The ANU Undergraduate Research Journal Volume Eight, 2016 The ANU Undergraduate Research Journal Volume Eight, 2016 Published by ANU eView The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au Email: [email protected] Web: aurj.anu.edu.au ISSN 1836-5531 (print) ISSN 1837-2872 (online) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Front cover art by Sanne Koelemij, My Mark is a Shape, is an Object, is a Mark, 2015. Photographed by Andy Mullens. Opinions published in The ANU Undergraduate Research Journal do not necessarily represent those of The Australian National University, or the editors. This edition © 2017 ANU eView. Contents Foreword . vii From the editor . ix About the editor . xi About the contributors . xiii Cover art . xix Report on the Undergraduate Awards Global Summit (1) . 1 Jacqueline L .W . Williams Report on the Undergraduate Awards Global Summit (2) . 5 Natalia A . Beghin ANU Student Research Conference: Research paper synopsis . 9 Sachini Muller Gifted underachievement: The causes of gifted underachievement, and interventions to reverse this pattern . 13 Jessy Wu ‘Doing’ masculinity: Enactments of masculinity and manliness in drawings of rifles and bayonets in the Australian Imperial Force, 1914–1918 . 27 Emily Gallagher Biting the bullet: Fixing America’s quiet epidemic of gun suicide . 63 Zackary J . Drury Health-related care for the Neanderthal Shanidar 1 . 83 Laura Kent Rationalising religion: The role of religion and conscience in Australian politics . 93 Jonathan Tjandra An unnecessary hindrance? A critical examination of the appropriateness of statutory limitation periods in Stolen Generations compensation claims . 105 Amelia E . Noble Anzac Parade and our changing narrative of memory . 117 Ian A. Dehlsen Painting beyond the stretcher . 137 Sanne Koelemij Plastic landscapes, plastic identities: Akha identity on the threshold of definition . 145 Kim Carter Full life cycle analysis of Dunhill International cigarettes as produced by British American Tobacco . 157 Robert Sarich Nativism and the poverty of the stimulus: A demanding argument for the ‘innateness’ of language . 169 Domi Dessaix Click, print, fire: 3D printing and the Arms Trade Treaty . 185 Alex Catalán Flores Democracy in a globalised world: Case study of the Gezi Park protests . 199 Maxwell Phillis Developing a framework for the assessment of the Australian research system . 213 Albert Patajo More bang for your buck: Nuclear weapons and their enactment of colonial and gendered power . 237 Jessica A . Urwin Looking east: Vincent van Gogh and Japan . 251 Clive You Foreword The Australian National University (ANU) is consistently ranked among the world’s top universities, and over the past 70 years has grown to become one of the world’s leading research-intensive centres of higher learning. Each year, a large number of undergraduate students from around the world come to the ANU campus to study a broad range of research-led degrees, including single or double degrees and research-intensive degrees. The research produced by ANU is central to the university’s operations in shaping its student educational experience, but also helps inform national and international policy debate. The ANU Undergraduate Research Journal, published annually through ANU Press, provides our exceptional students a platform to share their work with the wider community. Each of the students whose work is published in the ANU Undergraduate Research Journal has had access to extensive research centres, facilities and the talents of our academic staff, who nurture and support them to make discoveries that can help shape our world. I congratulate the authors and editors of the 2016 journal on their outstanding work and contribution to advancing Australia’s research cause. Professor Brian P. Schmidt AC Vice-Chancellor and President The Australian National University vii From the editor When venturing into the depths of your regular library, scuttling between towering shelves of books and running your eyes over the spines in search of your intended tome, it is easy to lose sight of what is really in front of you. Take a step back from the shelf, stand in the aisle and, for a moment, drink in the scale of what you see. Hundreds of books, thousands of authors, millions of words, and countless hours of intellectual labour, which together form a swelling cosmos of arguments and ideas. The largest library in the world, the Library of Congress in the United States, is home to more than 160 million items. The British Library in London comes in at a close second. Combine all the libraries and collections found around the globe, and all the information now being stored in the digital cloud, and you begin to register the mind-boggling ambition of homo sapiens to discover, understand and imagine. Volume Eight of the ANU Undergraduate Research Journal is a humble addition to this vast corpus of human knowledge and endeavour. The articles and reports in this journal have been selected through competitive processes as part of The Australian National University (ANU) Student Research Conference, or been highly commended and ranked in the top 10 per cent of global submissions to the international Undergraduate Awards. Some work that we would like to have included has already been published elsewhere. Each article in its own way is remarkable: the product of many hours of research, writing, editing, proofreading, formatting and thought. As your eyes slip across even a single page, remember how much thought and choice has gone into each and every word built of ancient marks and squiggles so that they can sit in neatly arranged sentences, which together can illumine the thoughts of one person in the hearts and heads of others. The scope and scale of the curiosity of ANU undergraduates is on full display in the range of the disciplines and topics featured in this journal: from a study of the bones of a fated Neanderthal to an evocation of colour and shape. Religion, education, law, science, philosophy and many other fields of inquiry have their moment in the sun. All the authors whose work appears in this journal can justly be proud of the fruits of their curiosity. ix The ANU Undergraduate Research Journal I would like to extend my sincere thanks to everyone whose labours contributed to the publication of this journal, and for the university in their continued support of undergraduate research. I would like to express my particular appreciation to our loyal copyeditor of many years Beth Battrick, our publisher ANU Press and my colleagues in the Student Experience and Career Development office. Daniel McKay AURJ 2016 Editor x About the editor Daniel McKay Daniel recently graduated from The Australian National University (ANU) with a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) and Bachelor of Laws (Honours), both with First Class Honours. His research interests are in global and imperial history with a focus on the relations between Australia and the British Empire. In 2015, he was awarded the Mick Williams Prize in History and the ANU Australia-Britain Society Honours Scholarship. His Honours research was recognised with the NSW History Council’s Max Kelly Medal for a work of excellence in Australian history by a beginning historian. Previously, he has held Summer Research Scholarships at the School of History at ANU and at the University of Queensland. In 2014, he won the History category of the international Undergraduate Awards and attended the Global Summit in Dublin, Ireland. An aspiring historian, he hopes for a career in the service of curiosity and learning. Email: [email protected] xi About the contributors Natalia A . Beghin Natalia is a Master of International Affairs student at The Australian National University (ANU). She holds a Bachelor of Arts with majors in international relations, Mandarin Chinese and political theory. Natalia has studied as a scholarship recipient at Fudan University, Yale University and the University of Manchester. In 2016, Natalia was the overall winner of the International Relations/ Politics category of the international Undergraduate Awards, and was a Highly Commended recipient of both the Economics and Philosophy/Theology categories in 2015. Natalia’s primary research interests include political philosophy, gender- based violence, political economy, peacebuilding and access-to-medicine issues. She hopes to pursue a career in the aid and development sector. Email: [email protected] Kim Carter Kim is currently completing an Honours degree in anthropology at ANU. The paper in this volume explores the relationship between the Thai state and Akha tribe. Her primary areas of academic interest are ethnobotany, intercultural dialogue and the relationship between tribal and indigenous peoples and the state, particularly in areas of policymaking. Email: [email protected] Alex Catalán Flores Alex graduated from ANU in December 2016 with a Bachelor of Laws and a Bachelor of Economics, and was admitted as a lawyer of the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory in June 2017. Over the course of his university studies, Alex developed a keen interest in public international law, and has already published a paper on refugee law with the King’s Student Law Review. Currently, Alex works as a paralegal at the Office of the ACT Director of Public Prosecutions, and volunteers as co-director of communications with Canberra non-government organisation Abundant Water. In 2018, he plans to move back to Latin America to pursue a legal career with an international and humanitarian focus, possibly working within an international organisation or an international judicial body. Email: [email protected] xiii The ANU Undergraduate Research Journal Ian A.