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Koreas Post-Conflict Peace Operations a Comparative Assessment of Korean Combat Battalions in East Timor and Lebanon

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Koreas Post-Conflict Peace Operations a Comparative Assessment of Korean Combat Battalions in East Timor and Lebanon View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2012-03 Koreas Post-Conflict Peace Operations A Comparative Assessment of Korean Combat Battalions in East Timor and Lebanon Shin, Seongkyoon Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6867 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS KOREA’S POST-CONFLICT PEACE OPERATIONS: A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF KOREAN COMBAT BATTALIONS IN EAST TIMOR AND LEBANON by Seongkyoon Shin March 2012 Thesis Co-Advisor: Naazneen H. Barma Sophal Ear Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) WashingtonDC20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED March 2012 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Korea’s Post-Conflict Peace Operations: A Comparative Assessment of Korean Combat Battalions in East Timor and Lebanon 6. AUTHOR(S) Seongkyoon Shin 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School REPORT NUMBER Monterey, CA93943-5000 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. IRB Protocol number ______N/A______. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited A 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200words) This thesis investigates the appropriate role of Korean peacekeepers in post-conflict societies and the function of the troop- contributing government of Korea in leading successful peace operations. It examines scholarly discussions regarding peacekeeping success—including conditions and criteria for successful peacekeeping—and applies the factors regarding mandates to Korean peace operations in East Timor and Lebanon. The two country case studies view the results of Korean peace operations from a long-term perspective, applying relevant evaluation factors closely related to the nature of peacekeeping force activities, and avoiding evaluations based on reports from local media and Korean pro-governmental news networks. For successful peace operations, troop-contributing governments should clearly and narrowly order the scope of force activities regardless of the specific field of activity. Despite claims that use of force is needed in more violent contemporary situations, rigorous adherence to the rule of engagement by military contingents will likely create positive outcomes if the force employs friendship-building efforts along with security operations. However, for more fruitful efforts in peacekeeping operations, the military troops and their government should be more deliberate regarding capacity-building activities to most benefit sustainable development and local ownership. 14. SUBJECT TERMS Korean peacekeeping; Peace operations; Scope of Mandate; Content of 15. NUMBER OF Mandate; Peacekeeping success; Civil-military activity; Humanitarian assistance; Friendship-building; PAGES Capacity-building; Local ownership; Sustainable development; Evaluation of military contingent’s 139 peace operations 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY 18. SECURITY 19. SECURITY 20. LIMITATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF THIS CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT REPORT PAGE ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UU NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 i THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ii Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited KOREA’S POST-CONFLICT PEACE OPERATIONS: A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF KOREAN COMBAT BATTALIONS IN EAST TIMOR AND LEBANON Seongkyoon Shin Captain, Republic of Korea Army B.S. International Relations, Korea Military Academy, 2003 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN SECURITY STUDIES (STABILIZATION AND RECONSTRUCTION) from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL March 2012 Author: Seongkyoon Shin Approved by: Naazneen H. Barma Thesis Co-Advisor Sophal Ear Thesis Co-Advisor Daniel Moran Chair, Department of National Security Affairs iii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK iv ABSTRACT This thesis investigates the appropriate role of Korean peacekeepers in post-conflict societies and the function of the troop-contributing government of Korea in leading successful peace operations. It examines scholarly discussions regarding peacekeeping success—including conditions and criteria for successful peacekeeping—and applies the factors regarding mandates to Korean peace operations in East Timor and Lebanon. The two country case studies view the results of Korean peace operations from a long-term perspective, applying relevant evaluation factors closely related to the nature of peacekeeping force activities, and avoiding evaluations based on reports from local media and Korean pro-governmental news networks. For successful peace operations, troop- contributing governments should clearly and narrowly order the scope of force activities regardless of the specific field of activity. Despite claims that use of force is needed in more violent contemporary situations, rigorous adherence to the rule of engagement by military contingents will likely create positive outcomes if the force employs friendship- building efforts along with security operations. However, for more fruitful efforts in peacekeeping operations, the military troops and their government should be more deliberate regarding capacity-building activities to most benefit sustainable development and local ownership. v THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK vi TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1 A. KOREA’S ROLE IN INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS .................................................................................................1 B. RESEARCH PROBLEM AND HYPOTHESES ..........................................2 C. LITERATURE REVIEW ...............................................................................4 1. Criteria for Evaluating Peacekeeping Success ..................................4 2. South Korean Scholarship on Peacekeeping ...................................10 D. METHODS AND SOURCES ........................................................................11 II. MANDATES AND MISSION IMPLEMENTATION ...........................................15 A. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................15 B. THE SCOPE OF MANDATES ....................................................................16 C. THE CONTENT OF MANDATES ..............................................................19 D. MANDATES FOR MILITARY CONTINGENTS IN PEACEKEEPING..........................................................................................23 III. ASSESSMENT OF A KOREAN COMBAT BATTALION IN EAST TIMOR ..27 A. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................27 B. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE CONFLICT IN EAST TIMOR............................................................................................................28 C. KOREAN PARTICIPATION AND OBJECTIVES IN EAST TIMOR ...30 D. THE KOREAN PEACEKEEPING MANDATE IN EAST TIMOR ........35 E. ACTIVITIES OF KOREAN FORCES IN EAST TIMOR ........................38 1. Maintaining Security and Order ......................................................38 2. Civil-Military Activities .....................................................................41 a. Activities by Mandate 1: Humanitarian Relief ......................43 b. Activities by Mandate 2: Friendship-Building .......................45 c. Activities for Capacity Building ..............................................47 F. ASSESSMENTS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF KOREAN FORCES IN EAST TIMOR ................................................................................................50 1. Assessment of Korean Force Security Activities .............................50 2. Assessment of Korean Force Civil-Military Activities ...................53 a. Assessment of Activities for Humanitarian Relief .................53 b. Assessment of Friendship-Building Activity ..........................57 c. Assessment of Capacity-Building Activity ..............................60 G. CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................65 IV. ASSESSMENT OF A KOREAN COMBAT BATTALION IN LEBANON ........69
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