DOCSLIB.ORG

1 Horace, His Poetry, Maecenas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1 Horace, His Poetry, Maecenas 1 Horace, his Poetry, Maecenas 1.1 General Introduction The focus of this book is on Horace’s Sermones book 1 (S.1), which he wrote between 38 – 35 B.C., when, after the death of Julius Caesar, the Republic came to an end and the transition to the Principate commenced.1 S.1 is part of Horace’s early work that he started at the age between twenty-two and twenty-seven.2 Some three to four years later in 39 or 38 B.C. he joined the circle of Maecenas, and from that time Horace lived and worked in the highly political ambience of the Roman social elite, near the centre of power. It is likely that in those early years of his association with Maecenas Horace was not close to, for example, Octavian, but members of the circle of Maecenas may have stimulated his interest in socio-political matters as a number of the first book’s sermones testify. Both the discussion about his views on socio-political issues and his self-presentation are not public ones, as he regularly asserts, but take place with his associates of the circle of Maecenas, which also explains his choice of the name Sermones (conversations or discussions). For example, when he mentions in S.1.3.52- 53 some of the characteristics of friendship he phrases those in words that can be seen as relating to discussions: outspoken (liber), frank and courageous (simplex fortisque), sharp (acer). He also affirms particularly in S.1.3.139-140 (dulces amici) his gratitude for being accepted in Maecenas’ circle, and in S.1.5.39-44 his appreciation of being with his friends in an intellectual milieu in which he feels comfortable, members of Philodemus’ Epicurean group.3 He speaks highly of Maecenas and his circle in S.1.9.48-53, and of course in S.1.10.81-90. We will see in the course of this study that Horace reveals his adhesion to Philodemus’ tenets at several places. He follows for example closely Philodemus’ writings in his handbook Περὶ παρρησίας (On Frank Criticism) in S.1.4.132-133 (liber amicus), when he mentions criticism among friends. My working assumption is that at the time Horace’s intention was to become an observer of and commentator on contemporary political issues, in addition to the writing of poetry differing in content and in genre. I postulate that Horace prepares himself in S.1 for his future role as political commentator. The efforts of the political 1 I use the word Sermones because this title is an appropriate representation of Horace’s intentions, more so than the title of Satires. The use of the title of Sermones conforms to Horsfall (1981, 108): “none is therefore adequate evidence for the independent titulature of Horace’s Sermones as ‘Satires’.” See also section 2.1, where I discuss more fully my arguments for using the title of Sermones. For reasons of consistency, I will also use the Latin titles for all works quoted. In the case of Horace the books of Carmina, Epodi, Epistulae, Ars Poetica and Carmen Saeculare. 2 Although the events described in S.1.7 probably refer to 43 or 42 B.C., it is unlikely that the poem was written at that time. I will argue in my discussion of the poem that it was likely fictitious and written after Horace joined the circle of Maecenas. 3 Conform Gowers (2012, 130): “simplex responds to liber (both refer to verbal candour).” Open Access. © 2019 Leendert Weeda, published by Sciendo. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. https://doi.org/10.2478/9783110642636-002 2 Horace, his Poetry, Maecenas commentator in statu nascendi in S.1 are primarily on the personal issue of his trustworthiness with Maecenas after his miscalculation joining Brutus. After all, he could just as well have been a Pompeian, as many survivors of Philippi joined Sextus Pompey. S.1 is, as it were, a collection of his credentials for Maecenas. Self- presentation being an element of S.1 is not unique to this author. For example, Gowers (2012, 1) states on the opening page of the introduction to her commentary on S.1, that it is also a unique cultural document, a blueprint for how to survive in uncertain times and an individual view of one man’s formation and emergence on the cusp between republic and empire. [...] Horace’s unassuming manner and easy self-presentation are harder these days to take at face value. The casual indirection and changing cast of characters are interpreted as tools for a sophisticated process of generic positioning [by Horace]. Gowers’ reference to S.1 as “a blueprint for how to survive in uncertain times” and her (2012, 2) observation that “it can still be fruitful to treat the account [S.1] as oblique ‘autobiography’, contrived and partial, like so many autobiographies: the self- presentation of a man from nowhere” prompted me to explore in detail whether the focus of S.1 could be self-presentation within the context of Horace’s efforts to find a safe environment at this crucial stage of his life. Thus, the seeds of my understanding were already present in the scholarly literature, but I did not find any study that reads, as I do, S.1 consistently as a work in which Horace explains his past and gives a self-presentation for the benefit of his future. He also explores the characteristics of writing commentary poetry, which is not limited only to the genre of satire, and addresses in detail the issue as to how to deliver his future critical messages to different audiences. In the case of S.1, I will be looking for political content differing from the usual form. In addition to Horace’s relatively few obvious political pronouncements in the book – such as his opinions on contemporary issues, political statements, or references to political actors – I search in particular for a more concealed political content, that is the result of his efforts to find his place within his new milieu of the associates of Maecenas. Much of the scholarly literature is a good starting point for the purpose of uncovering the concealed content, but it is often not sufficient. Research of classical texts is often carried out from the perspective of a literary frame, where the scholar investigates the literary objectives of ancient authors: the latter are supposed to create a literary continuity with their paragon by referring to predecessors. But, ancient authors may also have been inspired by objectives other than purely literary ones, namely by functional objectives. I take full account of the results of the many studies within the literary frame, but I deliberately examine the poems within the historical socio-political context for themes that illustrate the poem’s political scope and thus add new facets to the debate of the poems’ meaning. Therefore, I analysed S.1 within, what I call, a functional frame. This starts from the notion that a poet may have two objectives, and therefore works within two frames of mind, at the same time creating both a literary and a functional poetic output, the latter being more latent General Introduction 3 than the first. In the functional frame, which I believe is Horace’s primary orientation, his main purpose is to deliver a specific political objective, namely his credentials. He achieves this by raising socio-political issues or describing contemporary events with a political relevance that are recognized by Maecenas, enabling the latter to judge the worth of Horace. In my study of Virgil’s political commentary (Weeda, 2015), I introduced the notion of a functional model that opens many new perspectives of the poet’s intentions and runs next to the literary model. I will explain the idea of the two models further in section 1.2. One scholar pointed out to me that applying to Horace’s earliest work the same formula as I used in my book on Virgil’s political commentary may be “tricky.” He argues that the Aeneis glorifying the gens Iulia and celebrating Roman greatness is manifestly political, and that “the same cannot be said of Horatian satire, which in many ways adheres to the Epicurean maxim ‘live unknown’,” and that Horatian satire is less political than the Aeneis. Some scholars advanced a similar argument comparing Virgil’s Eclogae and the Aeneis: the former was seen to be less political than the latter. At most five of the ten eclogae were considered having political content. Yet, I analyzed the Eclogae from a functional perspective, which yielded some interesting new insights. Contrary to the above view, I (2015, 83-84) concluded that Virgil gives commentary on contemporary political and social matters in each and every ecloga. 4 For example, I suggest that Mopsus in Ecl.8.26, who is generally seen as a shepherd and to whom the girl Nysa was given (Mopso Nysa datur), symbolizes a newcomer in the countryside, most likely a veteran soldier to whom a piece of land was given after Philippi, bringing Ecl.8 within the category of political poems about the destruction of rural communities.5 Ecl.10 also contains an important functional reference. By 4 For the political themes in Virgil’s Eclogae, see Weeda (2015, 54-84); Weeda & van der Poel (2016). Seven Eclogae concern directly the expropriations: 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Virgil refers especially to the expropriations and the expulsions in the Mantua region in Eclogae 1, 6, 9 and 10.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Horace - Poems
    Classic Poetry Series Horace - poems - Publication Date: 2012 Publisher: Poemhunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive Horace(8 December 65 BC – 27 November 8 BC) Quintus Horatius Flaccus, known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus. The rhetorician Quintillian regarded his Odes as almost the only Latin lyrics worth reading, justifying his estimate with the words: "He can be lofty sometimes, yet he is also full of charm and grace, versatile in his figures, and felicitously daring in his choice of words." Horace also crafted elegant hexameter verses (Sermones and Epistles) and scurrilous iambic poetry (Epodes). The hexameters are playful and yet serious works, leading the ancient satirist Persius to comment: "as his friend laughs, Horace slyly puts his finger on his every fault; once let in, he plays about the heartstrings". Some of his iambic poetry, however, can seem wantonly repulsive to modern audiences. His career coincided with Rome's momentous change from Republic to Empire. An officer in the republican army that was crushed at the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC, he was befriended by Octavian's right-hand man in civil affairs, Maecenas, and became something of a spokesman for the new regime. For some commentators, his association with the regime was a delicate balance in which he maintained a strong measure of independence (he was "a master of the graceful sidestep") but for others he was, in < a href="http://www.poemhunter.com/john-henry-dryden/">John Dryden's</a> phrase, "a well-mannered court slave".
    [Show full text]
  • V.S. Lectures, No. 89 HORACE's VIRGIL Summary of a Lecture
    - 13 - V.S. Lectures, No. 89 HORACE’S VIRGIL Summary of a lecture delivered to the Virgil Society 23rd November 1968 by Prof. L.A. Moritz, M.A., D.Phil. It can be established on various grounds that the Vergilius to whom Hor.Od.iv.12 (lam veris comites) is addressed must, after all, be the poet Virgil. But the question then arises how Horace could have published this poem, with its mixture of elegiac description of spring and jocular invitation to his friend and fellow-poet, six years after the latter's death. This question in turn raises the wider problem of how Augustan poets addressed each other in their published work when they had the opportunity. Elsewhere in the Odes (i.3 and i.24) Virgil, though established as a poet in the Satires, is neither the poet nor the fellow-member of Maecenas's circle, but simply the friend. When Varius Rufus (i.6 ), Iullus Antonius (iv.2), and Asinius Pollio (ii.l) are addressed as poets, or when Pollio (ibid.) and Maecenas (ii.12) are addressed as historians, Horace is concerned with the public nature of their work rather than with any private relationship, and Tibullus in i-33 is primarily the unhappy lover rather than the elegist. But while in the Carmina (as opposed to the Sermones) there is no explicit reference to Virgil's poetry, both the Carmen Saeculare and the fourth book of Odes are so full of echoes of the Aeneid, both in "public" and in less public poems, that they may rank as Horace's monuments to Virgil, even though nothing is said of Virgil the poet.
    [Show full text]
  • THE SECOND BOOK of LETTERS Hans-Christian Günther 1
    THE SECOND BOOK OF LETTERS Hans-Christian Günther Abstract: The second book of Epistles speaks of poetological themes in two very long compositions, as does the Ars Poetica. The analysis of both letters (to Florus and Augustus) pays strict attention to the coherence of the train of thought and its relevance to the alleged epistolary situation and tries to show how Horace de nes the role of poetry, of his poetry, in particular, in contemporary society. Keywords: poetry and politics, poetological poetry 1. The Second Book of Letters and Horace’s ‘Sptwerk’ As we know more about the real person of Horace than about any other great poet of classical antiquity we also know much more about his devel- opment as an artist, his artistic self-consciousness and self-awareness. No other poet of antiquity comments so much on his own work, no other poet bequeathed to us such a large corpus of self-interpretation. It seems trivial to insist on these facts again, yet, I feel I must do so, because well-known as it is, this aspect of Horace’s work is far from being appreciated as poignantly as it should. On the contrary, it seems to me that this exceptional trait of Horace’s poetry is not seen in proper perspective, because everything today is interpreted as metapoetry; thus, the reservoir that Horace’s exceptionally explicit, detailed, and penetrating self-interpretation holds for understand- ing his poetry is far from being exploited. The awareness of his own self as a poet that Horace displays in his poetry is indivisible from the supreme self-awareness, evident in the autobiographical dimension of his work as sketched above in the introductory chapter on Horace’s biography.1 This Horatian self-awareness is of crucial importance for the understanding of Horace’s late work; in fact, Horace is the rst poet of European literature whose ‘Spätwerk’ we can isolate on the evidence of what the poet says him- self about his poetic iter.2 1 Above, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper 10: Module No 04: E Text
    Paper 10: Module No 04: E Text MHRD-UGC ePG Pathshala - English Principal Investigator & Affiliation: Prof. Tutun Mukherjee, University of Hyderabad Paper No & Title: Literary Criticism and Theory (Paper 10) Paper Coordinator & Affiliation: Dr. Anita Bhela, Delhi College of Arts and Commerce, University of Delhi Module Number & Title: Criticism in the Classical Antiquity: Longinus, Horace (04) Content Writer's Name & Affiliation: Mr. Lalit Kumar, University of Delhi Name & Affiliation of Content Reviewer Dr. Anita Bhela, Delhi College of Arts and Commerce, University of Delhi Name & Affiliation of Content Editor: Dr. Anita Bhela, Delhi College of Arts and Commerce, University of Delhi Criticism in Greco-Roman Culture: an Introduction The word criticism springs from the Greek word krisis, which had various meanings in the classical antiquity including ‘separation’, ‘selection’ and ‘judgement’. All these meanings were central to the decisions taken in courts and poetic contests, which were popular forms of literary practices prevalent across various city states of Greece. (Day 10) Since the inception of literature and literary criticism then [though Greeks did not have a word for literature] readers needed to separate, judge and select from a plethora of plays and poetry available to them. The ‘bad Poetry’ that could have potentially amoral impact on the readers was to be separated from the ‘good poetry’. Plato did the job of putting an end to the crisis of readers by separating the chaff from the grain and argued that in the ideal ‘republic’ children should hear only good fables, not the bad ones. He offered a trenchant critique of the anthropomorphism of Gods, championed and institutionalized by Homer and Hesiod.
    [Show full text]
  • «Prometheus» 45, 2019, 175-181 CAESAR's VENI VIDI VICI AND
    «Prometheus» 45, 2019, 175-181 CAESAR’S VENI VIDI VICI AND PLUTARCH In two papers, published in 2010 and 2012 respectively, and sub- sequently taken up, with minor changes, in his 2014 book Plutarch and his Roman Readers1, Philip A. Stadter contends that both the quotation from Horace2 and the mention and appraisal of Cicero’s Lucullus3 contained in Plutarch’s Life of Lucullus proceed from a direct reading of the two Roman writers rather than from second-hand knowledge. Though this position differs from the opinion more commonly held, it must be admitted that Stadter pleads his case with plausible arguments, though of course insufficient to attain certainty, as he himself is ready to admit4. The purpose of this paper, however, is not to discuss this matter. At the end of the second of these essays Stadter adds an appendix entitled Plutarch’s Aesthetic Appreciation of Latin, treating the same problems discussed in a paper of mine published some years earlier5. Contrary to my contention, and to the opinion of most scholars, Stadter maintains that Plutarch’s renouncing to compare Demosthenes and Cicero as orators for being avowedly unqualified to assess the stylistic merits achieved by Cicero in Latin, preceded by the remark about his having started to 1 P.A. Stadter, Plutarch’s Latin Reading: the Case of Cicero’s Lucullus, in: L. Van der Stockt, F. Titchener, H.G. Ingenkamp, A. Pérez Jiménez (eds.), Gods, Daimones, Rituals, Myths and History of Religions in Plutarch’s Works. Studies Devoted to Professor Frederik E. Brenk by the International Plutarch Society, Logan Utah 2010, 407-418; P.A.
    [Show full text]
  • I Horace and the Greek Lyric Tradition a Thesis Submitted to the Miami University Honors Program in Partial Fulfillment Of
    Horace and the Greek Lyric Tradition A thesis submitted to the Miami University Honors Program in partial fulfillment of the requirements for University Honors with Distinction by Anne Rekers Reidmiller May 2005 Oxford, Ohio i ABSTRACT HORACE AND THE GREEK LYRIC TRADITION by Anne Rekers Reidmiller Although the Roman poet Horace (65 – 8 BCE) is well known for his celebration of distinctively Roman and specifically Augustan themes, he was also heavily influenced by the traditions of Greek lyric poetry, particularly in the creation of his four books of Odes. This thesis uses close readings of selected poems from Horace, Sappho, Alcaeus, and Archilochus to examine the complex relationship between Horace and the Greek lyric poets who inspired him. The first section of this thesis establishes the claims that Horace himself makes about his relationship to the Greek poets through an examination of several poems in which he reflects on his status as a lyric poet. The second and third sections consist of comparative analysis in which poems of Horace are set against selections of Greek lyric. In the second section, this analysis is focused on the appearance of the personal voice or lyric ‘I’ in Horace’s poetry and in Greek lyric. In the third section, the focus shifts to the use of the lyric addressee, an aspect of the occasion or “moment” for which a poem is supposedly written. The conclusion applies these comparative arguments to a re- evaluation of Horace’s own claims, arriving at an assessment of Horace’s lyric achievement which suggests the necessity for a re-evaluation of Greek lyric as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Prometheus» 45, 2019, 175-181 CAESAR's VENI VIDI VICI
    «Prometheus» 45, 2019, 175-181 CAESAR’S VENI VIDI VICI AND PLUTARCH In two papers, published in 2010 and 2012 respectively, and sub- sequently taken up, with minor changes, in his 2014 book Plutarch and his CORE Roman Readers1, Philip A. Stadter contends that both the quotationMetadata, citationfrom and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Firenze University Press: E-JournalsHorace2 and the mention and appraisal of Cicero’s Lucullus3 contained in Plutarch’s Life of Lucullus proceed from a direct reading of the two Roman writers rather than from second-hand knowledge. Though this position differs from the opinion more commonly held, it must be admitted that Stadter pleads his case with plausible arguments, though of course insufficient to attain certainty, as he himself is ready to admit4. The purpose of this paper, however, is not to discuss this matter. At the end of the second of these essays Stadter adds an appendix entitled Plutarch’s Aesthetic Appreciation of Latin, treating the same problems discussed in a paper of mine published some years earlier5. Contrary to my contention, and to the opinion of most scholars, Stadter maintains that Plutarch’s renouncing to compare Demosthenes and Cicero as orators for being avowedly unqualified to assess the stylistic merits achieved by Cicero in Latin, preceded by the remark about his having started to 1 P.A. Stadter, Plutarch’s Latin Reading: the Case of Cicero’s Lucullus, in: L. Van der Stockt, F. Titchener, H.G. Ingenkamp, A. Pérez Jiménez (eds.), Gods, Daimones, Rituals, Myths and History of Religions in Plutarch’s Works.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of the Countryside in Horace's Odes
    Wesleyan University The Honors College The Foliate Lyre: The Use of the Countryside In Horace's Odes by Andrew Michael Goldstein Class of 2002 A thesis submitted to the faculty of Wesleyan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Departmental Honors in Classics Introduction The tradition oflyric poetry had long been dormant-analyzed and categorized by the Alexandrian bookkeeper-poets, then shuttled away onto a shelf in the form of the Anthology-when Horace breathed new life into the genre with the Odes. In the Odes, Horace awakened the old voices of lyric poetry, the exuberant, spontaneous voices of ancient Greece, and adapted them into a unique genre of Latin lyric that bore his own poetic mark. He revived many of the themes of Greek lyric, retouching them slightly to apply to Roman life in the burgeoning empire of Augustus, but his also added an element of his own. In Greek lyric, themes oflove, war, politics, and the symposium were pervasive and during the centuries when the genre had originally flourished these themes were addressed in subtle and original ways by poets who became famous for their individual voices throughout all Greece. The depiction of the natural world, however, was almost entirely absent from Greek lyric poetry, and when it was addressed in a poem is was merely as a compositional element, a piece of scenery to create a certain atmosphere. More than six hundred years after Archilochus invented lyric poetry on the island of Paros, Horace introduced for the first time a vivid natural world into the genre, an entire rustic landscape with its own inhabitants and values, traditions and beliefs.
    [Show full text]
  • Horace: Poet & Persona
    ���������������������������������������� Horace: Poet & Persona Why should we still read Horace? What does he say to us now? (1) age: the inherent interest of the old, things that are still around after so long a time - the same as the fascination of ancient coins. (2) repute: Horace was esteemed a good poet. In the long span of Latin literature (ca. 3rd cent BC - Renaissance), the most prominent writers included Cicero, Caesar, Catullus, Vergil, Tibullus, Tacitus, Lucan, Seneca, Pliny -- all concentrated in the 1st century BC and AD. But the height of Latin literature was under Augustus (30 BC-14 AD), especially the early part of that Augustan age, and in that period the two poets counted supreme were Vergil and Horace. We have all the poetry Horace published, whereas many ancient writers are represented by only a surviving sample of their work. (3) human interest: in Horace's day Rome dominated a wide empire. In his lifetime, Caesar was assasinated and Augustus became princeps. So when Horace talks of everyday life, he opens a window to that period. (4) message: Horace wrote lyric, but he still has a lesson to teach us today. Horace studied philosophy, but it was practical ethics that most involved him: What constitutes a good life? How do we have a happy life? When Horace was born in Venusia, Apulia, in 65 BC, Cicero was at his peak. Caesar was about 35, campaigning in Gaul, in Horace's youth. Horace writes touchingly in his poetry about his father, a freedman (ex-slave) and auctioneer's agent (a middleman who could make a good deal of money).
    [Show full text]
  • Stephen Harrison, Victorian Horace: Classics and Class
    New England Classical Journal Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 46-49 2018 Stephen Harrison, Victorian Horace: Classics and Class. New York and London: BloomsburyAcademic, 2017. Pp. 217. Cloth (ISBN 978-1-4725-8391-8) $114.00. Daniel Barber Middlesex School Follow this and additional works at: https://crossworks.holycross.edu/necj Recommended Citation Barber, Daniel (2018) "Stephen Harrison, Victorian Horace: Classics and Class. New York and London: BloomsburyAcademic, 2017. Pp. 217. Cloth (ISBN 978-1-4725-8391-8) $114.00.," New England Classical Journal: Vol. 45 : Iss. 1 , 46-49. Available at: https://crossworks.holycross.edu/necj/vol45/iss1/9 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by CrossWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in New England Classical Journal by an authorized editor of CrossWorks. brush aside Livy’s comment about human sacrifices “being highly un-Roman” as simply “an embarrassed whitewashing” (170)? Why (and of what) would Livy be embarrassed if human sacrifices were deemed a pious act of devotion in the age of Augustus, as Stahl seems to argue? In sum, I am not entirely persuaded by some of Stahl’s readings. This study ultimately rests on a rather narrow political interpre- tation of the poem as a mere encomium of Augustus and is too quick to dismiss more complex readings of it as modern and unhistorical concoctions. Yet, Stahl’s new book still has some very valuable insights and raises some important questions. Every Vergilian scholar should read it. Chapter Six (“Before Founding Lavinium, Aeneas Inspects the Site of Rome [Aen.
    [Show full text]
  • Satires" 1 Author(S): Emily Gowers Source: Classical Antiquity, Vol
    Fragments of Autobiography in Horace "Satires" 1 Author(s): Emily Gowers Source: Classical Antiquity, Vol. 22, No. 1 (Apr., 2003), pp. 55-91 Published by: University of California Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25011166 Accessed: 10/08/2009 23:11 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucal. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of California Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Classical Antiquity. http://www.jstor.org EMILY GOWERS Fragments of Autobiography in Horace Satires 1 "When I was a young man, I arrived in Hollywood with very little money, checked into a cheap motel, showered, shaved, then I came here to talk to you."-Tony Curtis, asked by a TV chat show host to sum up his life so far "How one becomes what one is"-subtitle of Nietzsche's Ecce Homo The idea that Horace's Satires 1 is a kind of autobiography is far from being a new one.
    [Show full text]
  • Horace's Odesand Carmen Saeculare
    Horace’s Odes and Carmen Saeculare Horace’s Odes and Carmen Saeculare Introduction, Texts, Translations in the Original Metres and Notes By Simon Preece Horace’s Odes and Carmen Saeculare By Simon Preece This book first published 2021 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2021 by Simon Preece All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-6826-1 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-6826-6 To Dicky ibimus, ibimus CONTENTS Preface ..................................................................................................... viii Introduction ............................................................................................. xiii 1. Horace: The Life of a Poet ............................................................. xiii 2. Aspects of the Odes .................................................................... xxxv 3. On the Translations ...................................................................... lxxv 4. On the Text ................................................................................ lxxxii 5. Further Reading ........................................................................ lxxxvi Texts and Translations
    [Show full text]