DOCSLIB.ORG

Workbook and Key to the Freshwater Bivalves of North Carolina

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Workbook and Key to the Freshwater Bivalves of North Carolina Workbook and Key to the Freshwater Bivalves of North Carolina Arthur E. Bogan North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Workbook Sponsors North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences North Carolina State University North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission North Carolina Department of Transportation North Carolina Freshwater Mussel Conservation Partnership 2002 Bogan, 2002, Workbook and Key to the Freshwater Bivalves of North Carolina i Acknowledgments I wish to thank the North Carolina Department of Transportation for funding the workshop that initiated this workbook. V. Charles Bruton, Phil Harris, Tim Savidge and Topsy Skinner, all of NCDOT, are gratefully acknowledged for all of their assistance and patience in pulling this workshop together. Tim Savidge initiated the idea of the workshop and has been instrumental in facilitating its occurrence. Mrs. W.T. Edmondson is thanked for granting permission to reproduce figures of her late husband’s second edition of Ward and Whipple, Freshwater Biology. Jonathan Raine greatly assisted in the development of the color plates. Wendy Lovelady, Exhibits Department of the NCSM, assisted and trained me with the scanning of slides and the final printing of the color plates. John M. Alderman, Judith A. Johnson and Brian T. Watson of the NC Wildlife Resources Commission prepared tables 2 and 3. John Alderman and Tim Savidge, NC Department of Transportation both reviewed and expanded the information on the distribution of species in North Carolina. Paul Parmalee is thanked for permitting the use of the color slides reproduced from The Freshwater Mussels of Tennessee (Parmalee and Bogan, 1998). Cindy Bogan once again has been patient in teaching me some of the finer points of the use of Word and has helped format the whole workbook. Valeria Rice, NCSM, has patiently assisted with the preparation of materials and specimens for this workshop. Ian Bogan assisted with the photography and Sean Bogan assisted with the reformatting of two tables. A special financial allocation from the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, Renewable Resources Extension Act Funds to Greg Cope, Arthur Bogan, John Alderman and Tim Savidge funded the reproduction costs of this workbook. This is a product of the NC Museum of Natural Sciences, NC State University, NC Cooperative Extension Service, NC Wildlife Resources Commission, NC Department of Transportation, and the NC Freshwater Mussel Conservation Partnership. Contact Information for the Workbook Distribution: Dr. W. Gregory Cope, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633 919-515-5296 (phone); 919-515-7169 (fax); email: [email protected] Contact Information for Technical Questions: Dr. Arthur E. Bogan, North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, Research Laboratory, 4301 Reedy Creek Road, Raleigh, NC 27607 919-733-7450 ext 753 (phone); 919-715-2294 (fax); email: [email protected] Citation for this publication Bogan, A.E. 2002. Workbook and key to the freshwater bivalves of North Carolina. North Carolina Freshwater Mussel Conservation Partnership, Raleigh, NC 101 pp, 10 color plates. Bogan, 2002, Workbook and Key to the Freshwater Bivalves of North Carolina ii Table of Contents Page Key to the freshwater bivalves of North Carolina ...............................................................4 Species Accounts: Corbiculidae.......................................................................................................................18 Unionidae...........................................................................................................................19 Glossary .............................................................................................................................88 Literature Cited ..................................................................................................................92 Introduction to the literature on the freshwater bivalves of North Carolina..................................................................................................................98 Websites for freshwater mollusks of North America ......................................................101 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Morphology of a Unionid shell and landmarks....................................................1 Figure 2. Internal shell landmarks of Corbiculidae and Sphaeriidae...................................2 Figure 3. Shell shape and beak sculpture.............................................................................3 Color Plates 1-10 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. List of native freshwater unionid bivalves of North Carolina .............................11 Table 2. Distribution of Unionidae in North Carolina’s Atlantic Slope River basins............................................................................................................13 Table 3. Distribution of Unionidae in North Carolina’s Interior Basin river drainages........................................................................................................15 Table 4. Status list of North Carolina freshwater bivalves ................................................16 Table 5. A working list of the relationships of North Carolina Elliptio ............................17 Bogan, 2002, Workbook and Key to the Freshwater Bivalves of North Carolina iii Page left blank on purpose. Bogan, 2002, Workbook and Key to the Freshwater Bivalves of North Carolina 1 Figure 1. Morphology of a freshwater unionid shell, illustrating structures and terminology. a. exterior of right valve; b. interior of left valve (Reproduced from Burch 1975:5, fig. 2). Bogan, 2002, Workbook and Key to the Freshwater Bivalves of North Carolina 2 Figure 2. Internal shell features of left (a) and right (b) valves of Corbicula fluminea and of left (c) and right (d) valves of Pisidium variabile, representing the Sphaeriidae. C2, C3, C4 are the cardinal teeth; AI, AII, AIII are the anterior lateral teeth; PI, PII, PIII are the posterior lateral teeth. Reprinted from Mackie (2001) with the author’s permission. Bogan, 2002, Workbook and Key to the Freshwater Bivalves of North Carolina 3 Figure 3. Illustrations of shell shape and beak sculpture. Shell shape descriptions: (A) rhomboidal; (B) triangular or trigonal; (C) round; (D) quadrate; (E and F) oval or ovoid; and (G) elliptical. Posterior shell-ridge morphology: (H) posterior ridge convex; and (I) posterior ridge concave. Concentric ridge structures of umbos: (J) single-looped concentric ridges; (K) double-looped concentric ridges; (L) coarse concentric ridges; and (M) fine concentric ridges. (Reproduced from McMahon and Bogan 2001). Bogan, 2002, Workbook and Key to the Freshwater Bivalves of North Carolina 4 Key to the freshwater bivalves of North Carolina 1 a. shell with a very sharp posterior ridge, shaped like a marine mussel, Mytilus, generally less than 30 millimeters, and attached to a hard substrate with byssal threads (pl. 10, fig. 58)[Not known from NC at this time].........Dreissena polymorpha b. animal without byssal threads attaching adult animal to substrate, with or without teeth but not with above shape...........................................................................2 2 (1b) a. valves with cardinal teeth and two sets of lateral teeth (pl. 10, fig. 56, 57)....................3 b. valves with one set of lateral teeth and pseudocardinal teeth or without teeth (Unionidae) .............................................................................................................4 3 (2a) a. valves with serrated lateral teeth (Fig. 2; pl. 10, fig. 56, 57) ............Corbicula fluminea b. valves with smooth lateral teeth (Fig. 2) [See Burch 1975b]...................... Sphaeriidae 4 (2b) a. origin of shell is from rivers or lakes draining into the Atlantic Ocean ...................... 5 b. origin of shell is from rivers or lakes draining into the Mississippi River Basin......................................................................................................................... 31 ATLANTIC COAST 5 (4a) a. shell with hinge teeth absent or greatly reduced.......................................................... 6 b. shell with pseudocardinal teeth present, with or without lateral teeth ...................... 11 6 (5a) a. umbo not projecting above the hinge-line ................................................................... 7 b. umbo projecting above the hinge-line ......................................................................... 8 7 (6a) a. ventral margin slightly concave to straight (pl. 8, fig. 48) ................................................................................................. Utterbackia imbecillis b. ventral margin rounded (pl. 2, fig. 7) ........................................ Anodonta couperiana 8 (6b) a. beak sculpture double looped, shell uniformly thin..................................................... 9 b. beak sculpture consists of concentric bars................................................................. 10 9(8a) a. beak sculpture ridges all of the same height, common (pl.7, fig. 40) ........................... ................................................................................................... Pyganodon cataracta b. beak sculpture ridges with pronounced bump or raised area in the bottom of the loop, introduced (pl. 7, fig. 41)............................................... Pyganodon grandis
Load more

Recommended publications
  • North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission Gordon Myers, Executive Director
    North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission Gordon Myers, Executive Director March 1, 2016 Honorable Jimmy Dixon Honorable Chuck McGrady N.C. House of Representatives N.C. House of Representatives 300 N. Salisbury Street, Room 416B 300 N. Salisbury Street, Room 304 Raleigh, NC 27603-5925 Raleigh, NC 27603-5925 Senator Trudy Wade N.C. Senate 300 N. Salisbury Street, Room 521 Raleigh, NC 27603-5925 Dear Honorables: I am submitting this report to the Environmental Review Committee in fulfillment of the requirements of Section 4.33 of Session Law 2015-286 (H765). As directed, this report includes a review of methods and criteria used by the NC Wildlife Resources Commission on the State protected animal list as defined in G.S. 113-331 and compares them to federal and state agencies in the region. This report also reviews North Carolina policies specific to introduced species along with determining recommendations for improvements to these policies among state and federally listed species as well as nonlisted animals. If you have questions or need additional information, please contact me by phone at (919) 707-0151 or via email at [email protected]. Sincerely, Gordon Myers Executive Director North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission Report on Study Conducted Pursuant to S.L. 2015-286 To the Environmental Review Commission March 1, 2016 Section 4.33 of Session Law 2015-286 (H765) directed the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission (WRC) to “review the methods and criteria by which it adds, removes, or changes the status of animals on the state protected animal list as defined in G.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Mussel Survey Protocol for the Southeastern Atlantic Slope and Northeastern Gulf Drainages in Florida and Georgia
    FRESHWATER MUSSEL SURVEY PROTOCOL FOR THE SOUTHEASTERN ATLANTIC SLOPE AND NORTHEASTERN GULF DRAINAGES IN FLORIDA AND GEORGIA United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services and Fisheries Resources Offices Georgia Department of Transportation, Office of Environment and Location April 2008 Stacey Carlson, Alice Lawrence, Holly Blalock-Herod, Katie McCafferty, and Sandy Abbott ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For field assistance, we would like to thank Bill Birkhead (Columbus State University), Steve Butler (Auburn University), Tom Dickenson (The Catena Group), Ben Dickerson (FWS), Beau Dudley (FWS), Will Duncan (FWS), Matt Elliott (GDNR), Tracy Feltman (GDNR), Mike Gangloff (Auburn University), Robin Goodloe (FWS), Emily Hartfield (Auburn University), Will Heath, Debbie Henry (NRCS), Jeff Herod (FWS), Chris Hughes (Ecological Solutions), Mark Hughes (International Paper), Kelly Huizenga (FWS), Joy Jackson (FDEP), Trent Jett (Student Conservation Association), Stuart McGregor (Geological Survey of Alabama), Beau Marshall (URSCorp), Jason Meador (UGA), Jonathon Miller (Troy State University), Trina Morris (GDNR), Ana Papagni (Ecological Solutions), Megan Pilarczyk (Troy State University), Eric Prowell (FWS), Jon Ray (FDEP), Jimmy Rickard (FWS), Craig Robbins (GDNR), Tim Savidge (The Catena Group), Doug Shelton (Alabama Malacological Research Center), George Stanton (Columbus State University), Mike Stewart (Troy State University), Carson Stringfellow (Columbus State University), Teresa Thom (FWS), Warren Wagner (Environmental Services), Deb
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Project Title: an Evaluation of Hemolymph Extraction As a Non
    Project Title: An Evaluation of Hemolymph Extraction as a Non-Lethal Sampling Method for Genetic Identification of Freshwater Mussel Species in Southeastern North Carolina Final Report: 2004-09 FHWA/NC/2006-11 Principle investigators: Michael A. McCartney Ami E. Wilbur Department of Biology and Marine Biology Center for Marine Science University of North Carolina Wilmington 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane Wilmington, North Carolina 28409 February 2007 1 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA/NC/2006-11 … … … … 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date An Evaluation of hemolymph extraction as a non-lethal sampling February 2007 method for genetic identification of freshwater mussels species in southeastern North Carolina 6. Performing Organization Code … … 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Michael A. McCartney, Ami E. Wilbur … … 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Center for Marine Science … … UNCW, 5600 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409 11. Contract or Grant No. … … 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Research and Analysis Group Final Report 1 South Wilmington Street July 2003 – December 2005 Raleigh, North Carolina 27601 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 2004-09 Supplementary Notes: … … 16. Abstract Identification of freshwater mussel species and subpopulations is challenging due to the plasticity of morphological characters. Molecular analyses are a powerful alternative for systematics and for biological surveys and restoration efforts. Yet most molecular methods require sacrificing animals for tissue sampling, an approach that cannot be applied to threatened and endangered species.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Animal Species of North Carolina 2020
    Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Animal Species of North Carolina 2020 Hickory Nut Gorge Green Salamander (Aneides caryaensis) Photo by Austin Patton 2014 Compiled by Judith Ratcliffe, Zoologist North Carolina Natural Heritage Program N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources www.ncnhp.org C ur Alleghany rit Ashe Northampton Gates C uc Surry am k Stokes P d Rockingham Caswell Person Vance Warren a e P s n Hertford e qu Chowan r Granville q ot ui a Mountains Watauga Halifax m nk an Wilkes Yadkin s Mitchell Avery Forsyth Orange Guilford Franklin Bertie Alamance Durham Nash Yancey Alexander Madison Caldwell Davie Edgecombe Washington Tyrrell Iredell Martin Dare Burke Davidson Wake McDowell Randolph Chatham Wilson Buncombe Catawba Rowan Beaufort Haywood Pitt Swain Hyde Lee Lincoln Greene Rutherford Johnston Graham Henderson Jackson Cabarrus Montgomery Harnett Cleveland Wayne Polk Gaston Stanly Cherokee Macon Transylvania Lenoir Mecklenburg Moore Clay Pamlico Hoke Union d Cumberland Jones Anson on Sampson hm Duplin ic Craven Piedmont R nd tla Onslow Carteret co S Robeson Bladen Pender Sandhills Columbus New Hanover Tidewater Coastal Plain Brunswick THE COUNTIES AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF NORTH CAROLINA Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Animal Species of North Carolina 2020 Compiled by Judith Ratcliffe, Zoologist North Carolina Natural Heritage Program N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Raleigh, NC 27699-1651 www.ncnhp.org This list is dynamic and is revised frequently as new data become available. New species are added to the list, and others are dropped from the list as appropriate. The list is published periodically, generally every two years.
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Bivalves of North Carolina
    List of the Freshwater Bivalve species of North Carolina - compiled 2017-11-03 This is a listing of the bivalve mollusk species that have been documented or reported to occur in the freshwater systems of the state. Because bivalves can be very difficult to identify to genus and to species, and because there are a number of historical (often over 100 years ago) and poorly documented reports of many species, it is impossible to state the number of freshwater bivalve species that have been documented in the state. The scientific and common names used in this list are from Williams et al. (2017) for the taxa in the family Unionidae, and from NatureServe Explorer for the taxa in Corbiculidae and Sphaeriidae. The list also includes the State Rank, Global Rank, State Status, and U.S. Status (if it has such statuses) for each species. The ranks are those of the Biotics database of the N. C. Natural Heritage Program and NatureServe, October 2016. Ranks in parentheses are provided by the N.C. Biodiversity Project, based on data in Williams et al. (2017). Status information is given on Page 3. Unionidae: Freshwater Mussels [48] [Rank: State Global] [Status: State US] Range (by river basins) 1 Alasmidonta heterodon ................ Dwarf Wedgemussel ................... [S1 G1G2] [E E] NS, TP 2 Alasmidonta raveneliana .............. Appalachian Elktoe ...................... [S1 G1] [E E] FB, LT 3 Alasmidonta undulata ................... Triangle Floater ........................... [S3 G4] [T FSC] CF, CH, NS, RO, TP, YP 4 Alasmidonta varicosa ................... Brook Floater ............................... [S2 G3] [E FSC] CA, CF, NS, YP 5 Alasmidonta viridis ....................... Slippershell Mussel ..................... [S1 G4G5] [E FSC] FB, LT 6 Cyclonaias tuberculata ................
    [Show full text]
  • Attachment H Mussel Relocation Plan
    ATTACHMENT H MUSSEL RELOCATION PLAN MUSSEL RELOCATION PLAN CONGAREE RIVER SEDIMENTS COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA Elliptio complanata Elliptio roanokensis August 2020 Prepared for: Dominion Energy South Carolina, Inc. 400 Otarre Parkway Cayce, SC 29033 Prepared by: Apex Companies, LLC 1600 Commerce Circle Trafford, PA 15085 MUSSEL RELOCATION PLAN CONGAREE RIVER SEDIMENTS COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA INTRODUCTION Dominion Energy South Carolina, Inc. (DESC), formerly South Carolina Electric and Gas Company (SCE&G), plans to complete a Modified Removal Action (MRA) to address the occurrence of a tar-like material (TLM) that is commingled with sediment along the eastern shoreline of the Congaree River, just south of the Gervais Street Bridge in Columbia, South Carolina. The project area location is shown on Figure 1. The TLM is believed to be a coal tar material that originated from the Huger Street former manufactured gas plant (MGP) site, located approximately 1,000 feet to the northeast of the project area. The proposed work is being performed by DESC at the direction of South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) and is subject to permits and approvals from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and other agencies. The overall objective of this project is to remove the impacted sediment from the Congaree River. The current plan is to construct two temporary cofferdams to facilitate removal of the impacted sediment. As currently envisioned, the temporary cofferdams would be constructed in two separate phases over two or three construction seasons. The construction seasons will range from approximately May through October of each year. Figure 2 illustrates the phased approach and the proposed cofferdam locations.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revised List of the Freshwater Mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida) of the United States and Canada
    Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 20:33–58, 2017 Ó Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society 2017 REGULAR ARTICLE A REVISED LIST OF THE FRESHWATER MUSSELS (MOLLUSCA: BIVALVIA: UNIONIDA) OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA James D. Williams1*, Arthur E. Bogan2, Robert S. Butler3,4,KevinS.Cummings5, Jeffrey T. Garner6,JohnL.Harris7,NathanA.Johnson8, and G. Thomas Watters9 1 Florida Museum of Natural History, Museum Road and Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA 2 North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, MSC 1626, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA 3 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 212 Mills Gap Road, Asheville, NC 28803 USA 4 Retired. 5 Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, IL 61820 USA 6 Alabama Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, 350 County Road 275, Florence, AL 35633 USA 7 Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 71753 USA 8 U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 7920 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA 9 Museum of Biological Diversity, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH 43212 USA ABSTRACT We present a revised list of freshwater mussels (order Unionida, families Margaritiferidae and Unionidae) of the United States and Canada, incorporating changes in nomenclature and systematic taxonomy since publication of the most recent checklist in 1998. We recognize a total of 298 species in 55 genera in the families Margaritiferidae (one genus, five species) and Unionidae (54 genera, 293 species). We propose one change in the Margaritiferidae: the placement of the formerly monotypic genus Cumberlandia in the synonymy of Margaritifera. In the Unionidae, we recognize three new genera, elevate four genera from synonymy, and place three previously recognized genera in synonymy.
    [Show full text]
  • Workbook and Key to the Freshwater Bivalves of South Carolina I
    to the Freshwater Bivalves of Arthur E. Bogan North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences John M. Alderman Alderman Environmental Services, Inc. Pittsboro, NC Workbook Sponsors North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Freshwater Mussel Conservation Partnership, Francis Marion and Sumter National Forest, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and South Carolina Department of Natural Resources 2008 Bogan and Alderman, 2008, Workbook and Key to the Freshwater Bivalves of South Carolina i Acknowledgments We wish to thank the South Carolina offices of the U.S. Forest Service for urging us to compile this workbook. Dr. Gerald Mackie, University of Guelph, Ontario granted us permission to use his figures of the shells of Corbicula and sphaeriids. Jonathan Raine greatly assisted in the development of the color plates. Lora Zimmerman USFWS, Charleston, very kindly supplied the map of the river basins of South Carolina. Text of this volume has benefited from the review comments of Tim Savidge and participants in a workshop. Jamie Smith is thanked for very carefully reviewing the entire manuscript for consistency and tweaking some of the new photographs. Cindy Bogan once again has been patient in teaching me some of the finer points of the use of Word and has helped format the whole workbook. This is a product of the North Carolina Freshwater Bivalve Conservation Partnership. Contact Information for the Workbook Distribution: Lora Zimmerman US Fish and Wildlife Service 176 Croghan Spur Road, Suite 200 Charleston, SC 29407 Tel. 843-727 4707 ext 226 Email: [email protected] Contact Information for Technical Questions: Dr. Arthur E.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Impacts of Habitat Loss on Freshwater Mussel
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations 5-2018 Water-Electricity Nexus: Assessing Impacts of Habitat Loss on Freshwater Mussel Assemblages in the Savannah Basin, South Carolina Snehal Subhash Mhatre Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations Recommended Citation Mhatre, Snehal Subhash, "Water-Electricity Nexus: Assessing Impacts of Habitat Loss on Freshwater Mussel Assemblages in the Savannah Basin, South Carolina" (2018). All Dissertations. 2120. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/2120 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WATER-ELECTRICITY NEXUS: ASSESSING IMPACTS OF HABITAT LOSS ON FRESHWATER MUSSEL ASSEMBLAGES IN THE SAVANNAH BASIN, SOUTH CAROLINA A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Wildlife and Fisheries Biology by Snehal Subhash Mhatre May 2018 Accepted by: Dr. Alan R. Johnson, Committee Chair Dr. Kyle Barrett Dr. John Hains Dr. John Rodgers, Jr. ABSTRACT The environmental effects of energy production are well known, yet its exact impacts on freshwater resources are often difficult to recognize and measure. Freshwater mussels are extremely imperiled organisms which act as sentinels of freshwater streams and are greatly understudied in context of their drastic decline caused in part due to large water demands by the energy sector. I sought to estimate historic, current and forecasted water use by electricity generation at national, regional and local- scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Tentacle Newsletter of the IUCN Species Survival Commission Mollusc Specialist Group ISSN 0958-5079
    Tentacle Newsletter of the IUCN Species Survival Commission Mollusc Specialist Group ISSN 0958-5079 No. 8 July 1998 EDITORIAL The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has shelved its plan to build an airport on the Ogasawaran island of Anijima (see the article by Kiyonori Tomiyama and Takahiro Asami later in this issue of Tentacle). This is a Tentacle as widely as possible, given our limited major conservation success story, and is especially resources. I would therefore encourage anyone with a important for the endemic land snail fauna of the island. concern about molluscs to send me an article, however The international pressure brought to bear on the Tokyo short. It doesn’t take long to pen a paragraph or two. Government came about only as a result of the publicis- Don’t wait until I put out a request for new material; I ing of the issue through the internet and in newsletters really don’t wish to have to beg and plead! Send me and other vehicles, like Tentacle (see issues 6 and 7). The something now, and it will be included in the next issue. committed people who instigated this publicity cam- Again, to reiterate (see editorial in Tentacle 7), I would paign should be proud of their success. But as Drs. like to see articles from all over the world, and in partic- Tomiyama and Asami note, vigilance remains necessary, ular I would like to see more on “Marine Matters”. Don’t as the final decision on the location of the new airport be shy! I make only very minor editorial changes to arti- has not been decided.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 20 Number 2 October 2017
    FRESHWATER MOLLUSK BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION THE JOURNAL OF THE FRESHWATER MOLLUSK CONSERVATION SOCIETY VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 OCTOBER 2017 Pages 33-58 oregonensis/kennerlyi clade, Gonidea angulata, and A Revised List of the Freshwater Mussels (Mollusca: Margaritifera falcata Bivalvia: Unionida) of the United States and Canada Emilie Blevins, Sarina Jepsen, Jayne Brim Box, James D. Williams, Arthur E. Bogan, Robert S. Butler, Donna Nez, Jeanette Howard, Alexa Maine, and Kevin S. Cummings, Jeffrey T. Garner, John L. Harris, Christine O’Brien Nathan A. Johnson, and G. Thomas Watters Pages 89-102 Pages 59-64 Survival of Translocated Clubshell and Northern Mussel Species Richness Estimation and Rarefaction in Riffleshell in Illinois Choctawhatchee River Watershed Streams Kirk W. Stodola, Alison P. Stodola, and Jeremy S. Jonathan M. Miller, J. Murray Hyde, Bijay B. Niraula, Tiemann and Paul M. Stewart Pages 103-113 Pages 65-70 What are Freshwater Mussels Worth? Verification of Two Cyprinid Host Fishes for the Texas David L. Strayer Pigtoe, Fusconaia askewi Erin P. Bertram, John S. Placyk, Jr., Marsha G. Pages 114-122 Williams, and Lance R. Williams Evaluation of Costs Associated with Externally Affixing PIT Tags to Freshwater Mussels using Three Commonly Pages 71-88 Employed Adhesives Extinction Risk of Western North American Freshwater Matthew J. Ashton, Jeremy S. Tiemann, and Dan Hua Mussels: Anodonta nuttalliana, the Anodonta Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation ©2017 ISSN 2472-2944 Editorial Board CO-EDITORS Gregory Cope, North Carolina State University Wendell Haag, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Tom Watters, The Ohio State University EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD Conservation Jess Jones, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeogrpahy and Diversity of Freshwater Mussels of the Southeast
    BIOGEOGRPAHY AND DIVERSITY OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS OF THE SOUTHEAST UNITED STATES by SCOTT THOMAS SMALL (Under the Direction of John P. Wares) ABSTRACT Biodiversity is the variation of life at all levels of biological organization (Gaston and Spicer 2004). However, it is rare that biodiversity is actually studied at all levels of organization. To form a more cohesive picture of biodiversity, this means that we must consider data ranging from genes to species (or even higher taxonomic units), and from various spatial scales. It is only with data from multiple spatial scales that we begin to understand how species are distributed in a region, how species diversity is generated and maintained, and how evolution within species shapes patterns in communities. Here we investigate patterns of species and genetic diversity in communities of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) in the southeast United States. We approach this problem by combining numerical models with empirical data from regional and community scales. My methods combine the fields of biogeography, community ecology, and population genetics to elucidate the driving forces that maintain biodiversity in freshwater communities. Our results provide evidence for a regional vicariant event that is responsible for structuring diversity in freshwater mussels and possibly other freshwater taxa. Numerical simulations provide evidence for the non-neutral structuring of mussel communities influenced by both positive and negative density dependence. Patterns of genetic diversity within populations support the contemporary formation of species within the Altamaha River in Georgia with moderate spatial structuring of populations. In conclusion we find that by collecting data on 2 aspects of biodiversity, species diversity and genetic diversity, we are able to form a complete picture of forces shaping diversity in the southeast United States.
    [Show full text]