Peloroplites Cedrimontanus Losaurs Called Nodosaurids

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Peloroplites Cedrimontanus Losaurs Called Nodosaurids

Peloroplites belongs to a speci c subgroup of anky- that characterizes the better known Ankylosaurus. Peloroplites cedrimontanus losaurs called nodosaurids. e four-legged, slow Its body was encased in armor bones that formed moving titan was discovered in the Cedar Moun- in the skin much like on the body of crocodiles and tain Formation south of Price, at the north end of alligators. is provided protection against large the San Rafael Swell. is formation represents the Early Cretaceous from about 127 Million to 98 million years ago. is dinosaur weighed about as much as four Mini Coopers. e skeletal remains found include bones from most parts of the skeleton, except for the hind foot. e museum’s skeleton is of one of the largest armored dinosaurs ever found. is quadrupedal dinosaur had short legs and was a slow walker. To Scienti c Name: Peloroplites cedrimontanus protect itself against predators looking for a quick Pronounced: Pel-o-rop-lites lunch, it bristled with spikes. Name Meaning: “monstrous heavy one from Cedar Mountain [Formation]” e front beak is wide so that it could crop low veg- Time Period: 100 Million Years Ago (MYA) at the etation. e teeth and the robust jaws suggest that it end of the Early could chew rather tough plants. It had a huge gut to carnivorous dinosaurs of the time. is monster, lo- Cretaceous cated in the museum, is 23 feet long, 6 1/2 feet tall Length: 23 feet and 6 3/4 feet wide at the hips. Height: 6 1/2 feet Weight: 5 tons Peloroplites lived alongside another armored di- Diet: Herbivore nosaur called Cedarpelta, found at the same site. Places Found: Utah ese armored dinosaurs, along with Animantarx, Discoverer: Prehistoric Museum also from the Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, two species of Gastonia from the Yellow Cat and Ruby Ranch Members, as well as several more as yet unnamed ankylosaurs, make Utah one of the richest places for ankylosaurs. e site that Peloroplites was found also produced 155 East Main Street fossils of a terrestrial turtle, a ying reptile or ptero- Price, Utah saur, four individuals of a new brachiosaurid sau- 435-637-5060 or 800-817-9949 ropod, and an iguanodont ornithopod. Paleontolo- usueastern.edu/museum digest this material. ese dinosaurs had no tail club gists are currently studying these skeletons..

Copy Link

Recommended publications

A New Microvertebrate Assemblage from the Mussentuchit
A new microvertebrate assemblage from the Mussentuchit Member, Cedar Mountain Formation: insights into the paleobiodiversity and paleobiogeography of early Late Cretaceous ecosystems in western North America Haviv M. Avrahami1,2,3, Terry A. Gates1, Andrew B. Heckert3, Peter J. Makovicky4 and Lindsay E. Zanno1,2 1 Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA 2 North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA 3 Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA 4 Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA ABSTRACT The vertebrate fauna of the Late Cretaceous Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation has been studied for nearly three decades, yet the fossil-rich unit continues to produce new information about life in western North America approximately 97 million years ago. Here we report on the composition of the Cliffs of Insanity (COI) microvertebrate locality, a newly sampled site containing perhaps one of the densest concentrations of microvertebrate fossils yet discovered in the Mussentuchit Member. The COI locality preserves osteichthyan, lissamphibian, testudinatan, mesoeucrocodylian, dinosaurian, metatherian, and trace fossil remains and is among the most taxonomically rich microvertebrate localities in the Mussentuchit Submitted 30 May 2018 fi fi Accepted 8 October 2018 Member. To better re ne taxonomic identi cations of isolated theropod dinosaur Published 16 November 2018 teeth, we used quantitative analyses of taxonomically comprehensive databases of Corresponding authors theropod tooth measurements, adding new data on theropod tooth morphodiversity in Haviv M. Avrahami, this poorly understood interval. We further provide the first descriptions of [email protected] tyrannosauroid premaxillary teeth and document the earliest North American record of Lindsay E.
[Show full text]
By Howard Zimmerman
by Howard Zimmerman DINO_COVERS.indd 4 4/24/08 11:58:35 AM [Intentionally Left Blank] by Howard Zimmerman Consultant: Luis M. Chiappe, Ph.D. Director of the Dinosaur Institute Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 1629_ArmoredandDangerous_FNL.ind1 1 4/11/08 11:11:17 AM Credits Title Page, © Luis Rey; TOC, © De Agostini Picture Library/Getty Images; 4-5, © John Bindon; 6, © De Agostini Picture Library/The Natural History Museum, London; 7, © Luis Rey; 8, © Luis Rey; 9, © Adam Stuart Smith; 10T, © Luis Rey; 10B, © Colin Keates/Dorling Kindersly; 11, © Phil Wilson; 12L, Courtesy of the Royal Tyrrell Museum, Drumheller, Alberta; 12R, © De Agostini Picture Library/Getty Images; 13, © Phil Wilson; 14-15, © Phil Wilson; 16-17, © De Agostini Picture Library/The Natural History Museum, London; 18T, © 2007 by Karen Carr and Karen Carr Studio; 18B, © photomandan/istockphoto; 19, © Luis Rey; 20, © De Agostini Picture Library/The Natural History Museum, London; 21, © John Bindon; 23TL, © Phil Wilson; 23TR, © Luis Rey; 23BL, © Vladimir Sazonov/Shutterstock; 23BR, © Luis Rey. Publisher: Kenn Goin Editorial Director: Adam Siegel Creative Director: Spencer Brinker Design: Dawn Beard Creative Cover Illustration: Luis Rey Photo Researcher: Omni-Photo Communications, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Zimmerman, Howard. Armored and dangerous / by Howard Zimmerman. p. cm. — (Dino times trivia) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-59716-712-3 (library binding) ISBN-10: 1-59716-712-6 (library binding) 1. Ornithischia—Juvenile literature. 2. Dinosaurs—Juvenile literature. I. Title. QE862.O65Z56 2009 567.915—dc22 2008006171 Copyright © 2009 Bearport Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved.
[Show full text]
The Systematic Position of the Enigmatic Thyreophoran Dinosaur Paranthodon Africanus, and the Use of Basal Exemplifiers in Phyl
1 The systematic position of the enigmatic thyreophoran dinosaur Paranthodon africanus, 2 and the use of basal exemplifiers in phylogenetic analysis 3 4 Thomas J. Raven1,2 ,3 and Susannah C. R. Maidment2 ,3 5 61Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, UK 72School of Environment & Technology, University of Brighton, UK 8 3Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK 9 10Corresponding author: Thomas J. Raven 11 12Email address: [email protected] 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21ABSTRACT 22 23The first African dinosaur to be discovered, Paranthodon africanus was found in 1845 in the 24Lower Cretaceous of South Africa. Taxonomically assigned to numerous groups since discovery, 25in 1981 it was described as a stegosaur, a group of armoured ornithischian dinosaurs 26characterised by bizarre plates and spines extending from the neck to the tail. This assignment 27that has been subsequently accepted. The type material consists of a premaxilla, maxilla, a nasal, 28and a vertebra, and contains no synapomorphies of Stegosauria. Several features of the maxilla 29and dentition are reminiscent of Ankylosauria, the sister-taxon to Stegosauria, and the premaxilla 30appears superficially similar to that of some ornithopods. The vertebral material has never been 31described, and since the last description of the specimen, there have been numerous discoveries 32of thyreophoran material potentially pertinent to establishing the taxonomic assignment of the 33specimen. An investigation of the taxonomic and systematic position of Paranthodon is therefore 34warranted. This study provides a detailed re-description, including the first description of the 35vertebra. Numerous phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that the systematic position of 36Paranthodon is highly labile and subject to change depending on which exemplifier for the clade 37Stegosauria is used.
[Show full text]
Ankylosaurid Dinosaur Tail Clubs Evolved Through Stepwise Acquisition of Key Features
1 Title: Ankylosaurid dinosaur tail clubs evolved through stepwise acquisition of key features. 2 3 Victoria M. Arbour1,2,3 and Philip J. Currie3 4 1Paleontology and Geology Research Laboratory, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, 5 North Carolina 27601, USA; 2Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 6 North Carolina, 27607, USA; 3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 7 Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada; [email protected] 8 Corresponding author: V. Arbour 9 10 Running title: ANKYLOSAURID TAIL CLUB STEPWISE EVOLUTION 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 25 ABSTRACT 26 Ankylosaurid ankylosaurs were quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaurs with abundant dermal 27 ossifications. They are best known for their distinctive tail club composed of stiff, interlocking vertebrae 28 (the handle) and large, bulbous osteoderms (the knob), which may have been used as a weapon. 29 However, tail clubs appear relatively late in the evolution of ankylosaurids, and seemed to have been 30 present only in a derived clade of ankylosaurids during the last 20 million years of the Mesozoic Era. 31 New evidence from mid Cretaceous fossils from China suggests that the evolution of the tail club 32 occurred at least 40 million years earlier, and in a stepwise manner, with early ankylosaurids evolving 33 handle-like vertebrae before the distal osteoderms enlarged and coossified to form a knob. 34 35 Keywords: Dinosauria, Ankylosauria, Ankylosauridae, Cretaceous 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 2 49 INTRODUCTION 50 Tail weaponry, in the form of spikes or clubs, is an uncommon adaptation among tetrapods.
[Show full text]
Ankylosaurus Magniventris
FOR OUR ENGLISH-SPEAKING GUESTS: “Dinosauria” is the scientific name for dinosaurs, and derives from Ancient Greek: “Deinos”, meaning “terrible, potent or fearfully great”, and “sauros”, meaning “lizard or reptile”. Dinosaurs are among the most successful animals in the history of life on Earth. They dominated the planet for nearly 160 million years during the entire Mesozoic era, from the Triassic period 225 million years ago. It was followed by the Jurassic period and then the Cretaceous period, which ended 65 million years ago with the extinction of dinosaurs. Here follows a detailed overview of the dinosaur exhibition that is on display at Dinosauria, which is produced by Dinosauriosmexico. Please have a look at the name printed on top of the Norwegian sign right by each model to identify the correct dinosaur. (Note that the shorter Norwegian text is similar, but not identical to the English text, which is more in-depth) If you have any questions, please ask our staff wearing colorful shirts with flower decorations. We hope you enjoy your visit at INSPIRIA science center! Ankylosaurus magniventris Period: Late Cretaceous (65 million years ago) Known locations: United States and Canada Diet: Herbivore Size: 9 m long Its name means "fused lizard". This dinosaur lived in North America 65 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous. This is the most widely known armoured dinosaur, with a club on its tail. The final vertebrae of the tail were immobilized by overlapping the connections, turning it into a solid handle. The tail club (or tail knob) is composed of several osteoderms fused into one unit, with two larger plates on the sides.
[Show full text]
Dinosauria: Ornithischia
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository of the Academy's Library Diversity and convergences in the evolution of feeding adaptations in ankylosaurs Törölt: Diversity of feeding characters explains evolutionary success of ankylosaurs (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)¶ (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) Formázott: Betűtípus: Félkövér Formázott: Betűtípus: Félkövér Formázott: Betűtípus: Félkövér Attila Ősi1, 2*, Edina Prondvai2, 3, Jordan Mallon4, Emese Réka Bodor5 Formázott: Betűtípus: Félkövér 1Department of Paleontology, Eötvös University, Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Hungary; +36 30 374 87 63; [email protected] 2MTA-ELTE Lendület Dinosaur Research Group, Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, 1117, Hungary; +36 70 945 51 91; [email protected] 3University of Gent, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates Research Group, K.L. Ledegankstraat 35, Gent, Belgium; +32 471 990733; [email protected] 4Palaeobiology, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6P4, Canada; +1 613 364 4094; [email protected] 5Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, Budapest, Stefánia út 14, 1143, Hungary; +36 70 948 0248; [email protected] Research was conducted at the Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. *Corresponding author: Attila Ősi, [email protected] Acknowledgements This work was supported by the MTA–ELTE Lendület Programme (Grant No. LP 95102), OTKA (Grant No. T 38045, PD 73021, NF 84193, K 116665), National Geographic Society (Grant No. 7228–02, 7508–03), Bakonyi Bauxitbánya Ltd, Geovolán Ltd, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Canadian Museum of Nature, The Jurassic Foundation, Hantken Miksa Foundation, Eötvös Loránd University. Disclosure statment: All authors declare that there is no financial interest or benefit arising from the direct application of this research.
[Show full text]
Fat Ankylosaurs- Reali Y, Really Fai' Ankylosaurs
Ii... THE DINOSAUR REPORT SPRING 1995 GREGORY S. PAUL'S DINOART NOTES FAT ANKYLOSAURS- REALI Y, REALLY FAI' ANKYLOSAURS nkylosaurs have been among the most until it was carried horizontally-there are no tail drag difficult subjects for the paleoartist, They are marks. Nodosaurid tails were fairly supple along their A rare, and complete skeletons with armor in place entire length. The last half of ankylosaurid tails were are especially so. Their species identity and relationships rigidly braced and inflexible. This helped carry the tail are confusing, hindering attempts to combine partial club, which was porous and not as heavy as the skeletons co make a whole animal. Finally, the structure mineralized fossil looks. of ankylosaur skeletons is most peculiar, making it hard co figure out how they go cogether. Many past The result is a.flat-topped body that one could almost restorations have been rather formless, sprawling legged have lunch on. In front view the appearance can only be caricatures with inaccurate armor. More modern efforts called ludicrous. There is nothing similar alive today. have placed the armor more correctly, and have brought One ankylosaur that does not share this construction is the legs under the body so that they could walk our the Asian Talarurus, which has a rounder, more hippo-like narrow gauge trackways assigned to ankylosaurs. body. The enormous belly contained a great fermenting digestive vat that broke down food little processed by a The many problems caused me to avoid attempting to weak dentition. The limbs of ankylosaurs are longer rescore ankylosaur skeletons until recently.
[Show full text]
Oil and Gas Plays Ute Moutnain Ute Reservation, Colorado and New Mexico
Ute Mountain Ute Indian Reservation Cortez R18W Karle Key Xu R17W T General Setting Mine Xu Xcu 36 Can y on N Xcu McElmo WIND RIVER 32 INDIAN MABEL The Ute Mountain Ute Reservation is located in the northwest RESERVATION MOUNTAIN FT HALL IND RES Little Moude Mine Xcu T N ern portion of New Mexico and the southwestern corner of Colorado UTE PEAK 35 N R16W (Fig. UM-1). The reservation consists of 553,008 acres in Montezu BLACK 666 T W Y O M I N G MOUNTAIN 35 R20W SLEEPING UTE MOUNTAIN N ma and La Plata Counties, Colorado, and San Juan County, New R19W Coche T Mexico. All of these lands belong to the tribe but are held in trust by NORTHWESTERN 34 SHOSHONI HERMANO the U.S. Government. Individually owned lands, or allotments, are IND RES Desert Canyon PEAK N MESA VERDE R14W NATIONAL GREAT SALT LAKE W Marble SENTINEL located at Allen Canyon and White Mesa, San Juan County, Utah, Wash Towaoc PARK PEAK T and cover 8,499 acres. Tribal lands held in trust within this area cov Towaoc River M E S A 33 1/2 N er 3,597 acres. An additional forty acres are defined as U.S. Govern THE MOUND R15W SKULL VALLEY ment lands in San Juan County, Utah, and are utilized for school pur TEXAS PACIFIC 6-INCH OIL PIPELINE IND RES UNITAH AND OURAY INDIAN RESERVATION Navajo poses. W Ramona GOSHUTE 789 The Allen Canyon allotments are located twelve miles west of IND RES T UTAH 33 Blanding, Utah, and adjacent to the Manti-La Sal National Forest.
[Show full text]
A Fossil Locality Predictive Model for the Early Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, Usa
A FOSSIL LOCALITY PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR THE EARLY CRETACEOUS CEDAR MOUNTAIN FORMATION, UTAH, USA A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE By DANIEL BURK NORTHWEST MISSOURI STATE UNIVERSITY MARYVILLE, MISSOURI OCTOBER, 2014 FOSSIL LOCALITY PREDICTIVE MODEL A Fossil Locality Predictive Model for the Early Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA Daniel Burk Northwest Missouri State University THESIS APPROVED Thesis Advisor, Dr. Yi-Hwa Wu Date Dr. Ming-Chih Hung Date Dr. John P. Pope Date Dean of Graduate School Date A Fossil Locality Predictive Model for the Early Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA Abstract Hard work and chance are nearly always among the deciding factors in finding new, important, and productive paleontological localities. Fossil locality predictive models have the potential to reduce unproductive field time and maximize hard work thus increasing the chances researchers have to find important localities. This study uses remotely sensed data to design and test a fossil locality predictive model for the Early Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation. Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS data from known localities were summarized, reclassified and used in a weighted suitability analysis to categorize fossil locality potential of the study area. Field work was conducted to test model functionality. Field observations were used to refine the weighted suitability analysis. Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS data alone offers a less accurate prescription of fossil locality potential. Additional physical and environmental factors play a role in determining the chance of finding fossils. Slope degree and aspect data from known localities were summarized and analyzed to further refine the model.
[Show full text]
Competition Structured a Late Cretaceous Megaherbivorous Dinosaur Assemblage Jordan C
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Competition structured a Late Cretaceous megaherbivorous dinosaur assemblage Jordan C. Mallon 1,2 Modern megaherbivore community richness is limited by bottom-up controls, such as resource limitation and resultant dietary competition. However, the extent to which these same controls impacted the richness of fossil megaherbivore communities is poorly understood. The present study investigates the matter with reference to the megaherbivorous dinosaur assemblage from the middle to upper Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada. Using a meta-analysis of 21 ecomorphological variables measured across 14 genera, contemporaneous taxa are demonstrably well-separated in ecomorphospace at the family/subfamily level. Moreover, this pattern is persistent through the approximately 1.5 Myr timespan of the formation, despite continual species turnover, indicative of underlying structural principles imposed by long-term ecological competition. After considering the implications of ecomorphology for megaherbivorous dinosaur diet, it is concluded that competition structured comparable megaherbivorous dinosaur communities throughout the Late Cretaceous of western North America. Te question of which mechanisms regulate species coexistence is fundamental to understanding the evolution of biodiversity1. Te standing diversity (richness) of extant megaherbivore (herbivores weighing ≥1,000 kg) com- munities appears to be mainly regulated by bottom-up controls2–4 as these animals are virtually invulnerable to top-down down processes (e.g., predation) when fully grown. Tus, while the young may occasionally succumb to predation, fully-grown African elephants (Loxodonta africana), rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum and Diceros bicornis), hippopotamuses (Hippopotamus amphibius), and girafes (Girafa camelopardalis) are rarely targeted by predators, and ofen show indiference to their presence in the wild5.
[Show full text]
A Jurassic Basal Eusauropod Clade from Iberia Finds Refuge In
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UCL Discovery Descendants of the Jurassic turiasaurs from Iberia found refuge in the Early Cretaceous of western USA Rafael Royo-Torres, Paul Upchurch, James I. Kirkland, Donald D. DeBlieux, John R. Foster, Alberto Cobos, Luis Alcalá Supplementary Information: I. Abbreviations section II. Geological setting of the Doelling’s Bowl bonebed III. Phylogenetic analyses and list of synapomorphies IV. Holotype of Mierasaurus V. Measurements VI. References I. Abbreviations section BYU (Museum of Paleontology of Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah USA). DBBB Doelling’s Bowl bonebed; DBGI Doelling’s Bowl site; J-K Jurassic- Cretaceous transition; Ma million years ago; My million years; MPT most parsimonious trees; RD name for every dinosaur site from Riodeva in Teruel (Spain); TL Tree length; UMNH the Natural History Museum of Utah (USA); UGS Utah Geological Survey (USA). Anatomical abbreviations: bt basal tubera; bo basioccipital; bpt basipterygoid process; ca crista antotica; ct crista tuberalis; f frontal; fme fenestra metotic; fv fenestra vestivuli (=fenestra ovalis); osc otosphenoidal crest (= crista prootica); p parietal; pa parapophysis; prf prefontal; stf supratemporal fossa; so supraoccipital; eo exoccipital- opisthotic; bo basioccipital; popr paraoccipital process; cranial nerves: I olfactory nerve; II optic nerve; III oculomotor nerve; IV trochlear nerve; V trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular); VI abductor or abducens nerve; VII facialis nerve; VIII vestibulocochlear nerve. Abbreviations for laminae vertebral: acpl anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; ant. spdl anterior spinodiapophyseal lamina; cprl 1 centroprezygapophyseal lamina; cpol centropostzygapophyseal lamina; pcdl posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; post. spdl posterior spinodiapophyseal lamina; ppdl paradiapophyseal lamina; prdl prezygodiapophyseal lamina; spol spinopostzygapophyseal lamina.
[Show full text]
The End of the Sauropod Dinosaur Hiatus in North America
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 297 (2010) 486–490 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo The end of the sauropod dinosaur hiatus in North America Michael D. D'Emic a,⁎, Jeffrey A. Wilson a, Richard Thompson b a Museum of Paleontology and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–1079, USA b Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0077, USA article info abstract Article history: Sauropod dinosaurs reached their acme in abundance and diversity in North America during the Late Received 4 February 2010 Jurassic. Persisting in lesser numbers into the Early Cretaceous, sauropods disappeared from the North Received in revised form 16 August 2010 American fossil record from the Cenomanian until the Campanian or Maastrichtian stage of the Late Accepted 30 August 2010 Cretaceous. This ca. 25–30 million-year long sauropod hiatus has been attributed to either a true extinction, Available online 19 September 2010 perhaps due to competition with ornithischian dinosaurs, or a false extinction, due to non-preservation of sediments bearing sauropods. The duration of the sauropod hiatus remains in question due to uncertainty in Keywords: ﬁ Dinosaur the ages and af nities of the specimens bounding the observed gap. In this paper, we re-examine the Sauropod phylogenetic afﬁnity of materials from Campanian-aged sediments of Adobe Canyon, Arizona that currently Titanosaur mark the end of the sauropod hiatus. Based on the original description of those remains and new specimens Alamosaurus from the same formation, we conclude that the Adobe Canyon vertebrae do not pertain to titanosaurs, but to Hadrosaur hadrosaurid dinosaurs.
[Show full text]