Thurgood Marshall Jurisprudence Course Syllabus, Reading Assignments and Materials
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LETHAL INJECTION: the Medical Technology of Execution
LETHAL INJECTION: The medical technology of execution Introduction From hanging to electric chair to lethal injection: how much prettier can you make it? Yet the prettier it becomes, the uglier it is.1 In 1997, China became the first country outside the USA to carry out a judicial execution by lethal injection. Three other countriesGuatemala, Philippines and Taiwancurrently provide for execution by lethal injection but have not yet executed anyone by that method2. The introduction of lethal injection in the USA in 1977 provoked a debate in the medical profession and strong opposition to a medical role in such executions. To 30 September 1997, 268 individuals have been executed by lethal injection in the USA since the first such execution in December 1982 (see appendix 2). Reports of lethal injection executions in China, where the method was introduced in 1997, are sketchy but early indications are that there is a potential for massive use of this form of execution. In 1996, Amnesty International recorded more than 4,300 executions by shooting in China. At least 24 lethal injection executions were reported in the Chinese press in 1997 and this can be presumed to be a minimum (and growing) figure since executions are not automatically reported in the Chinese media. Lethal injection executions depend on medical drugs and procedures and the potential of this kind of execution to involve medical professionals in unethical behaviour, including direct involvement in killing, is clear. Because of this, there has been a long-standing campaign by some individual health professionals and some professional bodies to prohibit medical participation in lethal injection executions. -
The Death Penalty in Belarus
Part 1. Histor ical Overview The Death Penalty in Belarus Vilnius 2016 1 The Death Penalty in Belarus The documentary book, “The Death Penalty in Belarus”, was prepared in the framework of the campaign, “Human Rights Defenders against the Death Penalty in Belarus”. The book contains information on the death penalty in Belarus from 1998 to 2016, as it was in 1998 when the mother of Ivan Famin, a man who was executed for someone else’s crimes, appealed to the Human Rights Center “Viasna”. Among the exclusive materials presented in this publication there is the historical review, “A History of The Death Penalty in Belarus”, prepared by Dzianis Martsinovich, and a large interview with a former head of remand prison No. 1 in Minsk, Aleh Alkayeu, under whose leadership about 150 executions were performed. This book is designed not only for human rights activists, but also for students and teachers of jurisprudence, and wide public. 2 Part 1. Histor ical Overview Life and Death The Death penalty. These words evoke different feelings and ideas in different people, including fair punishment, cruelty and callousness of the state, the cold steel of the headsman’s axe, civilized barbarism, pistol shots, horror and despair, revolutionary expediency, the guillotine with a basket where the severed heads roll, and many other things. Man has invented thousands of ways to kill his fellows, and his bizarre fantasy with the methods of execution is boundless. People even seem to show more humanness and rationalism in killing animals. After all, animals often kill one another. A well-known Belarusian artist Lionik Tarasevich grows hundreds of thoroughbred hens and roosters on his farm in the village of Validy in the Białystok district. -
Florida's Legislative and Judicial Responses to Furman V. Georgia: an Analysis and Criticism
Florida State University Law Review Volume 2 Issue 1 Article 3 Winter 1974 Florida's Legislative and Judicial Responses to Furman v. Georgia: An Analysis and Criticism Tim Thornton Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr Part of the Criminal Law Commons Recommended Citation Tim Thornton, Florida's Legislative and Judicial Responses to Furman v. Georgia: An Analysis and Criticism, 2 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. 108 (1974) . https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr/vol2/iss1/3 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida State University Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTES FLORIDA'S LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL RESPONSES TO FURMAN V. GEORGIA: AN ANALYSIS AND CRITICISM On June 29, 1972, the Supreme Court of the United States addressed the constitutionality of the death penalty by deciding the case of Furman v. Georgia' and its two companion cases.2 The five man majority agreed only upon a one paragraph per curiam opinion, which held that "the imposition and carrying out of the death penalty in these cases constitutes cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.'" The per curiam opinion 4 of the majority was followed by five separate concurring opinions and four separate dissents.5 The impact of the Furman decision reached beyond the lives of the three petitioners involved.6 In Stewart v. Massachusetts7 and its companion cases," all decided on the same day as Furman, the Supreme Court vacated death sentences in more than 120 other capital cases, which had been imposed under the capital punishment statutes of 26 states. -
Capital Punishment
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT by JOHN WILLIAM KELLER !X(o B.A., St. Benedict's College, 1967 A MASTER'S THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS Department of Political Science KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 1968 Approved by: * Majorm \nr ProfessorPrr»f mumnr TABLE OP CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. THE NATURE AND HISTORY OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 1 Introduction ....... 1 The Ancient Civilizations 3 The Dark Ages 8 The Medieval Period 9 Colonial Transition 12 II. PENAL REFORM AND CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 21 Recent Developments ... 28 Legal Action Groups •••••.•..29 III. CONSTITUTIONAL BASIS 33 Amendment VIII 33 Amendment XIV 36 Amendment VI 39 IV. THE COURTS, THE CONSTITUTION, AND THE DEATH PENALTY 42 The Wilkerson Case / 42 Ex Parte Kemmler 44 O'Nefr l y. Vermont; 46 Howard v. Fleming 49 Weems y. United State s 50 Collins y. Johnson •• • .... 53 Louisiana y. Resveber 54 The Warren Court • 56 V. EXECUTIONS 66 Hanging • 66 Electrocution ............. 70 Gas Chamber ....73 Firing Squad ' ... 75 VI. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: A WORLD VIEW 80 The Death Penalty and the Community of Nations 81 Execution of the Death Sentence in the World • • % 83 Capital Crimes Around the World 84 Comments and Conclusions .86 VII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ^ 91 LIST OF CASES 99 BIBLIOGRAPHY 101 LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE I. Capital Punishment in the United States 23 II. Capital Crimes in the Fifty One Jurisdictions 24 III. Methods of Executions by States 76 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to express his sincere appreciation to the people who Joined In the. preparation of this pro- ject. -
SUPREME COURT of the UNITED STATES Mr • Justice Marshall Kr
/ To: The Chief Justice Mr. Justice Douglas Mr. Justice Brennan 1st DRAFT Mr. Justice Stewart Mr. Justice White SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Mr • Justice Marshall Kr. Justice Blackmun ~uat1oe Pow~ MEMORANDUM OF MR. JUSTICE REHNQUIST From: Rehnquist, J. Re: CAPITAL CASES Circulated: ~ h3/-, '1..- [June -, 1972J / Recirculated: Petitioners seck from this Court a decision that would ------- at one fell swoop invalidate laws enacted by Congress and 41 of the 50 state legislatures, and would consign to the limbo of unconstitutionality under a single rubric pen- alties for offenses as varied and unique as murder, piracy, mutiny, highjacking, and desertion in the face of the enemy. Such a holding would necessarily bring into sharp relief the fundamental question of the role of ju- dicial review in a democratic society. How can govern- ment by the elected representatives of the people co-exist with the power of the federal judiciary, whose members arc constitutionally insulated from responsiveness to the popular will, to declare invalid laws duly enacted by the popular branches of government? The answer, of course, is found in Hamilton's Federalist Paper No. 78 and in Chief Justice Marshall's classic opin ion in Marbu1'y v. Madison, 1 Crunch 137 (1803). An oft told story since then, it bears summarization once more. Sovereignty resides ultimately in the people as a whole, and by adopting through their States a written ConstitutiOil for the Nation, and subsequently adding amendments to that instrument, they have both granted certain powers to the national Government, and denied other powers to the national and the state governments. -
Women on the Margins : an Alternative to Kodrat?
WOMEN ON THE MARGINS AN ALTERNATIVE TO KODRAT? by Heather M. Curnow Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. University of Tasmania, Hobart School of Asian Languages and Studies October 2007 STATEMENTS OF OrtiONALITY / AUTHORITY TO ACCESS Declaration of otiginahtY: ibis thesis contains no material which has been acep ted for a degree or diploma by the University or any other institutions, except by way of hackground information and duly acknowledged in the thesis, and to the best of the candidate's knowledge and belief, no material previously published or written by another person, except- uthere due actabowledgement has been made in the text of the thesis. Statement of Authority of access: This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. ,C70 11leather Cuniow Date: A,5 hit tibigki ittool ABSTRACT: WOMEN ON THE MARGINS During New Order Indonesia (1966 — 1998) women's roles were officially defined by the Panca Darma Wanita (The Five Duties of Women). Based on traditional notions of womanhood, these duties were used by the Indonesian State to restrict women's activities to the private sphere, that is, the family and domesticity. Linked with the Five Duties was kodrat wanita (women's destiny), an unofficial code of conduct, loosely based on biological determinism. Kodrat wanita became a benchmark by which women were measured during this period, and to a large extent this code is still valid today. In this thesis, I have analyzed female characters in Indonesian literature with specific identities that are on the periphery of this dominant discourse. -
We Shall Live in Heaven by Harri Haamer
Haamer_Cover_Revised9-26-11.indd 1 9/26/2011 11:44:59 PM We Shall Live in Heaven By Harri Haamer Translated by Tiina Kaia Ets We Shall Live In Heaven has been translated and published in the fol- lowing languages: 1990 Finnish 1993 Estonian 2000 Russian 2007 German 2007 English Danish (Translated but not yet published) Cover design and background photo by Jerry Pitmon Ebook Format by OÜ Flagella ISBN 978-9949-9931-0-9 (pdf) ISBN 978-9949-9931-1-6 (epub) ISBN 978-9949-9931-2-3 (mobi) © 2017 Tartu Academy of Theology, Estonia www.tatest.org TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6 FOREWORD 7 INTRODUCTION 10 THE JOURNEY BEGINS 15 I AM TAKEN TO “INDIA” 19 TELL US ABOUT YOUR CRIMES 26 HOPELESSNESS HAS NO PLACE IN OUR PROGRAM 34 MY NAME IS DEARLY BELOVED 37 MY BREAD IS THROWN IN THE TRASH 40 WHY DID YOU HIT ME? 46 ... WHERE MY SOUL CAN BREATHE SO FREE 50 FLOWERS FROM THE VIADUCT 52 BAIKAL 55 I BECOME MASTER OF THE BARREL 57 THE RUSSIAN GOD 59 THIS ISN’T A FASCIST BATHHOUSE 64 YOU WILL GET YOUR THINGS BACK 69 WE STRIKE A BLOW WITH OUR BUNK BOARDS 72 MY MEETING WITH THE TUXEDOED MAN 75 NOGIN NUMBER THREE 78 THE TRANSIT 87 I AM GIVEN MY FIRST FUFAIKA . 91 IN THE “PULPIT” ONCE MORE 95 “I’M THE DOCTOR HERE!” 100 A THIEF’S WORD OF HONOR 106 ABOUT THE COMPATRIOT IN THE WHITE COAT 112 I PREDICT A MISERABLE FUTURE 117 I WILL GIVE YOU A TORTE! 122 THE COMMON LANGUAGE OF GOD’S CHILDREN 126 THE HOLY NIGHT ON THE BARRACK FLOOR 129 HOW I AM ANOINTED A THIEF 133 MY REAR END IS TOO SKINNY 141 UPBRINGING AND EDUCATION HAVE FAILED 143 FOR YOUR KIND HEART 148 IT IS -
Thesis Title
Death, Dying and Dark Tourism in Contemporary Society: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis by Philip R.Stone A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Central Lancashire October 2010 Student Declaration I declare that while registered as a candidate for the research degree, I have not been a registered candidate or enrolled student for another award of the University or other academic or professional institution I declare that no material contained in the thesis has been used in any other submission for an academic award and is solely my own work Signature of Candidate: Philip R.Stone Type of Award: PhD School: School of Sport, Tourism & The Outdoors Abstract Despite increasing academic and media attention paid to dark tourism – the act of travel to sites of death, disaster and the seemingly macabre – understanding of the concept remains limited, particularly from a consumption perspective. That is, the literature focuses primarily on the supply of dark tourism. Less attention, however, has been paid to the consumption of ‗dark‘ touristic experiences and the mediation of such experiences in relation to modern-day mortality. This thesis seeks to address this gap in the literature. Drawing upon thanatological discourse – that is, the analysis of society‘s perceptions of and reactions to death and dying – the research objective is to explore the potential of dark tourism as a means of contemplating mortality in (Western) societies. In so doing, the thesis appraises dark tourism consumption within society, especially within a context of contemporary perspectives of death and, consequently, offers an integrated theoretical and empirical critical analysis and interpretation of death-related travel. -
Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of London
THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL TOLERANCE AND SOCIAL POLICY: A CASE STUDY OF CRIME AND PENAL PRACTICES IN THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD IN UKRAINE. MYKOLA B. PANASYUK LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE, DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION MAY 2000 UMI Number: U137986 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U137986 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 /(4£St£ f 78 S 7 75 *+7z<5 2 V Abstract The present study focuses on the current state and developments of social and penal policies in Ukraine. It concentrates on changes brought about in the period of social and political transition, which started when Ukraine became an independent state in 1991. In particular, this study attempts to explain the current failure of reforms as being the result of a lack of social tolerance intrinsic to state officials at all levels, a legacy of previous repressive regimes. The introduction examines the notion of tolerance as a value produced by civil society and its importance for the administration of penal policy. -
Death Sentences and Executions in 2009
death sentences and executions 2009 amnesty international is a global movement of 2.8 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the universal declaration of human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. amnesty international Publications First published in 2010 by amnesty international Publications international secretariat Peter Benenson house 1 easton street London Wc1x 0dW united Kingdom www.amnesty.org © amnesty international Publications 2010 index: act 50/001/2010 original language: english Printed by amnesty international, international secretariat, united Kingdom all rights reserved. this publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. the copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for re-use in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. Cover phot o: Painting by delara darabi, who was executed in Rasht, iran, on 1 May 2009. after unfair judicial proceedings during which she consistently protested her innocence and despite a two-month stay of execution order, delara darabi was hanged for a murder which took place when she was aged 17. © delara darabi Back cover phot o: a flower-laying protest against the execution of delara darabi was held by amnesty international members in front of the embassy of iran in Warsaw, Poland, on 6 May 2009. -
© 2016 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Original U.S. Government Works. 1 Gong, Ze 5/11/2016 for Educational Use Only
Gong, Ze 5/11/2016 For Educational Use Only Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972) 92 S.Ct. 2726, 33 L.Ed.2d 346 KeyCite Yellow Flag - Negative Treatment West Headnotes (1) Called into Doubt by Neal v. Puckett, 5th Cir.(Miss.), March 15, 2002 [1] Constitutional Law 92 S.Ct. 2726 Capital Punishment; Death Penalty Supreme Court of the United States Constitutional Law Proceedings William Henry FURMAN, Petitioner, Constitutional Law v. Execution of Sentence State of GEORGIA. Sentencing and Punishment Lucious JACKSON, Jr., Petitioner, Death Penalty as Cruel or Unusual v. Punishment State of GEORGIA. Imposition and carrying out of death penalty Elmer BRANCH, Petitioner, in cases before court would constitute cruel v. and unusual punishment in violation of Eighth State of TEXAS. and Fourteenth Amendments. Code Ga. §§ 26-1005, 26-1302; Vernon's Ann.Tex.P.C. art. Nos. 69-5003, 69-5030, 69-5031. 1189; U.S.C.A.Const. Amends. 8, 14. | Argued Jan. 17, 1972. 771 Cases that cite this headnote | Decided June 29, 1972. Certiorari was granted to review decisions of the Supreme Court of Georgia, 225 Ga. 253, 167 S.E.2d 628, and 225 Attorneys and Law Firms Ga. 790, 171 S.E.2d 501, affirming imposition of death **2727 *238 Anthony G. Amsterdam, Stanford, Cal., for penalty on defendants convicted of murder and rape, and petitioner Furman. to review judgment of the Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas, 447 S.W.2d 932, affirming imposition of death penalty Jack Greenberg, New York City, for petitioner Jackson. on defendant convicted of rape. -
Is Electrocution an Unconstitutional Method of Execution? the Engineering of Death Over the Century
William & Mary Law Review Volume 35 (1993-1994) Issue 2 Article 4 February 1994 Is Electrocution an Unconstitutional Method of Execution? The Engineering of Death over the Century Deborah W. Denno Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr Part of the Constitutional Law Commons Repository Citation Deborah W. Denno, Is Electrocution an Unconstitutional Method of Execution? The Engineering of Death over the Century, 35 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 551 (1994), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/ wmlr/vol35/iss2/4 Copyright c 1994 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr IS ELECTROCUTION AN UNCONSTITUTIONAL METHOD OF EXECUTION? THE ENGINEERING OF DEATH OVER THE CENTURY DEBORAH W. DENNO* INTRODUCTION ......................................... 554 I. KEMMLER 'S HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS ............... 559 A. The Eighth Amendment's Concept of "Cruel and Unusual".... ........................... 560 B. New York's Anti-CapitalPunishment Movement 562 C. The Electrocution Act and the "Battle of the Currents".................................... 566 1. The AC-DC Controversy ................. 568 2. The Commission Recommends Electricity. 573 II. THE CREDIBILITY AND CONSEQUENCES OF KEMMLER 'S INTERPRETATION OF "CRUEL AND UNUSUAL" ............ 577 A. Kemmler I: Death by Electrocution ........... 577 B. Kemmler II: Electrocution and "The Scientific Progress of the Age" ........................ 578 1. The Evidentiary Hearings ............... 579 * Associate Professor of Law, Fordham University School of Law. B.A., 1974, University of Virginia; M.A., 1975, University of Toronto; Ph.D., 1982, J.D., 1989, University of Penn- sylvania. I am most grateful to the following individuals for their comments on this Article: Vivian Berger, Leigh Bienen, James Fleming, Robert Kaczorowski, James Kainen, Maria Marcus, Michael Martin, Joseph Perillo, Michael Radelet, and Steven Walt.