DOCSLIB.ORG

Volume 1 Issue 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL ENFORCEMENT ISSN: 2582 8894|UIA: AA1003/2020 Volume 1 Issue 2 |June 2021| Website: www.internationaljournaloflegalenforcement-ijle.com Email: [email protected] 2 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL ENFORCEMENT ISSN: 2582 8894|UIA: AA1003/2020 About Us International Journal of Legal Enforcement is an online peer review journal dedicated to express views on legal and socio legal aspects. This platform also shall ignite the initiative of the young students. We do not charge any publication charge for online publications. We process to bring out the analysis and thoughts of every socio legal and legal matters from the young powerful minds. With this thought we hereby present you, International Journal of Legal Enforcement. “Dharma is to protect the Needy” 3 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL ENFORCEMENT ISSN: 2582 8894|UIA: AA1003/2020 Research Article on TRANSGENDER RIGHTS IN INDIA Vanshika Gangwar Student, JMTECH School of Law. 4 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL ENFORCEMENT ISSN: 2582 8894|UIA: AA1003/2020 ABSTRACT That the Research paper deals with the concept “TRANSGENDER RIGHTS IN INDIA”. The author has explained the concept of RIGHTS OF THE TRANSGENDER IN INDIA from the initial stage and moving on further the author has told about the BACKGROUND HISTORY and the author has took the reference of the “Constitution Of India” with reference to the FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS. The author has cited several cases like NAZ FOUNDATION V. GOVERNMENT OF NCT OF DELHI,2009, Suresh Kumar Koushal and another v. NAZ Foundation and others,2013, NATIONAL LEGAL SERVICE AUTHORITY V. UNION OF INDIA, 2014, JUSTICE K.S. PUTTASWAMY (RETD.) AND ANSR. V. UNION OF INDIA, 2017, NAVTEJ SINGH JOHAR V. UNION OF INDIA, 2018. The rights are similarly ensured under the Indian constitution to the transsexual individual as the constitution ensures equity and uniformity to every single Indian Citizen. The Government has established the Transgender Person (Protection of Right) Act, 2019 to give disallowance against separation in the issues of work, schooling and wellbeing Services to the transsexual individual and Welfare measures have been embraced to ensure the privileges of the transsexual individual. Despite the fact that India is attempting to put forth attempts for the general advancement of the transsexual local area, the significant issue is the absence of acknowledgment by our general public. The transsexuals not exclusively are a casualty of lawful issues yet in addition face social blacklist and marks of disgrace. They are not permitted to be a piece of society. Any major legitimate changes are invited yet they won't influence except if society changes its view and acknowledges the transsexual local area. 5 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL ENFORCEMENT ISSN: 2582 8894|UIA: AA1003/2020 INTRODUCTION- “Transsexual people” 1will be individuals whose characters are not the same as the cliché sexual orientation standards, which distinguish sexes just as male or female. Society has neglected to acknowledge their sex personality because of which they have experienced separation, social mistreatment and actual viciousness. There are sure socio-social gatherings of transsexual individuals who are recognized as Hijras, jogappas, Sakhi, Aradhis and so on and there are individuals who don't have a place with any of the gatherings however are alluded to as transsexual individual exclusively. The article manages the Transgender rights in India as the transsexual reserve the option to be perceived as a third sexual orientation and are qualified for legitimate security under the law. The rights are similarly ensured under the Indian constitution to the transsexual individual as the constitution ensures equity and uniformity to every single Indian Citizen. The Government has established the “Transgender Person (Protection of Right) Act, 2019” 2to give disallowance against separation in the issues of work, schooling and wellbeing Services to the transsexual individual and Welfare measures have been embraced to ensure the privileges of the transsexual individual. Lesbian, gay, sexually open and transsexual (LGBT) rights in India have developed as of late. In any case, Indian LGBT residents face certain social and legitimate challenges not experienced by non-LGBT people. The nation has canceled its pilgrim period laws that straightforwardly victimized gay and transsexual characters and furthermore expressly deciphered “Article 15 of the Constitution to disallow separation based on sexual direction and sex personality”3. In any case, numerous legitimate securities have not been accommodated, including same-sex marriage. Transsexual individuals in India are permitted to change their legitimate sexual orientation post-sex reassignment medical procedure under enactment passed in 2019, and have an established option to enlist themselves under a third sex. Furthermore, a few states secure hijras, a conventional third sexual orientation populace in South Asia through lodging projects, 1 Transsexual people 2 Transgender person (protection of right) act, 2019 3 Article 15 of the Indian constitution 6 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL ENFORCEMENT ISSN: 2582 8894|UIA: AA1003/2020 and offer government assistance benefits, annuity plans, free tasks in government emergency clinics just as different projects intended to help them. There are roughly 480,000 transsexual individuals in India. In 2018, in the landmark decision of” Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India, the Supreme Court of India decriminalised consensual homosexual intercourse by reading down Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code and excluding consensual homosexual sex between adults from its ambit.”4 Regardless of solid political developments for LGBT rights, there stays a lot of homophobia present among the Indian populace, with around one of every four Indians protesting same-sex connections as indicated by an assessment of public sentiment. During the 2010s, LGBT individuals in India progressively acquired resilience and acknowledgment, particularly in enormous urban areas. BACKGROUND HISTORY- HINDU SCRIPTURES- Hinduism recognizes a third sexual orientation, or a bisexual; there are sure characters in the “Mahabharata who, as indicated by certain renditions of the epic, change sexes, like Shikhandi, who is now and again advised to be brought into the world as a female however distinguishes as male and in the end weds a lady. Bahuchara Mata is the goddess of richness, adored by hijras as their patroness.”5 “The Nāradasmṛti and the Sushruta Samhita, two significant Sanskrit messages identifying with dharma and medication, individually, announce homosexuality to be unchangeable and disallow gay people from wedding an accomplice of the other gender.” 6The Nāradasmṛti records fourteen kinds of panda (men who are feeble with ladies); among these are the mukhebhaga (men who have oral sex with different men), the sevyaka (men who are physically appreciated by different men) and the irshyaka (the voyeur who watches different men taking part in sex). The Kama Sutra, a Sanskrit text(not to be mistaken for a Hindu book) on human sexual conduct, utilizes the term tritiya-prakriti to characterize men with gay longings and 4 Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India 5 Mahabharata 6 Dharma 7 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL ENFORCEMENT ISSN: 2582 8894|UIA: AA1003/2020 portrays their practices exhaustively. Similarly, the Kama Sutra depicts lesbians (svairini, who participate in forceful lovemaking with different ladies), bisexuals (alluded to as kami or paksha), transsexual and intersex individuals. The Sushruta Samhita and the Charaka Samhita dive further into the issue of homosexuality, expressing that gay people are imagined when the dad's semen is inadequate and transsexual individuals are considered when the dad and mother turn around parts during intercourse (purushayita, "lady on top"). In any case, in another Hindu content, the Manusmriti, there are different disciplines for homosexuality. Girl who engaged in sexual relations with different young ladies were rebuffed with 200 coins and ten whiplashes. A develop lady engaging in sexual relations with a young lady was rebuffed by having her head shaved or two of her fingers cut off, and she was likewise made to ride on a jackass. On account of gay guys, the Manusmriti directed that sexual relationship between two men brought the deficiency of station. In the Arthashastra, a second century BCE Indian composition on statecraft, gay intercourse was treated as an offense, albeit a few sorts of hetero intercourse were rebuffed all the more harshly. “Devdutt Pattanaik sums up the spot of homosexuality in Hindu writing as follows: "however not piece of the standard, its reality was recognized yet not supported.”7" PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD- “The Hindu Khajuraho sanctuaries, popular for their sexual figures, contain a few portrayals of gay movement.”8 History specialists have since quite a while ago contended that pre-pioneer Indian culture didn't condemn same-sex connections, nor did it view such relations as improper or corrupt. Hinduism has customarily depicted homosexuality as characteristic and cheerful, however a few writings do contain directives against homosexuality in particular among ministers. Al-Biruni composed that Hindus enormously objected to homosexuality. EARLY MODERN PERIOD- “During the Mughal Empire, some of the previous Delhi Sultanate laws were joined into the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri, commanding a typical arrangement of disciplines 7 Devdutt Pttanaik 8 Khajuraho
Recommended publications
  • Letter from the Executive Board

    Letter from the Executive Board

    LETTER FROM THE EXECUTIVE BOARD Dear Parliamentarians, At the outset on behalf of the Executive Board , We extend a warm welcome to all of you and congratulate you on being a part of the Amity University Madhya Pradesh Model United Nations 2019 . The committee being simulated at the institute , would like most other simulations of Indian committee will focus on political intellect and analytical application of thoughts and strategic application of thoughts in resolving impending politically sensitive bilateral issues. Kindly note , we are not looking for existing solutions , or statements that would be an exact copy paste of what the portfolio you are representing have already stated; Instead we seek an out of the box solution from you, while knowing and understanding your impending political and ideological limitations. This introductory guide would be as abstract as possible, and would just give you a basic perspective on what you can expect from the committee and areas wherein which you research should be focused at this given point in time. Given, the extremely political and volatile nature of this committee, your presence of mind and politico-analytical aptitude is something which we at the executive board would be looking to test. That being said, kindly do not limit your research to the areas highlighted further but ensure that you logically deduce and push your research to areas associated with the issued mentioned. We are sure however that this background guide gives you a perfect launching pad to start with your research. Wishing you all a very warm good luck and hoping to see you all at this conference discussing imperative issues of national trust.
  • Invisibility Amplified: a Report on the Impact of COVID-19 on Intersex Community in Asia” Authored by Prashant Singh and Hiker Chiu

    Invisibility Amplified: a Report on the Impact of COVID-19 on Intersex Community in Asia” Authored by Prashant Singh and Hiker Chiu

    1 Invisibility Amplified Prashant Singh A Report on the impact of COVID-19 on intersex community in Asia Insights from Intersex Asia's COVID-19 Urgent Fund 2020 This report is a part of a global study on the situation of intersex people and their families in times of COVID-19, initiated by OII Europe and conducted by the International Intersex Community in different regions of the world. The global report will be published in 2021. Authored by: Prashant Singh, Coordinator, Intersex Asia Hiker Chiu, Executive Director, Intersex Asia Questionnaire developed by: Irene Kuzemko, OII Europe Proofreading: Dan Christian Ghattas, Irene Kuzemko Proofreading of the questionnaire: HiKer Chiu, Esan Regmi, Jeff Cagandahan, Gopi Shankar Madurai, Asa Senja Quantitative analyses of findings: Prashant Singh, Irene Kuzemko Please reference as follows: Intersex Asia (2021) Prashant Singh, “Invisibility Amplified: A Report on the impact of COVID-19 on intersex community in Asia” Authored by Prashant Singh and Hiker Chiu Available from: www.intersexasia.org Table of Contents Introduction 1 Methodology 2 Limits of the Survey 5 Findings from COVID-19 Survey 6 Intersectional Realities and Aggravated Challenges 6 Areas of life affected due to the Covid-19 pandemic 7 Access to Healthcare 9 Mental Health and Wellbeing 12 Role of Local Organisations 15 Housing 16 Finance 17 Travel and Well Being 23 Education 25 Safety 26 Internet Access 28 Conclusion and way forward 29 Introduction The Covid-19 pandemic is continuing to severely impact people around the world socially and economically since early 2020. Intersex people in Asia, as a marginalized community, faced even worse impacts.
  • Intersex Asia Annual Report 2019

    Intersex Asia Annual Report 2019

    INTERSEX ASIA ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Intersex Asia Annual Report 2019 1 INTERSEX ASIA ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Proposed Citation: Intersex Asia (2020). Intersex Asia Annual Report 2019., Bangkok, Thailand. Copyright © Intersex Asia 2020 Intersex Asia Network (IA) Alma Link Building Floor 17, Suite 15 25 Soi Chitlom, Ploenchit Road, Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand Design by Intersex Asia. Email [email protected] Website intersexasia.org Facebook Intersex Asia Twitter @IntersexAsia Instagram @intersexasia Contents Message from IA Board page 2 Executive Summary page 3 2019 Strategic Objectives and Outcomes page 18 Key Challenges page 20 Key Learnings page 21 Intersex Asia Finances page 23 Funds Available to Intersex Asia in 2019 in Thai Baht page 23 Expenses by Category in 2019 page 24 Intersex Asia’s Board and Staff in 2019 page 25 Board page 25 Staff page 25 Support for 2019 page 26 Donors page 26 Member Organisations page 27 Allies page 27 Intersex Asia Annual Report 2019 1 As we present our first annual report, we are filled with Message nostalgia for our early years of activism and hope for the future. Establishing Intersex Asia (IA) has been a journey full of invaluable lessons, relationships, people and dreams for all of us. Right from its inception in from IA 2018, the mission of IA has been to serve as a support system for intersex people in Asia. We are committed to strengthening the intersex human rights movement, Board contribute to national, regional and global lawmaking on intersex issues, generating educational material and strive to play a key role in integrating research and policy on intersex issues.
  • Creating Inclusive Workplaces for LGBT Employees in India

    Creating Inclusive Workplaces for LGBT Employees in India

    "In a time when India is seeing a lot of positive changes that will shape the future of its LGBTQ citizens, Community Business has come out with a splendid guide which is not only comprehensive, but also deals with issues that are very specific to India in a well researched manner. Today, in 2012, it is very essential for corporates based in India to come out of the illusion that they have no LGBTQ employees on board, and create a positive environment for them to come out in. I definitely suggest every Corporate HR, Talent Acquisition, and D&I team should read the 'Creating Inclusive Workplaces for LGBT Employees in India' resource guide while shaping policies that help create a more inclusive and supportive work environment for all.” Tushar M, Operations Head (India) Equal India Alliance For more information on Equal India Alliance go to: www.equalindiaalliance.org Creating Inclusive “The business case for LGBT inclusion in India is real and gaining momentum. India plays an increasingly vital role in our global economy. Creating safe and equal workplaces is essential for both its LGBT employees and India’s continued Workplaces for economic success. Community Business’ LGBT Resource Guide for India provides an invaluable tool for businesses in India to stay competitive on the global stage – and be leaders for positive change there.” LGBT Employees Selisse Berry, Founding Executive Director Out & Equal Workplace Advocates For more information on Out & Equal Workplace Advocates go to: www.OutandEqual.org in India “Stonewall has been working for gay people’s equality since 1989. Our Diversity Champions programme works with the employers of over ten million people globally improving the working environment for LGB people.
  • AMERICAN COLLEGE JOURNAL of ENGLISH LANGUAGE and LITERATURE ( an International Refereed Research Journal of English Language and Literature )

    AMERICAN COLLEGE JOURNAL of ENGLISH LANGUAGE and LITERATURE ( an International Refereed Research Journal of English Language and Literature )

    Number 2 March 2013 ISSN: 2278 876X AMERICAN COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE ( An international refereed research journal of English Language and Literature ) Postgraduate and Research Department of English American College Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India ©ACJELL 2012 American College journal of English Language and Literature is published once a year. All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form and by any means without prior permission from the Editor, ACJELL, Postgraduate and Research Department of English, American College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. ISSN: 1725 2278 876X Annual Subscription International: US $ 20 India Rs.500 Cheques/ Demand Drafts may be made from any nationalized bank in favour of “The Editor, ACJELL,” Postgraduate and Research Department of English, American College payable at Madurai. To OUR FORMER PROFESSORS Who thought differently taught effectively & built the Department of English The city on a Hill EDITORIAL BOARD Dr. STANLEY MOHANDOSS STEPHEN (Editor- in- Chief) Head, Postgraduate And Research Department Of English American College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India Dr. FRANCIS JARMAN Hildesheim University, Germany Dr. SUNDARSINGH Head, Dept. Of English, Karunya University, Coimbatore Dr. PREMILA PAUL Associate Professor, American College, Madurai Dr. DOMINIC SAVIO, Associate Professor, American College, Madurai EDITORIAL “A journal is sustained by the citations it receives” said Dr. Kalyani Mathivanan, Vice –Chancellor of Madurai- Kamaraj University, while releasing the first issue of ACJELL in September 2012. The seed is sown. We wait in silence for it to sprout. ` Out of the forty five articles received for publication, the reviewers have selected thirty four. Of these, twenty two are on Literature and twelve on Language.
  • Lack of Human Rights for LGBT. (Gautami Seth)

    Lack of Human Rights for LGBT. (Gautami Seth)

    www.whiteblacklegal.co.in ISSN: 2581-8503 VOLUME 2 : ISSUE 7 || MARCH 2021 || Email: [email protected] Website: www.whiteblacklegal.co.in 1 www.whiteblacklegal.co.in ISSN: 2581-8503 DISCLAIMER No part of this publication may be reproduced or copied in any form by any means without prior written permission of Editor-in-chief of White Black Legal – The Law Journal. The Editorial Team of White Black Legal holds the copyright to all articles contributed to this publication. The views expressed in this publication are purely personal opinions of the authors and do not reflect the views of the Editorial Team of White Black Legal. Though all efforts are made to ensure the accuracy and correctness of the information published, White Black Legal shall not be responsible for any errors caused due to oversight or otherwise. 2 www.whiteblacklegal.co.in ISSN: 2581-8503 EDITORIAL TEAM EDITOR IN CHIEF Name - Mr. Varun Agrawal Consultant || SUMEG FINANCIAL SERVICES PVT.LTD. Phone - +91-9990670288 Email - [email protected] EDITOR Name - Mr. Anand Agrawal Consultant|| SUMEG FINANCIAL SERVICES PVT.LTD. EDITOR (HONORARY) Name - Smt Surbhi Mittal Manager || PSU EDITOR(HONORARY) Name - Mr Praveen Mittal Consultant || United Health Group MNC EDITOR Name - Smt Sweety Jain Consultant||SUMEG FINANCIAL SERVICES PVT.LTD. EDITOR Name - Mr. Siddharth Dhawan Core Team Member || Legal Education Awareness Foundation 3 www.whiteblacklegal.co.in ISSN: 2581-8503 ABOUT US WHITE BLACK LEGAL is an open access, peer-reviewed and refereed journal provide dedicated to express views on topical legal issues, thereby generating a cross current of ideas on emerging matters.
  • Silmarillion’ OO Brain Games! OO Comics! Humour and More!

    Silmarillion’ OO Brain Games! OO Comics! Humour and More!

    Lettitor Cheers to that, I guess o we’ve made it a full 26 issues and So, again, here we are. their plate—but the thought of signing answers when it comes to the Other Press. SI’ve yet to spend a Lettitor entirely When I was a young, eager contributor off with the exact same little phrase each What I do know, however, after spending devoted to explaining my sign off. at this paper, full of spirit and half- week was what was terrifying to me. some time in all these different newsrooms, It seems to be an ongoing tradition baked humour article ideas, I noticed When I realized I was in line for the and around all these various writers, is that here at the Other Press for the Editor- that the Lettitors prefacing each and job, panic quickly sunk in. How do I go one thing remains constant: Journalists can in-Chief to, at some point in their year- every issue always had a sign off by the about finding the proper sign-off? Would it appreciate a cold drink after a long day. long tenure, dedicate a entire article reigning Editor-in-Chief. I decided to be plagiarism to use Kurt Vonenegut’s “So So I left it at that. Short, simple, and to that very topic… so here we are. do some digging and found that, while it goes,” even though an Editor-In-Chief occasionally sweet (though sometimes I don’t know if it’s simply a product of they differed depending on what editor had used it three years prior? (Looking at bitter if you happen to be a fan of IPAs), just a past captain of this printed ship drawing had been in the byline, they remained you, Jacey.) Is this seriously something I like a good piece of journalism should be.
  • The Human Rights Communiqué Your Monthly Dose on Human Rights 2222(N Ewsletter for Centre for Advanced Studies in Human Rights, Rgnul, Punjab)

    The Human Rights Communiqué Your Monthly Dose on Human Rights 2222(N Ewsletter for Centre for Advanced Studies in Human Rights, Rgnul, Punjab)

    THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMUNIQUÉ YOUR MONTHLY DOSE ON HUMAN RIGHTS 2222(N EWSLETTER FOR CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES IN HUMAN RIGHTS, RGNUL, PUNJAB) October 2014 PATRON – IN – CHIEF: • Prof. (Dr.) Paramjit S. Jaswal Vice – Chancellor, RGNUL, Punjab PATRON: • Prof. (Dr.) G.I.S. Sandhu Registrar, RGNUL, Punjab EDITORIAL BOARD KASHMIR CONFLICT VISVIS----ÀÀÀÀ----VISVIS SCOTLAND CHIEF EDITOR: REFERENDUM • Dr.Shilpa Jain The people of Scotland voted, in an historic vote, by 55% to 47% voted in favour of retention as a part of the United Kingdom. Upon the passage of the Scotland Referendum Act of 2013, the United STUDENT EDITORS : Kingdom conducted a referendum in 300 years in order to determine the future of Scotland. • Ms. Shelly Mittal Currently, the United Kingdom of Great Britain includes England, Wales, Scotland and some parts of Ireland. • Mr. Dharav Shah Another political development occurred in the month of September in the Asian Subcontinent while • Mr. Sourabh referendum was held in Scotland. The age old conflict between India and Pakistan was renewed when the Indian Government stalled talks between the Foreign Secretaries of both nations owing to Pakistan holding talks with Separatist Leaders of Kashmir and India’s persistent objections to the GRAPHICDESIGNER: same. In further course of development, there has been constant cease fire violation by Pakistan at • Mr. SarasMuzumdar Line of Control (L.O.C); biggest violations in the aftermath of the 1999 Indo – Pak War (Kargil War.) A parallel can be drawn between the referendum in Scotland and Kashmir Conflict between India and Pakistan. The essence of connection lies in the United Nations Resolution 47/1948 which calls for CASIHR COMMITTEE: holding of free, fair and independent plebiscite which would ultimately determine the fate of the • Ms.
  • MOSAIC Had the Pleasure to Speak with Activist Gopi Shankar Madurai

    MOSAIC Had the Pleasure to Speak with Activist Gopi Shankar Madurai

    MOSAIC had the pleasure to speak with activist Gopi Shankar Madurai moments after the announcement on India's Supreme Court decriminalizing Section 377 of the Penal Code. This is what he had to say: MOSAIC: Tell us how you're feeling right now. Gopi Shankar Madurai: It's such an emotional moment. I'm happy we're on the right side of "Herstory" of India. This is dedicated to people who lost their lives. People who were victimized by this law. 377 was a colonialist law. We are not Britain. We are India now. Colonialist laws are still part of Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and other Commonwealth countries. I hope they follow and work to change them. This is a baby step. I hope it paves the way for other civil rights. Activists can now ask for same-sex marriage. That's our next step as activists. The transgender community in India has experienced more inclusivity due to their representation in our temples, culture, and transgender Gods. We want the same for the LGB community and full and equal rights for the LBGTIQ+ community. M: You've had threats in the past, are you fearing any backlash after this victory? GSM: The media, politicians giving interviews have all been positive. I meet people, activists - India is rejoicing. We are a diverse country of many languages, many religions. This is our diversity. Our supreme court has revised Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code. We've stopped applying this law to consensual sex. Also, Men who are rape victims can now come forward to file their cases without fear like they had before.
  • International Anti-LGBT Legislation: How Nationalistic Cultural Warfare Supports Political Motivations

    International Anti-LGBT Legislation: How Nationalistic Cultural Warfare Supports Political Motivations

    International Anti-LGBT Legislation: How Nationalistic Cultural Warfare Supports Political Motivations Emily E. Holley* I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 179 II. BACKGROUND .................................................................................. 181 A. Russia ............................................................................... 181 B. Nigeria .............................................................................. 184 C. Uganda .............................................................................. 186 D. India .................................................................................. 189 E. Global Progress for LGBT Rights .................................... 191 F. Global Backlash ................................................................ 193 III. PROOF OF MY CLAIM ....................................................................... 193 A. Progress—Equality or Politics? ........................................ 193 B. Backlash ........................................................................... 194 C. Public Opinion—Influenced and Influential .................... 197 D. Anti-Western Sentiment ................................................... 199 E. Societal and Global Impact of Anti-LGBT Legislation ........................................................................ 200 IV. CONCLUSION .................................................................................... 201 I. INTRODUCTION Recent laws criminalizing
  • Economic and Social Council

    Economic and Social Council

    UNITED NATIONS E Economic and Social Distr. Council GENERAL E/CN.4/2004/56/Add.1 23 March 2004 ENGLISH/FRENCH/SPANISH ONLY COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Sixtieth session Item 11 (a) of the provisional agenda CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS, INCLUDING THE QUESTIONS OF: TORTURE AND DETENTION Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment Report of the Special Rapporteur, Theo van Boven Addendum Summary of information, including individual cases, transmitted to Governments and replies received* * The present document is being circulated in the languages of submission only as it greatly exceeds the page limitations currently imposed by the relevant General Assembly resolutions. GE.04-12267 E/CN.4/2004/56/Add.1 page 2 Contents Paragraphs Page Introduction………….…………………………………………… 1-4 5 General remarks………….……………………………………… 5-8 5 Summary of cases transmitted and replies received………….……………………. 9-1976 6 Albania………………………………………………................... 9-19 6 Algeria…………………………………………………………… 20-32 8 Angola……………………………………………………….…… 33-59 11 Argentina………………………………………………………… 60-71 14 Australia......................................................................................... 72 17 Austria…………………………………………………………… 73 18 Azerbaijan...................................................................................... 74-119 18 Bahrain………………………………………………………… 120-122 25 Bangladesh………………………………………………………. 123-139 25 Belarus…………………………………………………………… 140 29 Belgium………………………………………………………….. 141-155 29 Belize…………………………………………………………….. 156 32 Bolivia……………………………………………………………
  • First National Intersex Human Rights Conference

    First National Intersex Human Rights Conference

    TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page Message from Srishti Madurai 1 Program Schedule 2-4 Concept Note 5-7 Keynote Address 8-14 Key Conference Takeaways 15-27 Way Forward 28 Brief: Information Toolkit- ‘Intersex Human Rights in 29 India’ Profile of Speakers 30-32 Press Release 33-34 Press Coverage 35-36 MESSAGE FROM SRISHTI MADURAI The First National Intersex Human Rights Conference took place in Delhi on 22 December 2019 and provided a space for conversations that transcend traditional disciplines and connect stakeholders across the board. In a year which saw several positive developments with regard to protection of intersex human rights, it was extremely encouraging for us to receive the support of participants who showed interest to engage on this critical issue. The conference was attended by significant number of intersex persons from India and abroad. We were delighted to host parents of intersex infants and children in the conference. The attendees were also joined by few intersex persons who are not open about their identity. Srishti Madurai received over 200 registration applications through the Google form. Owing to privacy and safety concerns of few intersex infants/parents, participants and speakers, we were compelled to restrict the number of participants to 60. Consequently, and regrettably, some applicants who wished to attend from different parts of the country could not participate. From our end, we made the best possible effort to accommodate as many participants as possible. We hope that this conference marks a new chapter in the journey of intersex human rights in India. At Srishti Madurai, we will continue our efforts with renewed energy to create a space for intersex people, despite the many barriers before us.