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Home , Alice Lorraine, Anthony Hope, Erema, Micah Clarke, Roger Lancelyn Green, Rupert of Hentzau

Notes

1. INTRODUCTION

1. The texts of these letters are reproduced in Dear Stevenson: Letters from to with Five Letters from Stevenson to Lang, edited by Marysa DeMoor (Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters, 1990). 2. John Maynard, 'Broad Canvas, Narrow Perspective', in The Worlds of Victorian Fiction, edited by Jerome H. Buckley (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1975; Harvard English Studies 6), p. 238.

2. THE SCOTT LEGACY

1. Ian Jack, 1815-1832 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963.) 2. Allan Massie, 'Scott and the European Novel,' in Sir Walter Scott: The Long-Forgotten Melody, ed. Alan Bold (London: Vision Press, and Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble, 1983), p. 94. 3. Ibid., pp. 94-97. Massie reminds us that the French historian Augustin Thierry was not alone when he called Ivanhoe Scott's masterpiece, and added, 'Unless, I say, one can understand the feelings which these [medieval] novels and poems aroused, on cannot begin to measure or evaluate Scott or his influence.' 4. Nicholas Rance, The Historical Novel and Popular Politics in Nineteenth• Century (London: Vision Press, 1975), pp. 25-26. Rance thus characterizes the way in which the Victorians interpreted the history of some five centuries earlier: 'The Middle Ages in fiction were either absolutely remote from contemporary life, in the sense that modern• ised heroes and heroines breathed a romantic 'period' atmosphere, or else, more cunningly, the concept of the enduring English-Saxon character, resistant to Norman and Stuart tyranny, endowed readers with the spirit of the free Saxons.' Carlyle and Froude recognized the fact of change, but did not understand the mechanisms of evolution that created Victorian society. Rance adds that 'the medieval period was still the most neglected by accredited historians of the English past when Stubbs began publishing his Constitutional History in 1874' (p. 26). 5. Quarterly Review, Vol. XIV (October 1815), p. 188.

3. THE EMPHASIS ON HISTORY IN THE HISTORICAL NOVEL

1. Preface, Geschichten der romanischen und germanischen Volker von 1494 bis 1514 (1824).

164 Notes 165 2. These were published in The Monthly Chronicle (March 1838), pp. 42-50, and (April1838), pp. 138--149. 3. 'On Certain Principles of Art in Works of Imagination', Caxtoniana, The Knebworth Edition of the Works of the Right Hon. Lord Lytton (London: George Routledge, 1875), p. 324. 4. Rienzi I The Last of the Roman Tribunes, Knebworth Edition, p. vii. 5. Ibid., p. viii. 6. Ibid., p. 11. 7. Dorothy L. Sayers, Wilkie Collins I A Critical and Biographical Study, ed. E. R. Gregory (Toledo: Friends of the University of Toledo Libraries, 1977), p. 55. 8. Kenneth Robinson, Wilkie Collins I A Biography (New York: Macmillan, 1952), p. 54. 9. Wilkie Collins and Charles Reade I First Editions (with a few exceptions) in the Library at Dormy House, Pine Valley, New Jersey, described with Notes, ed. M. L. Parrish and Elizabeth V. Miller (London: Constable, 1940), p. 10. 10. Wilkie's Preface speaks of massing 'effects', and balancing and dis• criminating 'lights and shadows', by varying the lengths of chapters, and contrasting different passages. William Collins, a famous painter, was undoubtedly influential in the way this sentence is worded. In addition, Wilkie Collins contributed a landscape to the Academy exhi• bition of 1849, and hung it afterwards in his study. (Sayers, pp. 70-72.) 11. These quotations were recorded in Lewes's hand. The George Eliot Let• ters, ed. Gordon S. Haight (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954), Vol. III, p. 414. The Letters (particularly Volumes II-IV) contains numerous expressions of George Eliot's unhappiness with the progress of Romola, which was far more intense than she suffered dur• ing the writing of any other novel. See also George Eliot I A Writer's Notebook 1854-1879/And Uncollected Writings, edited by Joseph Wiesenfarth (Charlottesville, Va.: University Press of Virginia, 1981), for Journal entries and a brisk summation of the available evidence testifying to the malaise. It is no surprise that Eliot regarded Romola as a turning-point in her career. My reading emphasizes the conflict in Eliot's mind between the competing claims of historical reconstruction and fictional invention, but alternative interpretations, concentrating on elements in Eliot's life that needed to be worked out, however painfully, in fictional form, are available to an interested reader. See, for example, Dianne F. Sadoff's Monsters of Affection: Dickens, Eliot and Bronte on Fatherhood (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982), pp. 88--99, for a discussion that stresses trauma, memory, and repression. 12. Ibid., p. 430. 13. Ibid., p. 435. 14. Ibid., p. 457. 15. Ibid., p. 474. 16. Ibid., p. 473--474. 17. Quoted in George Eliot I The Critical Heritage, ed. David Carroll (New York: Barnes & Noble, 1971), pp. 195-196. 166 Notes

18. Quoted by F. B. Pinion, A George Eliot Companion I Literary Achievement and Modern Significance (London: Macmillan, 1981), p. 142. 19. John W. Cross, George Eliot's Life as Related in Her Letters and Journals, 3 vols. (Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood, n.d. [1885]), Vol. 2, p. 255. The judgement of later generations of critics has been, on the whole, more severe than that of the early reviewers of Romola. See Dwight N. Lindley's 'Clio and Three Historical Novels', Dickens Studies Annual I Essays on Victorian Fiction I Volume 10, edited by Michael Timko, Fred Kaplan, and Edward Guiliano (New York: AMS Press, 1982), p. 79, for a typical evaluation: 'Surely this passion for accuracy- for recovery of a myriad of facts- was one of the causes for the agony she felt as she struggled to write the novel. No wonder she often conveyed the impression that she was not so much a novelist but an historian like Casaubon, carrying a dimly shining torch into a labyrinth, particularly in sections of the novel when she is attempting to convey a sense of place through detail, as in the scenes describing Tito Melema's arrival in Florence (Book I, Chapters I-IV).' 20. See Walter F. Wright's The Shaping of The Dynasts I A Study in Thomas Hardy (University of Nebraska Press, 1967) for a careful analysis of Hardy's indebtedness to the records of the past; a briefer treatment may be found in R. J. White's Thomas Hardy and History (London: Macmillan, 1974). 21. Harold Ore!, Thomas Hardy's Epic-Drama: A Study of The Dynasts (Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 1963). 22. Kenneth Millard, Edwardian Poetry (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991), pp. 59--60. 23. Ibid., p. 63.

4. DIDACTIC ELEMENTS IN THE HISTORICAL NOVEL

1. [Mrs] E. C. Gaskell, The Life of Charlotte Bronte, 3rd edn (London: Smith, Elder, 1857), Vol. II, p. 114. 2. Herbert Rosengarten and Margaret Smiths, eds, Introduction to Shirley, by Charlotte Bronte (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979), pp. xvi-xvii. 3. Mrs Gaskell, p. 114. 4. Mrs Gaskell, p. 120. 5. See, for example, Robert Keefe's Charlotte Bronte's World of Death (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979), Ch. 5, pp.13CH48; Carol Bock's Charlotte Bronte and the Storyteller's Audience (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1992), Ch. 4, pp. 109-126; Janet Gezari's Charlotte Bronte and Defensive Conduct I The Author and the Body at Risk (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992), Ch. 4, pp. 90-124; Lawrence Jay Dessner's The Homely Web of Truth: A Study of Charlotte Bronte's Novels (The Hague: Mouton, 1975), Ch. 6, pp. 82-97. These are repre• sentative assessments of the failure of Shirley to reconcile warring points of view, and at times are severe in their description of incoher• ent elements of the plotting. Notes 167

6. Dickens spent much less time conducting research for A Child's History of England, published serially in Household Words beginning with the January issue of 1851. He relied almost entirely on Thomas Keightley's History of England (published in three volumes in 1839). Less than a decade later, in A Tale of Two Cities, his eye was, once more, on matters other than an historical accuracy that might be narrowly defined. Edgar Johnson, his biographer, notes, with some surprise, that 'the number of people and events are fewer and their intricately linked plot relationships seem more artificial in this tightly constructed, concentrated, and swiftly moving story than they do when Dickens is working on a larger scale.' Charles Dickens I His Tragedy and Triumph (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1952), Vol. II, p. 980. 7. Northrop Frye, 'Conclusion', Literary History of Canada, Second Edition, edited by Carl F. Klinck, Alfred G. Bailey, Claude Bissell, Roy Daniells, Desmond Pacey, and Northrop Frye (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1976), Vol. II, p. 350. 8. Ibid. 9. Alan Swingewood, The Novel and Revolution (London: Macmillan, 1975), p. 8. 10. Ibid., pp. 8-9. 11. Mary Eagleton and David Pierce, Attitudes to Class in the English Novel I from Walter Scott to David Storey (London: Thames and Hudson, 1979}, p. 10. 12. Ibid., p. 12. 13. Nicholas Rance, The Historical Novel and Popular Politics in Nineteenth• Century England (London: Vision Press, 1975}, p. 82. 14. Frank Kermode, 'An Approach through History', in Towards a Poetics of Fiction, edited by Mark Spilka (Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 1977), p. 25. 15. Ibid. 16. Victor E. Neuberg notes that the readers of Victorian romances, all of which took a high moral tone, were also avid readers of the more vio• lent gothic romances, and adds, 'the continuing acceptance of the dichotomy between violence and morality seems to be reflected in contemporary journalism. The readers of the more sensational Sun• day newspapers appear to find little difficulty in accepting the most salacious details of murder and sex crimes together with the highly moral fiction offered, for example, in women's magazines.' Popular Literature I A History and Guide I From the beginning of printing to the year 1897 (London: Woburn Press, 1977), p. 230.

5. STEVENSON AND THE HISTORICAL ROMANCE

1. Frank Swinnerton, R. L. Stevenson I A Critical Study (New York: George H. Doran, 1923), p. 183. 2. Ibid., pp. 184-185. 168 Notes

3. James Pope Hennessy, Robert Louis Stevenson (London: Jonathan Cape, 1974), p. 265. 4. Ibid. 5. Robert Louis Stevenson, 'Victor Hugo's Romances', Cornhill Magazine, Vol. 30 (August, 1874), reprinted in Familiar Studies of Men and Books, 1882; Biographical Edition (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1912), P· 8. 6. Robert Louis Stevenson, 'Books Which Have Influenced Me', British Weekly, 13 May 1887; reprinted in Familiar Studies of Men and Books, 1892; Biographical Edition (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1912), p. 317. 7. Robert Louis Stevenson,' A Note on Realism', The Magazine of Art, Vol. VII (November, 1883); reprinted in Essays of Travel and The Art of Writ• ing, Biographical Edition (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1912), p. 284. 8. Ibid., p. 279. 9. Ibid. 10. Ibid., pp. 285-286. 11. Robert Louis Stevenson, 'A Gossip on Romance', Longman's Magazine, Vol. I (November, 1882); reprinted in Memories and Portraits (1883); Bio• graphical Edition (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1912), pp. 240. 12. Ibid., pp. 240-241. 13. Ibid., p. 234. 14. Ibid., p. 236. 15. Ibid., p. 238. 16. Ibid., p. 242. 17. Ibid., pp. 245-246. 18. Ibid., p. 248. 19. Robert Louis Stevenson, 'The Foreigner at Home', Cornhill Magazine, Vol. 45 (May, 1882); reprinted in Memories and Portraits, Biographical Edition (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1912), p. 23. Stevenson writes, in this essay, about astonishment at the ignorance of the English about Scottish history, traditions, and manners. Once he held a conversation with a man of 'plausible manners and good intelli• gence - a University man, as the phrase goes - a man, besides, who had taken his degree in life and knew a thing or two about the age we live in'. They were discussing 'some piece of legal injustice' that the Englishman had recently encountered; Stevenson remarked that things were not so in Scotland, and the Englishman said, 'I beg your pardon, this is a matter of law.' To Stevenson's astonishment, it turned out that the Southron had never heard of the Scots law, 'nor did he choose to be informed'. Stevenson was 'roundly' told that the law was the same for the whole country: 'every child knew that.' Stevenson could silence him only by explaining that he was a member of a Scottish legal body, and that he 'had stood the brunt of an examina• tion in the very law in question'. He glossed his dismal anecdote: 'England and Scotland differ, indeed, in law, in history, in religion, in education, and in the very look of nature and men's faces, not always widely, but always trenchantly' (pp. 8-9). Notes 169 20. Henry James, 'Robert Louis Stevenson', in Notes on Novelists, 1914; reprinted in The Robert Louis Stevenson Companion, edited by Jenni Calder (Edinburgh: Paul Harris, 1980), p. 92. 21. Stevenson's search for a useful definition of romance was part of a very lively debate carried on by Andrew Lang, H. Rider Haggard, George Saintsbury, Maurice Thompson, James Sully, Mary D. Cutting, Hall Caine, Edmund Gosse and H. Trail!, among many others, in more than 50 substantial essays published in various periodicals of the 1880s and '90s. Several literary historians have reviewed this record of unex• pected, and intense, concern with the need for a more up-to-date understanding of the term 'romance' than High Victorian critics pro• vided, but any extensive review of this literature will raise a number of issues not germane to my survey of the New Historical Novel. For the benefit of those who would like to pursue the subject, however, I recommend the bibliography of major articles listed inN. N. Feltes's Literary Capital and the Late Victorian Novel (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1993), p. 161.

6. ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON AND THE MASTER OF BALLANTRAE

1. So he wrote to Sidney Colvin on Christmas Eve, 1887. The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson, Biographical Edition, edited by Sidney Colvin (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1913), Vol. III, p. 58. 2. Ibid., pp. 58-59. 3. Ibid., p. 58. 4. Robert Louis Stevenson, 'The Genesis of The Master of Ballantrae', Edinburgh Edition, 1896; rpt., Essays of Travel and The Art of Writing, Biographical Edition (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1912), p. 327. 5. Ibid., p. 330. 6. Ibid., p. 328. 7. Ibid., p. 331. 8. Letters, Vol. IV, p. 126. Stevenson's letter is dated 15 September 1892. 9. For a sampling of such reviews, see Robert Louis Stevenson /The Critical Heritage, edited by Paul Maixner (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981), pp. 339-368. 10. Letters, Vol. III, p. 43. 11. William Ernest Henley [unsigned review], Scots Observer, 12 October, 1889, p. 584. 12. [Unsigned review], Pall Mall Gazette, Vol. XLIX (14 September 1889), p. 3. 13. James Pope Hennessy, Robert Louis Stevenson (London: Jonathan Cape, 1974), p. 194. 14. Jenni Calder, Robert Louis Stevenson I A Life Study (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), p. 236. 15. Ibid., p. 23. 170 Notes

16. J. R. Hammond, A Robert Louis Stevenson Companion I A guide to the novels, essays and short stories (London: Macmilla, 1981), p. 154. 17. Douglas Gifford, 'Stevenson and Scottish Fiction: The Importance of The Master of Ballantrae', in Stevenson and Victorian Scotland, edited by Jenni Calder (Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 1981), p. 62. Gifford argues for the need to rethink our conventional responses to Mackellar: 'Stevenson's most subtle expression of his mingled feelings for pious respectability, family solidarity, Bible-based moral values.' The characterization of James, as Gifford describes it, becomes 'a move by Stevenson towards a modern world of disillusion, scepticism, lack of faith in benevolent determinism', and Gifford perceives 'depths of rebellious feeling' in Henry from the very beginning. Not many readers, however, will concur that Stevenson, in solving his own problem of values by creating a novel which in effect has no definitive value structure at all, creates 'the classic version of the Scottish "dissociation of sensibility" novel' (p. 76). 18. Ibid., p. 77.

7. WALTER BESANT AND DOROTHY FORSTER (1884)

1. Quoted by S. Squire Sprigge in 'A Prefatory Note', Autobiography of Sir Walter Besant (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1902), p. xxvi. 2. Ibid., p. 235. 3. , Something of Myself I and other Autobiographical Writ• ings, edited by Thomas Pinney (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 39. 4. Humphry House, The Dickens World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1941; rpt., 1961), pp. 222-224, passim. 5. Autobiography, p. 243. 6. Ibid., p. 248. 7. Walter Besant, The Art of Fiction (New York: Brentano's, 1902), pp. 47-48. This lecture, read to members of the Royal Institution on April 25, 1884, provoked Henry James to write 'Art of Fiction' for Longman's Magazine, September, 1884, and Robert Louis Stevenson to write 'A Humble Remonstrance', also published in Longman's, December, 1884. As Mark Spilka pointed out ('Henry James and Walter Besant: "The Art of Fiction" Controversy' , Novel, Vol. VI [Winter, 1973]), these essays continued the debate that began in 1882, with the publi• cation of 'Henry James, Jr.', by William Dean Howells, in the Century Magazine, and 'A Gossip on Romance', by Robert Louis Stevenson, in Longman's. 8. Ibid., pp. 48-49. 9. Ibid., p. 52. 10. Autobiography, p. 205. 11. Ibid., pp. 200-201. Notes 171 8. RICHARD DODDRIDGE BLACKMORE AND (1887)

1. The Collected Letters of Thomas Hardy, edited by Richard L. Purdy and Michael Millgate (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978), Vol. I, 1840-1892, pp. 37-38. 2. Michael Millgate, Thomas Hardy I A Biography (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982), p. 179. 3. Hardy's nostalgia was of a different order. He knew that the treatment of farm labour had been cynically exploitative in past ages, and said so in 'The Dorsetshire Labourer', published in Longman's Magazine, July 1883. He did not preach the desirability of a returning to an ear• lier time; he simply didn't believe that yesteryear- any yesteryear• was automatically superior to the present time. All his novels, with the exception of The Trumpet-Major (as noted in the main text), dealt with events that took place after 1840, the year of his birth.

9. SIR ARTHUR QUILLER-COUCH ('Q') AND THE SPLENDID SPUR (1889)

1. Basil Willey, The 'Q' Tradition I An Inaugural Lecture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1946), p. 26. 2. Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch, A Lecture on Lectures I Introductory Volume (London: Hogarth Press, 1927), p. 21. 3. F. Brittain, Arthur Quiller-Couch I A biographical study of 'Q' (Cambridge, England: University Press, 1948), p. ix. 4. A. L. Rowse, Quiller Couch I A Portrait of'Q' (London: Methuen, 1988), p. 234. 5. , Letters to Members of his Family, edited by Algernon and Ellen Gissing (London: Constable, 1927), p. 138. 6. George Moore, Avowals (New York: Boni & Liveright, 1926), pp. 145-146. 7. H. V. Marrot, The Life and Letters of John Galsworthy (New York: Scrib• ner's, 1936), p. 772. 8. John Galsworthy, 'Twelve Books-and Why', Saturday Review of Litera• ture, Vol. IV (3 December 1927), p. 363. 9. Arnold Bennett, Journals, 1896-1910, edited by Newman Flower (London: Cassell, 1932), pp. 17-18. 10. Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch, The Poet as Citizen I and Other Papers (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1934), p. 65. 11. Ibid., p. 59. 12. Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch, Charles Dickens and Other Victorians (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1925), passim, and 'The Victorian Age', in Studies in Literature I Second Series (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922), pp. 279-301. 13. Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch, 'A Toast to the Memory of Sir Walter Scott', Q Anthology I A selection from the prose and verse of Sir Arthur 172 Notes Quiller-Couch, compiled and edited by F. Brittain (New York: Mac• millan, 1949), p. 301. 14. Ibid., p. 306. 15. Ibid., p. 309. 16. Ibid., p. 308. 17. Ibid., p. 309-310. 18. Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch, Adventures in Criticism (London: Cassell, 1896), p. 184. 19. Ibid., p. 197. 20. A notable exception to this generalization is the defence that 'Q' made of his use of historical materials in his novel Hetty Wesley (1903). He took pride in the 'essential truth' of his novel. The Reverend Samuel Wesley, and his sons John and Charles, had brutally mistreated his heroine, Hetty; 'Q' conceded nothing to the 'leaders of Wesleyan thought' who attacked him for showing, in several scenes, how cruelty and saintliness had united in the Wesley family. One letter, he admitted, had been invented, 'to fill up a gap ... the tenor of the lost original, for which I was forced to substitute it, is plainly indicated in Hetty's authentic reply. I have further altered the CJrcumstances, without altering the actual truth, of poor Hetty's downfall. For the rest, nothing essential happens that cannot be tested by evidence in black and white, and by evidence which ought to be familiar to Wesleyans who think their history worth the pains of a little scholarship.' 'Q' urged his critics to review the Wesley correspondence object• ively. The Wesley family were far from being 'plaster saints with accu• rately parted hair', or 'figures stuffed with wind and chocolate creams -at once fulsome and flatulent'. They had abused Hetty, a woman 'generous and lovely and full of sorrows' (Preface). 21. Adventures in Criticism, pp. 365-366.

10. SIR AND (1891)

1. Doyle gave much the same speech, with minor variations, in approx• imately three dozen cities in the United States, and Toronto. Its text has been reconstructed from various accounts and newspaper summaries by Christopher Redmond in Welcome to America, Mr. I Victorian America Meets Arthur Conan Doyle (Toronto, Ontario: Simon & Pierre, 1987); see Appendix I, 'Readings and Reminiscences', pp. 156-157. 2. Arthur Conan Doyle,' A Dinner to Dr. Doyle', The Critic, n.s., Vol. 26 (1 August 1896); reprinted in The Queen, Vol. 100 (4 July 1896), p. 18. 3. Christopher Redmond, Welcome to America, p. 163. 4. New York Times, 19 November 1905, Part 3, p. 7. 5. Redmond, p. 164. 6. Ibid., p. 163. Notes 173 7. Doyle preferred to forget that a love story ran through Micah Clarke. Even so, his disclaimer applied to all his other historical romances. 8. , 'Preface', Sir Arthur Conan Doyle /The Historical Novels, Vol 1 (Poole, New York, Sydney: New Orchard Editions, 1986), p. vii. 9. Christopher Redmond, p. 164. 10. , The True Conan Doyle (New York: Coward• McCann, 1946), p. 29. 11. Owen Dudley Edwards has written that Doctor Watson was exactly this kind of character, and that Doyle owed a literary debt to Scott on this account. The Quest for Sherlock Holmes I A Biographical Study of Arthur Conan Doyle (Totowa, NJ: Barnes and Noble, 1983), p. 131. 12. Arthur Conan Doyle, Through the Magic Door (1902); rpt., Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Page 1923), pp. 28-29. 'Before My Bookcase' was first published as a series of six articles in Great Thoughts (5 May- 30 June 1894), and reprinted as a book under the title Through the Magic Door. Doyle treats, in addition to Sir Walter Scott, Robert Louis Stevenson, Edgar Allan Poe, James Boswell, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and Lord Macaulay. 13. Arthur Conan Doyle, Memories and Adventures (Boston: Little, Brown, 1924), p. 3. 14. Ibid., p. 74. 15. Through the Magic Door, pp. 134-135. 16. Memories and Adventures, p. 102. 17. Ibid., pp. 102-103. 18. Raymond Blathwayt, 'A Talk with Dr. Conan Doyle', The Bookman [London], Vol. II, No. 8 (May, 1892), p. 51. Blathwayt helped to intro• duce and develop the 'celebrity interview' in the early 1890s, a feature which greatly increased the circulation of general-interest periodicals such as The Strand Magazine. 19. Through the Magic Door, p. 86. 20. Cosmo Hamilton, People Worth Talking About (New York: Robert M. McBride, 1933), p. 160. 21. Through the Magic Door, p. 152. 22. James Payn, 'Our Note Book', Illustrated London News, 14 November 1891, p. 622. 23. Memories and Adventures, p. 75.

11. STANLEY JOHN WEYMAN AND A GENTLEMAN OF FRANCE (1893)

1. Leonard Huxley, 'In Memoriam: Stanley John Weyman', Comhill Magazine, Vol.137, n.s. 64 (June 1928), p. 752. 2. , Andrew Lang I A Critiad Biography (Leicester, England: Edmund Ward, 1946), p. 139. 3. Selected Letters of Oscar Wilde, edited by Rupert Hart-Davis (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979), p. 247. 4. Christopher Smith, 'Stanley (John) Weyman', Twentieth-Century Romance and Historical Writers (Chicago and London: St. James Press, 1990), p. 687. 174 Notes

5. Sir Walter Scott on Novelists and Fiction, edited by loan Williams (New York: Barnes and Noble, 1968), p. 240. Williams notes that Scott con• flates two separate passages in Beaumont and Fletcher's The Knight of the Burning Pestle; still, Scott's recollection of what the Wife meant is accurate. 6. Ibid., pp. 240-241. 7. [Anonymous], 'The Reader. Stanley J. Weyman', The Bookman [London], Vol. 34 (August, 1908), p. 173. 8. [London], 12 April1928, p. 17. 9. Leonard Huxley, p. 752. Weyman, as noted in the text, wrote more novels than Huxley remembered.

12. SIMON DALE (1898), BY

1. Sir Charles Mallet, Anthony Hope and his Books I Being the Authorised Life of Sir Anthony Hope Hawkins (London: Hutchinson, 1935), pp. 79-80. 2. Anthony Hope, Memories and Notes (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran, 1928), p. 159. 3. Ibid., p. 118. 4. Ibid., p. 117. 5. Ibid., pp. 121-2. 6. Anthony Hope, Preface to the Author's Edition, (New York: D. Appleton, 1902), p. vii. 7. Ibid., pp. xi-xii. 8. Quoted by Sir Charles Mallet, p. 94. 9. Memories and Notes, p. 1. 10. Ibid., pp. 150-1. 11. The Times [London], 19 June 1913, p. 5. 12. Memories and Notes, pp. 244-5. 13. Ibid., p. 247. 14. The Times [London], 10 July 1933, p. 16.

13. SIR HENRY RIDER HAGGARD AND ERIC BRIGHTEYES (1898)

1. H. Rider Haggard, The Days of My Life I An Autobiography, edited by C. J. Longman (London: Longmans, Green, 1926), Vol. I, p. 264. 2. Morton Cohen, Rider Haggard I His Life and Work, second edition (London: Macmillan, 1968), pp. 124-127. 3. The Days of My Life, Vol. I, p. 264. 4. Ibid., pp. 264-265. 5. H. Rider Haggard, 'Contributors at Work', The Bookman [London], Vol. XXXV (November 1908), p. 86. 6. H. Rider Haggard, 'About Fiction', Contemporary Review, Vol. Ll (February, 1887), p. 172. 7. Ibid., pp. 173-174. Notes 175

8. Ibid., 180. 9. The Days of My Life, Vol. I, pp. 269-270. 10. Ibid., p. 259. 11. Ibid., p. 260. 12. Ibid., pp. 260-261. 13. Cohen, p. 122. 14. Quoted by Lilias Rider Haggard, The Cloak that I Left I A Biography of the Author Henry Rider Haggard K.B.E. (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1951), p. 147. 15. Norman Etherington, Rider Haggard (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1984), p. 66. 16. The Days of My Life, Vol. II, p. 85. 17. Ibid., p. 95. 18. Ibid., p. 91. 19. Ibid., p. 92. 20. Ibid., p. 94. 21. The Days of My Life, Vol. I, pp. 278-279. 22. Ibid., p. 285. 23. Quoted by D. S. Higgins, Rider Haggard: The Great Storyteller (London: Cassell, 1981), p. 125. Haggard recorded his impressions of Iceland in a series of little black notebooks; for a review of their contents, see The Cloak that I Left, pp. 138-146. 24. The Cloak that I Left, p. 140. 25. The Days of My Life, Vol. I, p. 238. 26. The Cloak that I Left, p. 142. 27. Ibid. 28. Wendy R. Katz, Rider Haggard and the Fiction of Empire I A critical study of British imperial fiction (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), pp. 70-71. 29. H. Rider Haggard, Introduction, Eric Brighteyes (1898; rpt., New York: McKinley, Stone & Mackenzie, 1916), p. vii. 30. The Days of My Life, Vol. II, p. 4. 31. Ibid., p. 5. 32. H. Rider Haggard, Introduction, Eric Brighteyes (1898; rpt., New York: McKinley, Stone & Mackenzie, 1916), p. x. 33. Ralph Bergen Allen, Old Icelandic Sources in the English Novel (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1933), p. 105, stated firmly that it was the best English novel of 'any age' attempting to revive the saga tradition. 34. The Days of My Life, Vol. II, p. 104. 35. Haggard, Introduction, Eric Brighteyes, pp. ix-x.

14. RAFAEL SABATINI AND THE SEA-HAWK (1915)

1. Rafael Sabatini, Torquemada and the Spanish Inquisition I A History (London: S. Paul, 1913; rpt., Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1924), p. x. 2. Ibid., p. xi. 176 Notes

3. Ibid., p. viii. 4. Rafael Sabatini, Historical Nights' Entertainment (1st Series, London: M. Seeker, 1917); 2nd Series, London: Hutchinson & Co., 1919; rpt., New York: Garden City, 1929), p. v. 5. Ibid., p. vi. 6. Quoted by Grant Overton in 'Salute to Sabatini', Bookman [New York], Vol. 60 (February, 1924), p. 730. 7. Ibid. 8. See the obituary written by a friend of Sabatini in The Times, 14 February 1950, p. 9. Suggestions for Further Reading

The books and articles cited in the endnotes identify some of the possibili• ties for additional research that may be conducted by those who wish to learn more about an important aspect of popular culture, or those who study literary history on the basis of professional concerns. Here, in an appendix, is a list of additional relevant publications. The aim of such a bibliography is not to include every item of interest. That would be impossible: the bibliographies pertaining to the historical novel and the historical romance - sub-genres that attracted well over a hundred authors in the time-period between Sir Walter Scott's heyday and 1920- illustrate the wide-ranging concerns of countless scholars and critics. Moreover, the individual writers whose novels I treat are not always remembered primarily for their recreations of earlier eras. For example, well over 90 per cent of items in the secondary literature having to do with Arthur Conan Doyle focus on Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson, while considerations of Robert Louis Stevenson's historical romances form only a small fraction of the available Stevensoniana. Nevertheless, the citations that follow, taken together with the books and periodicals mentioned in the endnotes, indicate the existence of substantial critical attention paid over the years to this kind of fiction.

THE HISTORICAL NOVEL AND THE HISTORICAL ROMANCE: GENERAL SURVEYS

Baker, Ernest A., A Guide to Historical Fiction (London: G. Routledge, 1914). Buckley, J. A., and W. T. Williams, A Guide to British Historical Fiction (London: Harrap, 1912). Bernbaum, Ernest, 'The Views of the Great Critics on the Historical Novel', PMLA, Vol. LXI (1926), pp. 424-441. Butterfield, Herbert, The Historical Novel: An Essay (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; New York: Macmillan, 1924). Cahalan, James M., Great Hatred, Little Room: The Irish Historical Novel (New York: Syracuse University Press, 1983). Cam, Helen, Historical Novels (London: Routledge, 1961). Chandler, Alice, 'Sir Walter Scott and the Medieval Revival', Nineteenth• Century Fiction, Vol. XIX (1964), pp. 315-332. Crosby, Christina, The Ends of History (New York and London: Routledge, 1991). Fleishman, Avrom, The English Historical Novel I Walter Scott to Virginia Woolf (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1971).

177 178 Suggestions for For Further Reading Higdon, David Leon, Shadows of the Past in Contemporary British Fiction (London: Macmillan; Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1984). Lascelles, Mary, The Story-teller Retrieves the Past I Historical Fiction and Fictitious History in the Art of Scott, Stevenson, Kipling, and Some Others (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980). Levin, David, In Defense of Historical Literature (New York: Hill and Wang, 1967). Lovell, Terry, Consuming Fiction (London: Verso, 1988). Lukacs, Georg, The Historical Novel, translated by Hannah and Stanley Mitchell (1962; rpt., Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1962.) Lukacs, Georg, Historical Consciousness: or The Remembered Past (1968; rpt., New York: Schocken, 1985.) Martin, Rhona, Writing Historical Fiction (London: A. and C. Black; New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988). McGarry, Daniel D., and Sarah Harriman White, Historical Fiction Guide (Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1963). Neild, Jonathan A., A Guide to the Best Historical Novels and Tales (London: Mathews and Marot, 1902). Sanders, Andrew, The Victorian Historical Novel 1840-1880 (London: Macmillan, 1978). Sheppard, Alfred T., The Art and Practice of Historical Fiction (London: Toulmin, 1930). Terry, R. C., Victorian Popular Fiction, 1860-80 (London: Macmillan, 1983). Walpole, Hugh, 'The Historical Novel in England since Sir Walter Scott', in Sir Walter Scott Today: Some Retrospective Essays and Studies, ed. H. J. C. Grierson (London: Constable, 1932).

ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON

Calder, Jenni, Robert Louis Stevenson: A Life Study (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980). Calder, Jenni, ed., Stevenson and Victorian Scotland (Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 1981). Daiches, David, Robert Louis Stevenson and His World (London: Thames and Hudson, 1973). Eigner, Edwin M., Robert Louis Stevenson and Romantic Tradition (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1981). Gifford, Douglas, 'Stevenson and Scottish Fiction: The Importance of The Master of Ballantrae', in Stevenson and Victorian Scotland, ed., Jenni Calder (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press), pp. 62-87. Good, Graham, 'Rereading Robert Louis Stevenson', Dalhousie Review, Vol. 62, No.1 (Spring 1982), pp. 44-59. Hammond, J. R., A Robert Louis Stevenson Companion: A Guide to the Novels, Essays, and Short Stories (London: Macmillan, 1984). Suggestions for For Further Reading 179

Kiely, Robert, Robert Louis Stevenson and the Fiction of Adventure (Cambridge: Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1965). Knight, Alanna, The Robert Louis Stevenson Treasury (London: Shepherd• Walwyn, 1985). Mills, Carol, 'The Master of Ballantrae: An Experiment with Genre' in Robert Louis Stevenson, ed., Andrew Noble (London: Vision, and Totowa, New Jersey: Barnes and Noble, 1983). Mulholland, Honor, 'Robert Louis Stevenson and the Romance Form', in Robert Louis Stevenson, ed., Andrew Noble (London: Vision, and Totowa, New Jersey: Barnes and Noble, 1983).

SIR WALTER BESANT

Boll, Ernest, 'Besant on the Art of the Novel', English Fiction in Transition, Vol. II, No. 1 (Spring, 1959). Boege, Frederick, 'Sir Walter Besant: Novelist' (Part I), Nineteenth-Century Fiction, Vol. 10 (March 1956), pp. 249-280; (Part II), Nineteenth-Century Fiction, Vol. 11 Oune 1956), p. 32-60. Dean, Michael P., 'Henry James, Walter Besant, and "The Art of Fiction'", Publications of the Arkansas Philological Association, Vol. 10 (Fall 1986), pp. 13-24. Goode, John, 'The Art of Fiction: Walter Besant and Henry James', in Tradition and Tolerance in Nineteenth-Century Fiction, ed. David B. Howard, John Lucas, and John Goode (New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967), pp. 243-281. Spilka, Mark, 'Henry James and Walter Besant: "The Art of Fiction" Controversy', Novel, Vol. 6 (Winter, 1973), pp. 101-119.

R. D. BLACKMORE

Budd, Kenneth, The Last Victorian: R. D. Blackmore and His Novels (London: Centaur, 1960). Burris, Quincy Guy, Richard Doddridge Blackmore: His Life and Novels (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1930). Dunn, Waldo Hilary, R. D. Blackmore: The Author of 'Lorna Doone' (London: Hale, 1956). Elwin, Malcolm, Victorian Wallflowers (London: Jonathan Cape, 1934). Elwin, Malcolm, Old Gods Falling (London: Collins, 1939). Sutton, Max Keith, R. D. Blackmore (Boston: Twayne, 1979).

SIR ARTHUR QUILLER-COUCH

Hanff, Helene, Q's Legacy (Boston: Little, Brown, 1985). 180 Suggestions for For Further Reading SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE

Carr, John Dickson, The Life of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (New York: Harper, 1949; London: Murray, 1949). Jaffe, Jacqueline, Arthur Conan Doyle (Boston: Twayne, 1987). Nordon, Pierre, Conan Doyle, translated by Frances Partridge (London: Murray, 1966; New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1967). Orel, Harold, ed., Critical Essays on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (New York: G. K. Hall, 1992). Pearsall, Ronald, Conan Doyle: A Biographical Solution (New York: St. Martin's, 1977). Symons, Julian, Conan Doyle: Portrait of an Artist (New York: Mysterious Press, 1979).

STANLEY J. WEYMAN

Hughes, Helen Muriel, Changes in Historical Romance, 1890s to the 1980s: The Development of the Genre from Stanley Weyman to Georgette Heyer and Her Successors (Ann Arbor, Michigan: Dissertation Abstracts International, May 1990), Vol. 50, No. 11, p. 3603A.

H. RIDER HAGGARD

Etherington, Norman, Rider Haggard (Boston: Twayne, 1984). Vasbinder, Samuel H., 'Aspects of in Literary about Lost Civilizations', in The Aesthetics of Fantasy Literature and Art, ed. Roger C. Schlobin (Brighton, Sussex: Harvester, 1982), pp. 192-218.

RAFAEL SABATINI

Cacciutto, Franklin C., 'History and Romance in Rafael Sabatini's Columbus', Annali d'Italianistica (Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1992), Vol. 10, p. 222-234. Index

Abbey of St Andrew, Bordeaux, 99 Beaumont, John T., 53 Abbotsford, 80 Beck, Adolph, 89 Ace River, 142 Belfast, 160 Adelboden, Switzerland, 153 Bennett, Arnold, 77 Ainsworth, William Harrison, Old Saint Benson, A. C., 71 Paul's, 1: TowerofLondon, The, 1; Benson, Stella, 163 Windsor Castle, 1 Bentley's Miscellany, 21 Alaric the Goth, 20, 21 Bergthorsknoll, 142 Aldington, Richard, 163 Bertrand de Guesclin, 99 Alfred, King, 7 Besant, Sir Walter, 75, 115, 140; works: All Man's Drift, 142 All in a Garden Fair, 52; All Sorts and All the Year Round, 52, 88 Conditions of Men, 52-3; Autobiography, Alps, 152 50; Children ofGibeon, The, 52, 53; Alsace, 159 Dorothy Forster, 2, 50-9, 124; Golden Anabaptists, 152 Butterfly, The, 52; Ready-Money Angus, House of, 11 Mortiboy, 52; Survey of Western Antiquarian Historical Society, 51 Palestine, 51 Antinomianism, 29 Betterton, Thomas, 162 Apostles, 162 Bey, Brugsch, 137 Arabian Nights, The, 40, 136 Bible, 142 Archaeologia Cambrensis, 65 Big Ben, 116 Archaeological Lodge, 51 Birrell, Augustine, 71 Archer, Frank, 21 Blackmer, Sidney, 152 Archer, William, 47 Black Prince, 99 Aristophanes, 71 Blackmore, R. D., works: , Arlen, Michael, 154, 163 61, 62; Christowell, 61; Cripps, the Armistice (Great War), 161 Carrier, 62; , 61, 62; Kit and Kitty, Arrowsmith, 115 61; Lorna Doone, 60, 61, 65; Maid ofSker, Asquith, H. H., 188 The, 62, 65; Mary Anerley, 61, 62; Assouan, 138 Remarkable History of Sir Thomas Athenaeum, 21 Upmore Bart MP, The, 62; Romance of Atlantic Union, 51 , A, 61; Spring haven, 2, 60-9 Austen, Jane, 103; Emma, 13 Blackwood, John, 23 Authors' Club, 90, 97 Blackwood, William, 23 Author's Edition (Anthony Hope), 117 Blathwayt, Raymond, 96 Bloemfontein, South Africa, 88 Baklanoff, Georges, 152 Blood, Captain, 152 Ballantyne, John, 80 Bloomsbury Group, 79 Balzac, Honore de, 4, 38 Board of works, Edinburgh, 87 Balliol, 118 Bodmin, Cornwall, 70 Bampfylde, Walter, Road To Arcady, The, 159 Boer War, 74, 88, 97 Bancroft, Lady 120 Boers, 133 Barbour, Archdeacon John, 11, 12 Bookman, The (London), 135 Barclay, Florence L., Returned Empty, 162 Boot's, 1 Barr, Robert, 97 Borgia, Cesare, 152 Barrie, Sir James, 81, 83 Boulak Museum, 137 Barry, Dr James, 160 Bowen, Marjorie, Third Estate, The, 160 Bearne, Catherine, Cross of Pearls, The, Bower, Marian, Love Story of Guillaume 161-2 Marc, 159

181 182 Index

Box Hill, 122 Cincinnati Commercial Gazette, 90 Boy's Own Paper, 88 Clarendon, Earl of, 128 Bradock Down, 83 Clifton College, Bristol, 70 Bridges, Robert, 62 Cliftonian, The, 70 British Museum, 23-4, 153 Clio, 5 Brittain, F., 74-5 Cohen, Morton, 134 Bronte, Anne, 30 Coleridge, Samuel, 13 Bronte, Branwell, 30 Coligny, Gaspard de Chatillon, Comte Bronte, Charlotte, 35; works: fane Eyre, de, 52,111 29; Shirley, 29-31, 33 Collins, William, 22, 24, 25; works: Bronte, Emily, Wuthering Heights, 49 Antonina, 20-2, 24; Basil, 21; Memoirs of Bronte, Patrick, 30 the Life of William Collins, 21 Bruton, Somerset, 60 Colvin, Sidney, 41, 45, 46, 81 Budd, George T., 88 Comines, Philippe de, 96 Bulwer, Sir Henry, 133 Commons, House of, 25-6 Bulwer-Lytton, Edward, 16-20, 21, 24, Compton-Burnett, Ivy, 163 25, 26; works: Harold, The Last of the Conan, Michael, 87 Saxon Kings, 2, 20; King Arthur, 17-18; Conrad, Joseph, 154 Last Days of Pompeii, The, 2, 18; Last of Contemporary Review, 133 the Barons, The, 19; On Art in Fiction, Conway, Hugh, Called Back, 3 16; On Certain Principles of Art in Works Cook, Captain, 52 of Imagination, 16; Rienzi, 23 Cooper, James Fenimore, 154 Bunyan, John, Pilgrim's Progress, 136 Comhill Magazine, 98, 103, 113 Butcher, S. H., 139 Couch, Jonathan, 70 Byron, Lord, 10 Covent Garden, 60 Cross, John W., 24 Cabal Ministry, 128 Culloden, 160 Calvary, 26 Cumberland, 152 Cambridge University, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75 Currie, Sir Edmund H., 53 Camelot, 26 Curzon, Viscount, 118, 134 Campbell, D. Forbes, 26 Custer, Elizabeth Bacon, 45 Canada, 89 Canadian literature, 33-4 Dana, R. H., 21-2 Cassell, 71 Debating Society, Oxford, 118 Castlemaine, Lady, 126 Defoe, Daniel, Robinson Crusoe, 39, 79, Carlyle, Thomas, 29; History of the French 136, 140 Revolution, 33 Delafield, E. M., 163 'celebrity interview', 2-3 Dell, Draycot M., Carrion Island, 160 Cervantes, 16 Denbighshire, 113 Chadwick, H. M., 75 Dent, J. M., 75 Chambers's Journal, 88, 103 Derby, Countess of, 9 Chandros, John, 99 Dickens, Charles, 35, 52, 79, 94; works: Charles II, King, 162 Barnaby Rudge, 2, 31; Bleak House, 35; Charles V, King, 153 Tale of Two Cities, A, 2, 31-3 Charles Edward, Prince, 7 Diderot, Denis, 34 Chartism, 30 Disraeli, Benjamin, 35 Chatterton, Thomas, 8 Dostoevsky, Fyodor, Brothers Karamazov, Chaucer, Geoffrey, 8, 93, 100; works: The,77 Canterbury Tales, The, 73 Douglas, House of, 11 Chicago Opera Company, 152 Doyle, Arthur Conan, Sir, 4, 75, 81, 97, Christ Church, 116 102, 104, 119; works: 'Adventure of the Christ's College, 51 Priory School, The,' 95; 'Final Christian Instructor, The, 110 Problem, The,' 90; Hound of the Index 183

Doyle, Arthur Conan, Sir- continued Farnol, Jeffrey, Geste of Duke Jocelyn, The, Baskervil/es, The, 90; Memories and 161 Adventures, 88; Micah Clarke, 90, 98; Feiling, Anthony, 131 Sign of Four, The, 88; 'Silver Blaze,' 96; Feldkirch, Austria, 87 , 90; Stark Munro Letters, The, Florence, Italy, 22-5 88; Study in Scarlet, A, 88; Through the Fletcher, John, Knight of the Burning Magic Door, 94; White Company, The, 2, Pestle, 110 87-101 Fisher, H. A. L., 161 Doyle, Charles A., 87 Fielding, Henry, 98; works: Tom Jones, 10 Doyle, Jean Leckie, 89, 92 Firbank, Ronald, 163 Doyle, John, 87 Forbes,Duncan,43 Doyle, Louisa H., 88, 89 Fowey, 71 Doyle, Mary, 87 Fowey River, 77 Doyle, Richard, 87 France, 153 Drapers' Company, 53 Francis I, King, 153 Drummond, Hamilton, Great Game, The, Franco-Prussian War, 159 160 Fraser, Sir W., 26 Dryden, John, Indian Emperor, The, 126 Frederick III, Emperor of Germany, 147 Duchy Edition ("Q'"s works), 75 French language, 51, 93, 99 Dumas, Alexandre (Dumas pere), 40, 105, French Revolution, 64, 160 140; works: Count of Monte Cristo, The, Froissart, Jean, 96 40; Vicomte de Bragelonne, Le, 82, 154 Froude, James A., 29 Du Maurier, Daphne, 78 Frye, Northrop, 33, 35 Dutch War (1672-74), 128 Gaisford, Dean, 116 Earley-Wilmot, Edward G., 83 Galsworthy, John, 77 East London, 53 Garnett, David, 163 East London Technical College, 53 Gardiner, Colonel, 7 Edalji, George, 89 'garrison mentality', 33-4 Edinburgh University, 87-8 Gaskell, Mrs, 30, 35; works: Sylvia's Education Act of 1902,74 Lovers, 2 Edward III, King, 98 Geneva, 104 Edward IV, King, 19 George I, King, 104 Edward VI, King, 152 George III, King, 67, 68-9 Edward VII, King, 104 Gerard, Morice, Adventures of Marmaduke Egypt, 137-8, 139, 142 Clegg, The, 159-60 Eliot, George, 38; works: Middlemarch, Gerhardie, William, 163 162; Mill on the Floss, The, 22; Romola, 2, Geschichtlich, 36 22-5, 55; Silas Marner, 22 Geyser-land, 145 Elizabeth I, Queen, 7, 10, 152 Gibbon, Edward, 18, 96; works: Decline Eliot, T. S., 78-9; works: and Fall of the Roman Empire, The, 20 After Strange Gods, 78 Gilbert, William Schwenck, 74 England, 151 Gissing, George, 77 English Association, 79 Godscroft, 11-12 English Illustrated, 104 Golden Falls, 142, 143-4 Epic-drama, 26 Gooch, G. P., 161 Erasmus, 56 Graham of Claverhouse, John, 43 Essex, 160 Granada,96 Etherington, Norman, 139 Great Exhibition, 160 Euripides, Helena, 139 Great War (), 5, 74, 78, 89, 97, Exeter College, Oxford, 60 119, 158, 159~3 Great Western Railway, 118 Green, T. H., 14 184 Index

Grenville, Sir Bevil, 83 Hicks, John, 73 Grettir, 142 Hilton, James, 163 Grier, Sydney C., Strong Hand, The, 162 Historisch, 36 Gudrnunson, Thorgrirnrner, 142 Hodder (school), 87 Guise, Due de, 104 Holland, 128 Gunnar, 142 Holmes, Constance, 163 Gwyn, Nell, 126 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 76 Holmes, Sherlock, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 95 Haggard, H. Rider, Sir, 4, 75, 91, 97, 102; Horne Arts and Industries Assodation, 53 works:' About Fiction', 133, 134-5; Horne Office, 89 Allan Quatermain, 134, 149; Ayesha, 149; Horne~40, 139,140 Cleopatra 135, 137-8; Dawn, 134; Days Honours School of English Literature, of My Life, The, 133, 135--6, 139, 149; Cambridge University, 72 Eric Brighteyes, 2, 133-50; 'Fair Hope, Anthony, 4, 50, 75, 83, 102; Margaret', 149; Heart of the World, 149; works: Adventure of Lady Ursula, The, Joan Haste, 149; King Solomon's Mines, 119; Captain Dieppe, 119; Chronicles of 134; 'Maiwa's Revenge', 149; Count Antonio, The, 122, 124, 131; Montezuma's Daughter, 139; 'Mr. Dolly Dialogues, The, 122; English Nell, Meeson's Will', 149; Nada the Lily, 139; 119; God in the Car, The, 116, 118; Heart She, 134; Song of the Bow, The, 13B; of Princess Osra, The, 115; Helena's 'Stella Fregelius', 149; Swallow, 139; Path, 119; Indiscretion of the Duchess, Way of the Spirit, The, 149; World's 119; Intrusions of Peggy, The, 119; Desire, The, 135, 138 King's Mirror, The, 116; Little Tiger, Haggard, Mariana L. M., 134 118; Man of Mark, A, 119; Memories Haggard, William, 133 and Notes, 116; Mr Witt's Widow, 119; Hallgerda, 142 Mrs Thisleton's Princess, 119; My Hamilton, Cosmo, 97 Lady's Duel, 119; Phroso, 115; Hamlet, 111 Pilkerton's Peerage, 119; Princess Osra, Hammond, J. R., 49 118; Prisoner of Zenda, The, 115, 116, Hardy, Thomas, 61-2, 119; works: 119, 120; , 115, 116; Dynasts, The, 25-7, 64-5, 66; Simon Dale, 2, 115-32; Sophy of Far from the Madding Crowd, 61-2; Kravonia, 115; Sport Royal, 121-2; Trumpet-Major, The, 2, 62 Wheel of Love, 119 Harrnsworth, Sir Harold, 71 Hope, Ascott, 97 Hartshead, 30 Hope, Helga, 131 Haven, The ("Q"'s horne), 71,75 Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 62 Hawkins, Anthony Hope, Sir: see Hope, Hopton, General, 83 Anthony House of Commons, 89 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 38 Hoxton, 53 Hawtree, Charles, 120 Hugo, Victor, 4, 19,38 Hay, William, Escape of the Notorious Sir Hurne, David, 11 William Heans, 160 Hundred Years' War, 162 Hazlitt, William, Life of Napoleon Hutton, R. H., 24 Bonaparte, 26 Huxley, Aldous, 163 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm, 15-16,34 Huxley, Leonard, 113 Henley, William Ernest, 47 Hennessy, James Pope, 37-8, 47 Iceland, 141-2 Henry III (France), 111 Ingram, Rex, 152 Henry VIII, King, 162 Inner Temple, 102 Henry of Lorraine, 111 Irving, Washington, 96 Henry of Navarre, 103 Islam, 160 Herefordshire, 153 Ivan the Terrible, 96 Hewlett, Maurice, 97, 104 Hichens, Robert, 97 Jack the Ripper, 90 Index 185

Jacobs, W. W., 97 Leith, 142 James, Henry, 24, 41, 44, 59 Lewes, George Henry, 22, 23, 24, 30 James II, King, 160 Lincoln, Abraham, 51 Jameson Raid, 159 Lincoln's Inn, 21, 134 Jameson, Storm, 163 Lippincott's Magazine, 88, 94 Johnson, Esther, 82 Literary World, 134 Jefferies, Richard, 52 Little, J. Stanley, 134 Jerome, Jerome K., 97 Llorente, Juan Antonio, 152 Jerusalem, 51 Locke, W. J., 97 Jesus, 162 London, 51 Jesus College, 74-5 London Society, 88 Joan of Arc, 52, 104, 152 London University, 53 Johnson, Samuel, 12 Longman, Charles, 134 Johnston, Mary, Laird ofGlenfernie, The, Longmans, 104 160; Prisoners of Hope, 153; To Have and Longman's Magazine, 104 to Hold, 153 Longworth, Berkshire, 60 Jonson, Ben, Alchemist, The, 73 Lord Mayor of London, 61 Josephine, 162 Lorenzo the Magnificent, 23 Josselin, Ruth, 76 Louis XI, King, 10 Joyce, James, 163 Louis XIV, King, 82 Judas, 162 Louvre, 137 Judas Maccabaeus, 52 Luddism, 29, 30, 31 Ludlow Grammar School, 102 Kaye-Smith, Sheila, 163 Kemble, 'Beetle', 120 Macaulay, Rose, 163 Kennedy, Margaret, 163 Macaulay, Thomas, 29, 104; works: Kensington Gardens, 162 History of England, 15, 21-2 Kermode, Frank, 35 Macchiavelli, Niccolo, Mandragola, 24 King Edward VII Professorship, Mackenzie, Compton, 163 Cambridge University, 71-2, 75 Macmillan, 104 King James Version of the Bible, 143 Magdalene, 71 King's School, Chester, 102 Malburian, 118 Kingsley, Charles, 35; works: Hereward Mallet, Sir Charles, 115 the Wake, 2; Hypatia, 2, 29; Westward Man in the Iron Mask, 153 Ho!,29 Manzoni, Alessandro, 4 Knight, Rev. H. H., 65 Margaret of Anjou, Queen, 19 Knox, John, 152 Markallflajot, 142 Kipling, Rudyard, 52, 76, 80, 81, 82, 104, Market Gardens, 60 143; 'How Fear Came', Second Jungle Marlborough, Duke of, 9, 82, 118 Book, The, 5 Marryat, Captain, 37; works: Phantom Ship, The, 44 Lang, Andrew, 91, 104, 105, 115, 134, 138, Martin Seeker Ltd, 151 146-7; works:' At the Sign of St. Martineau, Harriet, Autobiography, 15 Paul's', 104; 'At the Sign of the Ship', Mary, Queen of Scots, 8 104; Monk of Fife, A, 104; Where is Masai, 149 Rose?, 3 Mason, A. E. W., 97,104 Law, John, 153 Masonic Archaeological Institute, 51 Lawrence, D. H., 163 Massie, Allan, 12 Leaf, Walter, 139 Masterman, Charles F. G., 119 Leamington College, 51 McCarthy, Justin, History of Our Own Leatherhead, 122 Times, 96 Lecky, W. E. H., History of England in the M'Crie, Dr Thomas, 110 Eighteenth Century, 96 Melrose, Scotland, 11 Leeds Mercury, 30 Melville, Herman, Moby Dick, 49 186 Index

Mercier, Louis Sebastian, Tableau de Paris, Once a Week, 52 Le,33 Orczy, Baroness, works: His Majesty's Meredith, George, 122; works: Egoist, Well Beloved, 162; Lord Tony's Wife, 159; The,73 Scarlet Pimpernel, The, 64 Merriman, Henry Seton, 104 Oxford, 71 Michelet, Jules, HistonJ of the French Oxford Magazine, The, 70 Revolution, The, 15 Oxford Union, 118 Middalhof, 143 , 118 Palestine, 51 Mill, John Stuart, 14 Palestine Exploration Fund, 51 Millard, Kenneth, 26 Palgrave, F. T., 24 Milton, John, 78, 136 Pall Mall Gazette, 47, 82, 134 Mitchell, Margaret, Gone With the Wind, Palmer, E. H., 51 163 Palmer, William, 78 Mitford, Mary Russell, Rienzi I A Tragedy, Parkman, Francis, 96 19 Parliament, 74, 128 Mohun, Lord, 83 Payn,James,98, 103 Monmouth, Duke of, 79 Peasants' Revolt, 162 Moore, George, 77, 83;works: Brook Pedro of Castile, 99 Kerith, The, 122 Peninsular War, 159 Moore, Thomas, 10 People's Palace, 53 Morgan, Charles, 163 Petworth, Sussex, 70 Marier, James Justinian, 10 Picturesque, 17, 112 Morley, Lord John, 24, 71 Plutarch, Lives, 159 Morris, William, 142 Plymouth, 88 Mottram, R. H., 163 Portugal, 151, 159 Mudie's, 1 Priam,26 Murray, Lord George, 43 Priestley, J. B., 163 Myers, E., 139 Prince of Wales (Edward VII), 147 Prestonpans, 160 Napoleon, 67-8, 82, 96, 162 Pretoria, 133 National Gallery, Dublin, 87 Pushkin, Alexander, 4 Natal, 133 Pyramids of Ghizeh, 138 Naturalists, 35, 39, 83, 148 Nelson, Lord, 67-8, 152 Quarterly Review, 13, 110 Nevile, Richard, 19 Quiller-Couch, Arthur, Sir, 5; works: Newbolt, Henry, 76 Adventures of Harry Revel, The, 75; New Brunswick, 160 Astonishing History of Troy Town, The, New Forest, 92 70; Blue Pavilions, The, 75; Cambridge Newhaven, Sussex, 66 Shorter Bible, The, 72; Castle Dar, 77-8; New Historical Novel, 1, 43 Dead Man's Rock, 70, 83; Golden Pomp, Newman, Cardinal, 78; works: Cal/ista, 2 The, 72; Hetty Wesley, 74; Idalia, 74; I New Plutarch project, 51 Saw Three Ships, 76; lAdy Good-For• New Statesman, 79 Nothing, 74, 76; Major Devereux, 75; Newton Abbot College, 70 Mortal/one, 76; New Cambridge New York Post, 134 Edition of the Works of Shakespeare, New York Times, 90 72; 'On the Use of Materpieces', 74; Nightingale, Florence, 152 Oxford Book of English Verse, The, 72; Nile River, 138 Poison Island, 77; Select English Classics, Njal, 142 72; Splendid Spur, The, 2, 70-86; Njal Saga, 142 'Tradition and Orthodoxy', 78; Troy Nofertari, 138 Town, 83; Wandering Heath, 75; Norfolk, 133 Westcotes, The, 74; White Wolf and Other Norns (Fate) 149 Fireside Tales, The, 76 Index 187

Quiller-Couch, Bevil Bryan, 78 Sanders, Andrew, The Victorian Historical Quiller-Couch, Foy Felicia, 77 Nove/1840-1880, 1 Quiller-Couch, Louisa Hicks, 73 Savonarola, 22-5 Sayers, Dorothy L., 163 Rabelais, 51 School of English Studies, 79 Ragged School Union, 53 Schuberts, the 105 Raleigh, Sir Walter, 72. 152 Scotch Covenanters, 110 Rameses II, 137, 138 Scotland Yard, 89 Rance, Nicholas, 13, 35 Scots language, 6 Ranke, Leopold von 15 Scott, Walter, Sir, 4-5, 6-14, 15, 16-18, Raschid, Caliph Haroun al, 51-2 29,38,42,79-81,91,99-100,109-10, Ratcliffe, 53 112-13,116,153,154,159, 161;works: Reade, Charles, 4, 95; works: Cloister and Abbot, The, 8, 16, 82; AnneofGeierstein, the Hearth, The, 29, 56, 91, 92 11; Antiquary, The, 80, 109, 110; Reading Goal. 105 Bethrothed, The, IO; Bride of Rebellion of 1715 (Scotland), 56 Lammermoor, The, 11, 15, 16; Castle Reichenbach Falls, Switzerland, 90 Dangerous, 11; Chronicles of the Rhodes, Cecil, 116 Canongate, 6; Count Robert of Paris, 11; Rhys, Jean, 163 Fortunes of Nigel, The, 8, 110; Guy Richard I. King, 152 Mannering; 80, 109, 110; Heart of Mid• Richard III, King, 160 Lothian, The, 109; Ivanhoe, 4, 8, 9, 16, Rice, James, 52 18, 20, 98; Kenilworth, 10, 16; Life of Richardson, Samuel. 34, 98; works: Napoleon Bonaparte, The, 26, 96; Clarissa, 39 Monastery, The, 10, 11; Old Mortality, Richelieu, Cardinal, 104 109; Prefaces, 1, 6-14; Peveril of the Rienzi, Cola di, 19-20 Peak, 9; Pirate, The, 23; Quentin Rising of 1745 (Scotland), 1, 7 Durward, 10; Rob Roy, 109; Tales of My Richard I, King, 10 Landlord, 6, 110; Waverley, 1, 6, 8, 80, Roberts, S. C., ed., Memories and 112; Waverley Novels, 6, 25, 93, 110; Opinions, 73-4 Woodstock, 11 Roe Head, 30 Scott, Catherine, 94 Rose, Edward, 105, 115 Scott, Michael, 43 Rose, F. Horace, Haidee, 159 Scott-Stevenson tradition, 55, 161 Ross, Robert, 104 Scribner's 45 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 33, 34 Sedgwick, S. N., Master of the Rowse, A. L., 75 Commandery, 162 Royal College, Mauritius, 51 Seti, 137 Russell, Clark, Sailor's Sweetheart, The, Shakespeare, William, 9, 12, 16-17,80, 40 136 Russell Club, 118 Shaw, George Bernard, 120 Sheep-saddle Rock, 143 Sabatini, Anna, 151 Sheppard, Alfred Tressider, Sabatini, Rafael, 151-8; works: Bardelys Autobiography of Judas Iscariot, The, 162 the Magnificent, 151; Gamester, The, 153; Shepstone, Sir Theophilus, 133 Heroic Lives, 152, 155; Historical Nights' Sheridan, Richard B., Rivals, The, 73 Entertainment, 152; Scaramouche, 151; Shorthouse, Joseph H., John Inglesant, 82 Sea-Hawk, The, 2, 151-8; Snare, The, Shrewsbury School, 102 159; Ttwern Knight, The, 151; Sismondi, Jean Charles Leonard, 18 Torquemada and the Spanish Inquisition, Skarphedinn, 142 152; Trafford, 151 Slater, Oscar, 89 Sabatini, Vincenzo, 151 Smith, Christopher, 105 Sackville-West, V., 163 Smith, George, 24 Saintsbury, George, 79 Smith's, 1 Saladin, 10 Smollett, Tobias, 98 188 Index

Society of Authors, 50-1,52, 122 Terry, Ellen, 122, 131 Somerville, Elizabeth, 119 Thackeray, William Makepeace, 4, 40, 79, South Africa, 159 82; works: Henry Esmond, 2, 29; Punch's South Buckinghamshire, 118 Prize Novelists, 28--9; Vanity Fair, 29, 30, Southey, Robert, 10 94; Virginians, The, 2, 29 South Molton, Devon, 60 Thiers, Adolphe, Histoire du Consulat et Southsea, 88 de /'Empire, 26 Spanish Inquisition, 152 Thingvellir, 142 Speake~ The, 71,81,82 Three Corner Ridge, 142 Spectator, 24, 134 Three Man's Graveyard, 142 Spenser, Edmund, Faerie Queene, The, 73 Times, The (London), 61, 113, 132 , 89 Times Literary Supplement, 79 St Bartholomew, Massacre of, 111 Tiverton, Devon, 60 St Francis of Assisi, 152 Tolstoy, Leo, works: Anna Karenina, 77; StJohn's Foundation School, 118 War and Peace, 4, 77, 82, 95, 163 St Winnow, 77 Trench, Herbert, 122 Stael, Mme de, 34 Trinity College, Oxford, 70-1 Stanford, Earl of, 83 Tristan and Iseult legend, 77 Standford Heath, 83 Transvaal, 133 Stead, W. T., 134-5 Trollope, Anthony, 24, 37-8, 40, 103, 116; Stendhal, Marie Henri Beyle, Rouge et le works: Autobiography, 103 noir, Le, 4 Troy, 139 Stephen, Leslie, 162 Turgenev, Ivan, Fathers and Children, 77; Sterne, Lawrence, 79, 98 Smoke, 77 Stewart, Rev. H. F., 75-7 Stonyhurst (school), 87 United States, 89, 90, 118--19, 153 Strachey, Lytton, 79 Staffordshire, 89 Vailima, 81 Stevenson, Robert Louis, 5, 35,37-41, Vanhomrigh, Esther, 82 42-9,50, 75,80-2,83,86,91,97, 103, Verrall, Arthur Woolgar, 71 104, 115, 138, 159; works: 'Books Vicars, Sir Arthur, 94 Which Have Influenced Me', 38; Victoria, Queen, 5, 77, 94, 104 Kidnapped, 37, 46; Master of Ballantrae, Victoria, Empress Frederick of Germany, The, 2, 42-49, 50; More New Arabian 147 Nights, 46; New Arabian Nights, 46; Virgil, 71 'Note on Realism, A', 38; Prince Otto, 46; St. Ives, 81; Treasure Island, 46, 134; Waliszewski, Kazimierz, 96 Weir of Hermiston, 49; Where is Rose?, 3 Walpole, Horace, 104 Stow, John, Survey of London, 51 Walpole, Hugh, 97, 163 Strand Magazine, 88 Ward, Mrs Humphry, 162; works: Sully, Maximilian de Bethune, due de, Marriage of William Ashe, The, 120 Memoirs, 104 Warner, Sylvia Townsend, 163 Sutcliffe, Halliwell, Blue Cloak, The, 160 War Office, 151 Swift, Jonathan, Gulliver's Travels, 82, 136 Warwick, Earl of, 19 Swinnerton, Frank, 37-8, 163 'Wat', 94 Switzerland, 151 Watt, A. P., 104 Syndham, Charles, 120 Webb, Mary, 163 Wellington, House, 119 Taine, Hippolyte A., 34 Wellesley House Grammar School, Tana River, 149 Twickenham, 60 Teddington, 60 Welsh language, 39 Tell, William, 153 Wessex Edition (Thomas Hardy's Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 50, 122 works), 64-5 Index 189

West, Rebecca, 163 Wodehouse, P. G., 163 Weyman, Stanley, 5, 75, 81, 151; works: Wolf's Fang, 143, 146 Chippinge, 114; Count Hannibal, 103, Wolsey, Cardinal, 162 105; Gentleman of France, A, 2, 102-14; Women's Bureau of Work, 53 Great House, The, 113; House of the Wolf, Wood, Margaret L., Esther Vanhomrigh, The, 103; 'My Scouts', 103; New Rector, 82,83 The, 103; Ovington's Bank, 113; Wild Woolf, Virginia, 79,163 Geese, The, 113, 114 Wordsworth, William, 78 White, Henry, History of the Massacre of World War I (see Great War) St. Bartholomew, 103 World War ll, 5, 163 Whitehall Review, 134 Wright, R. S., 118 Whittington, Sir Richard, 52 Wynne, May, Marcel of the Wilde, Oscar, 104, 117; works: Picture of 'Zephyrs',159 Dorian Gray, The, 94 Willey, Basil, 72 Zangwill, Israel, 122; works: finny the Williams, W. S., 30 Carrier, 160 Wilson, Dover, 72 Zola, Emile, 39, 83 Wiseman, Nicholas, Fabio/a, 2 Zulus, 133