AUGUST 1983 AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETYS 38th ANNUAL MEETING Join Us in Philadelphia

ast year Philadelphia ient to most of the historic: celebrated its 300th sites of Philadelphia Sign up l anniversary- a happy for our Post-Conference Tour marriage of people and plants. and visit even more lovely Founded as the City of gardens and arboreta in Brotherly Love and as a Pennsylvania, New Jersey and 1/ greene Country Towne," it New York before returning to and the surrounding Dela­ Philadelphia. ware Valley today boast the If it's gardens you want to largest concentration of bo­ see, don't miss Philadelphia tanical gardens and arboreta this fall. There's still time to of any region in the nation register. Call the Education We will explore this region Office for a Registration Pac­ rich in gardens and garden ket. Read more about the history during our 38 th Delaware Valley on page 15 Annual Meeting September of this issue. 14-17. Elizabeth D. Hume In association with the The Morris Arboretum Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, we will visit such no fewer than 10 other out­ well- known gardens as Long­ standing private gardens. Lec­ wood, the Morris Arboretum tures and panel discussions American Horticultural Society Andalusia, Chanticleer and are on our itinerary, as are Box 0105, the Highlands. We will have such special highlights as Mt Vernon. VA 22121 the rare opportunity to view cocktails and a private dinner 703-768-5700 at Longwood and our Presi­ dent's Banquet, which will take place at the Franklin Plaza Hotel We will be staying at the new Franklin Plaza, conven- Barbara W. Ellis EDITOR RICAN Rebecca K. McClimans, RKM, Inc. ART DIRECTOR ...-ORTICULTlIRIST Jane Steffey EDITORIAL ASSISTANT VOLUME 62 NUMBER 8

Irene Polansky PRODUCTION ASSISTANT

Gilbert S. Daniels HORTICULTURAL CONSULTANT BOOK EDITOR

Everett Conklin PRONUNCIATION GUIDE ADVISOR

Louise Baughn, Cindy Weakland ASSIST ANTS TO THE EDITOR

May Lin Roscoe BUSINESS MANAGER

Elizabeth D. Hume EDUCATION DIRECTOR

Connie Clark MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR

John Simmons, Chromagraphics Inc. COLOR SEPARATIONS

ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES C. Lynn Coy Associates, Inc. 55 Forest Street Allium tuberosum, Chinese chives, is one of a number of species of ornamental onions that lend Stamford, CT 06902 color to the summer garden. For more about these attractive perennials, turn to page 12. Photograph (203) 327-462((; by Barbara W. Ellis. Southeast: C. Lynn Coy & Associates 5((;75 Roswell Road, Suite 47M Atlanta, GA 30342 Guest Editorial: To Your Benefit- And Ours by Connie Clark 2 (404) 255-4937 Strange Relatives: The Verbena Family by Jane Steffey 4 West Coast: Book Reviews by Gilbert S. Daniels 10 W. G. Heldsworth & Assoc. 1 Cape Code A Season of Flowering Onions Text and Illustration by Peter Loewer 12 Il'Vine, CA n714 (714) .551 -1343 The Delaware Valley: A Garden Heritage by Elizabeth Hume 15 Water Gardens by Joan Sayers Brown 20 Replacement Issues of AME~CAN HORTICULTURIST are available at a cost af $2.50 per ropy. Brookgreen by Steve Bender 25 1li.e opiniens expressed in the articles that appear in Seaside Gardening Text and Photography by Pamela Harper 26 t\ME~CAN HORTICULTURIST are iliase of tne aumors ana are not neressaiiily those of the Society. They Hostas Text and Photography by Paul Aden 30 are presented as oontributions to oontemporar:y thaught. Manuscripts, an wark and phatographs sent for possible 34 publication will be returned if they are accampanied by a Sources sell·addressed, stamped envelope. Pronunciation Guide 36 AMERICAN HORTICtJLTURlS'¥ is the offieial publieatian af The Amemean Momcultu ..1 Soeiety, '7931 The Design Page: Water Text and Photography by Margaret Hensel 38 EaSt Boulevard Dri\'e. Alexandria, Virginia 22.08, (703) 768-5700, and is issued monthly. MemberShip in the Gardener's Marketplace 44 Society includes a sUDseriptiop to AMERICt'iN f;!ORllClJLTlJR1S:r. Membership dues star! at $20.00 a year, $12.00 of wl\ich is designated for AMERfGAN ON THE COVER: Lilium sp. Photograpl

American Horticulturist GUEST EDITORIAL

To YOUR BENEFIT-AND OURS

partment conducts a readership survey to bership service to obtain these discounts profile our members for advertising pur­ by buying books from us. poses. The most recent read@rship survey This l@ads me to believe that we hav@ a echoed earlier results: 25% of our mem­ communication problem. Perhaps AHS bers are professionally engaged in horti­ members do not know that being a mem­ culture, while 75% ar@ avid amateur gar­ ber entitles them to free advice from our d@ners; American Horticulturist r@aders staff horticulturists. 'It is possible, too, that are most interested in "how-to-do-it" sto­ members receive our Seed Program Cat­ ries and articles about private gardens; most alogu@ in the mail and do not recognize it AHS members grow their own vegetables. as such; they might throw it away and then Members rate our publications highly, and, wonder why they never r@ceived their free for the most part, their responses to the seeds from the Society. survey contained no surpris(ls. Taking these facts into account, I de­ As Membership Director, I have also cided to ask AHS members to evaluate done some r@search on th@ Society's mem­ their membership bendits. Ideally, I would bership. Recently I was delighted to find like to send each of you a two-page ques­ that one-third of our members joined the tionnaire, but the survey card inserted in Society in 1975 or @arlier. We even have this issue of American Horticulturist saves a handful of members who joined in the time and money. Unfortunately, it also limits 1930s, arnd a significant number who have me in asking many of the questions I would been with us since the 1950s. It is gratify­ like to ask. With the space restrictions of s I write this, the year's first true ing that the Society has satisfied such a the survey card in mind, I decided to ask summer thunderstorm is soaking larg@ core group of members for so many only for your ideas about the Seed Pro­ A River Farm. The daisies standing years. I have also found that many AHS gram. thick in our wildflower meadow a[(~ stal­ m@mbers support the Society very gtmer­ Please fill out this card and drop it in a wart under th@ downpour, and I can imag­ ously by paying dues higher than the reg­ mailbox. Your response will enable me to ine the Ideas Garden, north of my view, ular level of $20.00 per year, and by oc­ evaluate your satisfaction with the S@ed calmly rec@iving the first sign of summer's casionally contributing to special projects. Program and with the American Horti­ extr@mes. The world out my window looks Our 72 Life Members also compose a small cultural Society-your Soci@ty. Knowing excitingly fresh, with green and white leaves but vital group of supporters. what you as members want, the Society's and flowers leading my eye to the Potomac All in all, statistics about the Society's staff can refine our programs, improve our River, a few hundred yards from the his­ members paint a wonderful picture. But service and generate new ideas for mem­ toric River Farm house where AHS has its when I examined our readership survey in bership benefits. We cannot fulfill the So­ offices. depth, I noticed some puzzling discrep­ ciety's goals unless we know what you, Those of us who work here, and the ancies. For example, 61 % of the members our members, want. several thousand AHS m@mbers who live surveyed said they found the idea of our I would be delighted to hear from you in this area, realize how central a role River free Seed Program "very interesting." Yet about other aspects of AHS membership. Farm plays in the Society's functions. It is in 1983, only 22% of our members par­ Please call or write me whenever you have easy for us to do so, as we enjoy its natural ticipated in the Seed Program. Similarly, a suggestion, comment or question. I want beauty and the fine work the Society's the survey showed that 69% of our mem­ to see the Society's membership grow and grounds staff has done on these 26 acres bers liked the idea of our free gardener'S thrive, so that AHS can carry out its orig­ over the years. Evidently, even our far­ information service, but I am certain that inal mandate: "to promote horticulture in away members appreciate River Farm, as the percentage of members actually using this country and in the world." I hope you many of you have generously contributed this service is much lower. will agree with me that this goal is a splen­ funds for us to build our own greenhouse Even with our Book Buyer's Service, the did one around which we can rally. and to staff River Farm with summer in­ difference between what our members said terns. they wanted and what they have actually Important as River Farm is, however, done appears large. Fifty per cent of sur­ the Society's activities must focus primar­ vey@d members expressed enthusiasm for ily on all the n@eds of its entire m@mber­ this service, which offers members dis­ ship. Who are our members, and what do counts of 10-30% off r@tail price on gar­ they want from the Society? dening books. But nowhere near 50% of -Connie Clark Periodically, AHS's Publications De- our members have made I!Ise of this mem- AHS Membership Director

2 August 1983 • Indicate selections desired on coupon below and mail today!

Early Snow Crocus. Earl y bunch-flow­ Giant Hyacinths. Mi xe d col ors of vivid Winter Aconite. (Eranthi s). Golden eri.ng crocus. Mixed colors of yellow, reds, blu es, ye llows , pinks, whites. yellow buttercup-like flowers February, purple, orange. Fra grant 10" bloom s. March, April. Onl y 3-6" tall. # 4900-12/$1.00; #4901-36/ $2.50 #4920- 3/ $1.00; #4921 - 9/ $2.50 #4940- 10/$1.00; #4941-30/ $2 .50 Red Fire Tulips. Giant fire- red Darwin Giant Daffodils. Large ye llow trumpet Parrot Tulips. Mixed colors. Large Hybrid tulips on stems 24" tall. Bloom daffodils for gorgeous spring beauty. flowers wi th exotic shape s, colors and April-May. 14-16" tall, April. de signs. Bloom in May. #4902-8/$1.00; #4903-24/$2.50 #4922-6/$1.00; #4923- 18/$2.50 #4938-5/ $1.00; #4939-15/ $2.50

Glory of the Snow. (Chionodoxa). Sk y Bouquet Tulips. (Firespray). Bla zin g Wood Hyacinths. (S. Campanulata). blue flowers with white centers, for carp et of sc arl et red tulips onl y 9" tall . Clu sters of bell-shaped flowers. Mixed naturalizing. 3-5 blooms per bUlb . colors of pink, white, blue. #4904-8/$1.00; #4905-24/$2.50 #4924-8/$1.00; #4925- 24/$2.50 #4942-6/$1.00; #4943-18/ $2.50 The Love Tulip. (Marjoletti). Lovely Drumstick Allium. Gi ant ball-shaped Daffodil, Ice Follies. Unu sual variety. cream-white with soft pink stripe. Late flower heads of redd ish purple on stem s Lovely pure white petals with large May , 16" tall. only 2 f t. tall. ruffled, creamy yellow crown _ # 4906-10/ $1.00; #4907-30/$2.50 #4926-10/$1.00; # 4927-30/$2.50 #4914-51$ 1.00; #4915-15/$2.50 Grape Hyacinths. (Mu scari). Blue flow­ Red Queen Daffodils. Ruffl ed white Golden Jonquils. (Lobularis). Daffodil­ ers in grape-like clusters for naturaliz­ overlapping pe tal s with large orange- red like flowers of rich golden yellow in ing . April-May. crown . Very s tri~ing blooms. abundance, very fragrant. #4908-20/ $1.00; #4909-60/$2.50 #4948-6/$1.00; #4949-18/$2.50 #4950-5/$1.00; #4951-15/ $2.50 Fireking Lily. Bright cherry-red flower Of. Rockgarden Iris. (Reti culata). Enchantment Lily. Most popular lily. clusters. Bloom s abundantly in June-Jul y. Sweet sc ented early blooming minia­ Produces 10-16 nasturtium-red blooms in 3-4 ft. tall. tures. Multiply, for naturalizing. June-July. #4960-1/$1.00; # 4961-3/$2.50 #4928-8/$1.00 ; #4929- 24/$2.50 # 4964-11$1.00; # 4965-3/ $2 .50

Waterlily Tulips. Low growing tulips Cardinal Tulips. (Ei chleri). Flam ing Giant Dutch Iris. Garden orchids of of cream-yellow with bright rose -red cardinal-red tulip in waves of green foli­ blues, whites, yellows for cutting, bor­ markings. age. Low beds, borders. ders, rockgardens. Mixed colors. #491'2-8/$1.00; #4913-24/ $2.50 #4930-8/ $1.00; #4931- 24/ $2.50 #4958-12/ $1.00; #4959-36/ $2.50 Paperwhite Narcissus. Clu sters of Giant Dutch Crocus. A rainbow mix­ Lemon Glow Lily. Low growing bright ture of purples, whites, lavenders , pure white star-shaped flowers, fragrant lemon-yellow flowers. Ideal pot plant long la sting house plant. striped, yellows. For naturalizing. only 24" tall, blooms July. # 4956-3/ $1.00; # 4957-9/ $2.50 #4910-8/$1.00; # 4911-24/$2.50 #4962-1/$1.00; #4963-3/$2.50 Dainty white (I xiolirion). Hardy Sweet Gardenia Daffs. Blue Mt. Lilies. Peacock Tulips. Sho wy full-open tu­ Gardenia -like double daffodils with lovely clusters of sky-blue lily- like blooms 15" lips. Bright colors and bold markings, f ragrance . Clu ster flowers. tall in June . striped foliage. Unu sual. # 4944-5/ $1.00; #4945-15/ $2 .50 #4916-8/ $1.00; #4917-24/ $2.50 # 4934-8/ $1.00; #4935-24/$2.50 Hardy Anemones. (Blanda ). A color­ White Snowdrops. (Galanthu s). Charm ­ mix of star-shaped blue, pink, white ing small bell-like flowers in abundance . flowers in ea rly spring. February-March bloom s. #4918-8/ $1.00; #4919-24/ $2.50 #4936-10/$1.00; #4937-30/$2.50 A beautiful full-color book of over 1000 rare POSTPAID & GUARANTEED and unusual flowers, · B plants, trees and im- Van Bourgon dlen ros., BoxA-AH8, Rt.l09, BabYIOn,_NY_1l7_02_._.,__ ported bulbs. ------Fill out and mail coupon below ------Van Bourgondien Bros., Box A-AH8, Babylon, NY 11702 Amt. EXTRA BONUS DISCOUNTS Encl. $ or charge my credit card Please send me the "bargain-offer" items o Ma sterCard 0 Visa 0 American Express o Orders $ 5.00 to $ 9.99 .. 5% Discount I have checked hl elow. Orders $10.00 to $19.99 _. 10% Discount Expire o Cheek Items Below For Purchase Card # ______Date _____ o Orders $20.00 to $29.99 .. 15% Discount Snow Crllcus Fireking Lily Gi. Hyacinths Df _ Rock_ Iris W. Aconite Enchant_ Li Iy o Orders $30.00 and over . . 20% Discount o 4900-12/ $1.00 o 4960-1 /$1.00 o 4920-31$1.00 o 4928-81$1.00 o 4940-10/$1.00 o 4964-1/$1.00 o 4901-36/ $2.50 o 4961-3/$2.50 o 4921-9/ $2 .50 o 4929-24/$2.50 o 4941-30/ $2.50 o 4965-3/ $2.50 o Please send me your new Free Catalog. R. Fire Tulips Wat-lily Tulips Giant DaHs Cardinal Tulips Parrot Tulips G. Dutch Iris o 4902-81$1.00 o 4912-8/ $1.00 o 4922-6/ $1.00 o 4930-8/ $1.00 o 4938-5/$1.00 o 4958-12/$1.00 4903-24/ $2 .50 o 4913-24/$2.50 o 4923-18/$2.50 4931-24/ $2.50 o 4939-15/$2.50 o 4959-36/ $2.50 o o Name _ Glory of Snow G. Dutch Crocus Bouquet Tulips L. Glow Lily Woo HyaCinths Paperwhite N_ o 4904-81$1.00 o 4910-8/$1.00 o 4924-81$ 1.00 o 4962-1/$1.00 o 4942-6/$1.00 O 4956-3/$ 1.00 o 4905-24/$2.50 [] 4911-24/$2.50 o 4925-24/ $2.50 o 4963-3/$2.50 o 4943-18/ $2.50 o 4957-9/$2.50 Love Tulip B. Mt. Lilies Drum Allium Peacock Tulips Daff. J. Follies Gardenia Daff Address o 4906-10/ $1.00 o 4916-8/ $1.00 [] 4926-101$1.00 o 4934-8/ $1.00 o 4914-51$1.00 o 4944-5/$1.00 04907-30/$2.50 04917-24/$2.50 o 4927-30/ $2.50 o 4935-24/$2.50 o 4915-15/$2.50 o 4945-15/$2.50 fir. Hyacinths H_ Anemones Red. G_ Daffs W. Snowdrops Gold Jonquils POSTPAID City ...... _ o 4908-20/ $1.00 o 4918-8/ $1.00 o 4948-6/ $1.00 o 4936-10/ $1.00 04950-5/ $1.00 o 4909-60/$2.50 4919-24/ $2.50 o 4949-18/ $2.50 4937-30/$2.50 4951-15/ $2.50 and o o o GUARANTEED New York Residents Add Sales Tax State ...... _...... Zip ...... STRANGE RELATIVES ll-IE VERBENA FAMnY

'Springtime Mix' is a cultivar of the popular garden verbena, Verbena X hybrida.

verybody knows that a lemon ver­ stems. The leaves may be entire or divided, the characteristic funnel-form flowers in bena is not a lemon, bl!lt did you they usually .grow in opposite pairs but various colors in terminal or axillary spikes. Eknow that it is not a verbena­ occasionally are whorled or alternate on The familiar garden verbena, V. X hy­ strictly speaking? Wild verbena is vervain. the stems. In spite of this seeming confu­ brida, is grown chiefly as a sprawling an­ Simpler's joy is a blue vervain reputed to sion, the flowers are regularly composed nual. Parentage of such a long-popular have medicinal properties. Then, there are of four or five unequal sepals united in a garden bedding or border plant is impos­ French mulberry, tropical lilac, bag flower! tube and four or five petals united to form sible to trace. It is probably a hybrid of V. This is a sampling of the verbena family, a slender tube with a flaring or lobed rim. peruviana with other Verbena species. Verbenaceae, which consists of a large Pollination of the flowers results in a fleshy Garden hybrids come with additional la­ number of trees, shrubs, herbs and vines, fruit containing one or more seeds, or a bels descriptive of growth or flowering predominantly from tropical or subtrop­ capsule, or a group of two or four single­ habit, for instance, compacta, gigantea, ical regions. Included are many flowering seeded units (nutlets). grandiflora, multiflora, rosea stellata, vio­ garden and greenhouse plants and some The genus Verbena, from which the lacea stellata. The flower spike is reduced economic timber species, notably teak and family name is derived, is a group of hairy to a flat head of red, pink, violet, yellow zitherwood. Some species are known for annual or perennial plants found in both or vaFiegated florets. their rough hairy leaves; one is even called North and South America. About 200 spe­ Wild verbenas, native to many parts of sandpaper vine. Many have spines on the cies of these erect or prostrate plants bear the United States and Canada, are rarely

4 August 1983 THE CLEAN CUT / / ,h cultivated, although there are exceptions citriodora). It is a tropical, sometimes where attractive species have been selected woody, shrub often grown in the green­ for garden use. house or as a house plant. The lemon­ V. canadensis, rose verbena or rose ver­ scented fragrance of the leaves, especially vain, is native from Virginia to Florida and when they are crushed, is from glands on west to Iowa, Colorado and Mexico. Heads the underside of the light-green leaves. The of rose or purple flowers are raised above scent has been marketed under the name the trailing stems. In northern states it is verbena oil. Small white, verbena-type grown as a garden annual and several cul­ flowers are borne in upright whorled spikes. tivars are listed for this use. In the south As an indoor plant it is maintained as a WILKINSON SABRE it is perennial. shrub of about four feet, although it is PRUNER V. bipinnatifida, Dakota vervain, a much taller in warm regions of North and The finest by· pass pruner that we sell. prostrate perennial native to northern South America where it is native. Die cast aluminum alloy handles com­ midwestern states, blooms all summer with The French mulberry, neither French nor bine lightness with strength. Super lilac flowers. mulberry, is an American native, Calli­ sharp precision ground chromed blades V. bonariensis from South America has carpa americana, common in our southern are heat treated for strength and durability. Cuts up to 3/4" stock. become naturalized in California and in states in dry, sandy soil. Its short-stalked Unique 3 position catch allows flex· our southern states. V. hastata, blue ver­ clusters of flowers are very attractive to ibility in cutting capacity. vain, simpler's joy, an eastern American bees but it is probably not common enough Sabre Pruner ...... $24.00 ppd. native, is a four-foot perennial with very to be the source of much honey. The name small blue-violet flowers in terminal spikes. CaUicarpa means beautiful fruit, and all LEATHER GARDENERS Adapted to many habitats, it is common the callicarpas bear colorful nutlets. C. GLOVES in moist fields. Indians and early American americana, American beauty berry, has vi­ The finest gardeners gloves made from colonists are reported to have made me­ olet-colored berries; a white-fruited form prime tan grain cowhide. Gunn cut dicinal use of this vervain. is known but is rare. drivers style give protection. Still use V. rigida, sometimes listed as V. venosa, C. bodinieri is a beautyberry from China tools and equipment with ease. Ball a perennial with tuberous roots and creep­ known for its very ornamental lilac fruits and tape wrist fastener. Specify medi­ ing stems, is native to Brazil and Argentina, after the leaves fall. Nurseries offer C. bod­ um or large size. Gardeners Gloves ..... $15.95 ppd. but it is naturalized from North Carolina inieri var. giraldii 'Profusion', a name de­ to Florida. Several named cultivars are of­ scriptive of the wealth of lavender flowers fered by nurserymen as vigorous, low­ in August and purple fruit thereafter. growing ground covers. The small white to pink flowers of C. V. peruviana, the presumed forebear of japonica, Japanese beauty berry, are fol­ garden verbenas, is a scarlet-flowered pro­ lowed by fruits of metallic purple, espe­ cumbent perennial from Argentina and cially ornamental in the autumn. This Jap­ southern Brazil. Surely this must account anese shrub, which is about half the size for the richness of the red-flowered garden of C. bodinieri, is hardy in the United States hybrids. to Zone 5 or 6. V. tenuisecta has b€en cultivated as V. An Asiatic shrub that is hardy from Zone NEW SPRING CATALOG erinoides and-is known as moss verbena. 5 southward in the United States is hardy OF SELECT Another South Amerif:an, it has natural­ blue spirea, Caryopteris, a name meaning GARDEN TOOLS iud from Georgia to Louisiana. This winged fruit; the nutlets formed are slightly Quality tools. equipment. accessories. and books for the serious gardener. sprawling, hairy plant, with finely dis­ winged. Bluebeard, C. X clandonensis, Send today for your FREE catalog. sected leaves, produces dense spikes of blue, originated in 1933 from a cross of C. in­ purple or violet flowers. cana with non-horticultural species. A dis­ ------While in the main vervains can hardly tinction of Caryopteris flowers is that one I be regarded as important honey plants, of the five lobes of the corolla tube is larger ~ certain species are valuable sOl!lrces of nec­ than the others and is fringed. This com­ I Dept. AHa3. 1121 Washington St. West Newton. MA 02165 tar in limited localities. Three species are pact hybrid fe>rm, 18 to 24 inches, is a I (617) 244-7900 reported as important ill the Baton Rouge­ useful perennial border plant, a source of __ Sabre Pruner $24.00 ppd. N€w Orleans area of Louisiana; they are intense blue flower spikes irn August and I __ Gardeners Gloves $15.95 ppd. V. bonariensis, V. rigida and V. littoralis. after. It may be killed back by severe winter I Thtal enclosed ______In Califomia, V. prostrata is mentioned as w€ather, a SOFt of natural pruning, but Payment by: I o MasterCharge o Visa a hOlley plant; in Iowa, V. stricta. recovers with the following season. Blue­ # ______Expires ____ Although lemon v€Fbena is not a Ver­ beard can be growl'l also as a greenhouse I o PLEASE SEND FREE CATALOG bena, its popularity has resulted in its re­ plant. I taining the name it has bome through the Of special greel'lhotlse irnterest in the ver­ I Name ages as a member of dIe family. Its botan­ bena family is Clerodendrum, glory tree I Address ical name is Aloysia triphyUa but it has or glory-bower, a genus of about 450 spe­ City ______also been catted A. Gitriodora and Lippia cies of shrubs, vines or trees , of tropical I L ------'State Zip ---- American Horticulturist 5 Announcing a most important new porcelain plate collection . .. lilH[E IBUlliliEIR"FILIIES OF lilHIE WOIRJLID PORCELAIN PLATE COLLECTION

by John Wilkinson

PLATE SHOWN SMALLER CHAN ACTUAL SIZE OF 9" IN The first porcelain plates created by Europe's foremost painter of butterflies­ twelve extraordinary collector's plates capturing the grace and beauty of the world's loveliest butterflies.

Each plate crafted of the finest subscriptions before the end of 1984. A porcelain and banded in further limit of one set per subscriber pure 24 karat go/d. will be enforced without exception. So once this edition is closed, no collector Each bearing an original work of will be able to obtain these signed plates art created by John Wilkinson except from the original owners. exclusively for this series. ADVANCE SUBSCRIPTION DEADLINE: SEP­ TEMBER 30, 1983. The collection will be The limited Signature Edition issued to subscribers at the convenient available by subscription only. rate of one plate every other month. And Advance subscription deadline: the issue price of only $55 per plate will September 30, 1983. be payable in two monthly installments of $27.50 each . Every plate will be ac­ THE ARTIST. One of Britain's most distin­ companied by a specially written refer­ guished artists, John Wilkinson has been ence folder. A Certificate of Authenticity aptly described as "the most outstanding will also be provided. portraitist of butterflies in the world to­ Advance subscriptions are being ac­ form a spectacular collection certain to cepted until September 30, 1983. The day." His richly detailed paintings have enhance the decor of any home. been widely exhibited and have won enclosed subscription form should be numerous awards, including the cov­ THE BUTIERFLY PLATES. Each plate will postmarked by that date. So please be eted Grenfell Medal, and no fewer than be crafted of fine white porcelain, the certain to act quickly. For collections as five Gold Medals and two Silver Medals perfect background for the radiant colors beautiful as this are rare indeed. from the Royal Horticultural Society. and sweeping lines of Wilkinson's art. And each will be large in size-a full FRANKLIN PORCELAIN Now this celebrated artist has created A FRANKLIN MINT COMPANY his first series of fine porcelain col­ 9 inches in diameter-to preserve all lector's plates-The Butterflies of the the remarkable detail of his work. r----· ADVA NCE SUB SC RIPTION A PPLIC ATION · ------­ I World. A collection depicting twelve The shimmering beauty of the butter­ I flies' wings .. . their delicate markings I beautiful and dramatically different spe­ I THE BUTTERFLIES ... the jewel-I ike tones of the flowers .. . I cies of butterflies-with a very special I OF THE WORLD charm and sensitivity. all will be captured exactly. I I Porcelain Plate Collection In each case, the artist captures them Indeed, Franklin Porcelain has de­ I I in their full glory among the brightly col­ voted more than two years to the prepa­ Limited Signature Edition . ored flowers of their native lands. And ration of these plates, and every detai I Valid if postmarked by September 30th. each delightful scene is bordered in an will be of the highest quality. Indeed, One subscription ~er collector. elegant butterfly motif. each plate will be hand-decorated with Frankl in Porcelain Everyone of these fine imported pure 24 karat gold. And each will incor­ Franklin Center, Pennsylvania 19091 plates is a work of pure enchantment, porate as many as 20 ceramic colors. Please enter my subscription for the limited filled with light and color-a source of Wilkinson's very lovely and accurate Signature Edition of The Butterflies of the joy to own and display. Together, they works of art-created espedally for this World Porcelain Plate Collection by John issue and available only on these fine Wilkinsofl, consisting of 12 fine porcelain porcelain plates-make this a collec­ plates individually decorated in 24 karat tion that will be enjoyed and prized by gold . I understand the plates will be sent to all who love the beauty of butterflies, of me at the convenient rate of one every other month . art and of porcelain. I need send no payment now. I will be And as the very first porcelain plates billed for eaeh plate in two equal monthly by Europe's leading painter of butter­ iflstallments of $27.50* each, the first in­ flies, this is a collection certain to have stallment in advance of shipment. lasting importance. · Plus my state sa les tax.

THE LlMIHD SIGNATUR ~ EDITION. In Signature ______keeping with its significance, the base of Mr. Mrs. each plate in the first edition of this su­ Miss ______perb collection will bear the signature of John Wilkinson, set within a special but­ Address ______terfly remarque designed for that plate. This limited Signature Edition will be City ______available only to those who ,enter their © 1983 FP State, Zip ______STRANGE RELATIVES CONT'D

origin. Sometimes the colorful calyx is more honey. And, of course, it is not a lilac handsome than the showy clusters of tu­ (Syringa). bular flowers with protruding stamens. The Another species in this family of prom­ fleshy fruit is enclosed by the withered ca­ inent calices is Holmskioldia sanguinea, lyx. Several specie~ of these exotic flow­ Chinese-hat plant or coolie's cap, so named ering vines or shrubs have attained wide for the spreading calyx. It is a somewhat popularity. All but one are adapted to out­ sprawling or straggling tender evergreen Make every day door culture only in Zones 7, 8 and 9; shrub from the Himalayas. Below the small, a SUNday. otherwise they must be grown in the green­ tubular red flowers is a brick-red mem- With a' Janco greenhouse house. That one is e. trichotomum, har­ that's just right for your home lequin glory-bower, which is hardy from or business. Free-standing or Zone 4 southward. The special attraction lean-to. Janco greenhouses are of this shrub or small tree is the blue ber­ The French mulberry, aU-aluminum for easy care and ries, each surrounded by a red calyx, borne neither French nor come with regular or factory­ on the upper side of horizontal branches sealed insulated .glass. A choice and lasting into October. August-Septem­ mulberry, is an of attractive finishes, tool Start ber blossoms are fragrant. with a Janco and you'll enjoy Hyacinth-scented flowers grace e. phi­ American native, years of growing success. . lippinum, fragrant glory-bower. The dou­ Send $2.00 for our 48-page commonmour color catalog featuring the ble, pinkish flowers of this Chinese species largest selection of greenhouses grow in tight terminal clusters; the red ca­ southern states. and accessories. Allo.;'f<~urr~~;;] lyx of each blossom adds to the color display. e. thomsoniae, bleeding-heart vine, branous flaring calyx; seated within this bleeding-heart glory-bower, or bag-flower, calyx the four-lobed fruit develops. produces a small red flower set in a striking Lantana camara, red or yellow sage, is Dept. AH-8 9390 D~<\lj s white, bag-like calyx. It is a great favorite one of 50 known Lantana species native Laurel. MD 20707 (301)498-5700 in conservatories where it can run ramp­ to tropical America. Rough, hairy, pun­ ant, loaded all spring and summer with its gent leaves on prickly, hairy stems sur­ masses of flower sprays. This West African round flowers that at first are yellow, then vine displays protruding stamens that orange and red or sometimes all three colors project from the blossom to afford a land­ simultaneously. The flowers, in a more or ing place for pollinating insects. It can be less flattened or globose head, are followed grown outdoors in Gulf Coast states and by small fruits that in the green, unripened in California; elsewhere it is greenhouse state are toxic if ingested; they ripen to grown. Some florists have offered it as a blue-black berries. special for Valentine's Day. This shrubby lantana makes a good e. thomsoniae is adaptable to indoor ground cover or bedding plant outdoors light garden culture if kept rigorously in sunny locations; it is suited likewise to pruned; it tolerates pruning to such an ex­ growth in pots and hanging baskets for tent that it can be kept to a modest size the patio. It is not winter hardy. like a small shrub; such shorter, bushier Trailing lantana, L. montevidensis, is Models for GREENHOUSES. COLOFRAMES and plants are much more densely flowered as more delicate looking than the shrub type, now SKYLIGHTS & SOLAR INSTALLATIONS. the flower buds develop in the new growth. thanks to long, graceful branches bearing FEATURES A touching legend is associated with e. great numbers of one-inch clusters of rosy • Fits most greenhouses thomsoniae. A lovely maiden, rejected and lavender flowers, making the plant espe­ • Vertical or Horizontal vents • No electricity. SOLAR POWEREO deserted by her lover, wept bitter tears and cially suited for hanging basket culture. • You select Opening Temperature pined away from a broken heart. Where A group of creeping herbs with small • Corrosion resistant materials her tears fell, her lover upon his return violet, blue, pink or white flowers are the • Ourable . Sample tested to 50 years of found the bleeding heart vine in bloom. Phyla species, or frogfruit, matgrass, cape­ normal use. weed or turkey-tangle. Phyla nodiflora ---OUR GUARANTEE --­ Tropical lilac, a shrub or small tree, is Our openers will open wider, faster. smoother. cultivated as a spiny hedge plant in Florida, var. rosea is the carpet grass of California, and more firmly while lifting 1111 to 4 times the California and elsewhere in the South. This introduced from Chile and widely culti­ actual loads of other similar products. is Duranta rep ens (D. plumieri), also known vated along the Pacific Coast as a lawn as golden-dewdrop for the fleshy yellow plant. As a lawn substitute it can be walked FREE INFORMATION or fruit clusters like a bunch of currants that on and it can be mowed-to reduce the dealer inquiries welcomed. follow the small, pale lilac-blue flowers. number of flowers that attract bees; honey Superiorc!7lutovents Duranta is native from Florida to Brazil. from this source is light in color and mild 17422 La Mesa Lane It is attractive to bees but not sufficiently in flavor. Huntington Beach. Ca. 92647 abundant to be an important source of P~trea volubilis is one of the world's

8 August 1983 NOW ... BY MAI L! FLOWER ARRANGING SUPPLIES: Tools, Techniques, loveliest climbers, worthy of its popular Tricks of the Trade! names queen's-wreath and bluebird vine. Help your garden produce Its best! Our testing service can detect soil defi­ Sprays of bluish-violet flowers, 15 to 30 SPECIAL OFFER - ciencies and make specific recom­ in a cluster, cascade from a stem that may mendations to correct any problems. reach to 30 feet. Sepals are lighter in color MAKES A GREAT GIFT: Your garden and your wallet will thank you . than the corolla and outlast it, leaving a lavender-mauve tinge to the whole plant. The Original Your soil test report will include a This is the plant mentioned earlier as the clear explanation of why and how Stem Stripper each test is important. Samples are sandpaper vine, referring to the roughness tested for pH (acidity) soil type, and A unique tool for removing thorns organic matter. Testing fee is $7 .95 . of the leaves. and leaves from stems. Tectona grandis, teak, is one of the four 095 in cluding How to sample your SOli: Take a Tectona species, tall deciduous trees of only $ ::I;.. post.ge (. h.ndling scoopful of soil from under the surface Southeast Asia. Cultivated in India, this from 4 different places. Mix these together well and place about 3 ISO-foot tree tends to naturalize in favor­ ------tablespoons Into a plastic baggie and able climates. It is valued almost as highly The Keth Company mail in a regulor envelope. as mahogany for its strong, durable wood, P.O. Box 645 Send your sample today! which is manufactured into handsome ar­ Corona del Mar, CA 92625 ticles of furniture and parquet floors and UreScl P.O. Box 276. Waldwick. NJ 07463 veneers. Please send me _ _ Orlglnal Stem Strlpper(s)at $9.95 each incl uding postage and handling. Enclosed is my U check Gentlemen Another timber tree in the verbena fam­ or I Jm oney order. (Sorry. no C. 0.0.5. CA res . add 60~ ea . tax.) ily is zitherwood or fiddlewood, Cithar­ Please find en closed SOil o Pl ease send your FREE Complete list of Floral Supplies. exylum fruticosum, a native of tropical sample(s) for testing ot $795 each PLEASE Check or money order IS enclosed A PRINT North and South America. It has the ap­ Nam~ NAME pearance of wild cherry, with clusters of Address ADDRESS ______small white or yellow fragrant flowers Cl ty ______CITY ______throughout the year on sometimes spiny State. Zip ______twigs. The common name identifies the STATE ZIP small musical instruments for which the Satisfaction Guaranteed or Your Money Back! wood has been used. Last but by no means least in a River Farm overview of the Verbenaceae comes Vitex agnus-castus. Five small, much­ WATER-LILIES branched deciduous flowering trees shade one of our borders. This Vitex is consid­ in your garden ered hardy from Zone 5 southward, but our specimens were badly damaged by the Lilypons catalogue severe winters of 1979 to 1982. The name features everything Mexican lavender applied to it is in ref­ erence to the pungency of the grayish-green, needed for your palmately compound, slightly hairy leaves garden pool, which are pleasantly scented, especially in including the pool the warmth of your hand. Indian-spice and sage tree are other names indicative of its aromatic nature. Lilac to lavender flowers in dense panicles cover the tree in August Lilypons Water Gardens to September-and attract bees. As with lilac (Syringa), the clusters of seed stalks . remain from season to season. Waterlilies, Lotus, Aquatic plants, Goldfish, Scavengers, Slightly more hardy than V. agnus-cas­ Koi Fiberglass garden pools, PVC pool liners, Sweeps, tus is V. negundo var. heterophylla, but Filters, Pumps, Lights, Statuary, Books and much more. otherwise similar to the former in most respects. It is especially grown for bees. New colorful LUypons catalogue and seasonal mini catalogs, S3.00. Sparsely represented at River Farm by I Callicarpa, Vitex and Verbena hybrida, LILYPONS WATER GARDENS (Please print) perhaps other members of the wild ver­ I 1508 Amhort Road 1508 Lllypons Road benas will appear in our meadow planting I Address_ ___ _ LlIypons. Maryland 21717 Brookshire, Texas 77423 (301) 874-5133 (713) 934-8525 some day. 0 I Clty______-Jane Steffey I Sta~ YEs, Please send me the new colo~ Jane Steffey is horticultural advisor for the ful LUypons catalogue and seasonal I American Horticultural Society. I Zip mini catalogs. I enclose $3.00. I______------~

American Horticulturist 9 BooK REvIEws

JEWELS OF THE PLAINS: WILD volumes present current articles on all fac­ FLOWERS OF THE GREAT PLAINS, ets of the hobby from plant collecting and GRASSLANDS, AND HILLS. 0li1lMfr floral biology to taxonomy and tissue Claude R. Barr. University of Minnesota culture. Press. Minneapolis, Minnesota. 1983. OrEJ1ids 237 pages; hardbound, $21.20 POCKET GUIDE TO CHOOSING including postage and handling. WOODY ORNAMENTALS. This fine book will inspire anyone who Gerd Kriissmann (translated by Michael appreciates a model of a productive life Epps). Timber Press. Beaverton, dedicated to making this plundered planet Oregon. 1982. 141 pages; softcover, a better place to live. Barr died in 1982 at $12.9'5. AHS discount price, $12.25 95. He spent many years promoting the including postage and handling. cause of prairie wildflowers as a producer This English translation has been updated and distributor of seeds, plants and infor­ from the original German edition w in­ mation about their propagation. clude many plants useful in American gar­ Although he traveled extensively, the base dens that wen'l not in the original work. of operation was his isolated Prairie Gem In addition, many of the European trees Ranch homestead in the Black Hills of South and shrubs that are rare in the United States, Dakota. Ever present gumbo ~ nd drought but are suitable for our gardens, have been conditions provided a demanding envi­ left in. Plants are grouped together in lists ronment for plant propagation. In "mak­ that specify various attributes and appli­ ing the best of it," Barr carried out nu­ cations of the species in the landscape. Of land artist whose project to paint all the merous imaginative research projects, the particular use is a special index of 172 known species was cut short by his death results of which are reflected in Jewels­ categories called "Where do I find plants in 1979. The addition of a short descrip­ his magnum opus. for ... ?" Within the tables, plant hardiness tion and history of each species makes this The book is a fitting memorial for a job is always listed with the applicable char­ a valuable reference work for anyone in­ well done. Plant fanciers of all persuasions acteristics of size, shape, color, etc. If you terested in these plants. will enjoy his lively writing style, ency­ are planning a home garden, this book is clopedic knowledge and the commentary a worthwhile investment, and if you are on specific species. Traveling the plains GROWING ORCHIDS. involved in garden planning in any mor€ vicariously with this experienced instruc­ BOOK TWO-THE CATTLEYAS extensive way, you will find this handbook tor is a stimulating exercise. What a re­ AND OTHER EPIPHYTES. will become a constant companion. warding field trip! BOOK THREE-VANDAS, A glossary, bibliography and scientific DENDROBIUMS AND OTHERS. HAWORTHIA AND ASTROLOBA-A name index, coupled with 119 excellent J. N. Rentoul. Timber Press. Portland, COLLECTOR'S GUIDE. color plates add value to the book. Both Oregon. 1982. Book Two, 218 pages; John Pilbeam. Timber Press. Portland, professionals and amateurs who are in­ Book Three, 241 pages. Softcover, Oregon. 1983. 167 pages; hardbound, terested in native American plants should $19.95 each. AHS discount price, $32.95. AHS discount price, $29.25 have this guidebook in their reference $18.20 each, including postage and including postage and handling. handling. libraries. This is the kind of book any specialty col­ -Jack DeForest, Ph .D. These are the final volumes of the series lector needs for information about his fa­ .Y that were reviewed in the February 1982 vorite plant. With more than 70 species isslde of American Horticulturist. ORCHIDS and many varieties, the identification of these popular plants is usually very con­ ORCHID BIOLOGY-REVIEWS fused. With the help of this book the con­ SLIPPER ORCHIDS-THE ART OF AND PERSPECTIVES. VOLS. 1 fusion should be greatly reduced. Each DIGBY GRAHAM. AND 2. species is illustrated, and the confusion in Robin Graham with Ronald Roy. David Joseph Arditti (Editor) . Cornell identification and the taxonomic history and Charles. Pomfret, Vermont. 1983. University Press. Ithaca, New York . of each plant is discussed. The exact col­ 109 pages; hardbound, $39.95. AHS 1977 (Vol. 1), 1982 (Vol. 2) . 310 pages lecting areas of each variety are mentioned. discount price, $33 .20 including postage (Vol. 1); 390 pages (Vol. 2). Where applicable, cultural information is and handling. Hardbound, $42.50 each. AHS discount also provided. In addition to the many black Superb color plates of 37 species of Pa­ price, $37.35 each including postage and and white photos and line drawings in the phiopedilum (tropical lady slippers of the handling. text, eight pages of colored photographs Old World) are the work of a New Zea- For the serious orchid grower, these two are also included.

10 August 1983 ject) manner. For a greater awareness and is a book about gardeners rather than gar­ ENDANGERED SPECIES understanding of the environment around dens, but if you should be fortunate enough you, I recommend all of these books. to visit some of England's famous gardens, PLANT EXTINCTION: A GLOBAL these brief biographies will give you a per­ CRISIS. spective that will add significantly to your Harold Koopowitz and Hilary Kaye. THE CREATORS OF ENGLISH appreciation of what you see. Stonewall Press, Inc. Washington, D. C. GARDENS William Robinson is the biography of a 1983.239 pages; hardbound, $16.95 AHS discount price, $15.00 including A CENTUR Y OF GARDENERS. single gardener whose influence, like that of Gertrude Jekyll and Vita Sackville-West, postage and handling. Betty Massingham. Faber and Faber Ltd. London. 1982. 256 pages; hardbound, led to the development of the natural style $24.95. AHS discount price, $23.65 of gardens that we so admire today-a WHERE HA VE ALL THE departure from the strict formality that WILDFLOWERS GONE? including postage and handling. was so characteristic of much of the Vic­ Robert H. Mohlenbrock. Macmillan torian era. The author of many gardening Publishing Co. New York, New York. WILLIAM ROBINSON 1838-1935- books, Robinson's The English Flower 1983.239 pages; hardbound, $15.95. FATHER OF THE ENGLISH Garden, first published in 1883, has gone AHS discount price, $15.60 including FLOWER GARDEN. through 15 editions and is still referred to postage and handling. Mea Allen. Faber and Faber Ltd. today. London. 1982. 255 pages; hardbound, If you are interested in the history of ACID RAIN. $19.95. AHS discount price, $19.20 gardens or are simply curious about people Robert H. Boyle and R. Alexander including postage and handling. who devoted their lives to gardening, both Boyle. Nick Lyons Books. New York, A Century of Gardeners actually spans of these books are recommended. 4) New York. 1983. 146 pages; softcover, nearly two centuries and the lives of 17 -Gilbert S. Daniels $8.95. hardbound, $14.95. AHS individuals whose biographies are the sub­ discount price, $10.20 softcover; $16.20 ject of this book. These are some of the Gilbert S. Daniels is the Immediate Past hardbound, including postage and President of the American Horticultural people whose ideas and efforts were in­ Society. handling. strumental in the development of many of Jack DeForest, Ph.D., is a free-lance These three books cover three very differ­ England's most outstanding gardens. This economist living in Alexandria, Virginia. ent facets of the destruction of our envi­ ronment and its effect upon the plants and r------~ animals (including man). Plant Extinction provides a number of case histories of how plants are being de­ ! ORoERFoRM stroyed and particularly tries to point out I what can be done about it and the signif­ I D Jewels of the Plains: Wild D Pocket Guide to Choosing icance of the loss of each species through­ I Flowers of the Great Plains, Woody Ornamentals $12.25 out the world. This is a book that clearly I Grasslands and Hills $21.20 D Haworthia and Astroloba- shows the greater significance of the seem­ I D Slipper Orchids-The Art of A Collector's Guide $29.25 Digby Graham $33.20 ingly inconsequential loss of a single plant. I D Plant Extinction: A Global Where Have All the Wildflowers Gone? I D Growing Orchids. Book Crisis $15.00 treats the United States on a regional basis. Two-The Cattleyas and D Where Have All The The account of each endangered species Other Epiphytes $18.20 Wildflowers Gone? $15.60 within these regions deals with the original D Growing Orchids. Book discovery of the plant and its history to Three--Vandas, D Acid Rain $16.20 date. This book gives a good perspective Dendrobiums and Others $18.20 D A Century of Gardeners $23.65 of the individual plants in relation to their Orchid Biology­ D William Robinson 1838- environment. Reviews and Perspectives. 1935-Father of the English Acid Rain is a very different kind of D Vol. 1 D Vol. 2 each $37.35 Flower Garden $19.20 book. It tells the story of one of the more insidious forms of environmental destruc­ tion. It is not a simple story, since it in­ Enclosed is my check for __books Ship to: ______volves chemistry, energy, economics and politics. The disappearing features of a Please allow six weeks for delivery. Discount Street: ______statue in the park and the death of all price includes postage. Virginia residents add organisms in a freshwater lake are both 4% sales tax. City: ______consequences of the same kind of atmos­ Mail to: Deborah Harpster pheric pollution. American Horticultural Society State: ______Zip _____ All of these books are well written and P.O. Box 0105 each tells the story in a readable and en­ Mount Vernon, Virginia 22121 For the total amount of ______joyable (if you can say that about the sub- L ______.l-______

American Horticulturist 11 SEASONABLE REMINDERS

A SEASON OF FlDWERING ONIONS

few years ago when the snows of late winter began to fade away, I A received a listing of rare bulbs from a dealer in Maine that included a large selection of alliums or ornamental onions. These particular plants are not grown for food but strictly because of their stunning floral display (although they smell like on­ ions if the leaves are torn or the bulbs are bruised). I succumbed to the lure of the new and ordered five different species. Then re­ membering an old drawing of a pot full of Allium karataviense in full bloom, with starry balls of blossoms held above thick and glabrous leaves, and noting their pres­ ence on the list, I purchased six more bulbs: three for the garden and three for green­ house forcing the following spring. The bulbs arrived, the experiment with forcing succeeded, and I began to collect what I thought were the more interesting and charming of these members of the lily family. The following descriptions are of specimens now in our perennial border or the rock garden. It's an entirely arbitrary selection: I've left out the giant lollipops of Tibet that are usually shown with a small child holding them against the set­ ting sun (Allium giganteum), yet I've in­ cluded an old favorite, the Egyptian onion, and I've never even seen these particular plants bloom. Cultivation demands are few: a reason­ able soil that is loose enough to allow bulbs to expand; average demands for water; and, except for the wood leek, as much sun as possible. Propagation is by seed sown in early spring or by setting out bulbs or bulb lets in autumn. Most species of the genus are hardy in our U.S.D.A. Zone 5 garden and make excellent cut flowers for summer bouquets. Many seed heads dry with great effect to make stunning addi­ tions to dried flower arrangements. By checking various seed lists from the rock garden societies, catalogs from seed houses and the many nursery offerings, I've noted that over 50 species of Allium are available in North America (there are over 400 species in the genus). Wood leek by Peter Loewer

12 August 1983 The Egyptian Onion I ignored the bulbs until the following in the rock garden or the front of the bor­ The Egyptian or walking onion (A llium March when I noted three tiny white tips der. Flowers are pink and form four-inch cepa, the Proliferum group) seems an odd upon removing the plate. Immediately I balls atop six-inch scapes. These particular choice for the flower garden. Instead of moved the pot to an upper bench in full plants need a period of hot summer sun blossoms, onion bulbs are formed atop four­ view of the winter sun: the tips quickly for ripening and good flowers for the fol­ foot scapes. The effect is entirely sculptural flushed with green and began to grow. By lowing season. 'Zwanenburg' bears more and not to every gardener's taste, but a mid-April the leaves had fully opened­ flowers than the species. clump is always found at the wild end of some seven inches high and three inches The Kitchen Garden our garden. wide-and were a bright, bluish-green. The A few scapes bend under the weight of Chives, or Allium schoenoprasum, has al­ the growing bulbs, eventually bending to ways suffered from bad press as a garden touch the ground where a new plant be­ Most species in the flower. Many people accuse them of hav­ gins. If allowed, the walking onion can wend ing a too-violent shade of rose or rose­ its way across the garden. Scapes are ex­ genus are hardy in violet that clashes with most everything cellent stuffed with ground beef, and the else. I am never without a clump and main­ bulbs produced can be used just like reg­ our Zone 5 garden tain a large group right in front of my gas ular onions. plant (Dictamnus albus), where their colors and make excellent complement instead of fight. This spot is The Nodding Onion cut Dowers for also near the kitchen door so both tradi­ Allium cernuum, the nodding onion, blooms tions are observed: I can quickly snip chives in the summer with pendulous heads of summer bouquets. for summer salads. After initial blooming, some 40 rose to purple flowers, which re­ cut th e plants to the ground. semble skyrockets tied to the earth. Scapes The Wood Leek are about 18 inches high and the leaves flowers appeared on April 27 and were have a very strong scent of the onion. A still glorious on May 6. Wood leeks, Allium tricoGCum, are the only number of these flowers in a grouping are When the leaves die down naturally, the onions I've grown that require a woodland unusually attractive and carry their beauty pot can be set as ide for another yea r or habitat. They like a soil rich with humus well into the fall when the seed heads dry set outside into the garden. and a shady spot in the garden. Leaves are and split, revealing shiny black seeds that about two inches wide and 10 inches long, look like Victorian jet jewelry. A Fine Yellow resting flat upon the soil when mature and Look for variations in color. The white Allium flavum is another flowering onion disappearing before the flowers appear on form is especially charming for the border. without a common name. Blossoms are a foot-long scapes. They bloom in early to bright yellow, usually appearing in mid­ midsummer, and after the flowers fade an A Perfect Blue summer in loose globular heads some two underplanting is needed to hide the bare spots left by the leaves. These plants are Allium cyaneum boasts no common name; inches across on stalks of different lengths. also known as ramps in the Appalachian it's small in stature with thin, filiform leaves The leaves are grass-like, and plants self­ Mountains, where the bulbs are purported and a taller scape of some eight inches. But sow with ease but never become pests. They to possess all kinds of magical powers. the bell-shaped, nodding flowers are a shade are perfect in either the rock garden or the of perfect blue that brighten up their tiny front of the perennial border. These plants Chinese Chives corner of the rock garden. These plants originally came from southern Europe and Some springs ago a friend in California originally came from China yet they are Turkey. sent us a package of Chinese chive seeds adapted to many climates if given an ad­ (Allium tuberosum, which the Chinese call equate snow cover in winter and a sandier The Lily Leek gow choy). We grew them like regular soil than the average allium. My plants Allium moly, or the lily leek, has been a chives, starting them indoors in late March bloom in early summer. garden favorite for many years. The star­ and planting them out in May. By July the like, bright-yellow flowers bloom in early foot-high chive leaves were topped with One for Forcing to midsummer, the heads some three inches bunches of delicate white blossoms, en­ When my bulbs of Allium karataviense ar­ across on foot-long scapes. They are more tirely unlike the typical chive. We were rived in the fall of 1979, three went directly vigorous than most of the alliums, and instructed to chop up the budding flower into the back end of the rock garden and with a good position in the border the heads and add them to tossed salads be­ three were planted in a nine-inch clay pot gardener will soon have a sizeable clump cause they impart a mild and pleasant garlic filled with potting soil, sand and com­ of flowers. The only reason my bunch has taste, while the leaves taste more like on­ posted cow manure (one third of each). I remained under control is because they fight ions. In the fall we always dig up a few covered the bulbs with two inches of soil, for space with a large clump of eulalia bulbs to bring indoors for salads. 0 grass (Miscanthus sinensis). watered them well and covered the pot -Peter Loewer with an old dinner plate. I then set the pots For the Rock Garden Peter Loewer is a botanical artist and under the greenhouse benches where tem­ scientific illustrator who writes and illustrates peratures would fluctuate between 30° to Allium ostrowskianum blooms in late spring his own books. His latest book is Evergreens, 45°F. or early summer when given a sunny spot A Guide for Landscape, Lawn and Garden.

American Horticulturist 13 14 August 1983 The Delaware Valley: A Garden Heritage BY ELIZABETH D. HUME

hen, in 1681, William Penn have learned much about plants from an planned the colonial devel­ early follower, Thomas Lawson, a former W opment of Pennsylvania, he vicar from Westmoreland, England, who was careful to preserve green spaces for turned his herbarium collection over to the future. London had been rebuilt after John Ray for his Synopsis Methodica Stir­ the great fire of 1666 with acres of parks pium Brittanicarum of 1690. The land that established throughout the city to serve as Penn gave to Fox in Philadelphia was willed fire breaks and green areas for residents. to become a garden " . . . for lads and Parks were laid out in each quadrant of lasses to learn simples there, and the uses Philadelphia, with a fifth central square of to convert them to." The garden was not 10 acres for "Houses for Public Affairs." created, but most Quaker schools have fol­ Penn's vision of a country town included lowed this dictum, setting aside an arbor­ streets " . . . uniform down to the water etum or garden as a learning tool on from the country bounds." Dwellings within campus. each share were to be placed " ... in ye So the Quaker love of nature definitely middle of its platt, that there may be ground left its mark on Philadelphia and the sur­ on each side for Gardens or Orchards, or rounding area-now known as the Dela­ fields, it may be a greene Country Towne ware Valley. Plant explorers, plantsmen, which will never be burnt, and always seedsmen, nurseries, gardens and garden wholesome." Penn also stipulated that schools have all been nurtured in this rich wherever land was developed in his col­ horticultural environment. Because the ony, there should be an acre of trees left winters an~ not so lengthy and the summers standing for every five acres deared. are not usually extremely hot, many plants Penn was himself an avid gardener, fas­ from as far north as New England and as cinated by the wealth of plants found in far south as Georgia can be grown with the New World and eager to try out many good care in the Delaware Valley. for commercial production. Among the in­ None of the earliest gardens still exist structions to his gardeners at his country in Philadelphia, although there have been house, Pennsbury, on the Delaware River, some stylistic restorations such as the co­ were details to establish vineyards and move lonial garden of the Pennsylvania Horti­ native trees such as the sweet gum OFltO cultural Society at 3rd & Walnut, Bar­ the property. (Penn, like Washington, spent tram's Garden, Powell House and more years away from his country estate Pennsbury Manor. The truly authentic dreaming up plans and writing his gar­ remnants of earlier Philadelphia gardens dener than he actually spent living there.) can be found in the city's suburbs. The Penn's love of natun: may have derived Highlands in Ft. Washington was at its partly from his Quaker associations. George Fox, the founder of the Religious Society The Grange in Havertown is the garden of Friends, used many natural metaphors where George Washington and his new in his preaching. Fox had a philosopher's cabinet met during the summer that yellow interest in botany and gardening. He may fever raged through Philadelphia.

American Horticulturist 15 height in the 1840's. It featured a romantic University of Pennsylvania, wbere one of walled garden and model scientific agri­ the earliest botanic gardens was also es­ cultural farm methods. The Grange in tablish~d-this to aid physicians who had Havertown is the garden where Washing­ to learn about the medicinal properties of ton and his cabinet met just after forma­ plants. There were ~Iaborate plans f0r a tion of our government. In the heat of sum­ Physic Garden at Pennsylvania Hospital, mer, in 1793, whil~ yellow fever raged but it has only become a reality in recent through the city, they sought the (;001 years. woodlands of the country rather than Phil­ Several horticulture schools developed adelphia to conduct affairs of stat~. as a result of this interest. The Delaware Interest in plants led to the developrn~nt Valley College of Science and Agriculture of numerous seed companies and nurseries was founded in 1896 in Bucks County to in the area, some of which still exist today. teach ga~dening and agricultural skills on Burpee was preceded by other compani~s a prof ~ ssional level. The Pennsylvania such as Landreth, Hibbert and Buist, and . School of Horticulture for Women was Dreer. In the 19th century, Montgomery started early in this centl!lry by Jane Bowne County alone had 19 sizeable commercial Haines and was directed for many years nurseries; Chester County had extensive by Louise Bush-Brown, co-author of cut flower greenhol!lses. These greenhouses America's Garden Book. That school have suffered as a result of rising fuel costs evolved into the Department of Horticul­ and foreign competition in the last decad ~ , ture and Landscape Design at Ternple Uni­ but tber~ are still many diversified growers versity's Ambler Campus. In 1940, Laura in the Pbiladelphia-Wilmington area. Barn~s, the wife of the famous art collector The Delaware Valley acquired such a Albert C. Barnes, founded the School of reputation that many plant explorers such the Arboretum as part of the Barnes Foun­ as Kalm, Nuttall, Raffinesque, Pursh and dation in Merion. It has trained a great Michaux stopped at this hortiCl!lltural mecca many amateur gardeners and designers, and on their way into the heart of the country. is instrumental in supplying the sizeable In fact, it is believed tbat the Lewis and corps of horticultural volunteers on which Clark expedition was first conceived at a Philaclelphia depends. This school offers a meeting in Bernard M'Mahon's shop in vigorous three-y~ar pwgram in botany, Pbiladelphia with Thomas Jefferson pres­ taxonomy, horticulture and landscape ar­ ent. The important herharium collection chitecture. from that expedition is deposited at the In the mid-19th c~ntury th~ Pearce Academy of Natl!lral Sciences in Philadel­ brothers, Quakers of Chester County, had phia, along with the herbaria of other his­ kmg maintained their property as a pleas­ toric collectors acti.ve during the last 300 ure garden open to the public. This garden years. was purchased as a summer house by Pierr~ Philadelphia residents John Bartram and du Pont in 1906 and was later developed his sons William and John were at the hub into th~ magnificent display gardens that of early exploration and plant exchange. we know as Longwood. The old house still John and William both carri~d on corre­ stands on the property in the ancient woods spondence with European plantsmen such to the east of the formal gardens where as Carl Linnaeus, Sir Hans Sloan, Peter the native £lora are preserved and en­ Collinson and John Fothergill. Bartram's hanced with judicious selection. garden was maintained by the family and­ Another Quaker pair belonging to the by later owners until the middle of the 19th same regional "Quarterly Meeting" as th~ century and is now a featured historic site Pearces and Marshalls were the Painter of the city's Fairmount Parks. brothers. They planted nearly a thousand With so many knowledgeable people lo­ shrubs and trees on their Minshall prop­ cated in and around Philadelphia, it is not erty. Through a descendant, John J. Tyler, surprising that botany and horticulture were their farm and collection became the Tyl~r taught intensively from the start. In 1768 Arboretum in Lima, Chester County. Adam Kuhn, trained by Linnaeus, was ap­ 'The University of Pennsylvania had its pointed the first botany professor at the own botanical garden in town. In 1932 it

16 August 1983 ABOVE LEIT: Meadowbrook, owned and designed by J. Liddon Pennock, Chairman of the Philadelphia Flower Show. ABOVE RIGHT: The Flower Walk at Longwood Gardens in Kennett Square. FAR LEIT: The Swan Pond and Love Temple at the Morris Arboretum. RIGHT: The rock garden belonging to Sir John Thouron in Chester County.

American Horticulturist 17 ABOVE LEFT: The Colonial Garden at the headquarters of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. ABOVE RIGHT: "Mt. Cuba," the Lammot du Pont Copeland property. LEFT: The Rose Garden at the Morris Arboretum. RIGHT: A portion of the garden at Andalusia, now a property of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

18 August 1983 inherited the estate of John and Lydia Today Philadelphia still has colorful Morris for the express purpose of contin­ personalities associated with the plant uing scientific research and the scientific world. J. Liddon Pennock has dominated education of professionals. The Morrises the Philadelphia plant scene for years, not only had a vision of education and originally as a floral designer (climaxed by research, but also expected their garden to a stint at the White House), and more re­ be enjoyed by the public. They hoped that cently as Chairman of the Philadelphia the lovely Wissahickon river banks might Flower Show. He is a council member at be preserved for posterity. The Morris Ar­ PHS as well as President of the Philadel­ boretum is now experiencing a renaissance phia Orchestra. His garden at Meadow­ as an English landscape garden. It serves brook Farm serves as an at fresco extension an extensive population with continuing of the house and is really a series of formal education courses and conducts research rooms designed on a long axis and at dif­ on urban forestry problems and native en­ ferent levels, punctuated by sculpture and dangered species. water features. Year-round interest is cre­ There were also numerous scientific or­ ated by a variety of evergreens as well as ganizations dedicated to furthering knowl­ colorful seasonal plantings and flowering edge of plants and horticulture established shrubs and trees. The Greenhouse at Mea­ during the city's early days. The Philadel­ dowbrook Farm is an overwhelming initial phia Society for Promotion of Agriculture, experience. The fact that the ornamental founded in 1785, is now combined with plants there are for sale does nothing to the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, minimize the impact of the stunning va­ which was founded in 1827. The Library riety of plants displayed. Company, The Academy of Natural Sci­ Ernesta Ballard served for many years ences, the Philadelphia Zoological Society as Executive Director of the Pennsylvania & Botanical Garden and The Philadelphia Horticultural Society. She is primarily Botanical Society are all institutions that credited with building the Society into a at some point in their history have actively strong organization and with rebuilding sought knowledge of plants. the Philadelphia Flower Show into the Near Longwood are three private gar­ magnificent public spectacle it is today­ dens which today carryon the historic tra­ one of Philadelphia's principal visitor at­ ditions of the early plantsmen. The garden tractions. Mr. and Mrs. Ballard's garden of Sir John Thouron was begun on the is a gem of alpine and bonsai specimens broad sweeps of Chester County 25 years designed for intimate enjoyment by family ago; today its perennial borders rival any and friends. in European gardens. Thouron is a keen All of these gardens and academic in­ collector of both hardy and tender plants, stitutions contribute to a horticultural en­ and his Scottish gardener, Jock Christie, vironment that is unsurpassed in excel­ carries on the centuries-old traditions of lence in this country. Next month, members Scottish horticulture. The Lammot du Pont of the American Horticultural Society will Copeland property, "Mt. Cuba," is an­ have the opportunity to view and learn other garden where collections of uncom­ about the garden traclition of the Delaware mon plants are displayed in tasteful design. Valley firsthand when they attend the So­ Wildflowers populate wooded slopes above ciety's 38th Annual Meeting. Garden tours, the pond and, in company with exotics, lectures and panel discussions designed to colorfully adorn a steep rocky outcrop along introduce them to this rich heritage are the entranceway. Landscape architect Wil­ certain to convince all those attending that liam Frederick and his wife have carved a William Penn's wish for the establishment designer'S haven out of a rushing Delaware of a "greene Country Towne" in the Del­ stream bed in a small valley between steep aware Valley has been honored for over slopes. Th€y carryon the homesteader's 300 years. 6 tradition of farming (and gardening) under Elizabeth Hume is Director of the Education difficult environmental conditions and do Department of the American Horticultural a beautiful job of it. Society.

American Horticulturist 19 BY JOAN SAYERS BROWN

ater gardens vary greatly in size and shape, but they the fish, who cannot escape." The 4,OOO-gallon pool has a re­ all have a common denominator: their owners enjoy circulating pump for its waterfall. Zajic estimates that the level ~them tremendously. The water gardens surveyed here of an average water garden drops one inch per week during the range from one that is large and complex to others that occupy summer months; it can be replenished with a garden hose in medium to small, manageable areas. about half an hour. Mr. and Mrs. Michael Zajic have a water garden as one of He has built his water gardens to last a lifetime, given proper several "rooms" in their large garden. Mr. Zajic, who is a care. Zajic recommends a site that receives full sun for at least landscape designer, regards water as "the voice of a garden. five hours a day, because water plants need that much When anyone makes a garden, it's his own little bit of Eden, a radiation to bloom. As a result of his own experience he does reflection of nature," he says. "The full complement of nature not advise putting the pond under deciduous trees, which shed includes earth, air and water. A water garden gives a voice to a leaves, nuts, sap and twigs. garden with sound and visual motion; the goal is to make it as The shape of the pool should be dug into the ground. "Don't natural as possible, so one must observe nature closely." make it all on a slope, part of it should be fairly level. There Because the Zajics' garden and neighborhood contain many must be a deep place, over two feet, but three to four is deciduous trees, they spread a plastic net over their pool in the preferable, for the fish. Deep water is necessary for their fall to catch the leaves. " If leaves are in the pool when the growth, and in cold weather they need a place where the water freezes over, they will produce methane gas and poison Continued on page 43

20 August 1983 ABOVE LEIT: The Zajic water garden. ABOVE RIGHT: A hardy water lily, 'Virginalis'. LEIT: What was once a small, plain yard is now a delightful garden at the Washington, D.C. home of Susanne Shaw, an interior designer. She asked her friend, landscape gardener Michael Zajic, to create a care­ free area for outdoor living and entertaining, actually an extension of her house. Zajic designed a water garden complete with waterfall and a flagstone patio that blends with the stones edging the pool. Hungarian born Suzanne talks to her Koi in her native language, and they swim to the edge of the pond at the sound of her voice. Mr. Zajic believes that fish are essential to all water gardens because they eat mosquito eggs and add an important decorative touch. Says Zajic, "Koi live to be 100 years old and are passed down through generations in Japan. They see and hear; they learn to know their master and are aware of individuals but may hide from strangers. Tame fish not only eat from their master's hand but will come and rub against the hand affectionately." Koi come from Japan, goldfish from China; both are of the carp family. Hardy, tall pickerel rushes, Pontederia cordata, native to the East Coast, attract butterflies and bees. Eichhornia azurea, commonly called peacock hyacinth, blooms in the hottest time of the summer in response to temperature; its roots provide an excellent place for fish to hide, eat and spawn. Hardy arrowhead, Sagittaria lophotocarpus, blossoms with a white flower from spring to frost.

American Horticulturist 21 ABOVE: Twenty years ago Mr. and Mrs. David Varner, of Washington, D.C., decided to add a small freeform water garden at the edge of their brick patio. A small re-circulating pump keeps the four­ by-six-foot (approximate) pool practically maintenance free. A single hardy water lily, 'Comanche', blooms during the summer months and remains potted in place through the winter. Boards with a layer of straw cover the pool during the cold weather, protecting the lily, snails and fish. Mr. Varner cleans the pool in the spring, allowing the water to purify before returning the fish and snails to their home. The only problem the Varners have encountered has come from a family of raccoons who live in a tree a block away and consider the snails a delicacy. Their nocturnal raids leave dead fish and torn plants and have prompted Mr. Varner to construct a lightweight, protective screen to cover the pool at night. RIGHT: The Japanese water garden at Hillwood, the Washington, D.C. estate of the late Mrs. Marjorie Meriweather Post, designed by Shogo J. Myaida of Tokyo, is an excellent American example of pure Japanese landscape art. Each stone, each plant has been carefully selected for its place in the garden. The hill around the waterfall is planted with dwarf evergreens, azaleas and English ivy. "Snow" lanterns, traditional to temple and tea house gardens as well as other gardens, illuminate pathways. Stepping stones meander across the mid-level pond. Taebok Kang of Washington Woodworking Company, Inc., received the Building Congress award of excellence for his design and construction of the two redwood bridges. A Japanese maple provides an accent color. Other interest comes from the umbrella palm (Cyperus alternifolius) below the bridge, which is removed to the greenhouse during the winter. Steward Bankert, the garden's horticultural advisor, reports that this garden area is almost maintenance free except for pruning once or twice a year. Water lilies in the lower pond are the hardy 'Virginia' and 'Mrs. C.W. Thomas'.

22 August 1983 ABOVE: 'Aquarius' water lily CENTER: A large pond (20 by 30 feet, 9,000 gallons) forms the focal point of a garden behind an elegant Victorian house in Washington's Georgetown section. Lester Collins, A.S.L.A., designed this water garden in consultation with its owners, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Edmund Lee, in 1961. San Jose junipers pruned into square topiaries repeat the shapes of the cantilevered stones on either side of the rear wall. A waterfall flows over those to the left, while those on the right form steps. Koi, common goldfish and calico fantails (Shubunkin) swim among the iris and water J.ilies, which include both tropical and hardy varieties. Toward the center of the pond is a special peach- colored hardy lily, 'Mrs. C.W. Thomas', named in honor of the wife of the owner of Lilypons Water Gardens. BELOW: The Alexandria, Virginia water garden of Mr. and Mrs. David Ginsberg is the focal point of a formal rectangular rose garden bordered with English boxwood (Buxus sempervirens). Bronze statues decorate the edge of the surrounding wall, which serves as a seat. This edge was rebuilt in 1972, although the pool is over 55 years old. Selective plantings provide an uncrowded environment so that life in the water garden remains healthy. The two hardy water lilies are cut back and repotted each spring, but the two tropical specimens must be replaced each year, as is the papyrus (Cyperus papyrus). Oxygenating plants and snails, which remain year after year, help maintain an ecological balance. Bright comet goldfish (Carassius aratus) thrive here and are fed twice a week. A pinch of Terramycin soluble powder added to their regular fish food protects them from disease. Happily the fish are self-sufficient creatures. When the Varners go on vacation they don't worry about them since the fish can survive on natural food in the water such as mosquito larvae.

American Horticulturist 23 24 August 1983 Broo reen BY STEVE BENDER

very small town should have some­ places for locating sculpture. Inside the wall, thing to recommend it. Murrells Mrs. Huntington designed the garden walks EInlet, South Carolina, does. It is in the shape of a butterfly with out­ home to Mickey Spillane, famous mystery stretched wings. Within two years, the gar­ writer and the Back Porch restaurant, fea­ dens were opened to the public. turing the sincerest of pecan pies and Brookgreen's entrance from Highway southern waitresses. But, most of all, it is 17 is about the most dramatic imaginable. where one finds Brookgreen Gardens, this Standing high atop a block of stone is country's foremost sculpture garden. Fighting Stallions, a magnificent alumi­ Brookgreen Gardens sits on a narrow num sculpture by Anna Hyatt Huntington, peninsula, called Waccamaw Neck, be­ and one of the largest castings in this ma­ tween the Atlantic Ocean on the east and terial ever attempted. The awesome power the Waccamaw River on the west. The site of the piece arrests the eyes of would-be embodies the very essence of southern flora. passers-by and bids them enter. There are live oaks (Quercus virginiana), Mrs. Huntington apparently favored their massive arms majestically brushing equine sculpture, for two of the gardens' the ground; bald cypresses (Taxodium dis­ other dominant pieces also feature horses. tichum), with knobby knees peering like Riders of the Dawn, with its heroic horse­ periscopes above the marsh water; and men atop mighty steeds, is the focus of the Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) Dogwood Garden. Designed by A. A. smothering every tree branch and tele­ Weinman, Riders was carved from two phone line in sight. The sandy soil supports blocks of Indiana limestone, each weighing forest stands 0f longleaf pine (Pinus pal­ 40 tons. On the western side of the gardens ustris) and turkey oak, ~Quercus laevis) and reigns Pegasus, a monumental work carved an occasional palmetto (SabaJ sp.). of Mt. Airy (N.C.) granite by Laura Gardin Brookgreen Gardens began as a con­ Fraser. The winged horse, riding the clouds, glomerate of old rice plantations pur­ was carved on the site from three separate chased for use as a summer home in 1930 stone blocks, an effort that required over by Mr. and Mrs. Archer Huntington. At four years to complete. first the gardens were viewed solely as a Through donations and purchases, splendid sam:tuary for Mrs. Huntington's Brookgreen continually acquires new sculpture (she was a well-known sculp­ sculpture in a variety of materials, includ­ tress). However, the Huntingtons' vision ing marble, limestone, granite, aluminum soon widened. They saw Brookgreen be­ and bronze. The Museum of Small Sculp­ coming a museum without walls housing ture, an unroofed building of cement­ a representative collection of American sprayed brick, houses a wide selection of sculpture from the 19th century onwards. smaller pieces that cannot be accommo- Feeling that art is best seen in the midst of Continued on page 40 nature, they dete~mined to sUFfound it with a wide variety of plants and animals native to the southeastern United States. ABOVE, FAR LEFT: At left, Flamingo; at right, Black Necked Stork, both by Paul The initial step in constructing the orig­ Manship. inal gardens was to build a winding, open­ MIDDLE: Dionysus by Edward McCartan. work brick wall to define the grounds. The TOP RIGHT: Long, Long Thoughts by red brick was sprayed with cement, giving Charles Parks. LEFT: Swans, by Gaston Lachaise, in the it a gray tone so it would harmonize with Dogwood Pond. the Spanish moss hanging from the trees. RIGHT: Jaguar by Anna H. Huntington, The rambling wall's many niches made ideal poised over Agave parryi.

American Horticulturist 25 Seaside Gardening

TEXT AND PHOTOGRAPHY BY PAMELA HARPER

easide gardens are a mixed bless­ umbellata), arrowwood (Viburnum den­ ing. Summers are cooler than they tatum), wild thorns, bayberry (Myrica spe­ Sare inland; winters are warmer; cies), various privets, inkberry (!lex gla­ spring and autumn frosts are farther apart; bra) and, in the mildest regions, such summer breezes lower humidity, making evergreens as Escallonia and Griselinia. the garden a pleasanter place to be and Massed planting of a single species is un­ lessening the likelihood of the insect and wise because if (as with the elm) a pest or fungus infestations that occur when the air dis€ase destroys that species, then all is is stagnant. Gusting, salt-laden gales are lost; with a mixed planting you don't have the other side of the coin, blackening and all your eggs in one basket. Be guided by defoliating plants, and sometimes tearing local knowledge: Japanese black pine (Pi­ them out of the ground. nus thunbergiana, formerly P. thunbergii) The soil is usually sandy. Sand warms is one of the hardiest and most salt- and up early in the year, so seashore gardeners wind-resistant evergreens, but in some areas have a head start over those inland, which it is being decimated by nematodes. What­ is particularly advantageous in the vege­ ever is chosen, plant them close for mutual table garden. Sand is easy to dig, and it protection, being prepared to do some can be worked or walked on after rain thinning later if necessary. without damaging its structure. Sand ab­ One of the world's most famous seaside sorbs water rapidly, with little lost to run­ gardens is Tresco Abbey in the Scilly Isles off. On the other hand, sand dries out fast, off the coast of England. A century ago it it is usually low in nutrients, dry sand may was bleak and bare, with such vegetation drift, and although fast-draining, sand can as could survive kept low by sweeping get waterlogged if underlain by the tight­ packed layer of subsoil called hardpan. ABOVE: Wild roses and Myrica pensylvanica on a Martha's Vineyard beach. Favored trees and shrubs for shelter belts RIGHT: Sea oats, Uniola paniculata, is an include pines, spruce, oaks, white poplar excellent plant for stabilizing the sandy soil of (Populus alba), autumn olive (Elaeagnus a seaside garden.

26 August 1983 winds. Now the range of plants grown there is similar to that of Southern Cali­ fornia. Shelter belts made this possible, us­ ing oak, Monterey cypress and Monterey pine. Monterey cypress (Cupressus ma­ crocarpa) is a fast growing evergreen much used for filtering salt-laden breezes, but it is cold hardy only to U.S.D.A. Zone 7b. Over the last 20 years its place in English gardens has been taken by a comparatively new hybrid, the Leyland cypress, X Cu­ pressocyparis leylandii. This has the dis­ tinction of growing more rapidly than any other evergreen, making a narrow screen as much as 20 feet high in five years from a cutting. Three forms of Leyland cypress are sold in the United States, having green, yellow-green or gray-green foliage. There is an attractive form raised, I believe, in the United States that has foliage speckled with white. Leyland cypress is hardy to Zone 6/7. If the garden is too small for a shelter belt, then a wall, fence, hedge or the banked sand of dunes must provide protection. A solid wall may not be the best choice. When wind hits an impenetrable barrier it does not stop but goes over the top, or through such gaps as gateways, continuing with undiminished force and often wreaking more havoc than if no barrier had been there at all. Filtered wind goes on its way more gently, and tests have shown that 55 percent density is ideal. A wall of pierced concrete block or openwork brick is usu­ ally better than a solid one. A hedge might be the best choice were it not for the labor of keeping it trimmed. With some of the bite taken out of the wind, there remains the sand. If it needs stabilizing, some of the best plants for the purpose include sea buckthorn (Hippo­ phae rhamnoides), sea oats (Uniola pan­ iculata), Rosa rugosa, and such native roses as R. carolina and R. virginiana. Tem­ porary barriers (snow fence might be used) will be needed until the plants become w€ll anchored. When hardpan or clay underlies the sand, as it does in my own garden, spot treat­ ment consists of boring holes with an auger and filling these with stones and gravel. A commoner solution is raised beds, often edged with rail ties, or with planks of salt­ treated, rot and termite resistant lumber. Because it can be bent to a curve, my own preference is for one-by-six-inch redwood strips, obtainable from lumberyards in lengths up to 16 feet. A tip: if the edging strip is insufficiently curved for your pur­ pose when bent as far as it seems to want TOP: Rosa rugosa, another excellent plant for stabilizing sandy soil, has attractive rose to white flowers and ornamental hips that turn red in the fall . to go, knock in a stake (a garden fork does BELOW: Drought resistant perennials suitable for the seaside garden: Opuntia, Yucca, the job if you have one temporarily to spare) Gaillardia, Asclepias, Hydrangea, Verbascum.

28 August 1983 (Zone 5), prostrate junipers, Uuniperus horizontalis), (Zone 2), the Zone 4 hardy butterfly weed, gaillardia, daylilies, Opun­ tia humifusa, moss-pink (Phlox subulata) and the even hardier creeping, ground­ covering Potentilla tridentata, which I have found to be the very best carpeter for sun and sand. Magnolias, to my surprise, fared well. Dogwoods suffered worst. Gerani­ ums (Pelargonium) are among the best container plants for seaside gardens. There are two approaches to gardening on sand. The sand can be turned into loam by adding (and forever continuing to add) quantities of such humus-forming material as peatmoss, compost, leafmold, manure and (nature's bounty for those who garden by the sea) seaweed. The other course is to grow plants that like, or at least put up with sand. How can you tell what these are? Under seashore conditions it doesn't do to take something home from the gar­ den center just because it's pretty. Most of the best seashore plants have leaves that are either slender or needlelike, gray, tough and leathery, or thick and fleshy, usually a combination of two or more of these qualities. These are all ways in which plants reduce transpiration and thus protect themselves against the desiccating effect of cold, wind, heat and salt. Another clue lies in the family to which a plant belongs. Brooms (Cytisus, Genista, Spartium junceum), indigos (Indigofera) , lead plant (Amorpha canescens), bladder senna (Colutea) and pea-tre€ (Caragana) all belong to the L€guminosae or pea fam­ ily. A characteristic of this family is the presence on the roots of little nodules caused by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Garden encyclopedias list plants rec­ ommended for seashore gardens. Wy­ man's Garden Encyclopedia is a helpful guide for East Coast gardeners, Suns€t's Western Garden Book for those on the West Coast. The names of plants offer fur­ ther clues. Anything with the botanical name maritima ("of the sea") is a likely candidate. Popular names to check out are those containing the words beach, coast, sea, shore, sand and salt. The plants listed Pelargoniums in terrace containers by the sea. below are among the best. TREES AND SHRUBS to hold it in that position, then leave it for th~ bottom of the trench, then filling it with a few w~eks. The redwood strip can then, sawdust topped with mulch. . • Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rham­ with ease, be b~nt further. Raised beds Raised beds dry out fast and mulching noides). Zone 4. Inland this grows tall, but need extra soil to fill them. Where I live is advisable. Through a rainless summer on beaches it makes huddled, sand-stabi­ topsoil is scarce, expensive and of poor my most drought-resistant plants were lizing thickets of dense, suckering stems. qllality, but wood mulch and sawdust are Abelia X grandiflora and A. 'Edward The deciduous leaves are slender and gray. available. Paths alongside the beds were Goucher' (Zone 6 hardy), Indian-haw­ Rated A-I for ruggedness, its most orna­ made by digging out a foot or more of soil thorn (Raphiolepis) and ]erusalem-sag~ mental feature is the orange berries that (using this for the raised beds), putting a (Phlomis f-ruticosa), both hardy to Zones wreath the thorny branches of female thick layer of overlapping newspapers at 7-8, rosemary (Zone 7), Yucca filamentosa Continued on page 42

American Horticulturist 29

----- TEXT AND PHOTOGRAPHY BY PAUL ADEN

apan is a country rich in plants suit­ those in the middle of lawns. Their pres­ able to the American landscape, and, ence apparently makes it easier to mow a J as a result, Japanese species and cul­ neat edge. All of these hostas overhang the tivars commonly grace our gardens. Hos­ walk-edge as well as the empty horizontal tas are no exception. Their lush, variable space between adjacent plants, leaving lit­ foliage and shade-loving tendencies have tle room for weeds to grow. Gold-leaved made them popular perennials in this cultivars are particularly effective edging country. Not only can hostas be found plants in the shade because they seem to growing wild in Japan, but the Japanese light up dark areas. Variegated hostas in have also used these plants very creatively white or yellow are attractive in either sun in their gardens. Since the Japanese have or shade. Hostas with very glossy leaves found so many uses for this plant and have or ones with unusual foliage texture or expressed such an interest in the new, ex­ color (like blue) are also very effective as citing cultivars American breeders are pro­ edging plants. In general, the hostas used ducing, I was happy to accept an invitation as edging plants are lower, neater and have from the Japanese Horticultural Society to less visual impact than the bedding plants visit and lecture there. found in Japanese gardens. Soon after my arrival my hosts took me At larger sites, the Japanese use hostas on a plant hunting expedition. Imagine my very effectively as ground covers. They work delight at finding hostas growing in the as a tidying-up device, converting un­ wild-out of thin cracks in sheer, granite sightly waste areas, such as the area under cliffs overhanging a stream and sometimes shallow-rooted trees or slopes where few competing with tree roots as they barely plants could hold the soil, into attractive hung onto rocks. Any doubts I had about spaces. The flow and rhythm of their inter­ the rugged quality of these plants were meshing foliage create a tasteful, impres­ quickly dispelled. I found hostas growing sive, but low-maintenance site. Hostas in areas ranging from the deepest shade to perform well in spaces between rocks or full sun-plants in sunny situations typi­ tree roots, or on sharp slopes, particularly cally thrived most profusely near a body when they are set in place in clump strength. of water. Finishing such areas with hostas used as Hostas were also prevalent in Japanese ground covers, and converting them from gardens. They were used as background, unattractive eyesores into areas of the gar­ foreground, rock garden, ground cover and den that provide a sense of comfortable edging plants. The Japanese love of hostas repose, is a most satisfying triumph of Jap­ is so great that they were naturally inter­ anese gardening. ested in the new American hybrids I showed Stoloniferous tendencies are more tol­ them. Our bright golds, intense blues and erable in ground cover plants than in plants margin and medio-variegation types cre­ used for edging. In fact, such tendencies ated a sensation (see a list at the end of are desirable in ground covers used to con­ this article). But for me, it was Japanese trol erosion on slopes. Many narrow-leaved ingenuity in using this plant, whether spe­ hostas tend to be mildly stoloniferous. None cies or the newest cultivar, that intrigued could be called invasive. Some good ex­ me the most on my trip. amples of stoloniferous hostas especially Imagine seeing pots of hostas decorating suitable as ground covers are H. 'Celebra­ a sidewalk, front or back porch, hostas as tion', H. 'Ginko Craig' and H. 'Ground sentinels at gate entrances, or masses of Master'. Hostas that the Japanese use as them planted along the steep banks of ir­ ground covers are more varied in size than rigation canals as beautiful and effective those used as edging plants. In general, the erosion control. size of the plants increases (even up to four In Japan, Hosta is even a food crop. In feet) as the depth of the bed becomes larger the shaded, mountainous areas, particu­ or as the plants are placed farther into the larly in the north, the stems of young H. background. This is not a rigid rule. Fra­ sieboldiana and H. montana are sliced into grant-flowered hostas are planted near the one-inch chunks, boiled and eaten with a front of beds where their aroma can be sweet, soy-type sauce. Young hosta leaves enjoyed in the prevailing breezes. are dipped into an egg batter and deep fried Fortunately, many dwarf hostas are tempura-style. In a country where open, arable land is at such a premium, this use Because of the variety of color, shape and of shaded areas to produce hosta vegeta­ texture of hosta foliage, to say nothing of their flower color during the summer, it is bles is a virtue. possible to create a garden of considerable The Japanese use hostas as edging plants beauty with hostas alone, as this photograph around trees and flower beds, especially suggests.

American Horticulturist 31 available for use as ground covers in rock to glow at dusk. Other good choices, par­ combinations of hostas used with peonies, gardens. Typically, cultivars selected for ticularly for sunny areas, are hostas that daylilies, iris, conifers and ferns cause each use as ground covers in rock gardens are have especially glossy-green foliage or have plant in the planting to magnify the beauty more exciting in color than those used as yellow variegation at the leaf margin or of every other plant. I was unprepared for edging plants. Masses of blue-leaved hos­ within the center of the leaf (medio­ the number of Japanese shade gardens in tas adjacent to splashes of yellow- or gold­ variegation). which hostas predominate. This is easier leaved cultivars effectively reinforce one The Japanese use some hostas as spec­ to accomplish than would appear at first another. Some gold cultivars color nicely imen plants. These, of course, are plants blush. Hostas offer a tremendous range of in the shade and will perk up what would selected for their great visual impact. The size, form and other attributes, which normally be a dull spot. Many almost seem medio-variegated hostas are especially ef­ maintain interest and at the same time fective when used in this manner. continuity. Variegation combined with other inter­ esting foliage characteristics such as leaf OOThS shape, texture, finish and the possible pres­ Japanese gardeners ence of unique flower fragrance, color and forfood arrangement of buds and placement on the knowhow to scape (including branching) and unique size Both the petioles and young leaves (including dwarfs as well as giants), make highlight their and young shoots (just emerging from it easy to understand how an individual the ground) of H. montana 'Au reo cultivar with the right combination of specimen hostas. Marginata', H. 'Frances Williams' and qualities can become an attention getter. They are generally H. 'Samurai' have been used in a Japanese gardeners know how to high­ number of different ways. light their specimen hostas. They are gen­ presented either as • Young leaves can be used to wrap erally presented either as individuals or in rice balls or meat balls (as a substi­ groups of three and are often elevated and individuals or in tute for cabbage leaves). positioned closer to the viewer, no matter groups of three. • Hosta salad can be prepared by what the size. Either more space is allowed cutting leaf petioles into short pieces around them or they are set against a neu­ about one inch long. Remove the skin tral background that does not compete for American gardeners ought to know that and boil slightly so as not to lose the attention. Specimen hostas are particularly hostas generally succeed from mid-Ala­ green color. Toss the pieces with a effective in small gardens and work very bama (around Birmingham) to latitudes in dressing made of a nut or sesame well with companion plants such as as­ mid-Canada. There are some hosta species paste, salt, vinegar and sugar to taste. tilbe, ferns, iris and daylilies. from southernmost Japan that may suc­ Try a little soy sauce also. Hosta flowers have been greatly im­ ceed farther south, but they have not been • A tempura dish can be prepared by proved in size, form and arrangement in fully tested. Hostas in Florida and Texas using young leaves or cut-up young recent years. In Japan, during midsummer, have problems. In general, the hosta suc­ shoots (before the blade opens). flowering hostas help to bridge the gap cess range varies with the amount of rain­ These can be covered by a batter of between the June and fall flower seasons. fall and average temperature. Since alti­ egg and bread crumbs and then deep It is also not surprising to see hosta flowers tude affects average temperature, and fried. The Japanese are very inter­ used in bouquets and arrangements. The waterholding ability of the soil determines ested in cooking with native plants, ability of the Japanese to use a single hosta the amount of rainfall needed, these too and many programs dealing with leaf as a foil in a corsage or arrangement are factors along with the amount of shade. hosta cooking are seen on their TV. as well as many hosta leaves as fillers in Hostas are extremely long-lived, per­ • Flower buds can also be prepared flower bouquets is a use of the plant I had manent foliage plants. For some reason, tempura style. Wash and dry the not seen. It might even be worthwhile to people just don't throw hostas away. They hosta buds. Dust well with flour and grow hostas indoors during the winter sea­ look best when they are planted right the dip into a batter made of 2 egg yolks, son just for this purpose. first time and then left alone to mature. In 1 cup water, 1 cup flour, 1/2 tsp. salt. It is easy to accept the idea that as a fact, a minimum of two years growth at a The oil for deep frying should be gardener gets older, his or her zest for given site is necessary for a hosta to show kept hot (about 365°-370°F) so the maintenance changes. The older the gar­ its typical color. A minimum of three to flowers quickly fry to a golden color. den-and gardener-the more likely the five years may be necessary for your hosta Make the following sauce to dip garden is to be shadier. Maybe it was a plant to show its many attributes. them in for serving: 2 avocados, 1/4 coincidence, but I found more hostas in The moisture transpired by a plant var­ cup mayonnaise, 1 garlic clove, Japanese gardens that belong to older gar­ ies with leaf surface area. To keep your mashed, 2 Tb. lemon juice and a deners. No longer able to maintain a de­ hostas at their peak, especially during hot dash of Tabasco sauce. manding maintenance schedule, they find and dry summer heat, pick a shady site. A Mash avocados and combine all in­ hostas are a blessing. With no staking or high shade canopy that provides dappled gredients. A drop of green food col­ pruning, minimal spraying, replanting, shade is ideal. The blue-foliaged hostas oring may be added for proper eye fertilizing or weeding, hostas work well 'certainly hold their color better in areas appeal. Chill at least one hour before for them. with considerable shade, and the blue color serving. The Japanese have a special gift for will also last longer if you avoid watering working with companion plants. Their with a high pressure hose. Some golds color

32 August 1983 up nicely in the shade, others require more Two drops of rubbing alcohol applied to for their growth. If American hybridizers sun to show their best color. In general, the head of a slug also usually works. Dregs continue to produce so many new and de­ plants with white either in the margin or of beer placed at dusk in old jelly jars or sirable types, and if Japanese gardeners as medio-variegation are very effective in plastic covers seem to be a powerful slug continue to show the world just how ver­ the shade. Combining blue and gold hostas attractant and killer (no brand preference satile hostas can be, a long and happy fu­ in shade areas works well. shown). In general, pest damage dimin­ ture is assured for these plants. B Think of your hosta plants as fountains ishes as your plants mature and have better Paul Aden is a former editor of the American or air conditioners. A considerable amount substance (it makes for tougher chewing). Hosta Bulletin who now works full time in of moisture will evaporate from their leaf Hostas are really indispensable to any developing and testing low-maintenance surfaces, especially during hot, dry weather. garden that provides suitable conditions perennials for the garden. The plants not only look cool, they can also be cooling. The more you can get your soil to retain moisture (but still have drain­ age), the better your plants will look. If you have sandy soil, add large quantities (up to 50 percent) of organic matter such to buy as peat moss, leaf mold or well-compos ted manure by sifting it into the soil with a For those of you who would like to cream); shade to three-quarters sun. fork. Heavier clay soils need to have less take the hosta plunge and would like • H. 'Shade Fanfare'-foreground compost added. One-third cup of super­ a sure-fire Baker's Dozen to start size for specimen or groundcover use; phosphate, osmocote or any slow-release, with: yellow base (turns light green) with complete fertilizer mixed in with the soil • H . 'Blue Skies'-foreground size broad, cream margin; floriferous; mix doesn't hurt. Hostas will thrive amaz­ for groundcover use ; heavy blue; very shade to full sun. ingly well with little or no additional fer­ floriferous; hyacinth-like flowers; • H. tardiDora-dwarf species for tilizer treatment. Once your hostas have good grower; shade to half sun. either edging, groundcover or rock developed a good root-hair system, they • H. 'Blue Umbrellas'-huge, back­ garden; dark-green, glossy, lance can withstand drought even in full sun. ground size that impresses in a wide leaves with reddish petioles; neat You may have to be a bit more generous range of microclimates; blue, heavy­ mound; floriferous; fall flowers are with your watering during the first substanced leaves with super texture; long lasting; rapid grower; shade to summer. bound to be a classic; cap-like leaves full sun. Hostas can succeed in sunny sites. This can easily keep rain off head; shade • H. tokudama 'Aureo-nebulosa'­ is particularly true of plants with glossy to full sun. foreground size for specimen use; foliage, those with yellow and/or green fo ­ • H. 'Francee'-foreground size for round, cupped, puckered leaves with liage or those that are in established clump groundcover use; ovate shaped leaves a flushed yellow base have blue mar­ strength: Of course, greater sun exposure of blue-green have a white margin; gin; slow growth; one-quarter to results in greater moisture loss from the vigorous grower; shade to three-quar­ three-quarters sun. foliage, so your soil may have to be beefed ters sun. • H. tokudama 'Golden'-golden up to better retain moisture. • H. 'Frances Williams'-huge, sport of above; beautiful gold; half Hostas are relatively pest-free. Taxus background size for specimen or shade to full sun. weevils and inch worms may cause some groundcover use; large, round, puck­ • H. ventricosa' Aureo-marginata'­ damage. Unless you are extremely fussy ered leaves have a broad, irregular background size for groundcover or about the perfection of every leaf, the yellow margin and a blue-green base; specimen use; glossy, pinched leaves amount of damage done probably does not shade to half sun. with blue-green base have broad, ir­ warrant a spray program. Slug damage • H. 'Ginko Craig'-foreground size regular margin of yellow (that turns seems to vary with the amount of rainfall for use as edger, groundcover or in cream); rapid grower; choice; shade in May. SinGe slugs prefer soft, immature rock garden; lance leaves with frosted to three-quarters sun. growth, the most critical time for slug con­ green base with white margin; shade trol is when the plants have just emerged to three-quarters sun. Other bright golds of merit include from the ground. Reduce slug damage by • H. 'Gold Edger'-foreground size 'Golden Prayers', 'Gold Pan', 'Gold avoiding a watering pattern that leaves your for use as edger; good substance, Standard', 'Midas Touch', 'Piedmont plants wet before dark. Finding slug hiding gold, ovate leaves in neat mound; Gold' and 'Zounds'. places is the main key in control. Planning rapid grower; half shade to full sun. Other blues of merit include 'Big for garden ventilation along with leaf • H. 'Gold Standard'-background Mama', 'Blue Angel', 'Blue Moon', cleanup and the removal of masses of slug size for specimen or groundcover use; 'Blue Wedgwood', 'Hadspen Blue', eggs helps. The slug eggs are worth looking ovate leaves have yellow base with 'Love Pat', 'True' and 'True Blue'. for. They are tan, in groups of 25 or more, blue-green margin; rapid grower; Other margin and medio-variega­ about one-eighth inch round and some­ three-quarters shade to half sun. tion types to consider include 'Cele­ what transparent. They are often found in • H. montana 'Aureo-marginata'­ bration', 'Cheese Cake', 'Flamboy­ discarded containers left out-of-doors for huge, background size for specimen ant', 'Variegated', 'Fringe Benefit', the winter. The chemical metaldehyde is use; leaves with green base have 'Golden Tiara', 'Janet', 'Ground Mas­ widely sold as a bait-poison. It is more broad, irregular yellow margin (turns ter', 'Reversed' and 'Samurai'. effective when spread in small piles at dusk.

American Horticulturist 33 Hosta 'Blue Umbrellas' ~ '" SoURCES

ALLIUMS Louisiana Nursery, Route 7, Box 43, Opelousas, LA 70570, catalogue Ornamental onions are available from the $1.00, plants only. following nurseries and seed companies. Van Ness Water Gardens, 2460 North Plants Euclid, Upland, CA 91786, catalogue Gardens of the Blue Ridge, P.O. Box 10, free . Pineola, NC 28662, catalogue free, (ramps, A. tricoccum) . SEASIDE GARDENS John D. Lyon, 143 Alewife Brook Write for catalogues from Busse, Carroll HOSTA 'Blue Umbrellas' leaves Parkway, Cambridge, MA 02140, list and Wayside Gardens, whose addresses are make great rain hats . .. free. listed in the Hosta sources list, as well as Shade Gardeners love HOSTA . . . less fuss . . . more pride. Rocknoll Nursery, 9210 U.S. Route 50, to the following: For first color Hosta @Jide/Catalog Hillsboro, OH 45133, catalogue 40¢ Greer Gard(ms, 1280 Goodpasture ever printed, send $1 (refundable) to: in stamps. Island Road, Eugene, OR 97401, Sunnybrook Farms Nursery, 9448 catalogue $2.00. GROWERS SINCE 1852 Mayfield Road, Chesterland, OH Louisiana Nursery, Route i, Box 43, 44026, catalogue $1.00. Opelousas, LA 70570, catalogue Well Sweep Herb Farm, 317 Mt. Bethel $1.00. HLEHm Road, Port Murray, NJ 078 (;) 5, catalogue free. THE DELAWARE VALLEY: A nu"e,y Seed GARDEN HERITAGE MAIL ORDER DIVISION J. L. Hudson, Seeds man, P. O. Box Bibliography 2 EAST ALG0NQUIN ROAD (312) 437·2880 1058, Redwood City, CA 94064, ARLINGTON HEIGHTS, IL 80005 Roach, Hannah Benner, "The Planting catalogue $1.00. of Philadelphia." The Pennsylvania Thompson and Morgan, P. O. Box 100, Magazine of History &- Biography. Farmingdale, NJ 07727, catalogue January and April, 1968. free. From Seed to Flower-Philadelphia WATER GARDENS 1681-1876. Philadelphia: P(mnsylvania Horticultural Society. 1976. Water lilies, fountains, bog plants and pool Gardens & Arboreta of Philadelphia & Howtogeteas­ supplies are available from the following the Delaware Valley. Philadelphia: FREE! sources. ily the highest survival of Tercefltenary Gardens Collaborative. new plants faster with better Lilypons Water Gardens, Lilypons, MD 1981. roots. Make more money. 21717 and Brookshire, TX 77423, John Bartram. The John Bartram catalogue free . Association. 1953. Discover now a proven mist systenr-the latest in reliable solid state feed­ back controls. You will love its simplicity. Treat your new plants with an amazing fos;tlike mist environmentthat gets phe­ nominal results. UNEQUALLED INEXPENSIVE GUARANTEED

Allium karataviense

34 August 1983 Bring the Joys of Your Spring Garden Indoors with new prints by Nima Hunter

Marion, John Francis. Philadelphia Medica. Smith Kline Corporation. 1976. Proud, Robert. History of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1797. Myers, Albert Cook, ed. Penn's Narratives of Early Pennsylvania, West New Jersey & Delaware 1681- 1685. New York: Barnes & Noble. Pennell, Francis W. "Quaker Botanists." Friends Historical Association Bulletin. Vol. 37 #1. Spring, 1948. Webb, Alfred W. Bennett. The Fells of Swarthmoor Hall and Their Friends. London: Alfred W. Bennett, 1865.

HOSTAS Tulipa Gesmeriana and Amaryllis Pallida are two of the six images in Most garden centers and nurseries carry a our Spring portfolio. These 8V2 x n" lithographs are printed from few types of hostas, but to choose from the full range of possibilities this genus has entirely hand-drawn color separations on fine acid-free paper. They to offer, gardeners should write for several are not photomechanical reproductions. of the following catalogues and select from Introductory offer: f8 per print or $38 for the portfolio of six. Send among their offerings. now for a free color catalog! Busse Gardens, 635 East 7th Street, Nima Hunter Inc. 318 LeXington Avenue. NY NY 10016 Route 2, Box 13, Cokatom, MN 55321, catalogue $1.00. (212) 532-0628 Caprice Farm Nursery, 15425 S. W. Pleasant Hill Road, Sherwood, OR ~ ------..... 97140, catalogue free. ~ \ Carroll Gardens, P. O. Box 310, 444 fq-R"iERqiRDEN$1 Grow Orchids East Main Street, Westminster, MD 21157, catalogue free. I I Like House Englerth Gardens, Route 2, Hopkins, MI I I Plants? Yes! 49328, catalogue free. I I Klehm Nursery, 2 East Algonquin Road, Grow and enjoy orchids. th e most beautiful fl owers in the world, in Arlington Heights and Algonquin I I your own home. We' ll show you Road, Arlington Heights, IL 60005, I Justly Famous For I how. Orchids can now be grown catalogue free. by anyo ne who is able to grow even th e simplest of plants. Savory's Greenhouses and Gardens, : Rhododendrons : Through our Plant-a-M onth Club 5300 Whiting Avenue, Edina, MN you will receive a different plant each month, with in structions for 55435, catalogue free. I Azaleas I care. Bu y one plant or many. No Sunnybrook Farms Nursery, Homestead I Japanese Maples I obligation . Send fo r free brochure. Division, 9448 Mayfield Road, Dwarf Conifers Chesterland, OH 44026, catalogue I Bonsai Materials I $1.00. I Flowering Trees & Shrubs I Andre Viette Farm and Nursery, Route I Rock GardeR Plants I I 1, Box 16, Fishersville, VA 22939, I catalogue $1.00. I Good selection of I unusual Horticulture Books - I Wayside Gardens, Hodges, SC 29695, I I catalogue $1.00. Clip and mail today! I White Flower Farm, Litchfield, CT I Color catalog describes, prices over I I 2000 plants. Widely recognized as a 06>759, catalogue subscription $5.00. I I ORCHID CLUB I valuable reference book. $2.00. I Dept. FG, Box 296 I Golde ns Bridge, N .Y. 10 526 I The American Hosta Society is an excellent I source for information about these plants. : WORLD WIDE SHIPPING : Nam e ---~(mPI~ea=se~p=ri~nt~I------To join write Mrs. Joe M. Langdon, Sec­ Address ______I retary, 5605 11 th Avenwe South, Bir­ Dept AH 1280 Goodpasture Is. Rd. Cilv ______I mingham, AL 35222. The dues for a one­ I II Eugene, Oregon, 97401 Slal e Zip _____ I year membership are $12.50. I 1______(503) 686-8266 _ J \ 83) ...... ------American Horticulturist 35 PRONUNCIATION GUIDE

Guide to Botanical Names in This Issue Clethra alnifolia The accent, or emphasis, falls on the syllable KLETH-ra all-ni-FOE-lee-ah that appears in capital letters. The vowels Chasmanthium latifolium that you see standing alone are pronounced kas-MAN-thee-urn lat-i-FOL-ee-urn DUTCH BULB as follows: Colutea ko-LEW-tee-ah i-short sound; sounds like i in "hit" X Cupressocyparis leylandii o--long sound; sounds like 0 in "snow" CATALOG kew-press-o-cy-P AIR-iss lee-LAND-dee-eye a-long sound; sounds like a in "hay". 42 pages of brilliant Dutch bulbs Cupressus macrocarpa of all kinds, over 300 in all. Abelia X grandiflora kew-PRESS-us rnack-ro-KAR-pa Guaranteed to be top quality and a-BEEL-ya grand-i-FLOR-ah Cyperus alternifolius true to name, the deJager Bulb Aesculus pavia ESS-kew-lus PA Y-vee-ah sy-PAIR-us al-ter-ni-FO-lee-us Catalog has always been the Alchemil/a vulgaris C. papyrus c. pa-PY-russ choice of amateur and profes­ al-che-MILL-ah vul-GA Y-riss Cytisus si-TEE-sus sional gardeners. An accurate Allium cepa AL-ee-urn SEE-pa Cyrilla si-RILL-ah description of all Holland bulbs A. cernuum a. SIR-new-urn Dictamnus albus dick-TAM-nuss AL-buss plus information on planting and A. cyaneum a. sy-ANN-ee-urn Duranta plumieri care. Satisfaction guaranteed. A. flavum a. FLA Y-vurn dur-ANT-ah plu-rnee-AIR-ee For vivid color in your garden A. giganteum a. jy-gan-TEE-urn D. repens d. REE-penz next spring plant this fall. A. karataviense a. care-ah-tav-ee-EN-see Eichhornia azurea SEND TODAY! A. moly a. MOLL-ee ike-HORN-ee-ah az-ur-EE-ah A. ostroskianum a. oss-strow-ski-A-nurn Elaeagnus umbel/ata A. schoenoprasum a. skone-o-PRA Y-surn el-ee-AG-nus urn-bell-A-ta deJafJer~ A. tricoccum a. tri-KO-kurn Elodea nuttallii el-O-dee-ah nuh-TAL-ee-eye Dept. AH83, 188 Asbury St. ;' ~ ", A. tuberosum a. too-ber-O-surn Erigeron glaucus er-IJ-er-on GLA W-kuss South Hamilton, MA 01892 \~!l Aloysia citriodora Eryngium maritimum al-OYS-ee-ah sit-ree-o-DOOR-ah air-RIN-jee-urn rna-RIT-i-rnurn A. triphyl/a a. tri-FILL-ah E. planum e. PLA Y-nurn Amelanchier canadensis Escal/onia ess-ka-LO-nee-ah arn-el-ANK-ee-er can-ah-DEN-sis Eupatorium coelestinum Savory's Amorpha canascens yew-pa-TOR-ee-urn so-less-TY-nurn ah-MORE-fa can-A-senz Foeniculum vulgare Armeria maritima fee-NICK-yew-lurn vul-GARE-ee HOSTAS ar-MARE-ee-ah rna-RIT-i-rna Genista je-NIST-ah Artemisia stellerana Gordonia las ian thus ar-tern-EEZ-ee-ah stell-er-A-na gor-DOE-nee-ah lay-zee-AN-thus Home of award winning A. lucoviciana a. lew-ko-viss-ee-A-na Griselinia gri-sell-INN-ee-ah 'Golden Tiara' Asclepias tuberosa Hippophae rhamnoides ass-KLEE-pee-us too-bur-O-sa HIP-o-fee rarn-no-EYE-deez Baccharis halimifolia Holmskioldia sanguinea Growers and Hybridizers ba-CAR-iss hal-irn-i-FO-lee-ah holrn-skee-OLD-ee-ah san-GWIN-ee-ah since 1946 Buxus sempervirens Hosta montana HOSS-ta rnon-TAN-ah BUCK-sus sern-per-VEER-enz H. sieboldiana h. see-bold-ee-A-na Send for our descriptive Callicarpa americana H. tardiflora h. tar-di-FLOOR-ah kall-i-KAR-pa a-rner-i-KAN-ah H. tokudama h. toe-ku-DA-rna catalog of the world's C. bodinieri var. giraldii H . ventricosa h. ven-tti-KO-sa finest hostas. (Species c. bo-din-ee-AIR-ee jir-ALL-dee-eye ]/ex glabra EYE-lex GLA Y-bra C. japonica c. ja-PON-i-ka I. vomitoria i. vo-rni-TORE-ee-ah and cultivars). Carpobrotus chilensis Indigofera in-di-go-FARE-ah 50¢ (deductible) car-po-BROT-uss chi-lEN-sis Iris kaempferi EYE-ris KEMP-fare-eye Caragana kar-a-GAN-ah I. sibirica i. sy-BEER-i-ka Caryopteris X clandonensis Juniperus conferta jew-NIP-er-us kon-FER-ta Savory's care-ee-OP-ter-iss clan-do-NEN-sis J. horizontalis j. hor-i-zon-TAL-iss C. incana c. in-KAN-ah J. virginiana j. ver-jin-ee-A-na Greenhouse and Citharexylum fruticosum Lantana camara lan-TAN-ah ka-MARE-ah Gardens kith-ah-rex-ZY-lurn fru-ti-KO-surn L. montevidensis I. rnon-te-vee-DEN-sis Clerodendrum fragrans pleniflorum Limonium latifolium 5300 Whiting Ave. kler-o-DEN-drurn FRA Y-granz li-MO-nee-urn lat-i-FOL-ee-urn Edina, MN 55435 plen-i-FLOOR-urn Lippia citriodora C. philippinum c. fill-i-PINE-urn LIP-ee-ah sit-ree-o-DOOR-ah (612) 941 .. 8755 C. thomsoniae c. TOM-son-ee-ee Lobelia cardinalis C. trichotomum c. try-KOT-o-rnurn lo-BEEL-ee-ahllo-BEEL-ya car-di-NA Y-liss

36 August 1983 Magnolia acuminata Potentilla tridentata Tillandsia usneoides mag-NOL-ya ah-kew-min-A-ta po-ten-TILL-ah tri-den-TA Y-ta till-ANDS-ee-ah us-nee-o-EYE-deez M. grandiflora m. gran-di-FLOOR-ah Prunus besseyi PRUNE-us BESS-ee-eye Trollius TRO-lee-us M. macrophylla m. mack-ro-FILL-ah P. maritima p. ma-RIT-i-ma Tussilago farfara tuss-i-LA Y-go FAR-far-ah M. X soulangiana m. sou-lange-i-A-na Quercus virginiana Uniola latifolia M. virginiana m. vir-jin-i-A-na QUER-kus vir~jin-ee-A-na ooh-nee-O-la la-ti-FO-lee-ah Miscanthus sinensis Raphiolepis raf-ee-o-LEP-iss U. paniculata U. pan-ick-yew-LA Y-ta mis-CAN-thuss sy-NEN-sis Rhododendron viscosum Verbena bipinnatifida Myrica MY-ri-ca ro-do-DEN-dron vis-KO-sum ver-BEE-na by-pin-a-ti-FID-ah Opuntia humifusa Rosa carolina RO-za care-o-LINA-ah V. bonariensis v. bo-nare-ee-EN-sis o-PUN-tee-ah hew-mi-FEW-sa R. rugosa r. rew-GO-sa V. canadensis v. can-ah-DEN-sis Pelargonium pell-ar-GO-nee-um R. virginiana r. vir-jin-ee-A-na V. erinoides v. air-in-o-EYE-deez Petrea volubilis PET-ree-ah vol-you-BILL-iss Rudbeckia hirta rood-BECK-ee-ah HER-ta V. hastata v. has-TA Y-ta Phlomis fruticosa FLOW-miss fru-ti-KOS-ah Sabal SA Y-bal V. X hybrida v. HY-brid-ah Phlox subulata FLOCKS sub-yew-LA Y-ta Sagitta ria lophotocarpus V. littoralis v. lit-tor-AL-iss Phyla n.odiflora var. rosea sadge-i-TARE-ee-ah lo-fo-toe-KAR-puss V. peruviana v. per-ooh-vee-A-na FY-la no-di-FLOR-ah ROWS-ee-ah Sanguinaria canadensis V. prostrata v. pro-STRA Y-ta Pinus cordata PY-nuss kor-DA Y-ta sang-gwin-A Y-ri-ah can-ah-DEN-sis V. rigida v. RIDGE-i-da P. mugo p. MEW-go Smilacina racemosa V. stricta v. STRICK-ta P. palustris p. pal-LUSS-tris smile-ah-SEE-na ray-see-MO-sa V. tenuisecta v. ten-you-i-SECT-ah P. radiata p. ray-dee-A-ta Spartium ;unceum V. venosa v. ve-NO-sa P. strobus p. STRO-buss SPAR-tee-um JUN-see-um Viburnum den tatum P. thunbergiana p. thun-berge-i-A-na Syringa sa-RING-ga vy-BUR-num den-TA Y-tum P. thunbergii p. thun-BERGE-ee-eye Tamarix pentandra TAM-ar-ricks Vitex agnus-castus Polygonatum biflorum pen-TAND-ra VY-tex AG-nuss CAST-uss po-lig-o-NA Y-tum by-FLOOR-um T. ramosissima t. ray-mo-SISS-i-ma V. negundo var. heterophylla Pontederia cordata Taxodium distichum V. ne-GUN-do het-er-o-FILL-ah pon-te-DARE-ee-ah kor-DA Y -ta tacks-O-dee-um dis-TY-kum Yucca filamentosa Populus alba POP-yew-lus AL-ba Tectona grandis teck-TOE-na GRAND-iss YUCK-ah fill-ah-men-TOE-sa

Secret of tlte Orient NORm AJ\IIERICAN

Dwarf Rhapls excelsa are some of , HORTICUlTURE the oldest cultivated palms In the world. Native to the Far East, they have been Important con· A REFERENCE GUIDE talner plants In China and Japan The Society's complete guide to horticultural or­ for over three centuries. RHAPIS ganizations, educational programs, public gardens, GARDENS, the largest American programs and displays is still available at the spe­ grower of these prestigious cial, members-only price of 10% off the list of palms, has seven varieties for $50.00. Don't miss this 350 + page guide to hor­ your selection. ticulture and gardening. :Dwarf Jt.ltapis 8xcdsa Charles Scribner's Sons, Dept. SS 597 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10017 vreen lind Vllrie/llted vllrieties Please send me copy(ies) of KOBAN North American Horticulture, A Reference DAR(JMA Guide @ $45 I enclose check/money order for $__ _ TENZAN Or charge my GYOK(JHO D Visa D Mastercard D American Express KODAR(JMA Card # ______ZUlKONISHIKI Expiration Date ______CHIYODAZ(JR(J Signature ______Name ______Address ______Jt.ltapis vardens City ______State ___ Zip ___ P.O.D. 287 GREGORY, TEXAS 78359 (512) 643-2061

American Horticulturist 37 lHE DESIGN PAGE

ater is the most mut­ For many of us, the only source able of design ele­ of water may be some under­ W ments. Colorless, it ground plumbing, as in the hill­ becomes all colors, the mirror of side herb garden of the Berkshire spring greens, black summer Garden Center in Stockbridge, storms and cerulean autumn Massachusetts. There, a shallow afternoons. Shapeless until stone basin surrounded by ferns molded, water can be round or and coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) square in a concrete pool, a thin has been the long-term residence ribbon drawn through a grove of of a water-spouting lead frog, trees or a cascade down a hillside. spewing glistening drops onto the Water gives life to a garden. velvety leaves of lady's mantle Especially in dry climates, it can (Alchemilla vulgaris). Barely three change a garden's entire mood. feet long, this shallow basin pro­ In an otherwise arid landscape vides the perfect excuse for a dominated by spikey foliage and nearby table and chairs, a favor­ hard-edged textures, water con­ ite meeting and resting spot. tributes movement, light and Certainly one of the greatest sound. assets of any garden is a natural Rushing water is compelling. source of water, a free running Its sound lures us around hedges, stream being wonderfully malle­ through gates and into hidden able. Divided by a small weir, and garden corners. Linking one area ABOVE: The long pool at Westbury Garden. RIGHT: A pond at controlled by rocks . placed stra- Wakehurst Place. of the garden to another, whether tegically along the stream bed, by sound or a glimpse of still and shim­ pond with existing plantings of moisture­ each change in level or course results in a mering blue, water thoughtfully placed or tolerant shrubs such as Clethra alnifolia, minor symphony of new sounds-the directed can be part of a successful garden Rhododendron viscosum and Amelan­ whoosh of water over the dam, crashing plan. chier canadensis, with its brilliant autumn into a silent pool, then gentle murmurings How you use water in your garden will foliag€. around well placed rocks. No longer a thin depend on whether you want it to domi­ Plants surrounding a natural or man­ thread running through the landscape, the nate, remain a minor eh~ment or become made pool may also suggest a theme to be pool has become a major focal point. an opportunity to grow your favorite continued in surrounding areas. Water can But the melody of water needn't come waterside or aquatic plants. Water can also create the specialized environment re­ from a stream or a school of plump, marble reinforce the existing character of a gar­ quired by moisture-loving plants. Or, in dolphins. Even a single plume of water den. The sharply defined edges of a con­ the case of an artificial pond, it may be bouncing off the rim of a thin, lead bowl crete pool can reflect the architectural for­ only the illusion reinforced by the use of can pervade a small garden with music. mality of surrounding walls and plantings. plants frequently associated with damp One garden I visit in mid-August has just Here, the only plant you may want is a conditions, such as clumps of various bam­ such a simple fountain. On hot afternoons_ single pot of lotus, its translucent blooms boos, rushes and reeds contrasted with the it produces the most compelling, bell-like followed by bizarrely beautiful seed pods. delicate foliage of ferns or glaucous-leaved tones. Walking up from a surrounding A "naturalistic" pool of anything from hostas. meadow, its sound is as illusive as the shift­ durable concrete, fiber glass (preferably in Water can also create the illusion of ing wind, for suddenly it is gone, replaced a simple, pleasing shape) or thick plastic greater space, much like a mirror, ex­ by the rustle of parched field grass. Then, (unfortunately short-lived and vulnerable panding the boundaries of a garden to in­ there it is again, luring me through an arch to puncture) might hold a few pots of water clude neighboring trees or even hillsides. of hemlocks. Even though I know it is there, lilies and be surrounded by a variety of To stare into the confines of a pool or pond it remains a perennial surprise and a cool primroses. This spring display might then is to be doubly aware of the character, respite for me and a pair of resident robins. be followed by Iris sibirica and Iris kaemp­ texture and color of nearby trees and shrubs, o feri, with its large, gracefully poised blooms. a perspective that can be another impor­ -Margaret Hensel TroLlius (globeflower), then late summer tant variable to consider in the placement Margaret Hensel is a landscape designer and blooming Lobelia cardinalis, could link the of a water garden. garden writer living in Massachusetts.

38 August 1983 American Horticulturist 39 BROOKGREEN CONT'D (rom page 25

dated elsewhere in the gardens. Currently, A languid stroll throughout the gardens One notable plant found throughout 41 8 pieces by over 175 artists are on dis­ brings this point home. Here and there, Brookgreen Gardens is Yaupon holly, a play, making Brookgreen's collection of carved archers with bowstrings bent are Zone 7 plant tmat is little known in the American sculpture the largest in the world. placed. They stand always under opel'l sky, North. Yaupon (I/ex vomitoria) grows into For emerging artists, having a work ac­ never under the canopies of trees. Just in­ a small tree or large shrub 15-20 feet high cepted by Brookgreen is considered quite side the garden wall, an ebony jaguar with shiny, elliptical, non-spiny leaves. The a boon. An advisory board oversees all crouches atop a rock. He peers down at scarlet fruits are produced in greater additions and decides where and how they the needle-tipped agave below, as if weigh­ abundanc:e than al'ly other holly. 'Yawk­ will be displayed. "The sculptures appear ing the risks of descent. At the foot of the eyi', a yellow-fruited cultivar, finds a place to be casually placed around the gardens," Live Oak Avenue, Edward McCartan's gilt­ at Brookgreel'l. Dwarf Yaupon (Ilex vom­ says Robin Salmon, Brookgreen's archi­ bronzed Dionysus stands. A drop of gold ito ria 'Nana') is also present, making a vist, "but actually a great deal of careful amid a green sea of leaves, the statue is most attt:active low-dipped hedge. Its fo­ planning goes into it." literally the light at the end of the tunnel. liage resembles 'Stokes' Japanese holly, but Then there is Long, Long Thoughts by the red fruits are a delightful departure. Charles Parks, a bronze sculpture of a pen­ THE In keepil'lg with Brookgreen's stated sive little boy dressed casually in a short­ purpose as a haven for native plants, wild­ American sleeved shirt and shorts. He sits barefoot flowers are found everywhen~ in the gar­ atop a natural old stump, surrounded by dens. They are not grouped into organized Hosta living black-eyed Susans (Rudbeckia hirta). collections but used informally as back­ Society The effect is magical! drops for various sculptures. For example,

• CONV ENTIONS • G ARDEN TOURS Such orchestration does not end with daylilies (Hemerocallis sp.) and bitter fen­ • JOURNAL • PLANT AUCTIONS the sculpture; there is handwriting on the nel (Foeniculum vulgare) frame Edward • NEWSLETTER • SEED SALE S • ROUND ROBINS • DI SPLAY GARDENS walls. Intent 01'1 delighting visi~ors at every Sanforcl,Jr.'s bronze Inspiration. In close • REGI STRATION OF CULTIV ARS turn, the Huntingtons inscribed the garden association with other works along the DUES $12.50 OLIVE B. LANGDON. SECRETARY walls with "the verse of some of those garden walls are false spikenard (Smilacina 5605-1"h AVENUE seUTH writers who have taken pleasure in the racemosa), blue boneset (Eupatorium coe­ BIRMINGHAM. AL. 35222 beauty of nature and her living forms ... " lestinum), bloodroot (Sanguinaria cana­ Included are the thoughts of such authors densis), Solomon's seal (Polygonatum bi­ as Lewis Carroll, Rudyard Kipling, Ralph (lorum), bll:le dogbane (Amsonia HOSTAS Waldo Emerson, and, of course, Joyce Kil­ tabernaemontana), and butterfly weecl Caprice Farm Nursery mer. Lighthearted doggerel is also on tap, (Asclepias tuberosa). 15425 SW Pleasant Hill Rd. In addition to their subtle beauty, wild­ Sherwood, Oregon 97140 as evidenced by the following verse by 503-625-7241 Dixon Lanier Merrirt: flowers are favored at Brookgreen because FREE CATALOG! they are easily grown and, for the most A wondrous bird is the pelican Also peonies • day lilies part, pest and maintenance free. One dis­ • Japanese Iris His mouth holds m<:>re than his bel­ advantage, however, is that they must be lican allowed to grow on to maturity, often past He takes in his beak their peak of attractiveness. As a result, Enough food for a week says Brookgreen horticulturist Bill McBee, FOR GARDEN-TYPE PEOPLE But I'm damned "native plants often end up looking like Famous Swiss pruners. Engl ish Thatched Bird Houses. If I see how the hellican. Dani sh Dibbles. Ge rm an Garden Tools. Iowan Digger weeds to many people." Trowels. even British snail bai t holders. an d much, much more. If you are a keen Ga rdener, my new 48 page cata ­ Plants at Brookgreen are clearly sub­ To combat this impression, the directive log is well worth 50 f. Send check, coin, even stamps to ordinate to the sculpture. This does not on native plants has been relaxed some­ WALT NICKE, Box 667 A, Hudson, NY 12534 mean, however, that avid gardeners come what, so that popular, non-native plants away feeling cheated, for the flora pos­ may occasionally be usecl. Many of Brook­ sesses many charms. From the command­ green's azalea species, for example, are non­ ing presence of 2S0-year-old live oaks to native. Plant exchanges with arboreta and the indigo spikes of the chaste tree (Vitex botanical gardens bring in other interest­ agnus-castus), Brookgreen has plenty to ing additions. The objective is not to sub­ please the plant enthusiast_There are bays vert the original intent of the gardens, but galore-sweet bay (Magnolia virginiana), to augment it to the pleasure of visitor and loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus), bull non-visitor alike. bay (Magnolia grandiflora)-everything Brookgreen attracts approximately but the Chesapeake Bay_ There are bigleaf, 160,000 visitors anl'lually. A notable past cucumber and saucer magnolias (M. ma­ visitor, believe it or not, was George Wash­ crophylla, M. acuminata, and M. X sou­ ingtol'l. On April 28, 1791, Washingwn langiana, respectively). Other prominent spent the night at what was then Brook­ plants are Cyrilla, arrowwood (Viburnum green Plantation, as guest of Dr. Henry dentatum) amd red buckeye (Aesculus Collins Flagg, a surgeon during the Amer­ pavia). ican Revolution. (So far, all temptations

40 August 1983 to place "George Washington Slept Here" Horticultural Explorations signs around Brookgreen have been vig­ orously resisted.) Brookgreen Gardens is an institution with a firm grasp on the past and a clear vision The Exotic Orient of the future. A major project in the works is a new Interpretative Center. The facility will house offices, an auditorium and meeting rooms. It will provide the neces­ sary space for garden club meetings, guest lectures and the teaching of horticultural short courses. As this article deals primarily with flora and not fauna, little has been said con­ cerning Brookgreen's wildlife. Yet, since much of Brookgreen's special atmosphere is derived from its population of native animals, it would be a mistake to ignore it. From the first, the Huntingtons con­ ceived of Brookgreen as a wildlife refuge for native and migratory birds. Today, car­ dinals, herons, woodpeckers, brown thrashers, mockingbirds and wild turkeys can be glimpsed roaming the gardens. There are also healthy numbers of frogs, toads, turtles and anole lizards, all helping to con­ trol the mosquito population, which is a sizeable task during the rainy season in the low country of South Carolina. Directly adjacent to the gardens is the official wild­ life park. It contains a huge aviary, replete with a collection of colorful birds, all emit­ ting raucous screams. Foxes, eagles, owls, otters and alligators also live here. Brookgreen Gardens is a hub of such NoveDlber 1 to 24 diverse attractions that it is hard to cap­ sulize. Yet, if there is one work at Brook­ join other members of the American Horticultural Society on our green that sums up its spirit it is Edith annual horticultural exploration of japan, Taiwan and Hong Howland's sculpture, Between Yesterday Kong. and Tomorrow. Its subjects, a woman and The most unusual and enriching parts of this itinerary are the young child, stand on the wall at the gar­ visits to selectjapanese and Hong Kong private homes, a privilege dens' edge, overlooking both today's cul­ rarely available to tourists. These experiences will be the high­ tivated flora and the wild marsh of long­ abandoned rice fields. They seem to say lights of the trip. that out of Nature, mankind sprung forth Most prominent during this period are the magnificent displays to achieve greatness; but only by protect­ of chrysanthemums. It is also the season for the colorful foliage ing Nature can greatness be ensured for of maple and other deciduous trees. While the schedule accents future generations. gardens-private, public and temple-it also includes oppor­ Brookgreen Gardens is located 18 miles tunities to learn of the fascinating arts, handicrafts, culture, food south of Myrtle Beach on u.S. 17 in Mur­ and history of the Orient. rells Inlet, South Carolina. Open every day The autumn months are climatically the finest period of the except Christmas from 9:30 a.m. to 4:45 year to visit japan and the other areas included in the itinerary. p.m. Admission for adults is $2; children 6-12 50¢. For more information, write or It is usually a comfortable season, clear and sunny. call Brookgreen Gardens, Murrells Inlet, For a free, detailed brochure and subscription, please write to SC 29576. (803) 237-4218.0 Carolyn A. Hottle, Box 0105, Mt. Vernon, VA 22121.

Steve Bender is a free-lance writer and horticulturist at Homestead Gardens in Davidsonville, Maryland.

American Horticulturist 41 SEASIDE GARDENS CONT'D from page 29

bushes. Sea buckthorn is dioecious (male grown plants are a pig-in-a-poke because Annuallimoniums are the statice of dried and female flowers on separate bushes), this is a variable species; they might grow bouquets. This species is a very hardy pe­ so plant males in the ratio of 1-10, re­ three feet high, or thirty. rennial, about two feet high when in flower. membering that the pollen is windborn so • Sea myrtle (Baccharis halimifolia). Zone The massed, hazy flowers, resembling a the male should be to windward of the 5. This plant will ·grow in quite dry soil mauve gypsophila, spring from basal clumps l"adies to do his job effectively. Don't cut but prefers salt marshes. It is usually about of cabbage-like leaves that are evergreen the berry sprays for indoor decoration; they four tQ six feet tall with gray-green leaves. except in the coldest areas. It is hardy to stain, and they smell nasty. Birds leave them The flowers pass unnoticed, but in autumn Zone 4, likes sand, pr€fers it moist and alone, so it seems they taste nasty too, but cottony seed plumes turn the bushes to will even grow in salty swamps. In frost­ they look very pretty. low-anchored clouds hovering over the free gardens L. perezii is often preferred. • Sea tomato (Rosa rugosa). Zone 2. The marshes. • Beach wormwood (Artemisia steller­ name comes from the hips, which resemble • Salt cedar (Tamarix). There are several ana). Zone 4. Gray-foliaged plants all need cherry tomatoes. These clash with the large, species, all a good choice for seaside gar­ well-drained soil, and for most of them it fragrant, magenta-pink flowers borne from dens. T. ramosissima, formerly T. pentan­ should not be rich. Unfortunately, many late spring until frost, so the white form dra, is the hardiest-Zone 2 accordiflg to are tender, and some rot in wet or humid might be preferred; this comes true from Wyman's Gardening Encyclopedia. summers. Beach wormwood is a survivor seed. Bristly, stoloniferous stems some­ Tamarisks in bloom look as insubstantial on both cOlmts, unsurpassed as a winter­ times attain six feet, but at the beach sel­ as pink cotton candy; this is their strength, hardy seashore sub-shrub, which means dom more than three feet. A stalwart shrub, for they yield to the wind, then sway back that it wants to be woody-stemmecl and R. rugosa is good for dune planting, un­ upright. Tamarisks get leggy if not pruned, evergreen but manages this only in mild daunted by cold, wind, salt-spray, drought and when yeu do it is important. Prune areas, elsewhere disappearing from sight and the meager sustenance offered by sand; spring-flowering kinds withifl a month after in winter. The white-woolly leaves are There are several lovely hybrids, some­ flowering. Prune late-floweriflg kinds (T. shaped like those of chrysanthemums. On what less tough. ramosissima is one) just before growth be­ the beach the stems tumble over and hug • Beach plum (Prunus maritima) and sand gins in spring. the ground, rooting as they go. It will grow cherry (Prunus besseyi), Zone 4. These in pure sand, even on the seaward side of similar shruhs (the first for the East Coast, PERENNIALS, GRASSES the dunes. The flowers, drab creamy spikes, the second for the West) grow wider than • Sea oats (Uniola paniculata). The oat­ are no asset. high on windswept seashore sites, seldom like fruits on the three- w five-foot flexible Artemisia ludoviciana, a very variable much more thafl four feet. Massed white stalks of this Southeastern grass can be species, one form of which is known as blossoms in spring are followed by black seen tossil1g over the dunes of the Outer 'Silver King', is another possibility for an fruits used for pies, jams and jellies. Banks, spreading by rhizomatous roots that untamed setting. The gray, willowy leaves • Shore juniper (juniperus conferta). Zone hold the sand in place. Sea oats can be are dainty, but the running roots are too 6. That junipers are adaptable is evident grown from seed. It is not hardy at below invasive for the flower border. from the ubiquity of the so-called red ce­ zero temperatures. Chasmanthium latifol­ • Sea pink (Armeria maritima, Zone 4) dar, Juniperus virginiana, at horne in so ium, formerly Uniola latifolia, is often called and seaside daisy or beach aster (Erigeron many states and sites including seaside gar­ Northern sea oats but with little justifi­ glaucus, Zone 4) can be found cliff-hang­ dens, averse only to boggy soil and shade. cation, its natural habitat being rich wood­ ing within sound and splash of the sea on Green-needled, prickly shore juniper, found lands. It is an attractive grass, Zone 4 hardy, English and California coasts respectively. wild on Japaflese heaches, is one of the but not well adapted to seaside gardens Sea pink makes grassy tuffets of leaves best carpeting junipers for sun and sand unless in enriched soil with some shade topped by numerous pink or white drum­ where it is hardy enough. The cultivar 'Blue and protection from salt-laden wind. stick flowers. Beach aster grows less than Pacific' has blue-green fleedles. • Sea fig (Carpobrotus chilensis). This is one foot high, with rosettes of oval leaves • Shore pine or beach pine (Pinus con­ a tender, trailing plant with succulent leaves and yellow-disked, mauve-rayed daisies. torta). Zone 7. This species grows along and brightly colored, daisy-type flowers. Both do well in well-drained, sandy soil. the coast from California to Alaska, usu­ It is excellent beach cover in frost-free areas. When sea pink gets patchy it needs lifting ally dwarfed and cOfltorted, though in a • Sea holly (Eryngium). Sea hollies have and dividing. sheltered site it is irregularly pyramidal. It grayish, spiny leaves and grayish or bluish Having chosen your plan.ts, there may is useful for fixing dunes. Many other pifles stems; the flow.ers are thistle-like. One­ be a problem getting them established in do well by the sea, but not the much-loved foot E. maritimum grows wild on English the sandy soils so much enjoyed by moles white pine (Pinus strobus), which scorches. beaches. More often offered in America and mice. Plants tunnelled under will die On California's rocky headlands the Mon­ are E. planum, about three feet tall with if their roots are left suspended in air. terey pine (P. radiata, Zone 7) forms pic­ light-blue flower heads and blue-green Wrapping the rootballs of small plants in turesque, and sometimes grotesque, wind­ bracts, and the one-foot cultivar 'Blue chicken wire helps prevent disturbance shaped bonsais. In colder areas Japanese Dwarf', hardy to Zone 6. In common with while they are getting established. 6 black pine (P. thunbergiana, Zone 5) cafl many drought-resistant plants, sea hollies be seen on the dunes just above high water have long, thonglike roots and may not Pamela Harper is a frequent contributor to mark. Swiss mountain pine (P. mugo, Zone survive transplanting once established. They American Horticulturist. She is the owner of 2) is usually comparatively low and bushy, can be propagated by root cuttings. Harper's Horticultural Slide Library in hunkered down out of the wind, but seed • Sea lavender (Limonium latifolium). Seaford, Virignia.

42 August 1983 WATER GARDENS CONT'D from page 20 temperature is fairly stable." The dirt bot­ and drop [them] into the pool where you tom should be absolutely smooth. Cover want them to root, otherwise they tend to this with fiberglas insulation (the same kind float around and look messy." Snails help. used for home insulation), with the foil Mr. Bankert reminds that tadpoles in the side up, as a cushion and as a preventive spring are interesting, but they develop into against muskrats and other rodents who frogs and hop away. Turtles also crawl off, dig their tunnels from the outside in. Zajic although water turtles stay around longer A Choice Perennial recommends that you cover the insulation (they also may eat fish eggs and baby fish). with two or three layers of six mil poly­ Maintenance is easy. Fish, essential to For Shady Locations ethelyene, which comes in 100-foot rolls any water garden, help keep the water con­ and varying widths. It can be taped and tent in balance. Unless a natural stream Large selection of seamed. Sunlight destroys polyethelyene runs through the garden, the re-circulating so it must be covered with natural mate­ pump must function. Dead leaves and for­ Hardy Northern Grown rials, but be sure whatever material you eign matter need to be removed. Winter use doesn't puncture the plastic. Cover flat preparation includes removal of tropical Hostas surfaces with three to four inches of sand plants, pool coverage, if required, and the and use gravel and sand for the stream bed. addition of a pool heater if there is a pos­ Write for free catalog "Quarry rubble is excellent covering," says sibility the water should freeze solid. Spring Zajic. "Rock ledges at the edge of the pool cleaning requires that fish and snails be . ' Ken Anderson's I . ~. accommodate iris and rushes, which grow removed to buckets, the hardy lilies be re­ , · ~. ;~J ~.LtIM ~ best in about two inches of water. Place potted, the pool scrubbed down and re­ lilies and other plants in pine boxes filled filled. When the water has purified, the i~ Farwell, Minn. 56326 with garden soil." The soil will not spread, occupants may be returned. Do not over­ 612·283·5671 and the dirt will be contained so that the crowd. The authorities at Lilypons Water water does not become muddy. Fish may Gardens say every 20 square inches of water stir up a sand bottom, but it settles can accommodate one inch of goldfish. immediately. Two categories of water lilies are avail­ "When the water garden is first filled," able: hardy and tropical. Hardy lilies are adds Zajic, "it needs to be left alone for perennials, making them a good invest­ two weeks to lose the chlorine from its ment. Tropical lilies are generally consid­ water. Plants introduced bring in all sorts ered to be annuals. These produce more of things to stabilize the environment. A blossoms per season than their hardy cous­ stream provides the superb decorative ele­ ins. Their colors range from white through ment to a water garden, and its natural yellows to dark reds, purples and blues. progress over gravel and sand oxygenates Night bloomers blossom at dusk and close and filters the water. Thus plants, fish, the following day. Lotus, sacred to many Recent research in government religions, are included in many large water and university labs shows that snails and other occupants of the water soaking seeds in polyethylene garden stay healthy." gardens; the smaller varieties grow to a glycol {PEG} solution may im­ He concludes by emphasizing that a water height of two to three feet while others prove germination. increase stand four to five feet tall. yields and protect seeds against garden need not be expensive or elaborate. stress from cold. age and physi­ "There are little old ladies out in the coun­ Keith Folsom of Lilypons Water Gar­ cal damage. try with an old bathtub sunk in the ground dens believes that every garden should have PEG IS NOW AV AJUBLE FOR JOUB OWN serving as a water garden that lasts 50 some water in it. "There is less mainte­ EXPERIMENTAL USE &SEED TIlIATMENT. years. It's wonderful!" nance than a regular garden and it's fun. 6 ounces {makes 20 ounces of Location and construction are of prime You have little critters in there . .. the fish solution} is available for $345 plus $.95 shipping. concern, but as with any building project, and the snails ... and watching what hap­ Instructions are included. existing conditions and the desires of the pens in a water garden is addictive. No PEG is easy to use and safe. owner prevail. Regardless of construction, two are alike. Some people have more than Order today! all pools require a solid base to prevent one. For instance, [Washington Post] col­ shifting and a rim to avoid surface drain­ umnist Henry Mitchell has five in his gar­ LifeSci. P.O. 801 216. Waldwick. HI 01463 age, which could contain toxic waste. A den. Having one is the up and coming thing, water garden should require minimum care, and in the near future they may rival the Gentlemen: Please send me _ package(s) of less than a conventional gard(m that needs popularity of rose gardens, which take more PEG at $3.45 each plWl $.95 shipping. mowing and weeding. Once the ecological effort." 6 Check or money order is enclosed. balance is achieved, everyday care is sim­ ple. Oxygenating plants, such as Elodea nuttalii, are essential. Steward Bankert, Joan Sayers Brown is a free-lance writer who contributes regularly to Antiques Magazine horticultural advisor to Hillwood Mu­ and Southern Accents. She wrote an article seum Gardens in Washington, D.C., sug­ on the National Herb Garden in our Jun~ gests that one "tie a few sprays to a stone Issue.

American Horticulturist 43 GARDENER'S lACE

THE AVANT GARDENER Horticultural and Botanical Books Bought and COMPOST BAGS Sold. Current Sale Catalogue, over 1,000 Titles, "DIFFERENT, EXCITING, GREAT FUN TO 'POST HASTE comp0sting bags let you have $1.00. POMONA BOOKS, Rockton, Ontario, READ-for the gardener who wants to get more useable compost in two weeks. Made from Canada, LOR IXO. out of gardening!" Subscribe to THE AVANT DuPont's "Tyvek," 'POST HASTE bags hold GARDENER, the most useful, most quoted of EXOTICA 4, enlarged to 16,3QO photos, by Dr. in heat but let air circulate and excess moistuFe all gardening publications. Every month this A.B. Graf; 2,590 pages in 2 volumes, $175. escape. 1 bag, $2.95 ; 5 bags, $9.95; 10 for unique news service brings you the n!!west and TROPICA-7,000 color photos of exotic plants $17.95, from FORENCO, Dept. A, PO Box most practical on-going gardening informa­ and trees, $115. EXOTIC PLANT MANUAL- 9088, WilmiNgton, DE 19809. tion-new plants, products, techniques, with 4,200 photos, $37.50. EXOTIC HOUSE DAFFODIL BULBS sources for every item, plus feature articles, spe­ PLANTS-1,200 photos, $8 .95. Circulars gladly cial issues. Now in its 14th year. Awarded the sent. ROEHRS, Box 125, E. Rutherford, NJ Naturalizing Mixtures (8 + varieties): Mixed Garden Club of America Medal for outstanding 07073. Colors or All-Yellow, Bushel $68.; Peck $21. achievement in horticulture. Special to new sub­ King Alfred Bushel $50.; Peck $15. Postpaid BRITISH TEAK GARDEN SEATS scribers, $10 for a full year. Sample copy $1. East of Mississippi, 10% extra West. FREE folder THE AVANT GARDENER, Box 489M, New Solid Teakwood Garden Seats-featured in the features va.rieties, collections. RIVER'S EDGE York, NY 10028. aboretums & gardens of England. The perfect FARM, Rt. 4, Box 228A, Gloucester, VA 23061. heirloom gift for church, park or private garden. DAYLILIES AZALEAS & RHODODENDRONS Send $1.00 (deductible) for color catalogue and LANDSCAPE SIZE AZALEAS: Robin Hill, current price list. COUNTRY CASUAL, 17317 DA YLILIES GALORE! Yellows, I"astels, reds. North Tisbury, Glenn Dale, Gable and FRA­ Germantown Road, Germantown, MD 20874. All named hybrids. FREE Catalog for SASE. GRANT YELLOWS. Mailorder Catalog $2.00 (301) 428-3434. LEE BRISTOL NURSERY, Rt. 55A, Sherman, CT 06784. (deductible). CARLSON'S GARDENS, Box 305- BROMELIADS AH52, South Salem, NY 10590. MANY COLORS DA YLILIES-tetraploids, dip­ DECORATIVE BROMELIADS at reasonable loids, miniatures. Sl"uria, Louisiana IRISES. VIREYA RHODODENDRONS: Adapted to prices. 21 page DESCRIPTIVE LIST $1.50. Also warmer climates. Showy flowers, rich fra­ Catalog $1.00. CORDON BLEU FARMS, B0x 80 page booklet BROMELIADS FOR MOD­ 2033, San Marcos, CA 92069. grances. Outdoor, greenhouse, houseplant cul­ ERN LIVING with 135 color photos, $5.00 ture. Mail Order only. FREE catalog. VIREYA for both. THE BROMELIAD '[REASUR Y, 639 DWARF CONIFERS SPECIALTIES NURSERY, Dept. A, 2701 Mal­ Bend Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94087. Over 170 types of dwarf conifers described by colm Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90064. BULBS size, shape, color and texture. Many types suit­ SPECIALIZING IN THE UNUSUAL ... Dwarf able for Bonsai. 50 page catalog $1.00 (refund­ Rhodoeendrons, Evergreen and Deciduous Chasmanthe (African Pennants) Sl"ring Bloom­ able). Botanic Plant List FREE. WASHING­ Azaleas, Dwarf Conifers, Companion Plants ... ing. 3 bulbs $7.50 Postpaid with instructions. TON EVERGREEN NURSERY, Box 388AH, Rare Bulb List $1.00, deductible with order. Catalog $1.00 (Refundable). THE CUMMINS Leices ~ NC 28748. (704) 683-4518. GARDEN, 22 RobeFtsville Rd., Marlboro, NJ WILLETIS, POB 446, Fremon!, CA 94536. 07746>. (201) 536-2591. DAFFODILS, TULIPS, HYACINTHS, LILIES EVERGREENS BABY EVERGREENS, Seeds, Seedlings, Or­ BONSAI ... for top-quality flower bulbs, in larger quan­ tities, and at affordable prices, write for our namental and Xmas Tree stock, Azaleas, Rho­ BONSAI PLANTS, Indoor and Outdoor, Pots, dodendrons, Flowering shrubs, Blueberries, Tools, Books. Catalog "AH." BONSAI FARM, FREE catalog: MCCLURE & ZIMMERMAN, QUALITY BULB BROKERS, 1422 Thorndale, Catalog FREE. GIRARD NURSERIES, Geneva, PO Box 427, Laverni~ TX 78221. Chicago, 1L 606>60. OH 44041. BOOKS FLOWER ARRANGING SUPPLIES Just released in 1983! GREENHOUSE MAN­ CACTI & SUCCULENTS Carefully selected supl"lies, equipment and ac­ AGEMENT-SECOND EDITION by Robert W. Cactus Wholesale-Special Price $25.00. 100 cessories for flower arranging, corsages, house­ Langhans, Cornell University Floriculture Pro­ blooming size. DESERT PLANT CO. Price list plants. Illustrated catalog 25 ¢. Retailers use let­ fessor for 25 years. Valuable information on FREE. P.O. Box 880, Marfa, TX 79843. summer cooling, winter heating and ventilation. terhead. DOROTHY BIDDLE SERVICE, GMl, EPIPHYLLUMS (ORCHID CACTUS), Rhip­ Greely, PA 18425-9799. Benches, containers, fertilizers, watering, pest salis, Rattail Cacti, Hoyas, Christmas/Easter FREE CATALOG. Flower arranging supplies. control and supplementary lighting are also dis­ cactus. Hundreds available in our full color 37- cussed. 270 pages with over 100 illustrations. Low prices. Wide selection tools, wire, foams, page plantlbookshop catalogs. Only $1.00 (de­ frogs, vases, drieds. FLOWER DESIGNER'S Send $21.00 postpaid to HALCYON PRESS ductible): RAINBOW GARDENS, Box 721-AH, BENCH, Box 839 AH, Auburn, NY 13021. OF ITHACA, 111 Halcyon Hill Road, Ithaca, La Habra, CA 90631. NOTE: We specialize in NY 14850. cactus books (115 new), Ferns, Bromeliads, Be­ GARDENING DRY SPRING flOWERS FOR WINTER gonias and Iris books. CONe. LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER/ BOUQUETS! Two Step-by-Step B00ks: PRE­ SOIL CONDITIONER. For all ineoor/outdoor CARNIVOROUS PLANTS SER VED FLOWERS 3rd Ed. $2.95 and DRIED plants. Complete instructions for I"roper results, BOUQUETS 2nd Ed. $8 .95. SHOW AND1'ELL CarnivorQus, woodland terrarium plants and $1.00, FREE with orde-r. $4.00/Pt.; $7.00/Qt.; DIRECTIONS, hundreds of explicit photos. supplies. Book, The World of Carnivorous Plants, $10.00/Gal. GULF CHEMURGICS, PO Box N, Williamsburg, Modern bouquets, bridal keep­ $6.95 postpaid. Illustrated catalog 25 ¢, PETER Empi,re, LA 70050. sakes, etc. Add $1.00 postage one or both books. PAULS NURSERIES, Canandaigua, NY 14424. FREE NEWSLETIER (send stamp). ROBER­ GREENHOUSE PLASTIC TA MOFFITT, Box 3597, Wilmington, DE CLOTHING SUPER STRONG POLYETHYLENE. 9 mils. 19807. LEE Jeans. Factory outlet work clothes, shoes. Resists hailstones, windstorms, cracking, yel­ SAMPLE-NEWSLETIER, EX0tic Fruit Vege­ Bargains on new shirfs (low as $5 .95), jackets, lowing. Postpaid. 15 ¢ sq. k Quantity dis­ tables, $1.00. SASE. MARIAN VAN AITA, boots, gloves, coveralls. Send $1 for catalog. counts. Sample: send three stamps. GREEN­ 398AH Dayton Boulevard, Melbourne, FL SARA GLOVE COMPANY, 16 Cherry Ave., HOUSE SALES, Box 42AH8, Neche, ND 58265. 32901. Dept. C-131, Waterbury, CT 06704. (204) 327-5540.

44 August 1983 CLASSIFIED AD RATES: PLANTS-RARE BUT AFFORDABLE GREENHOUSE ACCESSORIES SOil' pcr wordj $10.00 minimum pcr in se rtion. 10% discounr PROPAGATORS! AQUAMONITOR mist for three consecutive insertions using same copy. Copy must Extensive selection: * American Natives ' Out­ controls get the highest in plant survivals and be received two months prior to publication dare. Send orders standing Ornamentals " Uncommon Conifers to the arrcnrion of Cindy Weakland, American Horticultural profits. Write, we will prove it! FREE! AQUA­ Society, Mount Vernon, Virginia 22 121. Or call (703) 768- * Wild Fruit * Hardiest Eucalyptus * Wildlife MONITOR, Box 327-B, Huntington, NY 11743. 5700. Plants *. Affordable containerized starter-plants. Informative catalog-$1.50. FORESTFARM, HARPER HORTICULTURAL SLIDE INTERESTED fN A SHADY DEAL? 990 Tetherah, Williams, OR 97544. LIBRARY (PAMELA HARPER). Protect your plants from blistering sun with We supply many of the pictures in American SHADE CLOTH. Write or call (collect 404- Horticulturist. Over 50,000 slides of plants and 778-8654) 7:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m. e.s.t. week­ RHODODENDRONS & AZALEAS gardens available. Duplicates $2.00. Lecture sets days for FREE informational kit. Your custom COMPACT HARDY RHODODENDRONS: on many topics $25.00 rental. 1983 catalogue fabricated order, complete with reinforced 'Boule de Neige', 'Scintill ation', Shammarello's, $1.50.219 Robanna Shores, Seaford, VA 23696 binding and brass grommets, is normally shipped Gable's, Nearing's, Leach's, Dexter's. Mailor­ (804-898-6453). within 10 days. SATISFACTION GUARAN­ der Catalog $2.00 (deductible). CARLSON'S HORTICUlruRAL GIITS TEED. Economical, effective, long lasting, prac­ GARDENS, Box305-HC53, South Salem, NY tical and a proven way to create a more beau­ 10590. "HORTICULTURAL TREASURES"-A stun­ tiful, healthy and efficient greenhouse. Used also ning catalog collection of juried gifts for men RHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS. Special as patio shade, protective bird netting, tarpaulin and women who garden. Specialty hand tools, plants to accent special places. Hardy classics, and swimming pool cover. Mastercard and Visa. solid teak British garden seats, Colonial style new introductions, exotic indoor Malaysian YONAH MANUFACTURING COMPANY, oak hayforks, traditional egg baskets, pot pourri Vireyas, Madderiis. Also, companion trees, Box 280 AH, Corneli a, GA 30531. cottages, antique doll sawdust ornaments, gold shrubs and groundcovers. Catalog $2.00. THE floral jewlery-pins, tie tacks, cuff links, floral IRIS BOVEES NURSERY, 1737 A S.W. Coronado, screenprints, guill art florals, lace impressed MANY COLORS DA YLiLIES-tetraploids, Portland, OR 97219. stoneware wall basket filled with a Williams­ diploids, minatures. Spuria, Louisiana IRISES. SEDUM-SEMPERVIVUM burg style floral bouquet, and more. Free cat­ Catalog $1.00. CORDON BLEU FARMS, Box NEW SEDUM-SEMPERVIVUM 1983 Cata­ alog-Country Casual "Horticultural Treas­ 2033, San Marcos, CA 92069. log: 25 ¢; Over 100 varieties Sedum; over 350 ures," 17317 Germantown Rd., Germantown, IVY varieties sempervivum. Sampler coll ections: MD 20874. (301) 428-3434. Many choice varieties. Large selection. List FREE. Sedum 8/$5.95; Sempervivum 8/$5 .95. Order HOSTAS DONNELLY'S NURSERY, Route 7, Box 420B, both for $10.00 ppd. STANN LYMAN, AL­ Specializing in the classic varieties: Catalog 50¢. Fairview, NC 28730. PINE GARDENS, Box 247AH, Dallas, OR HOMESTEAD DIVISION of SUNNYBROOK MAPLES 97338. FARMS NURSER Y (Plant specialists since 1928), Matsu-Momiji Nursery-Rare & Unusual Ma­ SEEDS 9448 Mayfield Rd., Chesterland, OH 44026. ples + Pines. New descriptive catalog $1 (re­ Radiccho, arugula, haricot vert, petit pois, blue HOSTAS FOR SHADE fundable) PO Box 11414, Philadelphia, PA 19111 tortilla corn, tomatillo, Asian pepper and many (215) 722-6286. Many varieties. Descriptive catalog 50¢ (de­ other gourmet and heirloom seeds. Write for ductible). SAVORY'S GREENHOUSES AND MINIATURE ROSES FREE listing. LE MARCHE SEEDS INTER­ GARDENS, Hosta Specialists (612) 941-8755, Choice windowsill plant! Blooms constantly! NATIONAL, Dept. Y, PO Box 556, Dixon CA 5300 Whiting Ave., Edina, MN 55435. (Over 300 varieties) guaranteed safe delivery­ 95620. HOUSE PLANTS year 'round. Canada, U.S.A. Collector's cata­ SEMPER VIVUMS logue $1.00. Send Today! MINIATURE PLANT ORCHIDS, GESNERlADS, BEGONIAS, CACTI Many beautiful varieties. List FREE. Rainbow WORLD, Box 7A, Sardis, B.C., Canada, VOX & SUCCULENTS. Visitors welcome. 1982-83 collection 10/$7.50. DONNELLY'S NURS­ 1YO. Catalog $1.25. LAURA Y OF SALISBURY, Rt. ERY, Route 7, Box 420B, Fairview, NC 28730. MISCELLANEOUS 41 (Undermountain Rd.), Salisbury, CT 06068 TETRAPLOID DA YLILIES (203) 435-2263. Easily repair many plastic and rubber products in greenhouse, home, shop effectively and in­ Over 450 hybrids; exotic new Tetraploid In­ RAREST PLANTS EXCLUSIVELY: otherwise troductions. Catalog $1.00, deductible with or­ commercially unavailable, 180 succulents, 50 expensively. Information $2.00 and SASBE to: MOC, 1172-A, Ft. Bidwell, CA 96112. der for plants. SEA WRIGHT GARDENS, 134 cycads, 70 Bamboo, 150 Sansevierias, 200 Hoyas, Indian Hill, Carlisle, MA 01741 (617) 369-2172. 250 variegates, 80 palms, exotic foliage, shrubs, Exotic Butterflies, Beetles ... Africa, Brazil, etc. Visitors welcome! trees, books. Catalog and newsletters, $4. EN­ 64 Page Catalog. $1.00. COMPLETE SCIEN­ DANGERED SPECIES, 12571(A) Redhill, Tus­ TIFIC, PO Box 307-H, Round Lake, IL 60073. TREE PROBLEMS-BOTANICAL OR tin, CA 92680. ORCHIDS LEGAL HOYA SPECIAL ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! Brome­ For Directory of members of the American So­ What's a Hoya? Send $1.00 for descriptive list. liads, Staghorn Ferns, Books, Peters Fertilizer, ciety of Consulting Arborists-the experts in Limited Hoya introductory offer. 3 each dif­ Potting Mixes, Supplies for indoor and green­ tree care and appraisals for legal matters, write: ferent Hoya plants for $14.95 postpaid, guar­ house culture. REQUEST CATALOG. FOX ASCA, 315(AH) Franklin Road, North Bruns­ anteed! SAN LUIS GARDENS, 4816 Bridge­ ORCHIDS, INC., 6615 West Markham, Little wick, NJ 08902. creek, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401. Rock, AR 72205. UNUSUAL INDOOR PLANTS HYDROPONICS PERENNIALS Unusual Indoor Plants. 1,800 Varieties-Be­ gonias, Ferns, Geraniums, Herbs, Exotics. NEW NOW AVAILABLE! American made indoorl Outstanding collection of rare and choice her­ 1982-84 catalog with more color $2.50. outdoor Homestead Hydroponic Gardening Unit baceous perennials at reasonable prices. Send LOGEE'S GREENHOUSES, AH, 55 North using nutrient film technique. For in-home, year­ $1.00 to SWEET SPRINGS PERENNIAL Street, Danielson, CT 06239. round growing of delicious vegetables and GROWERS, Dept. AH, PO Box 1315, Arroyo Grande CA 93420. blooming flowers. You can have lettuce from J WILDFLOWERS seed to table in approx. 23 days, tomatoes in PHALAENOPSIS (MOTH) ORCHIDS Beautiful Gardens are easy with Wildflowers about 37 days. For information and pictures on Blooming size, values to $20.00. Minimum or­ and Hardy Perennials. Husky field grown stock. this and other hydroculturelhydroponic prod­ der 3 plants, $9.50 each, postpaid. Catalog $1.00, Write for FREE catalog filled with helpful cu l­ ucts send $1.00 (refundable with first purchase). credited on first order. GREEN VALLEY OR­ tural information. BOEHLKE'S WOODLAND GREEN LEAF, PO Box 132, Fogelsville, PA CHIDS, RT 1, Box 233S, Folsom, LA 70437. GARDENS, W140NI0829 Country Aire, Dept. 18051. Dealer inquiries invited! (504) 796-5785. A, Germantown, WI 53022.

American Horticulturist 45 It lells You When to Water he lower half of the Nutriponics® planter shown above very red, and they are larger than cherry tomatoes. They are is transparent so you can see the water level The roots growing in our attractive planter which makes plants grow faster T grow down into the liquid and pull up water and nutri­ and better. We have had similar success with all types of plants ents as needed. You need add water only every week or two. from African Violets to Geraniums to Sunflowers. You can also depending on the plant Tomatoes may require more frequent use Nutriponics to give your plants a head start for planting watering when the plant is large. later outdoors. Our instruction leaflet on growing tomatoes indoors is free for You will be thrilled at how easy it is to grow your favorite the asking. Also we have written an illustrated 52-page book on plants using this new technique. We do not grow plants for sale, NUTRIPONICS which is included in each of the kits listed in the but we have hundreds of different kinds of plants growing in our coupon showFl below. experimental areas. Write us for more information or use the The tGmatoes in the above photo are Pixie which are sweet and COUpOFl below.

WINDOWSILL GARDENS Grafton, New Hampshire 03240

D Send Information Nam~e ______~~ ______o Send $9.95 kit StreetL______~=~ ______D Send $19.80 kit City_____ Stat"-e ______Zip ___ _ Includes planter shown above. Include $2.00 for shipping A83