Of the State Leadership Role Necessary in Education Arealso Given

DOCUMENT RESUME ED 032 153 RC 033 667 The Mountains Are Moving. (Report of the Conference onEquality of Educational Opportunity for Children of Appalachia (November 29 - December 1, 1969, PikevilleCollege, Pikeville, Kentucky)] National Education Association,Washington. D.C. Spons Agency -Kentucky Education Association,Louisville.; North Car .;rta Education Association,Raleigh.; Tennessee Education Association. Nashville.;Virginia Education Association, Roanoke. Pub Date 68 Note-23p. Available from-Publications-Sales Section.National Education Association. 1201 SixteenthStreet, N. W., Washington. D. C. 20036. (Stock No. 871-24836) Single copy($OSO), Discounts on quantity orders: 2-9 copies. 107: 10 or more copies. 207. EDRS Price MF 1025 HC Not Available from EDRS. Descriptor s -*Community Involvement. *Conference Reports, *Educational Equality, Educationally Disadvantaged, Educational Needs, Educational Opportunities.Federal Aid. *Leadership Responsibility, Low Income. Planning. *Rural Education. State Action, SuccessFactors. Teacher Education Identifiers -*Appalachia Equality of educational opportunityfor children in Appalachia served as a guiding theme for the Sixth NationalEducation Association NationalConference on Human Rights in Education.Included in this conference report are a synopsisof selected comments made by conferencespeakers. brief descriptions of ongoing opportunity orientedprogramsinAppalachia regionalschooldistricts, and explanations of new concepts beingused in teacher training programs inregional colleges. Reactions and commentsof participants in a political discussionsession, suggestions for greater communityinvolvement, and a discussionof the state leadership role necessary in education arealso given. A brief summary ofFederal support available toAppalachia's schools is presented. (EV) 1116.11, AA"

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3 0 tt ON ItIt CONFERENCE REPORT:

Equality of EducationalOpportunity For Children of Appalachia

November 29 - December 1, 1968 Pikeville College, Pikeville, Kentucky

CONFERENCE SPONSORS NEA Center for Human Relations NEA Citizenship Committee Kentucky Education Association North Carolina Education Association North Carolina Teachers Association Tennessee Education Association Virginia Education Association

Permission to reproduce this copy- righted work has been granted to the Educational Resources Informa- tion Center (ERIC) and to the organization operating under contract with the Office of Education to reproduce documents included in the ERIC system by means of microfiche only, but this right is not conferred to any users of the microfiche received from the ERIC Document Reproduction Service. Further reproduction of any part requires permission of the copyright owner. The mountains are moving! Thiswas the thought expressed by one NEA staffer to another as they returned from the Sixth NationalConference on Equal Educational Opportunity.Soaring 25,000 feet above the Appalachianrange, traveling at more than 500 milesper hour, they could perceive the ancient, w placid, unmovable mountains moving.Actually they were moving. s During the drive to Pikevilleover the Mountain Parkway, Senator Jennings Randolph noted that thenew roads, new waterlines, and new electric power- lines make it possible for the mountainsto move, even education.Without If good roads, school buses would be useless, andmany children would remain W isolatec! from learning. The primary purpose of this Conferencewas to call regional and national attention to the effects of geographical isolationon equal educational opportunity for children.Another purpose was to see ifmany of the highly publicized programs were actually reaching the children in small isolated schools. In his introductory statementto the report of the exploratory conference held in 1967, Dr. Wade Wilson, chairman of thePR&R Committee on Civil and Human Rights, put it succinctly when he asked: "Have the benefits of these programs reached the isolated classrooms? Are Appalachian teachers cognizant of theresources available to them? Have the talents and experiences of teachers and [community leaders]been utilized in the development and implementation of these programs?What are the , avenues for action by educators and others concerned with educational im- provement in the region?" 0 The spirit of the Sixth National NEA Conferenceon Human Rights in Edu- cation demonstrated a willingness on the part of educators,parents, government officials, agency officials, community leaders, businessmen, and studentsto face realistically the educational problems of the regionas well as underlying economic and political problems.

a What you shall read here is,therefore, a synopsis of projects generated by and shared during the Conferenceas well as a chronicle of what actually took place during our three days together.Hopefully, parts of this report can be used as a resource by all who would perceive by theirown activity the move n ment in the mountains. SAMUEL B. ETHRIDGE Assistant Executive Secretary for Human Relations i National Education Association

a Conference Coordinator MARY ANN SCOTT Conference Photographer DAVID CLEVINGER Cover Picture LUCILLE RHODES i Editors of Conference Report ELINOR HART tf MARY KEPECS I Credits for other contributors to this report and other a pictures not taken by Mr. Clevinger appearon page 20. s Single copy, 500 (Stock No. 871-24836). Discounts on quantity orders: 2-9 copies, 10 percent; 10 or more copies, 20 percent. Order from Publications- Sales Section, National Education Association, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036. c)(..,"koWliv\ Op)

SENATOR RANDOLPH URGES COMMITMENT TO REVITALIZATION "The lack of human andeconomic resources in rural Appalachia haspro- /441.;&kait duced a formidable t.ducational deficit i # 7 1...' .: ', -liv..0-- uniejuk which must be reversed bya total 910:- kp-. community effort," declared Senator s.) !. Tr Jennings Randolph of West Virginia. I: inthe Conference keynote address, Senator Randolph lamented the dou- ble failure of the rural schoolto retain its teachers and to introduce pupils to the job world. On one hand, said the Senator, "It isestimatedthattheAppalachian states lose two-thirds of the teachers r,, they train to better-paying schoolsand to industry." In addition, the region's schools, lacking kindergartens andof- Pikeville College President fering vocationalcourses only to older students, have a 65 percent lossrate. Citing the Interim Report of theAp- Deplores Education SoulDrain palachian Regional Commission'sEdu- cation Advisory Committee,Senator "If a doctor treated his patients the way we treat our students," charged Dr. Randolph said that about11 percent Thomas Johns, president of Pikeville College, "most of them would die." The of Appalachia's adults havecompleted Conference symposium speaker continued that"we talk about equal oppor- the fifth grade, 33percent have fin- tunity, individual attention, and the humanity of the child,but we don't practice ished high school, and only5 percent what we preach. We tell childrento do page one and turn to page two, to do are college graduates. page two and turn to page three all together." (3) What is wrong with educators? reality, can no longer compete with "If children in Appalachia who have TV and the newspapers, which teach never seen a book, heard a symphony, the child by presenting lifeasitis. or seen a painting are afraid to venture Most children, said Dr. Johns, "have forth,itisbec,i0,:e an educator who witnessed the assassination of Ameri- 4 has arichcultural background dis- ca's leaders, watched urban rims, and courages adventure and hope," Dr. traveled,through themeaiumof Johns declared. The beauty of theAp- satellites, to watch athleticcontests in palachian people isto observe, feel, Mexico, Europe, and Japan." Hoveserer, and hope; yet "weremove them from the school setup doesnot communi- the great outdoors,cram them into cate the panorama of life to the child, classrooms,andsay,'Observe!' according to Dr. Johns' observations. Observe what? The four walls!" It just turns him off. Educators have failed to produce a How do we change? classroom capable of harnessing the "If we are to be honest about natural instinct of man to discover. our true professionalresponsibility,"the What is wrong with schools? college president insisted,"we must According to the Pikeville College discover whereour students are and president, education's traditionally push them one step further."Educa- negative response to change is totally tors must learn about and appreciate inadequate. The school, which has the problems of Appalachiain order separated the learningprocess from to solve them.

2 N

t, AppisLAGNA I 'b.; Conferees Emphasize Early Childhood Learning ti The fastest learners are the youngest learners, and educators should introduce them early to the experience of h.,44. formal education. This was a point of view expressed frequently by Confer- (6) ence participants, several of whom are activelyinvolvedin working for or implementing early childhood educa- Job Relevant Education tion programs. Charles I. Foltz, director of the Edu- cation Advisory Committee of the Ap- Developing Throughout Region palachian RegionalCommission, reported to the Conference that an edu- Those who will work with dignity in the new Appalachia must have the best cation system for children from age vocational guidance and training.This was an often repeated proposal for im- three through thethird grade isa proving Appalachian education during the Conference. priority goal of the Committee. Development of job-relevant voca- Leah Curry shared views with teach- Young girls in Kentucky learn cosmetology. tional education and dissemination of ersattending the Conference about (5) occupational information are priority Project Head Start. Miss Curry, Head goals in education for the Appalachian Start coordinator at Marshall Univer- Regional Commission, reported Charles sityin West Virginia, spoke of the Foltz during a panel discussion. Infor- 0E0 program which brings school ex- mation about future job needs must periences to three- to five-year-olds be fed into the school curriculum, he in the summer and during the year in said. the Follow-Through program. James Liner reported to the North Richard Ray, a Conference panelist, CarolinagroupattheConference describedtheLearningInstituteof about the Job Orientation program for North Carolina which operates a child dropouts sponsored by Mountain development center to provide day- Projects, Inc. Eighty percent of the pro- care services and prepare toddlers for gram's participants, who studied ern- the school experience. ... ployer-employee relationships, on-the- job responsibilities, and health factors Would-be teacherspreparereports on r:AENt..' in employment, are now working. possible future careers. (4) In addition, the group of PTA rep- . resentatives at the Conference urged r. * University Recruits Drop-Ins more guidance counselors for public 17..A, Tennessee Technological University schools,andtheHigherEducation in Cookeville brings high school stu- Workshop calledfora continuous dents from North Central Tennessee to dialogue betweenindustry andthe its campus for a special project called college. Some participants in the work- I "OperationPebble,"reportedTen- shopaddedthatadulteducation nessee Tech students atthe Confer- should be a function of the college. ence. The high school students receive Business and industry, parents and three-week sessions of instruction and students areinvolvedinthe Wood academic,vocational, andpersonal County Counseling and Job Placement counseling. They also study reading, Project in West Virginia. Sponsored by physical education, health, and social the Appalachia Educational Laboratory, ,t" studies. Operation Pebble seeks to de- the Wood County projecthasat- velopthestudents'self-confidence, tempted since 1964 to increase the raise their educational aspirations, and holding power of the schools by help- make them proud of their Appalachian ing students find jobs during their high heritage. school years.

3 "To every man his chance; to every man regardless of his birth, his shining, golden opportunity. To every man the right to live, f to work, to be himself, Lit" and to become whatever thing his V manhood and his visioncan com- bine to make him. This, seeker, ic the promise ofAmerica." From You Can't Go Home Again by Thomas Wolfe of Asheville, N. C.

(8) There is no chance without education. There is no golden opportunity withouteducation. There is no fruitful work without education. And though a man has the degree ofvision and manhood to conquer the world, He will fall far short of his goal without education. Senator Jennings Randolph of West Virginia (7) Former KentuckyGovernor Conferees Enumerate Educational Problems Challenges Educators Geographic isolation producesmany problems for the small andone-room "The 3R's must be replaced by the5C's required in tomorrow's world," Appalachianschools. Teachers from said Edward T. Breathitt, in addressing theConference. The 5C's are "the skills these schools who attended the Con- of communication, computation,conceptualization, creation, and cooperation," ference mentioned that high operating explained Mr. Breathitt, director of theInstitute for Rural America and former costs in small schools consume funds chairman of the President's AdvisoryCommission on Rural Poverty. that would otherwisego into eduza- "The leading problem in Appalachianeducation today," he continued, "is tional improvements. They pointedto how to create a demand for the kind andquality of education which is relevant a general absence of hot lunch pro- to the future of today's Appalachian youth." grams inthe isolated schools; they Two facts underlie the education of Educators must explain to laypeo- maintainedthatteachingloadsare the future, according to Mr. Breathitt: ple thatthecurriculum heavy, and that teachers often have (1) In 30 years, 75 percent ofus will requires changes to reflect the 5C's. Thecom- low expectations of their pupilsin liveincities; and(2) The average munity must commititself these schools. laboring man will hold 12 jobs dur- tothe process of education, and it must be CecilUpchurch, president of the ing his working life. Mr. Breathittem- in agreement on "the specific mission Haywood County Education Associa- phasized that a child's education must and goals of the educational tion in North Carolina, told conferees prepare him to be a first-class citizen system in the community," said the former Ken- 'ha; the slowprogress in consolidating in tomorrow's urban world and pre- tucky governor. smell, inefficient school unitsconsti- pare him for a lifetime of occupational Educationalsystems, tutes a major Appalachian educational change. Mr.Breathitt explained, can then be redesigned and problem. He added that Appalachia The Honorable Edward T. Breathitt. administered to meet challenges which has "too many teachers whoare not (8) are common to both rural and urban dedicated enough toput forththe areas. "I suggest that when we get this extra effort required to help students point across to the lay constituency of who come to school frompoor home backgrounds." education," he continued, "we shall have moved a good distance toward According to West Virginia's Sena- meeting the challenges of education tor Jennings Randolph, the low salaries in Appalachia." The community offered by Appalachian school can- systems not continue to believe, he warned, are largely to blame for the failure to "that the future will place retain or attract good teachers no radically in the different demands area. upon itschildren than the past placedupon them." 4 Building -"-.1111 Better bit Education

r 4 Improved Communication Means Better Teaching "It's easy to solve a problem once you learn how to identify and analyze it,"commented many Conference participants.Persons who attended the problem-solving sessions at the Conference stressed the need for additional

AilLiriftr., instructional experiences that clarify issues and improve communication. Students who participatedinthe better to listen and to relate to others Conferencewereparticularlycon- cerned that teachers be sensitive to by examining their interpersonal relations. their pupils' needs. Representatives of Student NEA chapters from the five- state Conference area urged teachers Teachers Team Up in Pikeville to seek out experiences and training for personal growth. The Pikeville, Kentucky, schools provide individualized instruction through Dr. 0.C.Stewart,a Conference panelist, reported that Tennessee a team teaching project in the fifth Technological University in Cookeville and sixth grades and in social studies offers a communications training lab- and science classes in all grades, said oratory. The lab, said Dr. Stewart, dean Katherine Ratliff, a participanton the of extended services, provides a setting Innovations Panel. The Pikeville teacher said that with the aid of the Eastern where educators,parents,students, A Ti -group engages in nonverbal expression and community personslearn how Kentucky Educational Development during one of Project Upper Cumberland's Corporation, surveys were made, team sensitivity training workshops. (9) (10) teaching workshops were held, and the Pikeville staff traveled to observe TVA Sponsors team teaching in operation. Multi-County School Science students in Pikeville, Kentucky,receive guidance from one of their team A centrally located high school and teachers, Mrs. Katherine Ratliff. (11) adulttrainingcenterwillbe con- structed inthe Sequatchie Valley in Tennessee, said Jere Farley during the 4,) Conference's Innovations Panel. Mr. Farley, TVA educationrelations specialist,reported that the Tennessee Valley Authority will help finance construction and willassist low-income counties overa five-year period to move to higher levels of school financ- ing. Federal, state, and local agencies r. are involved withthe TVA inthe ELL, Sequatchie project.

5 4 Teachers in t

Student NEA members meet during the conference to define their particular needs. Students Ask For Change In Teacher Education "Education students should have more contact with children during their training if they are to become sensitive teachers." This was one of the recommendations of representatives of Student NEA chapters at the Con- ference. The education students, from Tennessee Technological University and Mars Hili College, added that students should have a voice in curriculum development and that education majors especially should receive instruction in dire.%. the historical and cultural foundations of Appalachia. Dr. 0. C. Stewart and Lemuel DeVoe discuss relevant trends in higher education. Black Students Building New Appalachia Requires Help of Colleges Suggest Reforms "Institutions of higher education can be agents for The educational problems of Appalachia are as com- community change," said Lemuel DeVoe of West Vir- plex as those throughout the nation.Black students, for ginia's Bluefield State College. Mr. DeVoe, a consultant instance, are urging that higher education become more for the Conference Higher Education Workshop stressed relevant to their contemporary needs. An example of the responsibility of the Appalachian college totrain their desire for change is a list of demands drawn up by skilled, responsive teachers. a group of black students from a college in Appalachia. The graduates of Appalachia's colleges have a multiple These demands include greater consideration about as- task, according to Mr. DeVoe. They must offer quality signment of student teachers, more speakers and cultural courses designed to attract the best outside and local programs on campus, courses in black history and culture, students, for their graduates must meet the area's leader- more black faculty members, library services seven days ship needs.For example, continued the Bluefield pro- a week, wider selection of paperbacks at college book- fessor, Appalachia's education majors must fill the pro- stores, more all-college assemblies, admittance of out- fessional ranks with "new blood" and new ideas, be able of-state students, and availability of textbooks at the be- to offer specialized and remedial instruction, and treat ginning of the semester. equally all pupils they teach.

Recommendations of NEA TaskForce on Human Rights Recommendations made in 1968 by the NEA Task Force 3.Future teachers must be specifically trained in human on Human Rights include the following: relations and to develop healthy attitudes toward 1. More prospective teachers must be activelyre- themselves and their students. cruited from minority groups. 4.Future teachers must have the opportunity to learn 2. Experienced teachers must be provided with skills the specific skills they willneed to work with in human relations and in teaching minority-group minority-group children, and prospective teachers children with an opportunity to keep these skills forpredominantly minority-grouplocations must up-to-date. be actively recruited and given special training.

6 Teacher Corpsmen Work In Area Schools "Educational enlightenment rather than coercion is the key to change," according to James McCabe, assistant to the director of the North Carolina Teacher Corps. the Making The Teacher Corps intern epitomizes this view, said Mr. McCabe, for he brings to a community a new and different outlook on life. Under the Higher Education Act, explained Mr. Mc- Cabe, universities throughout the nation cooperate with Students Team Up the federal government to offer tuition-free, master's degree programs to persons preparing to teach in low- At Mars Hill College income areas. The intern, with a bachelor's degree in any "Students at Mars Hill College in North Carolina have field, studies the elements of teaching with emphasis on given a new twist to the pre-college Upward Bound pro- the sociology of poverty and learns to teach on the job. gram of the Office of Economic Opportunity," com- Mr. McCabe said that at the end of two years, the intern mented Program Director Dr. John Hough, Jr.,at the will have received the master of arts degree in teaching Conference.Dr. Hough added that the Mars Hill Buddy and will have fulfilled requirements for certification. System, which matches Upward Bound and college students who work asa team on their lessons and who share personal experiences, is a success. "The Upward Appalachians Study Bound students have seen college to be a distinct pos- Their Region and Culture sibility, and the college students have participated in a Appalachian State University in North Carolina, which valuable community service," he said. has sponsored summer workshops on the area's folk arts, is developing plans for an Appalachian Studies Center, A young man from Mars Hill College works with an Upward reported conferee Cratis Williams.Dr Williams, dean Bound student. (12) of the ASU Graduate School, said that in addition to emphasizing Appalachian cultureincourse work, the Center hopes tc house an extensive library about the region. The University already has a solid Appalachian collection.Dr. Williams added that its summer workshops "have included mountain craftsmen,singers, fiddlers, and storytellers, as well as such interpreters of mountain traditions as John Jacob Niles, Richard Chase, Artis Moser, L Hedy West, John Putnam, Ed Presnell, and Doc Watson." (13)

Pikeville College Students 44 Aid Their Community

"Programs are provided by Appalachian colleges to L I sensitizefutureteachersto human needs,"reported Patricia Bartley during the Innovations Panel at the Con- L ference.Miss Bartley,aPikeville College senior, de- scribed Pikeville College Course #399, in which she is _ enrolled, as a fulfilling and productive experience. According to Miss Bartley, Pikeville College, in cooperation with the Mountain Mental Health Clinic, offers credit to students who work on an apprenticeship basis with foster children, delinquents, the elderly, and the mentally ill.The students spend 11/2hours a week in the classroom to discuss and analyze their experiences.

7 ef20V--"ir 4p0-71r. P.

A er

Conferees Analyze School Politics The school is a "political football," said teachers at the Conference in de- scribingthe way the educationof Appalachia's youngsters is considered to be less important than the superintendent'spoliticalinterests.Butif politics is the root of many evils in the Appalachian schools, ran the message of the Political Mini-Clinic, then poli- Conference Clinic Explores tics as well as teaching must be over- hauled before educational reformcan be achieved. Political Methods, Uses David Walls, acting director of the Appalachian Volunteers anda Confer- Is politics an avenue or barrier to progress? This was the unspoken, under- ence panelist, decried the traditional ying question posed by the Conference's Political Mini-Clinic sponsored by the county arrangementwherebythe ,IEA Citizenship Committee. The dual nature of politics was revealed as con- superintendent'spoliticsdetermines erees engaged in exercises designed to determine the roadblocks to improve- the makeup of his teaching and ad- nents in education in Appalachia.Finding that some obstacles are rooted in ministrative staff. politics and that politics is also a constructive force, Conferenceparticipants de- "Skull-duggery" was the word used vised new roles for themselves as users of politics. by representatives of state departments One politically based problem which of education to describe theway local specially retards educational progress politicsinterferes with the develop- the unrealistic tax structure in the ment of statewide plans for educa- Appalachian region. Thiscomplex tional progress, and adversely affects problem, according to conferees, per- the distribution of federal andstate its the exportation of coal revenue funds. vhile local government is not able or "Make sure you bring allyour bats" 'Wing to stop this practice. Another when you play thegame of politics, problem analyzed by participantsis advisedMrs.Mary Anderson,key he ineffective use of federal and state speaker at the Conference's Political unds to plan and implement educa- Mini-Clinic. According to Mrs. Ander- ional programsinAppalachia. This son, assistant director of the Tennessee roblem has its roots in the patronage Aeronautics Commission and former ystem of the schools. Tennesseestatesenator,"the only The educators, parents, and students languagethelegislatorspeaks is t the Mini-Clinic found that politics V-O-T-E-S. Play the ballgame that's an help themsolve the problems being played, the way it's being played, aused by politics. and in the same ball park."

8 Parents Secure School Lunches i'v°3111e3. The successful drive by some West Virginia parents in 1967 to secure a hot lunch program for their children was reported to an appreciativeCon- ference audience by Mrs. Lola Brad- ford. Mrs. Bradford, chairman of the Mingo County Education Committee in West Virginia and a Conference panelist, said that "parents can improve the The above picture and those on page 8 are scenes from the Confer- schools withorwithout educators' ence Political Clinic. help."Sheimpliedthateducators would be wise to pay more attention to parents' demands. Political Matching Quiz According to Mrs. Bradford, parents proved the need for a lunch program 1. Executive secretaries of state teachers associations and conferred with the local school 2. U. S. Senators from: boardandstaffsuperintendentof a. Kentucky schools about itsestablishment. "At b. North Carolina one point," said Mrs. Bradford, "we c. Tennessee rw were told to set up booths along the d. Virginia road and feed the kids ourselves." e. West Virginia Finding the school board's $900-a- 3. Black lung bill year income limitationunsatisfactory 4. Coal mine safety legislation once the program was authorized, the 5. Chairman, Senate Public Works Committee parents called a school strike in a 16- 6. Chairman, House Education Committee r county area which threatened defeat A. Dr. I. E. Buff, Charleston, W. Va. of a school bond issue. HEW finally B. Jennings Randolph I overturned the local guidelines, mak- C. Carl Perkins ing lunches available to more children. D. House Committee on Labor and Public Welfare E. Jennings Randolph Robert C. Byrd F. Harry F. Byrd, Jr. William B. Spong, Jr. 4 G. John Sherman Cooper Marlow W. Cook H. Sam J. Ervin, Jr. B. Everett Jordan L Albert Gore Howard Baker J. J. M. Dodson, A. C. Dawson, E. B. Palmer, Donald C. Shall, T. Preston Turner, Phares E. Reeder Prepared by Damon Weber, NEA Citizenship Committee. Answers appear on page 20. r "The region's sch Doi system is still hopelessly bogged down in politics. As a rule the school clique is interwoven withthe courthouse political machine which spends county funds and discreetly oversees the local managementof the State Aid programs.. ..They keep the schools enmeshed in endless political brawls. The tensions generated by the politicians are reflected incynical teachers who know they are more often hired for theirvote-getting power than for their teaching skill.. .,dilapidated school buildings, tattered collections of books posing as libraries, comparativelypalatial gyms and recurring crops of educa- Senator Jennings Randolph delivers the tionally stunted high school graduates." keynote address: "...in the final analysis, From Night Comes to the Cumberlands the educational process will be determined by Harry M. Caudill by the people of our area."

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Conferees Call For Needed Dialogue

"Our schools tend to be islandswhich make no attempt to relate tothe community," said Cecil Upchurch, aConference panelist and presidentof the Haywood County Education Association inNorth Carolina. Nearly every group at the Conference agreed. The school-community communications gap was especiallyvoiced by parents who protestedtheir exclusion from the education system. Theysaid Breathitt Predicts that the school board does notad- Schools Will Use dress itself to parents, board meetings and teacher aides Community Resources are not publicized, are not properly used.Teachers com- Educatio Former Kentucky GovernorEdward municate only superficially with their Breathitt challenged educators at the pupils, they continued, and parents Conference to address themselves to hesitate to speak up, within the PTA the community: or outside, for fear ofreprisals against lines of de-their children. . . . the unnatural the C marcation between school and non- Educators generally agreed with the school experiences need to be re- parents. The teachersidentified the examined toenrichtherelations lack of parental involvement intie between the two. Program designs schools as a regional educational prob- may dictate arestructured relation- lem. Conferees representing local edu- ship between the school as an in- cation association leadership expressed Participa stitution and other community in- a similar need for parentalinvolve- stitutions. ment. The old system of fittingpro- Failure by administrators to realize For Great grams to personnelought to bethat community pressures wil!solve "The solution to Appalachia's reversed. When thisis done, new Appalachia'seducationaldifficulties declared Mrs. Farris Vaden, a Con personnel resources come into view, was cited as a major problem by repre- Tennessee Congress of Parents and ranging from mothers servingas sentatives of state departments of edu- Conference partic teachers' aides, older students tutor- cation. They further implied that the by Jack Weller. between the sc ing younger ones, and community school and community must improve to bridge the gap that professionals offering orientation in their relationship. Mrs.Vaden announced worke their specialty. It may be that "regu- Superintendents of schools attend- organization is hiring a field lar" educational personnel are goinging the Conference said there is too help local PTA units plan the impr to have to come more squarely tomuch of the wrong kind of community ment of their schools and communi grips with the fact of continuousinvolvement and too little of the kind "Our PTAinTennessee," she make retaining as a way of life. which produces educational progress. ...is projecting plans to organization more effective notonl Appalachia but statewide."

10 N. Parents Take Part In Education While many conferees addressed themselvesto the need for community involvement in the schools, LINC's executive directorRichard Ray offered a practical framework for parents to enter the educationsystem. "Different de- grees of responsibility are involved in teaching," Dr. Ray said, "and people should be paid according to the responsibility theyassume in the system rather than their experience." Mrs. Mary Lea Webster, a Confer- Neighborhood Groups ence participant and Head Start aide from Williamson, West Virginia, helps Study Education five-year-olds get ready for the first Some Conference participants went grade.Parents come tothe Vinson home with plans to bring thecom- Street Head Start Center, she said, "to munity into the world of education. Belongsto see what their children are taught and The MountainView Discussion how they learn by themselves,"an Group ismeeting inKnoxville, Ten- opportunity not afforded by the pub- nessee, according to Conference-made lic schools. The program also enables plans of Mrs. Almetor King,a coun- munity teachers to get to know parents, Mrs. selor from Knoxville, and C. Conrad Webster added. Browne, directorof the Highlander Center in Knoxville. They haveorgan- ized three community meetings about civil liberties and civil rights, andone group has been considering the issue Share Plans of student unrest. Mrs. Kingisen- couraging others to join or form their own discussion groups. Involvement Mrs.CharleneMichael, aparent from Knoxville, made plans to bring blems must come from the local scene," her neighbors to school boardmeet- ce panelist.Mrs. Vaden, president of the ings and visit pupils' homes toem- chers, was quoting from Yesterday's People phasize the need for parental involve- is seemed united as they reportedon ways ment. and community in Appalachia. The West Virginia group at the Con- ference decided to developmore ef- Ath.Q: fectiverelationships between the Adults in Beckley, West Virginia, partici- school and community. Statingthat pate in a special education program.(14) "parent involvement, not better teaching, is the key to improved schools," Beckley Adults the group determined tosurvey community needs and inform teachers and Attend Class education association leaders at home Adult educationclassesare con- about the importance of the com- ducted in 13 centers in Raleigh Coun- fitt munityintheeducationalprocess. ty, West Virginia, said conferee John The group mentioned initsreport Hartsog. Mr. Hartsog, a principalin thatit would work on a follow-up Beckley, reported that 350 adults are statewide conference focusing on the enrolled in the classes which include schools and community. remedial,academic, andvocational The group from Madison County, subjects. Several centers operate only NorthCarolina, made similar back- in the evenings, Mr. Hartsog said, but home plans, but stressed the role of others,suchasthe TeelCenterin the college in the community. Action Beckley, are open the whole day, five step; planned by this group include days a week. Plans are also being de- seminarsforfaculty,students,and veloped fora mobile classroomto community resource people. bring the program to isolated areas.

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Folk Music WelcomesConferees Pikeville College introduced Conferenceparticipants !Dieted their blue registration cards. to their task by greeting them with the voices of Jean Conferees and other readersmay wish to learn some Ritchie, Billy Edd Wheeler, and DocWatson. A record of these folk songs. Followingare the lyrics to a tune by playerfilled the AdministrationBuilding lobby with Billy Edd Wheeler and three stanzas ofa black ballad Appalachian folk music, while educators,parents, stu- which portray the deep feeling and strength ofthe Ap- dents, businessmen, andagency representatives corn- palachian character.

JOHN HENRY RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD They took John Henry to the tunnel, Oh, can't you see the pretty little bird Put him in the lead to drive, Singing with all his heart and soul? The rock was so tall, John Henryso small, He's got a blood red spot on his wing, That he lied down his hammer and he cried, Lawd,Lawd, And all the rest of him is blackas coal. Lied down his hammer and he cried. Of all the colors I ever didsee, John Henry started on the right hand, Red and black are theones I dread, The steam drill started on the left, For when a man spills blood on the coal, "'Fo' I'd let that steam drill beat me down, They carry him down from the coal minedead. I'd hammer my fool self to death, Lawd,Lawd, I'd hammer my fool self to death." Fly away you red-winged bird. Leave behind the miner's wife. John Henry told his captain, She'll dream about you when you'regone. "A man ain't nothin' but aman, She'll dream aboutyou all her life. 'Fo' I let your steam drill beatme down I'll die with this hammer inmy hand, Lawd, Lawd, Oh, can't you see the little black bird I'll die with this hammer inmy hand." Singing with all his heart and soul? He's got a blood red poton his wing, And all the rest of him is blackas coal. (16) National Folk Festival To Be In Knoxville This year,the National Folk Festivalwillreturn to Appalachia.The thirty-second annualfestival will be held in Knoxville, Tennessee,on October 16-18. Com- munities in Kentucky, NorthCarolina, Tennessee, Vir- ginia, and West Virginia, whichthemselvessponsor over 50 festivals eachyear, will have an opportunityto send their most talented performersto Knoxville to participate in th;s competition. The folk singers anddancers, musicians,storytellers, and craftsmen who performand exhibit at folk festivals learned and developedtheir talents at homerather than in the school. The festival both honors them andkeeps alive a traditional andfast-fading way of life.

12 Sociology Workshop Links Spirit of Appalachia Mountain Heritage, Education "Jesse Stuart's poetry ought to be taught in Appalachia's schools," remarked a participant in the Sociology Work. shop at the Conference. This statement voiced the con- viction frequently expressed during the workshop that educators should begintotreatas sympathetic the processes of education and the heritage of Appalachia. 4 "A reconciliation is called for," said Dr. Cratis Williams of Appalachian State University."Education need not imply an attack on people's philosophy." 'Fa s or And I came back where there is poetry Among the streams and hills and skies I love; fi And I came back a brother to the tree; My home the roof of flying clouds above I came and threw myself upon the ground. 4 I put my hands upon green growing weeds. And then I said: "At last, my life I've found. For this is all my hungry body needs." Who doomed my body for a steel machine And patterned it for dollars and for cents? This brain cannot forget when weeds are green. am` This brain cannot forget the body will be spent. kkrtki But last the call of earth I have obeyed. f4"0,4,A. I found life in the heart of earth and stayed. t'^t4541-:.;.*7.7"',et 40

1.4. From the book MAN WITH A BULL-TONGUE PLOW by Jesse Stuart. Copyright 0 1934, 1959 by Jesse Stuart. Dutton Paperback Edi- tion. Reprinted by permission of E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc.

MOUNTAIN LIFE & THE MAGAZINE OF THE APPALACHIAN SOUTH

(17) APRIL 196945 CENTS

Vw Appalachian Program Ideas 1. Make a list of oustanding people from Appalachia musicians,storytellers,dancers,singers;craftsmen, artists; 1,-,ets, novelists, critics; historians. 2. Start a record collection; develop bibliographies on Appalachian history, geography, economics. culture; rg,t-,, locate films about Appalachia. yy 3. Find out which folk festivals are held in your state by writing for a free list to Archive of Folk Song .4 Music Division Library of Congress owe Washington, D. C. 20504 ;0"...kra.1.1 4. Together with a community, business, church, or civic organization in your area, undertake an Appalachian cultural project. r 5. Make plans for a monthly "Appalachia Day."This ..5:23/4Itifiouxuatv, program could include a lecture series, entertainment, 14.;:14Yite74?" ' discussion, rehearsals, film showings. MOUNTAIN LIFE AND WORK is published by the Council of

AIMS ..=1...=.1,..1. the Southern Mountains. (18)

13 StateLeadership is Vita

State Departments, Associations Need Cooperative Planning 11.3 111.1.7, More cooperation between state departments of education and state education associations is necessary if Ap- palachia is to develop comprehensive plans to meet its educational needs, agreed representatives of both groups at the Conference. s ,mss Conferees from Pile County, Ken- tucky, identified lack of such cooperation as a major problem in the area, Edward Breathitt Proposes and Charles Foltz told the Conference that filling the need for comprehensive State Information Systems planning resources at the state level is a prime goal of the Appalachian Re- "State departments of education must provide the heart of a statewide gional Commission. management information system," remarked Edward Breathitt, in order to 'col- lect accurate information about change and translate it into program revision." Speeches delivered by Senator Ran- "One of the fundamental problems in rural areas," continued Mr. Breathitt, dolph and the former Governor of"has been that programs have been designed tofit into existing institutions Kentucky, Edward Breathitt, each con- and personnel charts where they simply would not go." tained warnings that unless coopera- Mr. Breathitt continued, saying that tive plans are made, Appalachia will "the program which would emerge Senator Randolph continue to suffer insufficient federal from the design process in most areas funding of programs and inefficient Discusses increased would almost certainly be at variance distribution of funds received. Sena- with existing institutional forms and State Responsibility torRandolphremarkedthatfuture personnel qualifications." He said that Congressionallegislationmay"au- "program design is essentially a 'boat- Congresshasgivenstate depart- thorize a combination of federal cate- rocking' operation." ments of education increased respon- gorical grants-in-aid, general functional block grants, and per-capita general Systems cannot be changed over- sibilities for the administration of the supportpayments."Thispossibility night or by any one district, the former Elementary and Secondary Education willnecessitate comprehensive state go. ernor of Kentucky cautioned, but Act, announced Senator Jennings Ran- planning. According to Mr. Breathitt, must be developed around the state dolph at the Conference. education systems must be redesigned department of education. "Every state, and administered "to meet challenges of course, has such a system, whether "Provision was made by Congress which are common to both rural and itis recognized as such or not," hefor the gradual transition of TitleIII urbanareas."He urgedstatewide said. "The taskis to make it explicit, from the Office of Education to state planning. efficient, and effective." departments of education," the Sena- tor from West Virginia reported. "Dur- ing the coming fiscal year, 1969, state departments of education could have responsibility for up to 75 percent of wr the funds and the Office of Education 25 percent. The following year, state departments of education would have responsibility for 100 percent of the I funds."

14 oGood Education

Panelist Describes N. Caro 'Ina 'Learning institute "Educators who are intimately involved with the administration of the public schools need another, more objective, source for advice about changing their schools," said Richard Ray, a Conference panelist.Dr. Ray, executive director of the Learning Institute of North Carolina, gave this reason for the establishment of LINC as an independent educational research agency by the North Carolina Board of Education. Since 1964, said Dr. Ray, LINC has given objective leadership to the state's schools.

LINC'sProject Change deals with Dr. Ray, isthe Leadership Identifica- curriculumdevelopment, in-service tion and DevelOpment Project, which training,andleadershipworkshops, trainspotentialleadersandoffers Kentucky Develops saidDr. Ray. The LINC Summer Pro- master's degree programs to some, in Negro History gram, he continued,is a research project concerning high school youth. a manner similar to that of the Teach- Curriculum Guide The Child Development and Training er Corps. In addition, LINC provides Center contains a preschool labora-technical services toNorth Carolina Guidelinesforteaching minority- tory and provides family services andschools in the areas of reading, pre-group historyhave been developed training for Head Start personnel. and distributed by the Kentucky State school education, and designing Department of Education, which was Another LINC program, continued ESEA Title III projects. represented at the conference by Tim Alexander, deputy superintendent; It4STITullp OF k BernardGravitt,educationadvisory '.ORTh %AkousA specialist; and W. C. Shattles, director of equal education opportunity. Contributions of the Negro to Amer- ican Life and Culture: A Resource Unit forImprovingIntergroupRelations Through Instruction focuses on the integration of Negro history into the regular schoolcurriculum. Consider- able space inthe 128-page book is devotedtoacurriculum framework for intergroup education. Regional Commission Works With States States Plan For The Future Before leaving Pikeville College, con- Elimination of apathy. Each of the 13 Appalachian state fereesmettoidentifyeducationalTennessee: governors appoints a representative to goals for their states. Involving the whole community in the Education Advisory Committee of Kentucky: providingeducationalprogramsfor Effective use and pooling of com- the Appalachian Regional Commission. adults and children; munityresourcestoutilizefederal Making teacher training relevant. The members of the Committee, re- funds; Virginia: ported Charles Foltz, its executive di- Telling the story of education to the Planning follow-up conferences de- rector, help governors and their repre-public. signed to solve educational problems. sentatives formulate educational plans North Carolina; West Virginia: to meet state and local needs and act Effective implementation of an early Development of more effective rela- childhood education program; tionships between schools and com- as an advisory body to the Commis- Involving colleges in the community;munities. sion.

15 FederalSupport Fo

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IMPROVING LEARNING RESOURCES

Type of Assistance Authorization Application

At the state level: National Defense Education Act, TitleState education agencies apply to Divi- Stateadministration(strengthenad-III sion ofPlansandSupplementary ministration instate education agen- Centers, USOE (U. S. Office of Educa- cies) tion, Washington, D. C.)

Strengthening state education agencies[SEA, Title V State education agencies apply to Divi- (improve leadership resources) sionofStateAgencyCooperation, USOE

Interlibrary cooperation (establish co-Library Services and Construction Act,Statelibraryadministrativeagencies operative networks of libraries) litleIII apply to Division of Library Services and Educational Facilities, USOE

At the college level: Higher Education Act, Title I Colleges and universities apply to state Communityserviceprograms(help agencies or institutions designated to communities solve problems) administer state plans

At the local level: ESEA, TitleIII localeducationagenciesapplyto Supplementary centers (provide serv- state education agency or Division of ices not offered in schools) Plans andSupplementary Centers, USOE

MEETING THE DROPOUT PROBLEM

Type of Assistance Authorization Application

Dropout prevention (develop ways toESEA, Title VIII Local school districtsinlow-income reduce dropout rate) areas apply to state education agency and Division of Plans and Supplemen- tary Centers, USOE

Follow-Through (provide special edu-Economic Opportunity Act Designated local educational agencies cation program for early elementary apply to Bureau of Educational Person- grades for pupils who have completed nel Development, Teacher Corps, Head Start) USOE

Occupational training and retrainingManpowerDevelopmentand TrainingLocal school authorities apply to state (equip persons for work) Act vocational education agency

Talent search (identify and encourageHigher Education Act, Title IV-A Colleges,stateandlocal education students to complete high school and agencies, public and nonprofit institu- enter college) tionsapplytoDivisionofStudent Financial Aid, USOE

16 Appalachia's Schools KANAWHA Ty PUBLIC LIBRARY

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DEVELOPING NEEDED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS Type of Assistance Authorization Application Adult basic education (provide literacyAdult EducationAct State education agencies apply to Divi- program for adults) sionof Adult EducationPrograms, USOE (U. S. Office of Education, Wash- ington, .D. C.)

Guidance, counseling, and testingin National Defense Education Act,Publicelementary and secondary public schools (establish and maintainTitle V-A schools, junior colleges, and technical programs) institutesapplytostateeducation agencies

Head Start (provide preschool educa-Economic Opportunity Act Localeducation,community action tional program) and government agencies, colleges and universities, voluntary groups, and non- profitprivate organizations apply to local community action agency or Of- fice of Economic Opportunity in Wash- ington, D. C.

Special programs for the disadvantagedESEA, TitleI Localschool districts apply tostate (offerremedialreading,hirestaff, education agencies acquire equipment, provide dropout programs, etc.)

PROGRAMS FOR TEACHING PERSONNEL Type of Assistance Authorization Application Desegregation training grants (improveCivil Rights Act of 1964 Teachers and other public school per- ability of school personnel to deal with sonnel apply toparticipating institu- desegregation problems) tions;information from Divisionof Equal Educational Opportunities, USOE

Educationalpersonneltrainingpro-Education Professions DevelopmentProspective and experienced education grams (train and retrain teachers andAct, Part D personnel apply to participating col- aides) leges,orlocal and state education agencies

Teacher Corps (offer education andEducation Professions DevelopmentState andlocaleducation agencies, internship program leading to master'sAct, Part B-1 colleges, and universities apply to Bu- degree in teaching) reau of Educational Personnel Develop- ment, Teacher Corps, USOE National teaching fellowships(forHigher Education Act, Title III Graduate students or junior faculty teachers in small colleges) members apply to participating institutions

17 ConfereesRepresented TheseOrganizations: State Organizations Colleges and Universities Kentucky Department of Public School Systems Instruction Appalachian State University, Boone, Kentucky Education Association N. C. Ashe County Schools, N. C. Berea College, Berea, Ky. Kentucky Program Development Canton Schools, N. C. Office Bluefield State College, Bluefield, Kentucky State PTA W. Va. Elkhorn City Schools, Ky. Campbellsville College, Williamsburg, Learning Institute of North Carolina Ky. Elkin Schools, N. C. Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, North Carolina ACT Ky. Floyd County Board of Education, Ky. Knoxville College, Knoxville,Tenn. Kingwood Board of Education, W. North Carolina EconomicOpportunity Va. Office Marjorie Webster Junior College, Oak Ridge Schools, Tenn. Washington, D. C. North Carolina Education Pike County Schools, Ky. Association Marshall University, Huntington, North Carolina State PTA W. Va. Preston County Board of Education, W.Va. Mars Hill College, Mars Hill, N. C. North Carolina State School Pulaski County Public Schools, Va. Boards Milligan College, Johnson City, Association Tenn. Raleigh County Schools, W. Va. Pikeville College, Pikeville, Ky. North Carolina Teacher Washington County School Board,Va. Corps Tennessee Technological University, North Carolina Teachers Wilkes County Public Schools,N. C. Association Cookeville, Tenn. Tennessee Aeronautics Commission Tusculum College, Greenville, Tennessee Education Association Tenn. Local Associations University of West Virginia,Morgantown, Aurora PTA, Aurora, W. Va. Tennessee State PTA W. Va. Virginia Education Association Cabe!! County EducationAssociation, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, West Virginia ACT Huntington, W. Va. N. C. Regional Organizations Elkhorn City PTA, ElkhornCity, Ky. Wilmington College, Wilmington, Appalachia Educational Laboratory Ohio Floyd County HealthServices Program, McDowell, Ky. Appalachian Regional Commission Community Agencies Appalachian Volunteers Haywood County EducationAssociation, Community Education Project, Council of the Southern Boston, Waynesville, N. C. Mountains Mass. Oak Ridge EducationAssociation, Dayton Daily News Grass Roots Community Action, Eastern Kentucky Educational Oak Ridge, Tenn. Development Barwick, Ky. Pike County Education Corporation Association, Highlander Center, Knoxville,Tenn. Pikeville, Ky. Eastern Kentucky EducationAssociation Involvement Education, Berea,Ky. Preston County ACT, BrucetonMills, Louisville Courier-Journal Job Corps, Charleston, W. Va. W. Va. Tennessee Valley Authority Mingo County Economic Opportunity Raleigh County EducationAssociation, National Organizations Council, Williamson, W.Va. Beckley, W. Va. Association of Classroom Teachers Mountain Projects, Inc.,Waynesville, N. C. Roanoke PTA, Roanoke,Va. College Press Service Neighborhood Youth Corps,Eastern, Ky. Institute for Rural America Opportunity Corps, Marshall,N. C. Student NEA Orange-Chatham CommunityAction United Presbyterian Church, Board of Agency, Chapel Hill, N. C. STATE STEERING National Missions Raleigh County CommunityAction COMMITTEE VISTA Agency, Beckley, W. Va. OVVEN ARNOLD,Assistant Director of Upper French Broad EducationDevelop- Program Development, Kentucky ment Commission, Fletcher,N. C. Education Association ROSCOE KEENEY, President,West Vir- ginia Association of Classroom Teachers GEORGE MATHIS, Deanof Students, Cleveland StateCommunity College, Cleveland, Tennessee RALPH SHOTWELL,Director of West- ern Regional Office, VirginiaEduca- tion Association, Roanoke 0 CHARLES STOUT,FieldConsultant, 411..< ,JVAl North Carolina ato 411111E1!:; Education Associa- -. `/A1114111*t :11111111k2M111' 1 tion flul*-1":;;; MARY VENABLE, - 7- President, North Carolina Association .44'A of Classroom Teachers r Conference Coordinator:MARY ANN SCOTT, NEACenterfor Human Relations

ConferenceWriter: MARYKEPECS, NEA Center forHuman Rights Training Consultant:BETTY ELLIS, As- sistant Professorof Education, Uni- (22) versity of Florida,Gainesville, Florida 18 WORKSHOP CONSULTANTS Utilization of federal, state, local, and business resources Jerry Abarbanel, Pikeville College, Pikeville, Ky. Charles Foltz, Executive Director, Education and Man- power Committee, Appalachian Regional Com- mission, Washington, D.C. Lars Forssenius, Southern Varnish Corporation, Roanoke, Va. Building and effective local education association Mrs.Ruth Jones,President, North Carolina Teachers Association, Raleigh, N. C. -411K40-,_ Mrs. Jean Par lett, Assistant Secretary, NEA Citizenship Committee

Building new power relationships among schools, com- (23) munity agencies, arid parents Steve Block, VISTA Special Projects, Washington, D. C. RESOURCE AGENCIES Dr. Richard Comfort, Professor of Sociology, Pikeville College, Pikevillc, Ky. Appalachia Educational Laboratory P. 0. Box 1348 Role of higher education Charleston, West Virginia 25325 C. Conrad Browne, Highlander Research and Educa- Commission on Religion in Appalachia tional Center, Knoxville, Tenn. i 114 West Clinch Avenue Lemuel DeVoe, Professor of Political Science, Bluefield Knoxville, Tennessee 37916 State College, Bluefield, W. Va. Richard Hoffman, professor of Political Science, Mars Council of the Southern Mountains Hill College, Mars Hill, N. C. College Box 2307 Berea, Kentucky 40403 Role of college students and Student NEA Economic Opportunity Technical Assistance Offices: Mel My ler, Student NEA, Washington, D. C. Division of Economic Opportunity Sociology and culture of Appalachia Kentucky Program Development Office Dr.Robert Adams, Associate Professor of Sociology, 213 St, Clair Street Pikeville College, Pikeville, Ky. Frankfort, Kentucky 40601 Dr. Leonard Roberts, Pikeville College,, Pikeville, Ky. Department of Administration Adapting the educational curriculum tothe needs of State Planning Task Force Appalachian children Economic Opportunity Program Dr.Richard Howard, Professor of Special Education, P. O. Box 1351 Pikeville College, Pikeville, Ky. Raleigh, North Carolina 27602 Edwin Jones, Eastern Kentucky Educational Develop- State Economic Opportunity Office ment Corporation, Ashland, Ky. 100 Arlington Avenue Recruitment of teachers for Appalachia Nashville, Tennessee 37210 BillGravitt, Office of Equal Educational Opportunity, Virginia Office of Economic Opportunity Kentucky Department of Education, Frankfort, Ky. 1010 James Madison Building Freda Hamlin, Teacher, Huntington, W. Va. 109 Governor Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 Group discussion leaders: West Virginia Economic Opportunity Agency Lexie Allen, Eastern, Ky. 1716 McClung Street David Clevinger, Pikeville, Ky. Charleston, West Virginia 25331 Ruth W. Edelen, Williamson, W. Va. Rita Hatfield, Pikeville, Ky. Education Advisory Committee L. D. Hyde, Fletcher, N. C. Appalachian Regional Commission Sally Keen, Pikeville, Ky. 1666 Connecticut Avenue, N.W. John Lenti, Lester, W. Va. Washington, D.C. 20235 Donald Meadows, Pilgrim Knob, Va. Learning Institute of North Carolina James Powell, Elkhorn City, Ky. 1006 Lamond Avenue Archie Rogers, Kingwood, W. Va. Durham, North Carolina 27701 Betty Rowland, Prestonsburg, Ky. Regional Educational Laboratory for the Carolinas Darlene Smith, Pikeville, Ky. and Virginia Ronald Turner, McDowell, Ky. Mutual Plaza Cecil Upchurch, Waynesville, N. C. Durham, North Carolina 27701

19 COUNCIL ON HUMAN RELATIONS EXTERNAL AUXILIARY COUNCIL CENTER FOR HUMAN RELATIONS Organization Walter J. O'Brien, devrlopmentdirec- Representative STAFF 1968-69 tor, New Jersey Education Associa- American Friends Service tion, Chairman Committee..Mary M. Cuthbertson Samuel B. Ethridge Director Joseph Duncan, principal, Yanceyville, Anti-Defamation i_eague of Boyd Bosma Coordinator for N. C., Vice-Chairman B'nai B'rith Wager Plotch Civil Liberties Council of the Southern Mountains, Bernice C. Brigham Administrative Mrs. Catharine 01C. Barrett, NEA Di- Inc. rector, N. Y., pres., NYSTA Loyal Jones Assistant League of United Latin-American BettyI. Deborah B. Campbell Program Buford, ACT president-elect, Citizens Eduardo Pena Association of Classroom Teachers, National Association for the Assistant Texas Advancement of Colored Martha D. Dotch Program Assistant Nicholas E. Duff, vice-chairman, Corn- People June Shagaloff Susan Fleming..Professional Assistant miss i c..n Professional Rights and National Urban League, Beth Glover...Consultant for Human Responsibilities, Minn. Inc. Dr. Ermon Hogan Relations Development Edward C. Eliott, consultant,Commis- Southern Christian Leadership Mary Kepecs... sion on Human Rights and Respon- Conference Dorothy Cotton Professional Assistant sibilities, Oregon Education Associa- U. S. Office of Education, Rosena J. Willis Coordinator for tion HEW Dr. Gregory R. Anrig Intergroup Relations George D.Fischer, NEA pres., NEA U. S. Commission on Civil John P. Carter, Edith Goldman, Sandra Headquarters, ex officio Rights Howard A. Glickstein Y.Ibrahim, Rose C. Moses,Lilly U. S. Community Relations Murray, Krishana Mrs. Jean D. Grambs (Dr.), prof., Col- Service George W. Culberson legeofEducation,Universityof Williams....Stock and Secretariat Maryland Mrs. Juanita Kidd, NEA Director, Okla. Other Contributors to This Report ClymathesKing,classroomteacher, Damon Weber, Edward F. Winston Jackson, Miss. Credits for Pictures Not Taken by Sam M. Lambert (Dr.), NEAexec. secy., Conference Photographer NEA Headquarters, ex officio 1, 8Office of Economic Oppor-tains; 10, 22, 23NEA, Joe DiDio; 11 Mrs. Lillian Madison, classroom teach- tunity, Paul Conklin; 2, 21Appalach-Pikeville City Schools; 12Mars Hill er, High Point, N. C. ianRegionalCommission; 3-0E0, College; 14John D. Hartsog, Beckley, ArthurTress;4, Leo Reano, classroom teacher, Santo 9Project UpperWest Virginia; 15, 17Office of Eco- Domingo Pueblo, New Mex. Cumberland; 5Appalachian Regional nomic Opportunity; 19North Caro- Commission, Wilma Frishe; lina Maria Urquides, NEA Director, Ariz. 6, 16 LearningInstitute;20Eastern North Carolina Fund, Billy Barnes; 7, Kentucky Educational Wade Wilson Development (Dr.), NEA Executive13, 18Council of the Southern Moun- Corporation. Committee, pres., Cheyney College, Cheyney, Pa. Quotation Acknowledgments Staff Contact: Night Comes to the Cumberlands mission of Little, Brown and Company. Samuel B. Ethridge, asst.exec. secy., by Harry M. Caudill. Copyright 0 1962, "Red-WingedBlackbird"byBilly NEA Headquarters 1963, by Harry M. Caudill. Atlantic Edd Wheeler. Reprinted by permission Monthly Press Book. Reprinted byper- Consultant: of Sleepy Hollow Music Corporation. Allan M. West,assoc. exec. secy., NEA Headquarters

Key to Political Quizon Page 9 1-J; 2a-G, 2b-H, 2c-1, 2d-F, 2e-E; 3-A; 4-D; 5-8; 6-C. Score: 7-10Involved 5-6 Knowledgeable 3-4 Informed 2 Concerned 1 Needs help 0 Call a friend

20 IAA .4, A . ;

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