances. The way to call the incantation was accompanied by a dangdut eye glance as if in this world he was the only one who was powerful‘)

It occurs to the Dukun Daud who mentions spell on the pomegranate tree that

Dinda likes. Dukun Daud knows that Dinda likes pomegranate very much.

Through the intermediary of the pomegranate that Dukun Daud took the opportunity to give an evil spell to hurt Dinda.

“Gadis Melayu lain suka menjahit, menyulam, membuat penganan, meronce bunga, menjalin janur, menabuh rebana, ikut kursus mengetik sepuluh jari, tapi Dinda suka buah delima” (Andrea Hirata, 2017: 327) (‗Other Malay girls like to sew, embroider, make snacks, make flowers, braid, slash tambourines, take a ten finger typing course, but Dinda likes pomegranates‘)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA From the quotation above, Dinda is different from other Malay girls. If other Malay girls like activities that produce different works with Dinda who really likes pomegranate. It turns out that many people take the opportunity to hurt other people from the objects they like. This is used so that the victim is easily exposed to an evil spell because the spell is always close to the victim.

It occurs to Dinda who really likes pomegranate and when the pomegranate is eaten by her, Dinda is easily exposed to evil spells that can hurt her. Like the fairy tale of Snow White who died after eating an apple that had been given an evil spell from a witch.

Some of the tree species are believed to contain mystical powers and are even believed to have the power of magic that can bring good luck or bad luck. So that many trees are sacred and considered haunted. The fact, in Bali it can also be found that if a tree is considered sacred, usually the trunk will be wrapped in a cotton cloth or white yellow cloth.

It turns out that the Pomegranate tree in the novel Sirkus Pohon is considered haunted and can bring bad luck to someone's life. It can be seen on the quotation below:

“Maka makin murka aku pada pohon delima. Bagiku ia biang kerok kesialan hidupku. Semakin bulat tekadku mau menumbangkan delima itu. Namun, aku tak boleh gegabah sebab kata Dukun Daud delima itu berhantu. Takut aku kena musibah seperti dialami Dinda”

(Andrea Hirata, 2017: 248)

(‗So I got angry at the pomegranate tree. I think that tree is bad luck for my life. I am more convinced to cut down the tree. However, I should not be careless because of the words of the Dukun Daud that Pomegranate was haunted. I was afraid of being hit like a disaster of Dinda experienced‘)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA A matter that is considered to bring bad luck can be seen from the

disaster experienced by someone who is judged for one thing. Because

someone's bad experience does not want to be experienced by others. People

will try to stay away from things that bring bad luck in their lives. Because no

one in this world wants to be hit by disaster or bad luck.

One more myth that is believed to be a place where ghosts nest is trees.

Many stories say that like to ghosts occupy certain types of trees. It turns out

that something related to ghosts can be associated with dark things that give

bad luck to the same thing as black magic power that can give bad luck to the

target. It occurs in the above quote that someone experiences bad luck from a

pomegranate tree. He considered a pomegranate tree to bring misfortune

because Dinda as his girlfriend was disastrous because of the tree. He

prevented misfortune by cutting down pomegranate trees because he did not

want the disaster to occur in his life.

4.2 The Similarities and Differences King Arthur and His Knights of The

Round Table and Sirkus Pohon

Based on the analysis above, there are similarities and differences found

in the two novels.

4.2.1 Similarities

a) Both novels have 3 elements from the elements of magic power. That is

subject, object and intermediary

b) Both novels have the subject of someone who has magic power as magician

c) Both novels have the purpose of black magic power from subjects to hurt

objects such as killing and sent mysterious diseases

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA d) The intermediary between the two novels comes from thing around the

victim. So it's easy make object exposed of black magic power that has been

given a black magic power from the subject.

4.2.2 Differences

a) The magician in the novel King Arthur and His knight of the Round Table is a

woman as the queen in the kingdom and the closest person of the victim. Her

name is Queen Morgana who is the sister of King Arthur who as the victim.

While, The magician in the novel Sirkus Pohon is man as shaman ‗dukun‘ in

the village and has no family relationship with the victim. His name is Daud

that most powerful shaman ‗dukun‘ in the village.

b) The Victim in novel King Arthur and His knight of The Round Table is a man

as a wise king. His name is King Arthur. Although Queen Morgana as a

subject want to kill King Arthur with the power of black magic but never

succeeded. So in this novel has the victim wrong target is a damsel who died

to be ashes. While The Victim in the novel Sirkus Pohon is a beautiful girl.

Her name is Dinda. Dukun Daud as a subject succeed sent black magic power

to make Dinda get a mysterious disease and she be crazy. In this novel no

victim wrong target.

c) There are two intermediary in the novel King Arthur and His Knight of the

Round Table are sword and mantle that have been given a black magic spell

to killing. While in the novel Sirkus Pohon only has one intermediary is

Pomegranate tree that has been given a black magic spell to sent mysterious

disease.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA d) Both novels have different setting of place and time. In the novel King Arthur

and His Knight of the Round Table that settings of place in Britain in ancient

times. While in the novel Sirkus Pohon that setting of place is Ketumbi

Village, Tanjong Lantai Regency, Bangka Belitung in this era.

Elements of King Arthur and His Knight Sirkus Pohon

Magic power of The Round Table

Subject Queen Morgana Dukun Daud

Object King Arthur and A Damsel Dinda

Intermediary Sword, Mantle Pomegranate tree

4.3 Findings

Both novels portray about black magic power. The first novel has subjects who

has magic power namely Queen Morgana. The magic power Queen Morgana

aims to kill King Arthur. In the second novel there is one subject, namely

dukun Daud who uses magic power to make Dinda get a mysterious disease

and she be crazy and cheat in the election of candidates for the village head.

The objects of the two novels come from different social and gender levels. In

the first novel as an object is King Arthur as a powerful king. Although Queen

Morgana as a subject want to kill King Arthur with the power of black magic

but never succeeded. So in this novel has the victim wrong target is a damsel

who died to be ashes. In the second novel as an object Dinda is a beautiful girl

in the rural. While the intermediary of the two novels are two different tools in

which the first novel are the sword and mantle that have been given a black

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA magic spell to killing. While in the novel Sirkus Pohon only has one intermediary is Pomegranate tree that has been given a black magic spell to send mysterious disease.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

In this thesis, the writer has two problems to be discussed. The first problem is about how is Black magic power portrayed in Roger Lancelyn

Green‘s novel King Arthur and his knights of the round table and Andrea

Hirata‟s novel Sirkus Pohon and the second problem is about How are the similarities and the differences of black magic power portrayed in Roger

Lancelyn Green‘s novel King Arthur and his knights of the round table and

Andrea Hirata‟s novel Sirkus Pohon.

1. From the first problem, it was contained in Roger Lancelyn Green‘s

novel King Arthur and his knights of the round table are, Subject: Queen

Morgana, Objects: King Arthur and a Damsel, Intermediaries: Sword and

Mantle, While in Andrea Hirata‟s novel Sirkus Pohon are, Subject:

Dukun Daud, Object: Dinda, Intermediary: Pomegranate tree

2. And then from the second problem How are the similarities and the

differences of black magic power portrayed in Roger Lancelyn Green‘s

novel King Arthur and his knights of the round table and Andrea Hirata‟s

novel Sirkus Pohon

a) Similarities in both novels are the purpose of black magic power

from subjects are to hurt objects such as killing and sent

mysterious diseases and The intermediary between the two novels

comes from thing around the victim. So it's easy make object

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA exposed of black magic power that has been given a black magic

power from the subject.

b) Differences in both novels are The magician in the novel King

Arthur and His knight of the Round Table is a woman as the

queen in the kingdom. Her name is Queen Morgana who is the

sister of King Arthur who as the victim. While, The magician in

the novel Sirkus Pohon is man as shaman ‗dukun‘ in the village

and has no family relationship with the victim. His name is Daud

that most powerful shaman ‗dukun‘ in the village and Both novels

have different setting of place and time. In the novel King Arthur

and His Knight of the Round Table that settings of place in

Britain in ancient times. While in the novel Sirkus Pohon that

setting of place is Ketumbi Village, Tanjong Lantai Regency,

Bangka Belitung in this era.

5.2 Suggestions

Based on the conclusion above, the writer wants to point out that black magic power within society can affect anyone negatively. Even the target of black magic power can be the victim wrong target so that people around the object can be hit by black magic power. Therefore, the writer suggests readers to refused the practise of black magic power around environtment and not believe in power of magician and shamans.

As religious people, it should leave black magic in daily lives and and do not escape from reality with looking for an instant way to get something want.

Harm other people with black magic only has the effect of temporary

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA satisfaction. Something that is allied with devil will not be able to survive and return to be affected.

Comparative literature would help readers to open up their eyes and look at different national literary works which represent the respective society which possibly have the same social problems. Finally, it can conclude that similar things do happen in different places, yet it only realize it if people try to look at them closely and wisely. Therefore, the authors of the two novels help people to see the possible issue on black magic power in the world which open eyes of many regarding the issue and

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA REFERENCES

Bogdan and Taylor, 1975 in J. Moleong, Lexy. 1989. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: RemadjaKarya

Capra, Fritjof. 2001. Tao of Physics: Menyikap Paralelisme Fisika Modern dan Mistisisme Timur. Translated by Pipit Maizier. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra

Djoko Pradopo, Rachmat. 2002. Kritik Sastra Indonesia Modern. Medan: Gama Media

Frazer, Sir James Gorge. 1952. The Golden Bough. New York: The Macmillan Company

Green, Roger Lancelyn.1953. King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table. England:Puffin Books

Hirata, Andrea. 2017. SirkusPohon. Yogyakarta: Bentang

Islam, Aang Fatihul Islam. 2016. Introduction to Literature. Jawa Timur: Cita Instrans Selaras

Kasim, Razali. 1996. Sastra Bandingan. Medan: USU Press

Pardede, Martha. 2016. Literature an Introductory Material. Medan: USU Press

Ruslani. 2014. Tabir Mistik Alam Gaib dan Perdukunan. Yogyakarta: Tinta

Saputra, Heru. 2007. Memuja Mantra. Yogyakarta: Lkis

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

The Biography of Both Authors

ROGER LANCELYN GREEN

Roger Lancelyn Green was born in 1918 in Norwich, England, to Major Gilbert

Arthur Lancelyn Green (1887–1947), of the Royal Artillery, and Helena Mary

Phyllis, daughter of Lt-Col Charles William Henry Sealy, of Hambledon House,

Hampshire. The landed gentry Lancelyn Green family can be traced back to 1093, with the marriage of Randle Greene (sic) and Elizabeth, daughter of William

Lancelyn, taking place in the reign of Elizabeth I.

He studied under C. S. Lewis at Merton College, Oxford, where he obtained a B.Litt. degree. As an undergraduate, he performed in the Oxford University Dramatic

Society's Shakespeare dramas produced by Nevill Coghill. He was deputy librarian at

Merton College from 1945 to 1950, then William Noble Research Fellow in English

Literature at Liverpool University from 1950 to 1952. As Andrew Lang Lecturer at the University of St Andrews from 1968 to 1969, he delivered the 1968 Andrew

Lang lecture.

Lancelyn Green remained close to Lewis until the latter's death in 1963, and holidayed in Greece with Lewis and his wife Joy Gresham just before her death from cancer in 1960. When Lewis started writing the Narnia books in the late 1940s,

Lancelyn Green suggested that they should be called The Chronicles of Narnia.

Lancelyn Green lived in Cheshire at Poulton Hall, a manor house that his ancestors

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA had owned for more than 900 years; he was Lord of the Manors of Poulton-Lancelyn and Lower Bebington. He died on 8 October 1987 at the age of 68.

ANDREA HIRATA

Hirata was born in Gantung, Belitung. While he was young, his parents changed his name seven times. They eventually settled on the name Andrea, while the name

Hirata was given by his mother. He grew up in a poor family not far from a government-owned mine.

Hirata started his tertiary education with a degree in economics from the University of Indonesia. After receiving a scholarship from the European Union, he did his master's degree in Europe, first at the University of Paris then at Sheffield Hallam

University in Britain; his thesis dealt with telecommunications and the economy.

Hirata released Laskar Pelangi in 2005. The novel, was written in a period of six months, and was based on his childhood experiences in Belitung; he later described it as "an irony about a lack of access to education for children in one of the world's wealthiest islands.". The novel went on to sell five million copies, with pirated editions selling 15 million more.It also spawned three sequels: Sang Pemimpi (The

Dreamer), Edensor and Maryamah Karpov.

Laskar Pelangi was adapted into a film of the same name in 2008 by directors Riri

Riza and Mira Lesmana; the film became the most-viewed Indonesian film of all time, being seen by 5 million viewers during its theatrical run. He also worked at the telecommunications company Telkom Indonesia, eventually quitting to focus on writing. In 2010 the international rights for the Laskar Pelangi tetralogy were bought

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA by American agent Amer & Asia; the rights were later acquired by Kathleen

Anderson Literary Management. Afterwards, Hirata opened a library in his hometown.

By 2010, he was spending weekends in Belitung and weekdays in Java. He later published his first English-language short story, "Dry Season", in Washington

Square Review. That same year, he spent three months attending a writer's workshop at the University of Iowa. In 2011, television network SCTV announced a 15-episode serial adaption of Laskar Pelangi; Hirata had previously said he would not allow such an adaptation, but later relented as he felt the network could guarantee quality. By

2012 the English translation of Laskar Pelangi had been picked up by FSG, Penguin

Books, and Random House for sale in twenty countries; Hirata was the first

Indonesian writer to be published with FSG.That year he was a speaker at the Byron

Bay Writers Festival

APPENDIX II

The Summary of Both Novels

KING ARTHUR AND HIS KNIGHT OF THE ROUND TABLE

Le Morte d'Arthur tells the story of King Arthur and his Knights at the Round Table.

Arthur, who is son of King Uther Pendragon but was raised by another family, takes his rightful place as king when, as a boy, he is able to pull the sword called Excalibur from the stone. Although he rules wisely and is counseled by Merlin the magician,

Arthur makes enemies of other kings and is often at war.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA When Arthur marries Genevere, her father gives Arthur the Round Table, at which

150 men can sit. Genevere, who is often present at the convening of the Round

Table, acts as a moral compass for the knights, rewarding knights who behave well and chastising those who choose poorly. Malory specifically relates the stories of Sir

Gawain, Sir Tor, and Sir Pellanor as a means of introducing the concept of chivalry.

Arthur is nearly betrayed by his sister Morgan le Fay, but he is helped by Nineve, a sorceress who learned her magic powers from Merlin before killing him. Arthur then fights the Romans when Emperor Lucius of Rome demands that Arthur bow to him.

Although the war requires several battles, Arthur and his knights win and return to

Guinevere and the other wives. Soon after, Launcelot establishes himself as the greatest knight in all the world by his virtue, loyalty, and bravery. At the same time,

Sir Gareth, Gawain's brother, proves valiant in his adventures.

Tristam (also known as Tristan), who is son of King Melyodas de Lyones and the sister of King Mark of Cornwall, is then introduced, and his adventures unfold. He kills Sir Marhault to free his uncle from a debt owed to King Angwyssh of Ireland, and then falls in love with Isode (also known as Isolde), Angwyssh's daughter. Isode marries Tristam's uncle Mark, but Tristam and Isode remain lovers. Tristam is exiled by Mark, which means he can no longer use his true identity; thus, he fights as The

Knight with the Black Shield. Tristam duels and beats many of Arthur's knights, but is eventually thrown in prison and becomes ill. He escapes and eventually meets and fights Launcelot in a duel predicted by Merlin. They become the best of friends.

Launcelot, who is in love with and completely loyal to Guinevere, rides one day in search of adventure. He kills a dragon, sees the Grail, and is tricked into lying with

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Pellas' daughter Elayne, with whom he has a son, Galahad. Guinevere, upon hearing of the affair, has Launcelot banished from court; Launcelot then wanders from place to place in his grief. Elayne, through her father, heals Launcelot through the Grail, and he eventually returns joyously to Camelot and the Round Table.

Launcelot introduces his son, Galahad, to the court, and Galahad takes the Sege

Perilous, the seat at the Round Table that no knight has been worthy enough to fill.

Galahad also draws the sword from the floating stone, establishing him as the best knight in the world, but also accepting the sword's curse — that it will later cause a grievous wound.

Most of the knights then set out separately on Grail Quest. During the Quest,

Launcelot, Percival, and Bors experience deep religious conversion, while Ector and

Gawain are told by a hermit that they are not pure enough to achieve the Grail Quest.

Galahad, Percival, and Bors meet up and continue the Grail Quest, but they are briefly parted. Launcelot and Galahad continue to the Grail at Castle Corbenic, where Launcelot is shown to be unworthy of the Quest. When Sir Evelake dies after his embrace with Galahad, Galahad is identified as the knight who will achieve the

Grail Quest. Galahad is made a king who dies shortly thereafter, while Percival becomes a hermit. Bors returns to King Arthur's court.

Launcelot also returns to the court and continues his love for Guinevere. After a series of trials, Guinevere is convinced of Launcelot's love for her. Although Arthur knows of the affair and overlooks it, he is prompted by Aggravain and Mordred

(Arthur's son by Lot's wife) to take action; Guinevere is sentenced to be burned at the stake. Launcelot rescues her and takes her to his castle, Joyous Gard, but in the

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA battle, Launcelot kills Gareth and Gaheris, who are at the execution but are unarmed.

Launcelot returns Guinevere to Arthur, but Launcelot is banished, along with his followers. Gawain swears vengeance for the death of his brothers and insists that

Arthur attack Launcelot. Arthur agrees, but while Arthur and Gawain are away,

Mordred makes himself King of England, claims Guinevere as his wife, and attacks

Arthur's army. Gawain is mortally wounded and warns Arthur in a dream not to continue the battle. Through a misunderstanding, however, the battle continues;

Arthur kills Mordred but is mortally wounded by him, as Merlin has prophesied.

Launcelot and Guinevere both die of illness soon after, and Constantine becomes king. The Round Table is disbursed.

SIRKUS POHON

Novel Sirkus Pohon tells about the society lives in Ketumbi, Belitung and the main characters, Sobrinudin is a porter in the market of Ketumbi. He dropped out of school when he was in second grade because he was friends with a trouble maker named Taripol. Sobrinudin's fate changed because of three important events, namely falling in love with a shop-selling girl named Dinda, a pomegranate tree that was believed to have magic, and he joined the traveling circus group. The life of the

Ketumbi village society still believes in black magic from the dukun Daud. Black

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA magic is depicted on pomegranate trees which can bring good luck such as, mate and cure disease and won in the election of the leader in village.

Novel Sirkus Pohon also takes on the story of Tegar and Tara's romance. Their first encounter that took place in a park at a young age left a deep impression. Tegar tried to rediscover the vanilla-scented female figure. Tara tried to keep remembering the boy's face by painting his face until more than 90 paintings were created. There have been a number of misunderstandings and conditions that have prevented them from meeting again. One of them was when Tara held a painting exhibition, just one step away to meet Tegar but failed continuously.

Sobri's friend named Taripol who initially had a bad influence but turned out to be very meritorious for Sobri's life, the village head candidates who were fighting over each other looking for votes with an unexpected winner, and also about the example of the father figure. Sobri told about his father. The values of life that he held were not far from the advice and advice that had been given by his father. Although he finally got a job as a circus clown, he tried to do his job as well as possible.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA