PAKISTANIAAT A Journal of Pakistan Studies Volume 1, Number 2, 2009 ISSN 1946-5343 (Online); 1948-6529 (Print) http://pakistaniaat.org Sponsored by the Department of English, Kent State University Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies ISSN 1946-5343 (Online); 1948-6529 (Print) Pakistaniaat is a refereed, multidisciplinary, open-access academic journal, published semiannually in June and December, that offers a forum for a serious academic and cre- ative engagement with various aspects of Pakistani history, culture, literature, and politics. Editor Advisory Review Committee Masood A. Raja Zahid Shahab Ahmed, Zia Ahmed, Muhammed Hassan Ali, Robin L. Bellinson, Section Editors Charles Boewe, Cara Cilano, Anila Masood A. Raja, David Waterman, Deborah Daulatzai, Leslie Fadiga-Stewart, Waqar Hall, Jana Russ, Mahwash Shoaib, and Haider Hashmi, David Murad, Mustafa Yousaf Alamgirian Qadri, Naeem Ashraf Raja, and Zahid Shariff Copyeditors Zahid Shahab Ahmed, Robin L. Bellinson, Editorial Coordinator Jenny Caneen, Benjamin Kyle Gundy, Swaralipi Nandi Abroo Khan, Kolter Kiess, Abid Masood, David Murad, Sohomjit Ray, Dennis W. Chief Coordinator, Pakistan Bureau Reed, and Mashhood Ahmed Sheikh Waqar Haider Hashmi Layout Editor Editorial Board Jason W. Ellis Tahera Aftab, Fawzia Afzal-Khan, Kamran Asdar Ali, Katherine Ewing, Robin Proofreaders Goodman, Pervez Hoodbhoy, Babacar Jason Gosnell, Andrew J. Smith, and M’Baye, Mojtaba Mahdavi, Hafeez Malik, Elizabeth Hays Tussey Muhammad Umar Memon, Tariq Rahman, Amit Rai, Amritjit Singh, and Anita Weiss. Access Pakistaniaat online at http://pakistaniaat.org. You may contact the journal by mail at: Pakistaniaat, Department of English, Kent State Univeristy, Kent, OH 44242, United States, or email the editor at: [email protected]. The views presented in Pakistaniaat are those of the respective authors and should not be construed as the official views of anyone associated with the journal. All works published in Pakistaniaat are covered by a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No De- rivative Works 3.0 United States License. Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies Volume 1, Number 2, November 2009 Contributors Zia Ahmed is an HEC research scholar for PhD (ABD Satus) and teaches English language and literature up to the masters level as Asst. Prof. of English at Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Shaikh Muhammad Ali (BSEET, MBM) has a Bachelors in Electronics Engi- neering from University of Southern Colorado, USA and a Masters in Business Management from the Asian Institute of Management, Manila, Philippines. After having worked in the private sector locally & abroad for almost fourteen years, he is now working as the senior most Project Director (HRD) for the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan. Dr. Tanvir Ali is a Professor of Agricultural Extension, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. His research interests include rural development policies, de- centralisation and gender issues. Rizwan Akhtar is currently a PhD candidate at the University of Essex. His poems have appeared in Poetry Salzburg Review, Poetry NZ, Poesia,Wasafiri (forthcom- ing), decanto (forthcoming), tinfoildresses and a few have been anthologised by Poetry Forward Press, UK. Musharraf Ali Farooqi (Born July 26, 1968) is an author, novelist and translator. His internationally acclaimed translation of The Adventures of Amir Hamza was published by the Modern Library (2007). He has published the novel The Story of a Widow (Knopf Canada, 2008) and the children’s picture book The Cobbler’s Holi- day or Why Ants Don’t Wear Shoes (Neal Porter Book/Roaring Brook Press, 2008). He recently published his translation of the first book of the 24-volumeHoshruba - the world’s first magical fantasy epic. Wesleyan University Press Poetry Series will publish his translation of contemporary Urdu poet Afzal Ahmed Syed’s selected poetry “Rococo and Other Worlds” in Spring 2010. Dr. Eileen Geoffroy is tenured lecturer in English at the Université de La Rochelle, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, where she has been teaching English in the Business School since 1976. Sharon Hawley is a retired technical writer and AutoCad programmer for engi- Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies Vol. 1, No. 2 (2009) neering firms in the United States. She writes stories and poems now. She has never been to Pakistan, but hopes to spend time in Faisalabad soon, where she will help in humanitarian ways. Abroo H. Khan is a graduate student of Anthropology at Stanford University. Dr. Muhammad Umar Memon is Professor Emeritus of Urdu Literature and Is- lamic Studies at the University of Wisconsin, Madison and editor of the Annual of Urdu Studies. Marion Molteno was born in Bloemfontein, South Africa in 1944, and left South Africa in 1965 after being involved in student protests against the apartheid regime. She began writing fiction in her late thirties, drawing inspiration from the cross-cul- tural range of her life experience. Her short story collection, A Language in Com- mon (1987), reflects the experiences of the first generation of South Asian women in Britain. ‘The Bracelets’ a story on a similar theme, was a winner in the London short story competition (1995). Her first novel, A Shield of Coolest Air (1992), which won the 1993 David Thomas Award, was set among Somali refugees in London. If You Can Walk, You Can Dance (1998), which won the 1999 Common- wealth Writers Prize for the best book in the Africa region, is the story of a young woman’s life on the run across frontiers and life-styles, and also an exploration of the power of music. Her latest novel, Somewhere More Simple (2007), is set on the Isles of Scilly and explores relationships among outsiders in a small community cut off from the mainland. Daniyal Mueenuddin was brought up in Lahore, Pakistan and Elroy, Wisconsin. A graduate of Dartmouth College and Yale Law School, his stories have appeared in The New Yorker, Granta, Zoetrope, and The Best American Short Stories 2008, selected by Salman Rushdie. For a number of years he practiced law in New York. He now lives on a farm in Pakistan’s southern Punjab. Dr. Muhammad Junaid Nadvi got his PhD in Theology from University of Wales, UK and has been teaching Religious and Social Sciences since 1987. He has writ- ten 30 articles, 8 books, 5 research/editing works and 3 book reviews; held several national/international academic /administrative positions. He is currently serving HEC as an Assistant Professor at the International Islamic University Islamabad. Masood Ashraf Raja is an assistant professor of postcolonial literature at Kent State University and the author of Constructing Pakistan: Foundational Texts and the Rise of Muslim National Identity 1857-1947. Dr. Babar Shahbaz is visiting Fellow, Sustainable Development Policy Institute Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies Vol. 1, No. 2 (2009) (SDPI), Islamabad and Assistant Professor, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (Pakistan). His research fields include natural resource management (especially forests), participatory development, rural livelihoods and the poverty–environment nexus. He actively contributes to dialogues on these themes at various national and international fora. Mahwash Shoaib is a poet, scholar, and translator. Her creative work has appeared in anthologies and journals like Shattering the Stereotypes and Chain. Dr. David Waterman is Maître de conférences in English at the Université de La Rochelle, France, as well as a member of the research team CLIMAS (Cultures and Literatures of the English Speaking World) at the Université Michel de Montaigne, Bordeaux III, France. Louis Werner, a free-lance writer and filmmaker living in New York, is a contrib- uting editor at Américas, the cultural bimonthly of the Organization of American States. He can be reached at [email protected]. Mehreen Zahra-Malik is News Editor, The Friday Times, and a graduate student in the United States. She can be reached at [email protected]. Dr. Asad Zaman (BS MIT 74, Ph. D. Stanford 78) is a professor of Economics at International Islamic University, Islamabad. Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies Vol. 1, No. 2 (2009) Table of Contents In Memoriam--Ralph Russell (1918-2008) Remembering Ralph Russell Muhammad Umar Memon .......................................................................................1 Ralph Russell: Teacher, Scholar, and Friend Marion Molteno .....................................................................................................17 Articles Donor-Driven Participatory Forest Management and ‘Local Social Realities’: Insights from Pakistan Babar Shahbaz, Tanvir Ali .....................................................................................35 The Rhetoric of Democracy and War on Terror: The Case of Pakistan Masood Ashraf Raja ...............................................................................................60 Stabilizing Pakistan: The Importance of Religious Foundations Muhammad Junaid Nadvi ......................................................................................66 Pakistani Feminist Fiction and the Empowerment of Women Zia Ahmed ..............................................................................................................90 Reviews And the World Changed: Contemporary Stories by Pakistani Women, ed. Muneeza Shamsie David Waterman ..................................................................................................103 Burnt Shadows,