DOCSLIB.ORG

The English Morte D'arthur and the Persian Samak-E-Ayyar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The English Morte D'arthur and the Persian Samak-E-Ayyar Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Science Fen Bilimleri Dergisi (CFD), Cilt:36, No: 3 Özel Sayı (2015) Science Journal (CSJ), Vol. 36, No: 3 Special Issue (2015) ISSN: 1300-1949 ISSN: 1300-1949 A Comparative Study of Two Romances: The English Morte d'Arthur and the Persian Samak-e-Ayyar Samira MODARRES English Language and Literature Instructor Payam Noor University of Firouragh Received: 01.02.2015; Accepted: 05.05.2015 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract. The present study endeavors to investigate the English romance Morte d'Arthur (1485) written by Sir Thomas Malory and Samak-e-Ayyar (12th c.) a Persian romance compiled by Faramarz ibn Khodadad and extract the most common elements of romance as manifested in these works. The elements studied in this paper include oral tradition, magic and witchcraft, nobleness and gentility, chivalric magnanimity and brotherly ethos, and masculinity. Keywords: Romance, Chivalry, Morte d'Arthur, Samak-e-Ayyar _____________________________________________________________________________ 1. INTRODUCTION Comparative literature has gained considerable attention in recent decades. It passes the geographical borders and adds a global dimension to literary studies. Investigating the literary works of different authors, especially when they come from different cultures, helps to look more carefully into the common concerns of different nations. It also paves the way for a variety of historical, cultural, anthropological, psychological, and political studies. The two works chosen for the present study belong to such variant cultures. Thomas Malory's Morte d'Arthur is an English romance written in 1469 and published in 1485 and Samak-e-Ayyar is a long Persian tale transcribed by Faramarz ibn Khodadad ibn Abdollah al-Kateb al-Arjani. Although romance is a basically European genre, Samak-e-Ayyar is usually referred to as a Persian romance. Accordingly, in the present study it is considered as a romance and the most important features of a romance found in both works have been discussed. Medieval studies constitute an enormous part of English literature. C. Maddern's Medieval Literature (2010) is an analytic companion and Medieval Romance, Medieval Contexts (2011) by Cichon and Purdie is another scholarly work in the field. Since its publication Morte d'Arthur has been the subject of various literary studies. R. S. Loomis in Development of Arthurian Romance (2000) examines the evolution of Arthurian legends in Western literature. In a volume of essays entitled Aspects of Malory (1981), T. Takamaya and D. Brewer provide a collection of scholarly works on Malory's prose. As its title suggests, D. Armstrong's Gender and the Chivalric Community in Malory’s Morte d’Arthur (2003) concentrates on two aspects of the work. There are however, few comparative studies that have been done on Morte d’Arthur. Dr. Jack Ross in a web article entitled "Malory and Scheherzade" (2007) studies Morte d'Arthur and The Thousand and One Nighs. Samak-e-Ayyar is an outstanding literary work which has been investigated in numerous scholarly books and articles. The most comprehensive work on Samak-e-Ayyar is done by Dr. Parviz Natel Kanlari who corrected and published the complete work in six volumes. Marina _____________ *Corresponding author. Email address: [email protected] Special Issue: The Second National Conference on Applied Research in Science and Technology http://dergi.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/cumuscij ©2015 Faculty of Science, Cumhuriyet University A Comparative Study of Two Romances: The English Morte d'Arthur and the Persian Samak-e- Ayyar Gaillard's Le Livre de Samak-e Ayyar (1987) studies the structure of the book. Y. Jalali Pendari and R. Hosseini in an article entitled "Stratagems and Schemes in Samak-e Ayyar " (2012) focus on old trickeries used in the story; F. Rostami in "A Female Based Reading of Tarikh-e Beyhaqi and Samak-e Ayyar" (2011) and M. Karami and S. Hessampour in "The image of woman in folktales of Samak-e-Ayyar and Darab Nameh" (2005) render comparative studies and female readings of the work and M. Jafarpour and M. Alavi Moghaddam in "A Comparative Study of Ritual and Warfare in Shahnameh and Samak-e Ayyar" (2012) suggest another comparative study. Malory's work is usually studied in comparison with other Arthurian legends, and similarly, Samak-e-Ayyar is normally compared with other Persian tales such as Amir Arsalan, Hussein Kurd, Darab Nameh, Iskandar Nameh, and Shahnameh. The present study endeavors to extract the most common elements of romance as manifested in both works; therefore, its focus is on the similarities. The elements discussed in this paper include oral tradition, magic and witchcraft, nobleness and gentility, chivalric magnanimity and brotherly ethos, and masculinity. 1.1. Romance Medieval romances were works of fiction developed in 12th c. France and spread to the literature of other countries. The earlier romances appeared in verse but later on more and more romances were written in prose and displaced the earlier epic and heroic forms. There are collections of features and motifs rather than a clear-cut definition for romance. Asserting the difficulty of giving an explicit definition for "romance", Whetter in a 2008 study reviews some of these interpretations and yet finds it haphazard: Severs's manual… states: 'The medieval romance is a narrative about knightly prowess and adventure'. Similarly, in John Stevens's influential study romance is defined by its idealism and distinguished by such traits as the 'mysterious challenge or call: the first sight of the beloved; the lonely journey through a hostile land; the fight'… Joanne Charbonneau… mentions the dominance of the adventure element (p. 48) Romance is therefore identified through some main characteristics: It is a long tale of high adventure. "The typical romance is about a thousand lines, more or less (or episodes of a similar length in longer romances)" (Cichon & Purdie, 2011, p. 12). It idealizes chivalry and focuses on a hero-knight and his noble deeds. This hero is a person of noble birth or rank who meets a variety of extraordinary challenges and his triumph benefits his nation/group. The story is set in an imaginary and vague land and includes the rescue of a captive lady or the knight's love for his lady. Romances derive mystery and suspense from supernatural elements. 1.2. Le Morte d'Arthur King Arthur has been surrounded by numerous tales. He is a legendary British leader who apparently lived in the 6th c. and defended Britons against Saxon invaders. In their 2009 work, Archibald and Putter write: The earliest sources associate him with the shadowy period around 500, when the Romans who had earlier colonized Britain withdraw and left the native Celtic population (the Britons) vulnerable to attack by Germanic tribes… in the first chronicle that mentions Arthur, the ninth- century Historia Brittonum (sometimes attributed to Nennius) he is already larger than life (p. 3). The Arthurian legends were one of the dominant narrative themes of Middle Ages. "The King Arthur in the later medieval texts is not the Arthur of earlier works. The current literary 1267 MODARRES figure known as Arthur found its shape after 1139 A.D. when "Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monemutenis) completed his Historia Regum Britanniae ('History of the Kings of Britain') which glorified Arthur and made him an international warlord" (Green p 4) Malory in his Le Morte d'Arthur mediates the medieval Arthurian legacy to post-medieval English writers. Le Morte d'Arthur is a composition by Sir Thomas Malory (c 1405-1471) of traditional tales about the legendary King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table beginning with Arthur's conception and birth, and concluding with his death. The characters of Arthur and his knights were already well-known in England. Malory interpreted existing French and English stories and added original material. He wrote eight individual romances which were assembled by William Caxton into a single epic. Each book within Le Morte d’Arthur focuses on a particular circumstance or character. Arthur, son of King Uther Pendragon and Igraine, is raised by another family but he takes his rightful place as king. Although he rules wisely and is counseled by Merlin the magician, Arthur makes enemies of other kings and is often at war. He establishes a code of ethics for the Knights of the Round Table, which helps maintain the peace of the kingdom. He has a brief love affair with Morgause, the queen of Orkney and one of Igraine’s three daughters – and, thus, Arthur’s half sister. He conceives an illegitimate child named Mordred. Arthur takes Guinevere as his queen and Lancelot, a French warrior and one of the Knights of the Round Table, becomes the courtly lover of Guinevere. Sir Gawain, one of Arthur's nephews, is an intensely loyal knight and encourages him to invade France. Mordred takes advantage of Arthur’s absence and makes himself King of England, claims Guinevere as his wife, and attacks Arthur's army. Upon learning of Mordred’s treachery, Arthur and his army return to England. Arthur kills Mordred but is mortally wounded by him. He is taken to the isle of Avalon to be healed, and he dies there. 1.3. Samak-e-Ayyar Samak-e-Ayyar is one of the oldest samples of story writing in Persian literature written in the 6th century A.H. and compiled by Faramarz ibn Khodadad ibn Abdollah al-Kateb al-Arjani (Mohammad Moein, Persian Lexicon 1996: Alam). It is transmitted orally and written down around the 12th century. Samak-e-Ayyar is generally known as a Persian romance but there is not a comprehensive agreement on the its genre; while some consider it as a romance (Meghdadi, 1999, p. 260), (Baraheni, 1989, p. 29), others disagree and insist that romance is a literary genre – or a literary kind, as some prefer – which belongs to 11th and 12th c.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Magic and the Supernatural
    Edited by Scott E. Hendrix and Timothy J. Shannon Magic and the Supernatural At the Interface Series Editors Dr Robert Fisher Dr Daniel Riha Advisory Board Dr Alejandro Cervantes-Carson Dr Peter Mario Kreuter Professor Margaret Chatterjee Martin McGoldrick Dr Wayne Cristaudo Revd Stephen Morris Mira Crouch Professor John Parry Dr Phil Fitzsimmons Paul Reynolds Professor Asa Kasher Professor Peter Twohig Owen Kelly Professor S Ram Vemuri Revd Dr Kenneth Wilson, O.B.E An At the Interface research and publications project. http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/at-the-interface/ The Evil Hub ‘Magic and the Supernatural’ 2012 Magic and the Supernatural Edited by Scott E. Hendrix and Timothy J. Shannon Inter-Disciplinary Press Oxford, United Kingdom © Inter-Disciplinary Press 2012 http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/publishing/id-press/ The Inter-Disciplinary Press is part of Inter-Disciplinary.Net – a global network for research and publishing. The Inter-Disciplinary Press aims to promote and encourage the kind of work which is collaborative, innovative, imaginative, and which provides an exemplar for inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of Inter-Disciplinary Press. Inter-Disciplinary Press, Priory House, 149B Wroslyn Road, Freeland, Oxfordshire. OX29 8HR, United Kingdom. +44 (0)1993 882087 ISBN: 978-1-84888-095-5 First published in the United Kingdom in eBook format in 2012. First Edition. Table of Contents Preface vii Scott Hendrix PART 1 Philosophy, Religion and Magic Magic and Practical Agency 3 Brian Feltham Art, Love and Magic in Marsilio Ficino’s De Amore 9 Juan Pablo Maggioti The Jinn: An Equivalent to Evil in 20th Century 15 Arabian Nights and Days Orchida Ismail and Lamya Ramadan PART 2 Magic and History Rational Astrology and Empiricism, From Pico to Galileo 23 Scott E.
    [Show full text]
  • Echoes of Legend: Magic As the Bridge Between a Pagan Past And
    Winthrop University Digital Commons @ Winthrop University Graduate Theses The Graduate School 5-2018 Echoes of Legend: Magic as the Bridge Between a Pagan Past and a Christian Future in Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte Darthur Josh Mangle Winthrop University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/graduatetheses Part of the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Recommended Citation Mangle, Josh, "Echoes of Legend: Magic as the Bridge Between a Pagan Past and a Christian Future in Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte Darthur" (2018). Graduate Theses. 84. https://digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/graduatetheses/84 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at Digital Commons @ Winthrop University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Winthrop University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ECHOES OF LEGEND: MAGIC AS THE BRIDGE BETWEEN A PAGAN PAST AND A CHRISTIAN FUTURE IN SIR THOMAS MALORY’S LE MORTE DARTHUR A Thesis Presented to the Faculty Of the College of Arts and Sciences In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Of Master of Arts In English Winthrop University May 2018 By Josh Mangle ii Abstract Sir Thomas Malory’s Le Morte Darthur is a text that tells the story of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. Malory wrote this tale by synthesizing various Arthurian sources, the most important of which being the Post-Vulgate cycle. Malory’s work features a division between the Christian realm of Camelot and the pagan forces trying to destroy it.
    [Show full text]
  • Meike Weijtmans S4235797 BA Thesis English Language and Culture Supervisor: Dr
    Weijtmans, s4235797/1 Meike Weijtmans s4235797 BA Thesis English Language and Culture Supervisor: dr. Chris Cusack Examiner: dr. L.S. Chardonnens August 15, 2018 The Celtic Image in Contemporary Adaptations of the Arthurian Legend M.A.S. Weijtmans BA Thesis August 15, 2018 Weijtmans, s4235797/2 ENGELSE TAAL EN CULTUUR Teacher who will receive this document: dr. Chris Cusack, dr. L.S. Chardonnens Title of document: The Celtic Image in Contemporary Adaptations of the Arthurian Legend Name of course: BA Thesis Date of submission: August 15, 2018 The work submitted here is the sole responsibility of the undersigned, who has neither committed plagiarism nor colluded in its production. Signed Name of student: Meike Weijtmans Student number: s4235797 Weijtmans, s4235797/3 Abstract Celtic culture has always been a source of interest in contemporary popular culture, as it has been in the past; Greek and Roman writers painted the Celts as barbaric and uncivilised peoples, but were impressed with their religion and mythology. The Celtic revival period gave birth to the paradox that still defines the Celtic image to this day, namely that the rurality, simplicity and spirituality of the Celts was to be admired, but that they were uncivilised, irrational and wild at the same time. Recent debates surround the concepts of “Celt”, “Celticity” and “Celtic” are also discussed in this thesis. The first part of this thesis focuses on Celtic history and culture, as well as the complexities surrounding the terminology and the construction of the Celtic image over the centuries. This main body of the thesis analyses the way Celtic elements in contemporary adaptations of the Arthurian narrative form the modern Celtic image.
    [Show full text]
  • Magic, Witchcraft, and Faërie: Evolution of Magical Ideas in Ursula K
    Volume 39 Number 2 Article 2 4-23-2021 Magic, Witchcraft, and Faërie: Evolution of Magical Ideas in Ursula K. Le Guin’s Earthsea Cycle Oleksandra Filonenko Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore Recommended Citation Filonenko, Oleksandra (2021) "Magic, Witchcraft, and Faërie: Evolution of Magical Ideas in Ursula K. Le Guin’s Earthsea Cycle," Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: Vol. 39 : No. 2 , Article 2. Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol39/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Mythopoeic Society at SWOSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature by an authorized editor of SWOSU Digital Commons. An ADA compliant document is available upon request. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To join the Mythopoeic Society go to: http://www.mythsoc.org/join.htm Mythcon 51: A VIRTUAL “HALFLING” MYTHCON July 31 - August 1, 2021 (Saturday and Sunday) http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-51.htm Mythcon 52: The Mythic, the Fantastic, and the Alien Albuquerque, New Mexico; July 29 - August 1, 2022 http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-52.htm Abstract In my article, I discuss a peculiar connection between the persisting ideas about magic in the Western world and Ursula Le Guin's magical world in the Earthsea universe and its evolution over the decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Cunning Folk and Wizards in Early Modern England
    Cunning Folk and Wizards In Early Modern England University ID Number: 0614383 Submitted in part fulfilment for the degree of MA in Religious and Social History, 1500-1700 at the University of Warwick September 2010 This dissertation may be photocopied Contents Acknowledgements ii Abstract iii Introduction 1 1 Who Were White Witches and Wizards? 8 Origins 10 OccupationandSocialStatus 15 Gender 20 2 The Techniques and Tools of Cunning Folk 24 General Tools 25 Theft/Stolen goods 26 Love Magic 29 Healing 32 Potions and Protection from Black Witchcraft 40 3 Higher Magic 46 4 The Persecution White Witches Faced 67 Law 69 Contemporary Comment 74 Conclusion 87 Appendices 1. ‘Against VVilliam Li-Lie (alias) Lillie’ 91 2. ‘Popular Errours or the Errours of the people in matter of Physick’ 92 Bibliography 93 i Acknowledgements I would like to thank my undergraduate and postgraduate tutors at Warwick, whose teaching and guidance over the years has helped shape this dissertation. In particular, a great deal of gratitude goes to Bernard Capp, whose supervision and assistance has been invaluable. Also, to JH, GH, CS and EC your help and support has been beyond measure, thank you. ii Cunning folk and Wizards in Early Modern England Witchcraft has been a reoccurring preoccupation for societies throughout history, and as a result has inspired significant academic interest. The witchcraft persecutions of the early modern period in particular have received a considerable amount of historical investigation. However, the vast majority of this scholarship has been focused primarily on the accusations against black witches and the punishments they suffered.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Book of Necromancers by Steve Kurtz
    2151 ® ¥DUNGEON MASTER® Rules Supplement Guide The Complete Book of Necromancers By Steve Kurtz ª Table of Contents Introduction Bodily Afflictions How to Use This Book Insanity and Madness Necromancy and the PC Unholy Compulsions What You Will Need Paid In Full Chapter 1: Necromancers Chapter 4: The Dark Art The Standard Necromancer Spell Selection for the Wizard Ability Scores Criminal or Black Necromancy Race Gray or Neutral Necromancy Experience Level Advancement Benign or White Necromancy Spells New Wizard Spells Spell Restrictions 1st-Level Spells Magic Item Restrictions 2nd-Level Spells Proficiencies 3rd-Level Spells New Necromancer Wizard Kits 4th-Level Spells Archetypal Necromancer 5th-Level Spells Anatomist 6th-Level Spells Deathslayer 7th-Level Spells Philosopher 8th-Level Spells Undead Master 9th-Level Spells Other Necromancer Kits Chapter 5: Death Priests Witch Necromantic Priesthoods Ghul Lord The God of the Dead New Nonweapon Proficiencies The Goddess of Murder Anatomy The God of Pestilence Necrology The God of Suffering Netherworld Knowledge The Lord of Undead Spirit Lore Other Priestly Resources Venom Handling Chapter 6: The Priest Sphere Chapter 2: Dark Gifts New Priest Spells Dual-Classed Characters 1st-Level Spells Fighter/Necromancer 2nd-Level Spells Thief / Necromancer 3rd-Level Spells Cleric/Necromancer 4th-Level Spells Psionicist/Necromancer 5th-Level Spells Wild Talents 6th-Level Spells Vile Pacts and Dark Gifts 7th-Level Spells Nonhuman Necromancers Chapter 7: Allies Humanoid Necromancers Apprentices Drow Necromancers
    [Show full text]
  • Morgan Le Fay: the Inheritance of the Goddess
    Brathair 15 (1), 2015 ISSN 1519-9053 Morgan le Fay: The Inheritance of the Goddess Ana Rita Martins English Lecturer Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras (ULICES) [email protected] Enviado em: 30/05/2015 Aceito em: 07/07/2015 Resumo: “Morgan le Fay: A Herança da Deusa” faz uma breve análise da figura de Morgan le Fay nas narrativas arturianas na Idade Média. Começando por uma reflexão sobre os Celtas e a sua cultura, este estudo tem por objectivo demonstrar como a origem de Morgan le Fay poderá remontar às deusas célticas. Com efeito, Morgan possui características que a aproximam de A Morrígan e Modron. Todavia, é de salientar que esta personagem apenas surge pela primeira vez, em 1150, na obra Vita Merlini, de Geoffrey of Monmouth sob o nome Morgen. Suprema regente da ilha maravilhosa de Avalon, ela possui características exclusivamente benéficas. Assim, pretendemos também explicar as razões pelas quais esta se transformou numa das principais vilãs dos textos arturianos. Adicionalmente, serão considerados algumas das obras literárias medievais inglesas, bem como factores de ordem sociocultural. Palavras-chave: Morgan le Fay; Narrativas Arturianas; Mitos Célticos. Abstract: “Morgan le Fay: The Inheritance of the Goddess” will analyze Morgan le Fay’s character in Arthurian narrative during the Middle Ages. Starting from a research on the Celts and their culture, this article aims to prove that Morgan le Fay’s origin might be traced back to Celtic goddesses due to the characteristics she shares with the Celtic goddesses The Morrígan and Modron. However, Morgan is only mentioned for the first time, in 1150, in the work Vita Merlini by Geoffrey of Monmouth, where she is named Morgen.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reversal of Courtly Love Tradition in Thomas Malory's Le Morte Darthur
    Araştırma Makalesi Research Article ISSN 2548-0502 2018; 3(2): 168-187 The Reversal of Courtly Love Tradition in Thomas Malory’s Le Morte Darthur: The Case of Tristan and Isolde1 MERİÇ TUTKU ÖZMEN* - ARŞ. GÖR. ŞAFAK HORZUM** Abstract Courtly love convention is a medieval European concept of ennobling love which helped the shaping of the society and in return which was shaped by the society during the Middle Ages. The concept has its roots in many traditions such as the literature of Ancient Rome period, Hispano-Arabic poetry and philosophy, Troubadour poetry, feudalism and Christianity. However, there are also writers who were critical and suspicious of courtly love convention. Sir Thomas Malory (c. 1410-1471) presents a subtle criticism of the concept in his Le Morte Darthur (1485), the first collection that brings together all the Arthurian stories in English. One-third of this work consists of a controversial love story, the case of Tristan and Isolde. Therefore, Malory’s different treatment of the courtly love tradition and the Tristan story will be illustrated with the critical information on the Celtic sources of the legend and a comparative method to other significant characters involved in the courtly love in this work. Keywords: Courtly love, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Tristan, Isolde. THOMAS MALORY’NİN ARTHUR’UN ÖLÜMÜ ESERİNDE SARAYLI USULÜ AŞK GELENEĞİNİN TERS YÜZ EDİLMESİ: TRİSTAN VE İSOLDE MESELESİ Öz Saraylı usulü aşk, Orta Çağ döneminde toplumun şekillenmesine yardım etmiş ve karşılığında toplum tarafından şekillendirilmiş, Orta Çağ Avrupası’na ait, âşığı yüceltici bir aşk kavramıdır. Bu kavramın kökleri Antik Roma dönemi edebiyatı, İspanyol-Arap şiiri ve felsefesi, Trubadur aşk şiiri, feodalizm ve Hristiyanlık gibi pek çok geleneğe dayanır.
    [Show full text]
  • 149064NCJRS.Pdf
    If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. • THE CITY OF '. GLENDAIJE POLICE DEPARTMENT OCCULT CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION • 149064 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the p~rson or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and-do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the Nationallnslltute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this copyrighted material has been granted by City of Glendale Police Department to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permission of the copyright owner• • t TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) TIPS FOR INVESTIGATING A RITUALISTIC • CRIME SCENE 44 Outside Crime Scene 44 Words of Warning 44 Inside Crime Scene 44 SYMPTOMS CHARACTERIZING SATANIC RITUAL ABUSE NOT USUALLY SEEN IN SEXUAL ABUSE CASES (PRESCHOOL AGE CHILDREN) 46 CRIMES AND PUNISHMENT 48 • • Page 1 •• The purpose of this training bulletin is to provide each officer with the necessary tools to become familiar with the terminology, artifacts and symbols relative to persons involved in crimes of occultic origin. Bringing to light the person· or persons involved in crimes from the satanic/occultic realm is not an easy task. The untrained investigator may find great difficulty understanding when an incident occurs from this area. We must remember that the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution allows anyone the freedom to worship--GOD, PLANTS, SAT AN, ETC. A number of crimes within the past few years have come to our attention as these crimes have been flavored with involvement from the occult.
    [Show full text]
  • ELLIS A329 RVOR.Pdf
    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs ’Conjurations, Enchantments and Witchcrafts’: To what extent was the execution of Gwen ferch Ellis (1594) a turning point in the Welsh perception of common magic? An exploration of the ’cunning folk’ of Wales at the turn of the seventeenth century Student Dissertation How to cite: Ellis, Joseph (2019). ’Conjurations, Enchantments and Witchcrafts’: To what extent was the execution of Gwen ferch Ellis (1594) a turning point in the Welsh perception of common magic? An exploration of the ’cunning folk’ of Wales at the turn of the seventeenth century. Student dissertation for The Open University module A329 The making of Welsh history. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2019 The Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Redacted Version of Record Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk ‘Conjurations, Enchantments and Witchcrafts’: To what extent was the execution of Gwen ferch Ellis (1594) a turning point in the Welsh perception of common magic? An exploration of the ‘cunning folk’ of Wales at the turn of the seventeenth century. Joseph Ellis – May 2019 A329 - The Making of Welsh History Word Count: 6555 Contents INTRODUCTION..................................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • Orthodoxy Among Priests and Neighbors
    30 | (Un)Orthodoxy among Priests and Neighbors (Un)Orthodoxy among Priests and Neighbors: Local Circles of Religious Negotiation in Western Peripheral Late Medieval Communities Michael Anfang Introduction Late medieval religious life has been under historians’ scrutiny for the better part of 400 years. Historians have described and problematized notions of Southern French heretics, Papal reforms of the clerics, the sup- posed maintenance of pagan practices, and the rise of saint cults. Howev- er, we still know far too little about how Christians thought about their church and common ritual between the conquest of Christianity through the ninth century and the installation of clerical reforms beginning in the thirteenth.1 Analysis has been lacking regarding the interaction between laity, clergy, and ritual outside the theologians’ circles in Paris and Rome. I will argue that the local laity and clergy negotiated their practical religion among themselves, without ideologically incorporating the elite theolo- gians at Paris and Rome.2 In this paper, I use the vague term “practical religion.” By practical religion I mean religious actions that could be implemented with the expectation of some tangible outcome (contra indulgences which would 1In many places, reforms were not fully instituted until the Reformation and Counter-Reformation (ca. 1517-late 17th Century) which explains the temporal breadth in sources. Our concern will be in what we might call Roman Europe— that of France, England, western Germany, and Italy. In this paper, I use Church to refer to the institutionalized Roman Catholic Church and church to refer to a local parish church. 2There were of course other centers of theology, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • The Selling of the Age of Aquarius (
    02Chapter2.qxd 7/22/2004 9:50 AM Page 75 HOW TO LEGALLY QUOTE THIS MATERIAL www.JackFritscher.com/Drummer/Research%20Note.html If “less is more” were true, the world would not need witchcraft. — The Selling of the Age of Aquarius ( The true philosopher’s stone is found within yourself. — H; pop music; wiccabilly rock; Broadway; tele- vision; the evil eye; Camelot; The Music Man; Mick Jagger; Roman SPolanski; Kenneth Anger; Jim Morrison; Frank Sinatra; Haxan: Witch- craft through the Ages; The Devil Is a Woman; Freaks; how to look like a witch; the magic capital of the world; nuns from hell; Hispanic botanica; and Satan with a zip code Mein Camp:F U D P Kitsch and camp and pop culture: synonyms or not? For years kitsch was anything sentimental, precious, and dreadful, particularly in the art world and its collectors’ environs. Kitsch was Betty Boop figurines, Elvis on black velvet, and crystal balls with shakeable swirling snow resting on dragon claws. With Susan Sontag, camp emerged in the mid-s from the homo- sexual subculture into the “overculture’s” straight word-hoard. What had once meant to act queer, gay, effeminate in public came to mean nostalgic, or something that was “so bad it was good,” such as professional Las Vegas temptress and gay icon Ann-Margret singing “Thirteen Men (and Me the Only Gal in Town)” without any irony. www.JackFritscher.com 02Chapter2.qxd 7/22/2004 9:50 AM Page 76 HOW TO LEGALLY QUOTE THIS MATERIAL www.JackFritscher.com/Drummer/Research%20Note.html In the s, popular culture was scorned by most intellectuals as vul- gar.
    [Show full text]