aiAHIBIT "D"-24-

RULES OF THE DEMOCRATIC TA1RTY CIVIL CODE OF SOUTH CAROLINA OF SOUTH CAROLINA (h) The provisions of this Rule 2415 - Provisions to be liberally shall he liberally construed in construod—decision of club sec­ favor of tho absent voter, and tho retary final decisions of the Secretary of the county committoo as to tho nec­ The provision of sections 2406 essity of any particular voter to 2416 inclusive, shall be liber­ being allowed to vote by mail shall ally construed'in favor of the ab­ be final. sent votor and the decisions of the enrollment committee of club secretary as to the necessity of any particular voter being allow-' od to vote by mail shall be final.

BALLOTS AND BALLOT FOICES; 2417 - Colors and labels of bal­ lots and boxes at primary elec­ 48.(a) In all primaries hereafter tions,—In all primary elections held within this State tho ballot hereafter hold within this State used for nomination for State of­ by any political party, the bal­ ficers shall bo printed on yellow lots used for state officers paper and the bozos used by the' shall be printed on yellow paper managers of election in which the and the boxes used by the mana­ said ballot is to be deposited gers of election in which the said shall bo painted tho same color; ballot is to to deposited shall be and all ballots for County offi­ pointed the some color; and all cers shall be printed on plain ballots for county officers shall white paper and tho boxes for said be printed on plain white paper and ballots shall be painted white tho boxes for said ballots shall be painted white. (b) All ballots used in the pri­ All ballots used in tho primary mary for nomination for State of­ election for state officers shall ficers shall have plainly marked have plainly marked thereon, both thereon, both on tho coupon and on on the coupon and on tho ballot tho ballot proper, tho words "State proper, tho words "State Ballot," Ballot, >L_and all ballots used for and all ballots used for tho elec­ the nomination of County officers, tion of county officers, solici­ Solicitors and Congressmen shall tors, and congressmen shall have have marked thereon in plain typo, marked thoroon in plain typo, both both on the coupon and on the bal* on tho coupon and on tho ballot lot proper, the words "County proper, the words "County Ballot." Ballot." WATCHERS AT POLLS

49, The right is hereby given to : 2404-T7atchers in counties with city any candidate to name and appoint over 20,000; registration in cities a watcher for any poll that he may over 20,000, desire, the right to be granted Candidates in all counties by the County Committee, and upon in which there is a city contain­ its refusal to do so tho entire ing twenty thousand inhabitants matter shall be reviewed by the or more shall have tho right to State Committee, and the c.ction appoint a watcher at each polling taken by'tho State Committee shall place to look after the interest bo final. of such candidates. And in all cities of twenty thousand inhabi­ tants or more thcro shall bo a party registration of voters under regulations to be proscribed by the rules of the respective party. DRLSOftra tO STATE DEMOCRATIC CONVSWTIOK AB8B¥jLm Wow 9* Greene, Aebarille 7.H. Kieklee, Abbeville, Cham. B.C. Wileea, Calhoun Falle K.J. Sehley, Konea Path R.8. Galloway, Due Wot J.C Todd, Due Weet

ifiUBL John w. Dunean, Aiken Dr* rred. C. Brinklay, Blleaton W.H. KoSleln, Jeofcaon 8.J. Craig, farremrllle O.L. BeughMen, n*g«ner Dr. A.A. Walden, North Augusta John t. Stanefield, Aiken F.W. Fannin*. Sal ley Alternate* C.Pope Gentt, Wegener K.C. Byers, Windeor F.H. Fmekinghats, Sllenten Qulnfcy wtee, Oreaiteeille

IMiWff^Mf t* Sdwin J'yriek, Allendale W.T. Riley* Sr.* Allendale Riohie A. Ellie, Allendale George Warren, Jr., Allendale w.H. Snelllng, Allendale Qtle Brabhan, Allendale V* Allen Hnrter, Allendale John B. MeMllan, Allendale Iternetee Dr. 3.*.I. itedhold. fM& Hugn F. Folk, Allendale l.A. Crocker, Allendale R.B. Cunninghen, Allendale

Jin A. Cox, RFD, Belten T. Frank ffatkina, Andereon John 0. Taylor, Andereon

John 8. Wlglnton, Andereon w.C. Johneton, Andereon >aul R. Sarle, Starr S.H. Agnev, Andereon Carl MeClain, Andereon RFD CD. Herett* Pendleton S.L. Griffin, Honea Path J.B. Farmer, Andereon Gee Ellison, Belten Mill*, Beltea J. Ohrietie Wright, RFD, Andereon

J. Deri Kearae, Baaberg Fred. L. Hiere, BaMberg,

Jetm* f. Rieher, Baaberg J. Weeley Crus, Benaerk

agmrr Charlee J. Coloock, Beaufort Calhoun Thoeae, Beaufort

If.If. Levin, Beaufort Wilton Grave*, Beaufort

Elbert Sweat, Beaufort I.B. Redgere, Beaufort STATS COKVSHTIOS DSUEOXTES (8)

D4»« Bwdwell, Croej^--

Stephen- B*o. Wtggtna* Bemoan

A* ?eneo, Goose Creek Herbert Cftddell, RFD, ife&oi* Center

CtiARLSSTOW

*Hoyor Henry W« Lookeood, Charleston tor Burnet R. Haybank, Charleeton

iteevorth P. Ueane, Cfca/leston lh M. Peulnot, 117 Rutledge St., •leeton •rt Von Dohlen/lie Bread St., erheret St.,

George w\ Stout/ SO Troebo Street* 119 Margaret St., fharleeton Charleetea John P. DeVeeux, 14? Ashley ivenue nekney Street, Charleston ST Bread St., . Bay Street, Charleston Sharleston Paul/.. Seabr&ok, 1*0«B Rutledge n St., Leeton

is. Tameberg, Char] Oolle Morse, North Charleston irt M*C. figs* Jr., 3s\»road St., Charleston

Joe H. Hall, Gaffney, Rev. C.A. Kirby, Oaffney J. Claude Fort, taffney Roy C* Cobb, Gaffney C.S. Salnt-Aatand, Gaffney Waite C. Haariek, Jr. Oaffney Alternates Rev. H.B. HaFdy, Gaffney Lake W. stroup, Gaffney S.M. Wolfe, Gaffney R.A. Dobeen, Gaffney Ly«an Haariek, Gaffney San J. Strain, Gaffney

Tlmr t flrfr B.R. DttPre, Great Falle Joe 0. Jordan, Riohburg |. Pieree Stone, Fort Learn Wilbur G. Grant, Cheeter David A* Gaston, Cheater BOA Nunnery, Sdgeaoor A.T. Kenry, Cheeter floergo T. Gregory, Jr., Cheater B. Frank wlikes, Cheeter P.B. Good, RFD, Loerye

J.F. Bean, RFD, Me. 2, Cheddar J. Henry Wade, RFD No. 3* Cheeter

2BS££SS£2£i£ C.P. Lasey, Chewav S.O. Fegues, Choree

J.I. Leppard, Chesterfield W.T. UeBrlde, Cheeterfield

J.C. Miller, Jeffereon L.A. Ueher, Pagelend State Convention Delegatee

CflLLBTQH wJL Sneak, walterbore- Durban, Walterboro J.M. Seorar, /alterboro D.T. Striekihnd, 8 taoake H.H. See*, Well W.ey Jaequee, Cettagevllle

E&3LW/TPB, George B* Dargan, Darlington John H. Martin, Kartevllle Mayor Fred B. Stea, Darlington John F. * Heath, Harteville O.G. Carrie, Lenar J.P. Mealngo* Darlington

PILLOW CO* Theaaa, Haaor R.H. Garalehaol, Dillon at. If. Monroe, Letts

M.S. Staskhouse, Billon l*A. Manning, Dillon Mrs. Joe P« Lane, Dillon Janee L. Alford,Dlllen J«W, Hlggina, Dillon D.D. Lee, Dillon Henry Alien, Latta A.D. Barnee, Dillon

H.H.-'Jesaen,

S.B. Nieholeor, Sdgefleld George Yenee, Johnson Horaoe w* Saeyer, Bdgefield B.S. Hleholeon, Bdgefleld

yjKH^mfl! Senator J.tf. Lyles, Winnebore Boyd Brown, Winnebore Hayne D. MoMookin, wlnneboro J.C. Darby, winnebero C.A. Robinson, wlnneboro 0*F. Pattson, Wlnneboro Toe) wateon, winnebore Gary Baee, winnebore M.D. Douglas, Wlnneboro J.S. Tdnunde, Ridgevay T.K. MeDonald, Ridgevay D.J. Halite or Carl lathes, Ridgoeay

IS, Healngvay State Convention Delegatee (4)

T^fffjfYiyrF Alfred F. Burgess, Dean Bldg. R.A. Jolley, US W. Bar Is St., Greenville Greenville John L. Plyler, President, Foman Janee B* Pnag, Maeenle Tenple, Unlverelty, Greenville Greenville J.M. Welle, Maeenle Temple, D.B. Leathsreood, Poinsett Hotel GreenviAie Bldg., Greenville J.D. Aehnore, Prefeeeional Phar- J. Harvey,Cleveland, Cleveland naey, Greenville

J. L. lmn» Maeente Tensle, R.H. Daeue, Buneenbe Read, Greenville Greenville J.W. irrlngten, |r., Union Bleaehery* Eugene Bryant, Liberty Life Bldg** Greenville Greenville Arthur Maokey, &40 H. Mala St., P.P. Meadors, Meeders Mfg., Co., Greenville Greenville R.F. Wateen, 119 Janee St., f.M. Meaning, Woodelde Bldg., Greenville Gresnviile 0. Heyward Hahon, H. Main St., K?. rsllsU. WulS' lluuei, Greenville Greenville J.C. Leathereeed, Maeonio Temple, Leroy Andereon, riedaont Greenville Alternatee H.K. Teens, Uaeonle Teaple, Greenville Klee J.M. Ferry, Liberty Life Bldg., Greenville D.L. Bmnlett, Siapeonvllle sal Began, County Health Dept. Greenville J.Sill Runler Snaxee Bldg., J.T. Bray, 3 Charlee St., Woodilde- Greenville Greenvllle Patrlok C. F«t» Liberty Life Bldg., Ire* A.F. MeXlsslak, Clarendon Ave., Greenville Greenville are. Lucie D. King, 4S Rutherford St. W.D. Worknan, Wslleee Bldg., Greenville Greenville

Mrs, J.K. »illiana,\RFD, Hiaety-Six Mrs. A.W. Henderson, Greenwood J.O./WWHOii, Rlnety^SexN T.J. wuile. Greenwood tf P«R« Underwood, Greenwood J.A. Hall, Ware Shoale J.!fVTtoMliM*j-tFrwenwood J.M. Marehall, Oreenwood

HAMPTON

»r Geo. warren^anpton J. Merrlsen |utsn. Setill *r~Hanne7~veraville LMV wllliene, M.T. Lafltte, Setiil ,7.H. Ug>**ey, Bruneon 17Frz3111e»-Jian^ton Banden, Haapton

JASPSR

(bee, Ridgeland K.D. Sllls^Jtf^land H.M. Taylor, Ridgeland R.B^Carter, Ridgeland State ConventIon Deiegatee <*)

Qnattlebaun, Conway Stiller, Conway

Senator W.T. Redfem, Caaden Rep. John Ranon, Lugoff Rep. L.C. Jlyburn, Veatville Sheriff J.H. MeLend, c*nd*n R.M. KQiNi6&fi Caaden W.F. Setridge, Bethune

LAHCASTBJf Claud Thonpeen, Van Wyek 8.B. Sapp, Lenesnter

J. Reeoe Fundorburk, Laneaeter 0. Reeoe *i Ulnae, Laneaeter Red Gregory, Laneaster C.C. Brlgaan, Laneaater R.S. Stewart, Laneaeter John T. Stevens, Kerahew A.A* Wltteford, Kerehaw C. Roee Blaokann, Kerehaw 1. Coke Bridges, Heath Springe B.H. Plyler, RFD #S, Laneaster

LADRKH8

Ralph T. WUeea, Laurens O.L. Long, Lauren* v.R. Fleedn, Laurene W.R. Rlehey, Jr. Lauren* John Ross, Ooldville J.A. Guthrie, Gren* Hill w.L. Martin, tare Shaft!* B.H. Boyd, Clinton Alternates Dr. C.&. Croaar, Laurnee Robert C. waeeon, RFD, Wumee J.C. Cannon , Clinton

Thoatae P. Clyburn, Bethune R.H. Coo, er, wyeaeky W.M. SeLeon, Jr., Waehlngton, B.C. H.R. Colelough, Dalaell W.F* Flayer, Oswego

LsTIMSTOH

Marion B. Helena, Bateeburg Blease Bllieon, Lexington

HWSeadree 3«rr, Leeeville Jeeee D. Frisk, Pollen S.K. Abott, Cay** H. Odelle Hereon, Lexington •wf f. H. Priee, Soot Coluable S.i« Smith, Swansea A.F. lever, RFD #8, Celaabia Ernest Queries, Bateeburg

&.K. Saokaan, Cnyse George D. Lynraak, Ifeet Columbia State Convention Delegatee («)

1.8* Morton, Merlon Lt. Gov. R.J* Wiillene, Mnllln* Senator Barl R. Sllerbe, Marion George 0. MeKerrall, Marlon W.H. Danelli, Mullins J.8. Macrorey, Oreehaa W. Gary Nlehela, Mlohole

C.S. MeCall, Bennetteviile O.t. Breenan, Sr», Benntteville R.M. Lininay, BennettaviHe M.S. Kdens, Bennetteviile • J.J. Evane, Bennetteviile fL>M. Beaton, Bennetteviile f*M. OTuel, Sr»$ Oibeon, H.C. J.B. Roger*, Sr», MeColl George J. Bethea, Tatne, 3. C. L. Tea porker, MeColl F.S. Hedges, Blenhela D.K* MeColl, Bennetteviile

S.f, Bunhardt, MeCoralek Hugh C* Brown, MeCejgiele*

StW* Pattereon, MeCroniok J.U Braeknell, Plum Braneh W.H. Fraaland, Plus Bran** W.B. Querlee, MeCnau&ok J*P. Bruneon, Parkavliie L.L. Heeter, Ht. C&roel

Heal W» Workman, Bewberry B.O. Creekaore, Newberry 8*J. Dnriek, Newberry Cheeley Bedenbaugh, Prosperity W.S. Sober, Whitedr*

John T. Ballanger, Settee* A.M. Ideate, Sen*** Horry R* Hughe, Walhalla J.L. Rowland, Walhalla T.H. Seed, weetsdnistor t.W. Marett, Weetftlnleter

Fred F. Willlaw, Saeley 0. Max P*rry, Central Ben T. Bay, Saeley F. Van Clayton, Pleken* w.c. Mann, Pleken* B.A. Chapnan, Pleken* 0*0. Christopher, Piekea* Harold Holder* Pleken*

CC. Levi*, Liberty S^ Wyatt, Saeley J.C. Carey, Pleken* Mrs. Kitty Mecrsvy wileoa, Saeley tafW. Senator H.R. Long, RFD ft, Profaerlty Rep. S.S» wheeler, Salad* B.W. Croueh, Saluda M.J. Tarborough, Saluda 1 State Convention Delegatee (1) i^rayifp Ten B. Pearoe, Pear**-Young-Angel Co., Mre. Anne Agnew, 8837 Slesson St* Colunbla Colunftla Jane* H. Haanond, Security Federal Bldg., Jo* I. B*rry, 1340 Sunt*r St., Celuwbic Coluabla Mayor Fred D. Marehall, City Hall, CM. Asbltl, 1888 Heapten St., Colunbi* Colunbi* A.B. Langley, Carolina Life Ins. Co., w. Felix Wheeler, 1881 Qerval* St., Colombia Coluafela J. Stanley Wlllieaeea, 8813 Anheret St., John W« crewe, 1808 Hampton St., Oslusnis Coluahla tew J. Cnraneh, 3504 wilnot Ave., D.H. Winter, Paixetto Building, ColunM* Colunbla Wn. A. MaCnln, Sherrlff** Offl*i San B. Doughton, Forest Drive, CoVxsbla Colunbla D.T. Holt, Saet ver, S. C* Otl* Johnston, 1830 Main St.,

mmB&mSbmUSS&SsLm W.F* Howard, Lynan JnnoeF. Bfpnts, Bp^n.mbui-g Heyt Frlno** Landurn R »H. Moore, Mayo Jeeee W. Boyd, Spartanburg W.M. Carter, Snoree Senator H*W. BaCravy, Spartanburg Clyde Laweott, Pauline, RFD Traey Gain*/, Xnaon R.L. Laving, Paeelet W.B. Champion, Shite Stone T.J. Hendrlx, RFD, Duneaa 8.M. Uigurs, Woodruff Allen Lnanrlght, Spartanburg Beeee Bob©, laebuek C.A. Dixon, Roebuek T. Wright Cox, Woodruff

A Items tee • Brjreon Kea&ett, lanan

ttak ^ w,* M A ^ ^ •• *L * W.D. Bltehell, Landrum Frank Robblns, Cheenee Theame B. Butler, Spartanburg CD. Sateen, Crees Anchor T.M« Lylew, Spartanburg A.D. Smith, RFD, Pauline Dr. 6.8. Moore, Tueapeu D.B. Green, Paoolet A.A* S*t*e, Spartanburg J.8. Brooknan, Reldvllle W.M. S wink, woodruff Leon Moore, Spartanburg J.R. Weotnoreland, Pnenlet Howard Yin*, RFD} Pauline Dr. B.J. Workann, Woodruff

8.X. Bash, Suntnr 8.B. Beyle, Banter J.J. Riley, Sunter J.A. MeKnight, Sunter

C.L. Cuttlno, Sunter w.R. Koele, FlaeMood

M.S. Boykln, Stutter Mayor F.B. Creeeh, Sunter Stat* Convention Delegate* (8) OMIOB

John D. Sem», Buffalo J* F.Walker, Onion T.J. Ciena, Onion A.F. Jordan, Union Dr. F. s. Blair, onion J. Sd. Adans, Suntne yilAMMwWffo,

Ytf5, Arnette, KlngstwTe Lngvtre* 11, Columbia Klngetree ( Klngetree ?. Oreeisyvllle n,\^Teedngway lsternatee KlngXtree, RFD H.wy^Winelow, Klngetree M.B. Mltehtm, RFD, King W.K. Broakington, Klngetree

J.H. Middle, Clover J.M. Footer, MoOennellevlll* W.L. Hill, Jr. Sharon R.M. Mitohell, Sharon 8. A. Robertson, Rook Hill W.R. Bradford, Fort Mill W.8. nieen, Jr., Reek Hill J.B. Karvey, Clever w.L. *allaee, York Alternate* J»M. BarneU, Clever M.L. Biters, MeConnelleville Dr. «.A. Hoed, Hlokery Grove 8.L. Stftir, Sharon Brwin Carethere, Reek Hill Dan. S. Hollle, Reek Hill M.G. R*gers, Fort Mill W.H* Ssdth, Clever R.B. Hllderbrasd Delegate at Large Alternate Judge B. Gettye, Sunn, York John M, Spratt, York

Senator Bdgar *i Blow*, iamweU ties) Mre. A.H. Kinestein, Blaekvllle B.r '•ewMiiiii in i nmijl Thonm* H. Peoples, Blaekvllle Dr. 0*0. Hanstend, Blaekvlli* Magistrata J.w. Cook, Willleien <&0A*w*^4^ s~i v. /slteraatee S.E. Moore, Snwttfhl ^ 6T"r-«*e/ „ H.Z. Maaureky, Barnwell Frank Cave, Barnwell W.H* Manning, Barnwell J.w. Sanders, Great Cypress B.T. Lett, H allag Spring* Dr. A.s. Blanehard, Wliileton G.R. Peoples, Meyers Hill State Convention Delegatee

Senator L.M. Sresaette, St. Matthews Le**^ St* J.A. Merltt, St* K*Uh*ws W.D. Haeatond, St. Matthew* D.H. Banks, St. Matthew* R.O. Geiger, St. Matthew* Dr. S.J. Su*H*ra, Caneren W.F* Shlrer, Fort Hotte A Items tee George 0. Tiiley, Caaeron Dr. D.a. Sturkle. Worth R.C. Snnh*, St. Matthew* H.w. Perrew, Creeten

Dr. James MeLeon, floreno* G. Badger Baker, Florence W.J. Revele, RFD* Florenee

D.H. MeSaohem, Florence Senator Goo. W. Keels* Florenee

C.K. Grlneley, Flomnoe t.H. Mellveea, RFC, Tlmmoncvllle W. Clyde Graham, Panpliee H.T. Floyd, Sffinghan M.B. Hugglne, Tiaaonevllle

Alternatee Pr. w.g. Lynlh, Lane QUy 8» Charlee Green, HaBtw~0Hy R.R. Whitoloek, Lake City «.D. Tyler, Flornne*

0.C. C handler, Florence C.T. MeDonald, Florenee

Dan Clarke, RFD, Flornne* CD. Munn, Panpliee W.H. Courtney, Rffingham L.J. Poeton, Hynpjn Dr. W.R. MoLeoi, TinmanevlUe

Seaatui' Henry R* Six*, Orangeburg Rut. L. Oehorne,~0rangeburg "Julian 8. Wolfe, Orangeburg John H. Campbell, Orangeburg

Dr. M.L. Kelson, Berth G.W. wiiUeawon, Norway 8.8. Wiillane, Korway- MeR. Davie, Norway L.w. Busbee, Springfield O.w. Cope, Cope J.A. Gardner, rtolly Hill W.S. Smith, Roweeviile •W.B. Byrd, BrnnohelUo fbrB*—Oennor, Bowann George WoaUiera>Ji|owwan -Jo* S. Seofre, BlltirjLB Ralph Boyno, Klloree Hlee Ellen Chaplin, Keeeee The Ballot Looks Like This

To Vote For The DEMOC TIC NOMINEE Put An (X) In Circle Under Democrat One Mark Doe, M — Yo« Do Not Have To Vote For Individual Elect***

DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN NOMINATION Put "X" BY PETITION O O Here 0 Adlai E. Stevenson Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight D. Eisenhower PRESIDENT PRESIDENT perc^NT To John J. Sparkmon Richard M. Nixon Nixon VICE-PRESIDENT VICE-PRESIDENT EMT Vote For ) Neville Bennett )F. Bro<*U W ) Wilton E. Hall ) r Democrats ) R. B. Hallman lard ) Edward K. Prrtchard ~>«aRning (FIRST ON THE ) E. P. Riley rfioffatt G. McDonald BALLOT, LEFT ) Collins A. Spivey ) Paul Quattlebaum ) Margaret M. Saber ) Win. S. Reamer, Jr. HAND SIDE) ) Felix Wheeler *#• M. Smith ) E. Edward Wehman, Jr. INSTRUCTIONS: T* vote a straight parly ticker, make a cross 00 *• the circle (O) under the name of your party. Nothing further need or should be done. To vote a mixed ticket, or in other words for candidates of different parties, omit making a cross (X) mark in the party circle at the top and make a cross (X) mark in the voting space ( ) opposite the name of each candidate on the ballot for whom yon wish to vote. If you wish to vote for a candidate not on any ticket, write or place the name of such candidate on your ticket opposite the noma of she office. Be­ fore leaving the beach JtmU the ballet so the* the hMtmh of OM manager may he seen on the outside. ^ (fi£tor obtaining signatures., return this irriodiately to ";.C. Federated Forces, .t301 Hampton Street, Columbia, S.C,} All petitions should be returned by August 12.

PETITION FOR SECRET BALLOT

Hon. J, Stro::i Thurmond Governor of South Carolina Executive Offices Colui'.ibia, South Carolina

Whereas, South Carolina is tho only state in the nation not having a secret ballot lav/ for general elections, and, whereas we believe a secret ballot to be in the best interests of democracy and good government, and whereas, the absence of such a secret ballot may result in undemocratic coercion of electors, we the undersigned citizens of this state respectuflly petition you as Gover­ nor of this state to call the legislature in special session during or before the first week in September, for the purpose of enactin • into law provisions for a secret ballot for general elections in South Carolina.

Respectfully submitted,

ar.ie and Address Name and Address

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^ A**LS3 (Use both s$M& for signatures) (Ax'tcx obtaining signatures, return this immediately to ;.C. Federated Forces, 1301 Hampton Street, Columbia, S.C.', All petitions should be returned by August 12.

PETITION FOR SECRET BALLOT

Hon. J, Strom Thurmond Governor of South Carolina Executive Offices Columbia, South Carolina

Whereas, South Carolina is the only state In tho nation not having a secret ballot lav; for general elections, and, whereas we believe a secret ballot to bo in the best interests of democracy and good government, and whereas, the absence of such a secret ballot may result in undemocratic coercion of electors, we the undersigned citizens of this state respectuflly petition you as Gover­ nor of this state to call the legislature in special session during or before the first week in September, for the purpose of enacting into law provisions for a secret ballot for general elections in South Carolina.

Respectfully submitted,

Name and Address Name and Address

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<*>-*' ' U & •H-OL* C/"M>C* NEGRO HISTORY WEEK

THEME: Strengthening America through Education in Negro History and American Culture

Devotions - Led by Mr. Paul Drummond

Hymn - Battle. Hymn of the Republic - Howe

Introduction of Speaker ~ Mrs. A. B. Weston

Speaker - Mr.' John H. McCray, Reporter for Afro - American Newspaper

Hymn - Lift Every Voice and Sing - Johnson .

MINE EYES HAVE SEEN THE GLORY

Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord; He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stort He hath loosed the fateful lightning of his terrible swift sword; His truth is marching on.

He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreatj He is sifting out the hearts of men before his judgment seat; 0 be swift, my soul, to answer him; be jubilant, my feetl Our God is marching on.

In the beauty of the lilies Christ was born across the sea, With a glory in his bosom that trans-figures you and me; As he died to make men holy, let us die to make men freei While God is marching on.

Refrain Glory, glory! Hallelujah! Glory! glory! Hallelujah! Glory! glory! Hallelujah! His truth is marching on. Amen.

LIFT EVERY VOICE AND SING Lift ev'ry voice and sing, Till earth and heaven ring, Ring with the harmonies of Liberty; Let our rejoicing rise High as the list'ning skies, Let it resound loud as the rolling sea. Sing a song full of the faith that the dark past has taught us, Sing a song full of the hope that the present has brought us Facing the rising sun of our new day begun, Lot us march on till Victory is won. • ' . .

Stony the road we trod, Bitter the chast'ning rod, '*-"""• Felt in the days when hope unborn had died; Yet with a steady beat, Have not our weary feet Come to the place for which our fathers sighef We have come over away that with tears has been watered, . . . We have come treading our path thro1 the blood of the slaughtered, Out from the gloomy past, Till now we stand at last Where the white gleam of our bright star is cast.

God of our weary years, God of our silent tears, Thou who has brought us thus far on the way; Thou who hast by Thy Migh* Led us into the light, Keep us forever in the past, we pray. Lest our feet stray from the places, our God, where we met Thee, Lest our hearts drunk with the wine of the world, we forget - Thee; Shadowed beneath Thy hand May we forever stand, True to our God, true to our native land.

LINCOLN'S GETTYSBURG ADDRESS November 1?., 1863

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlf field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate - we can not consecrate - we can not hallow- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have eonsecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished •

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work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is -rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that-cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that-this- nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth,

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aLtill IJ . . . ' , - - i •. t • •' . • , I . • BALLOT How well is this current administrative staff (those having specific responsibilities) regarded by its co-workers? Indicate by a check under proper caption, your opinion. If you have a suggestion for improvement write it on the beck of paper. -*£-,

APPROVE DISAPPROVE YOUR CHOICE

PRESIDENT Dr.H. E. Wright Jjp *_- DEAN Rev.A. D. Greene 3& n -r_7«i BUSINESS MANAGER Mrs. E. S. Abel (P ± REGISTRAR Mrs. H. L. Gaillard 40 •L DEAN OF MEN Mr. M. Evans £1 ) + 1 DEAN OP WOMEN Mrs. T. Fisher 2(? /V 7/ DIRECTOR, STUDENT WORK AID no R. S, Turner l4> fr 7- DIRECTOR OF PERSONNEL Mrs. C. Haile ^ /_£ ± LIBRARIAN 5 Miss G. Cooke 3d ALUMNI SECRETARY Mr. A. T. Butler n /& t TREASURER i£ Dr. E. A. Adams 23 f RESIDENCE HALL DIRECTORS Mrs. P. B. Walker s iV Mrs. L. Glover 32.3-k i ^ Mrs. E. I. Duckett I Mrs. C. Rice __ __L LeS __- 12. __£_ DEPARTMENTAL CHAIRMEN Mrs. L. 0. Nelson •2- Dr. R. 0. Tallcott 3> i-2. ____! __. JL Mr. Samuel Wright i-2^ /cT Br. Mark Schafer -%o Mr. George Traylor ,_2bTL t T o -__. Dr. Walter Yeh o 70 Mr. J. W. Kalreton 6? Dr. C. Ashanin JZ- Mr. T, B, Nelson .SL__ Mr. Monte* Martin ± __ r—^o—i -2= __ Miss R, B, Kinball >WM»—-«•_- 4••iinnt 2i ^i •*• • •• j mi »—*. n»gn»r<»0-nnj*» Rev. 0. Wilson 7^" T •r& .y- 7r

THANK YOU

• ,-wv.--. . *. vN_. - THE PROGRESSIVE DEMOCRATS OF RICHLAND COUNTY

(Candidates for State Office) - GOVERNOR Vote for One..,

.. Lester L.-Bates -George- Boll Timmcrman, Jr-.

LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR Vote for One

.J. Clator Arrants Erncet F. Holling-s-

ADJUTANT GENERAL Vote for One

JamcB C, Doaior- Paul L. Lorick

COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE Vote for One

Ed B. Baokin- J. Roy Jones

Candidates for County Office

SOLICITOR Vote for One

Claud N. Sapp T. Pou Taylor--

SENATOR Vote for One

Joe E. Berry -A. Fletcher Spigner

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Vote for Eight (8)

George I. Alley- -Dwight Black- -Richard L. Bresland •Hcyward Brookinton- George H. Davis •Sidney D. Duncan- Martha Thomas Fitzgerald Walton H. Greever, Jr. S. Ehea Haskell Benjamin Hopkins W. A. Jeter Ted W. Law, Jr. G. Raymond McElveen -H. D. Montoith Coy Muckle Taylor B. Rion, Jr. Jack W. Tompkinsj Jr.

SUPERVISOR Vote for One

John L. Cotton C.-Lanoy Talbert-

(Over) Candidates for Township and District Offices

COUNTY COMMISSIONER COLUMBIA'TOWNSHIP ' Vote for One; :'

B-T-^W-r^Elestser • -J. Hamp Faulk— Edmund G. Grant "Iiurace T. Jacobs II. T. Medlin - Thuuab D.-Sfctgh-

SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS DISTRICT NO. 1 Vote for Two (2)

WxH-iam-rJ-j—-Keen-any-- Jr. Albert A. Kennedy 0. W. Roberts Caldwell Withers - THE PROGRESSIVE DEMOCRATS OF RICHLAND COUNTY

(Candidates for State. Office) GOVERNOR ' Vote for One

Lester L. Bates -George Boll Timmorman, Jr-.

LIEUTENANT•GOVERNOR Vote for One-

J. Clator Arrants Ernoat" F. Hellings- r- - - ...... ADJUTANT GENERAL Vote for One

James C. Boaier- Paul L. Lorick

COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. Vote for One

Ed B. Baokin- J. Roy Jones

Candidates for County Office

SOLICITOR Vote for One

Claud N. Sapp T. Too Taylor

SENATOR Vote for One

Joe E. Berry A.•Fletcher Spigner

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Vote for Eight (8)

George I. Alley- -Dwight Black- -Richard L. Breeland Hoyward Brockinton- George H. Davis -Sidney D. Duncan- Ifartha Thcmas Fitzgerald Walton H. Greever, Jr. S. Ehea Haskell Benjamin Hopkins W. A. Jeter Ted W. Law, Jr. G. Raymond McElveen H. D. Monteith Coy Muckle Taylor B. Rion, Jr. Jack W. Tompkinsj Jr.

SUPERVISOR Vote for One

John L. Cotton C. Lanoy Talber4^

(Over) -J

Candidates-for Township and District Offices

COUNTY COMMISSIONER COLUMBIA TOWNSHIP Vote for One

B-r-Wi—ELea-ser - •J. Hamp-Faul-k—- - Edmund G. Grant

R. T. Medlin - Thumb D.-Sl-igh-

SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS DISTRICT NO. 1 Vote for Two (2)

William - J. Keen-any-- Jr. Albert A. Kennedy 0. W. Roberts C aldwoll—Withers- McLEOD for SENATE

McLeod Did Not Raise Your Taxes • The people of Columbia District voted the tax in­ McLeod got more farm-to-market roads for Rich­ crease ten to one. land than have ever been obtained before— $2,000,000.00 worth of roads. • Thirty-nine (39) of your fifty-two (52) mills-go for schools. • By returning McLeod to the Senate, Richland will • Look at the new school buildings all over Richland have for the first time in 12 years a representa­ County. Don't destroy your progressive school tive on the Senate Finance Committee. program. • Richland needs this seniority in the Senate. Barn­ • Columbia Hospital is in better condition today than well County, one of the smallest counties in the ever in its history. Columbia Hospital has been State, has enormous influence in the State be­ kept out of politics for the last four years. cause of the seniority of their Senator. • But the average of $100,000.00 per year furnished • McLeod is fair and able. the Columbia Hospital by the Federal Govern­ ment during the war years before McLeod was • McLeod has been honest with the people of Rich­ Senator was cut off in 1947. The delegation land. had to make this up from County funds or • Richland can build influence in State affairs with close its doors to charity patients. McLeod as Senator. • McLeod broke up Senatorial Dictatorship in Rich­ land County. • MOST IMPORTANT—McLeod is running on his own—free of any political obligations. He is • His opponent passed a law and operated under it not backed by a group of politicians who want which gave authority to transfer County money to control Richland for their own personal gain. from one department to another without notice and without a hearing. • His opponent passed the infamous auto tax law • This kept County offficials squarely under the which would require the purchaser of a used Senator's thumb. car to pay the former owners' back taxes be­ fore he could get a license. • McLeod changed this so as not to allow transfer of money without notice and a public hearing. • McLeod, seeing the unfairness of such a law, re­ pealed it. • McLeod voted against and refused all extra pay— he kept his contract with the people of Richland. • McLeod is co-author of the non-political game commission bill. • His opponent voted for and accepted a total of $3,090.00 extra pay while in office. • Don't be fooled by a promise of a reduction in • McLeod fought for democracy as a combat Marine. taxes. The ring opposing McLeod will promise anything to get themselves in office. • McLeod stood for democracy when he accepted the sole responsibility—regardless of the political • McLeod has made an excellent Senator. Keep him effect on himself—of passing the amendment to allow the people of Columbia to vote for their in the Senate and build Richland County. mayor in the democratic way. His opponent • McLeod fought for and passed through the Senate, advocated electing the mayor behind closed a measure providing bi-weekly pay for State doors. employees. Protect your Schools — Vote Tuesday to Re-elect Yancey A, McLeod, Senator Richland County Your Choice: Government in the Open for Public Inspection, or Professional Politicians and Political Intrigue Vote For Yancey A. McLeod Written and Paid For by Friends of Yancey A. McLeod 10 RE-ELECT C. LANEY TALBERT SUPERVISOR RICHLAND COUNTY STATE SENATOR (Vote For One) Walter J. Bristow, Jr. R. Beverley Herbert, Jr. Claud N. Sapp LEGISLATURE (Vote For Eight) C. HEYWARD BELSER JOHN GRIMBALL DWIGHT BLACK ^--THOMAS E. HAIR -n WILLIAM McK. BOWMAN G. RAYMOND McELVEEN EVERETT N. BRANDON ZACH McGHEE SIDNEY D. DUNCAN WILSON MILES TOM ELLIOTT ROBERT L. ROGERS MAKIHA mUMAS MliOCKALU JAMES T. SWINDLER-" ROBERT R. GEORGE .. A. P. WILLIAMS EDMUND G. GRANT OLIVER E. WILLIS — WALTON H. GREEVER, JR.^—

AUDITOR COUNTY COMMISSIONERS (Vote For One) (Vote For One) BLYTHEWOOD SIDNEY S. BLACKBURN W. A. "BOB" JETER W. D. GRIMSLEY JOHNNY MILLS T. D. PALMER CLARENCE E. TAYLOR CENTER TOWNSHIP IKE J. JACOBS SUPERVISOR W. C MAHAFFEY, JR. (Vote For One) T. G. WILSON JOHN L. COTTON COLUMBIA TOWNSHIP C. LANEY TALBERT R. W. ELEAZER J. HAMP FAULK TREASURER LOWER TOWNSHIP (Vote For One) F. E. HEAPE JOE E. BERRY KENNETH B. TAYLOR LOTT LAWSON, JR. SCHOOL COMM. MAGISTRATES DISTRICT NO. 1 (Vote For One) (Vote For Two) BLYTHEWOOD CHARLES D. DAVIS W. E. BONEY W. J. KEENAN, JR. W. H. TURNIPSEED CALDWELL WITHERS SCHOOL TRUSTEE HOPKINS DISTRICT NO. 2 A. E. GANN (Vote For One) SAM K. REESE LINDER BRANHAM DUTCH FORK L. W. CONDER, SR. SMITH BERRY SCHOOL TRUSTEE LOUIE W. HORNSBY DISTRICT NO. 5 CLAUDE F. KOON (Vote For Two) J. L. BRAZELL DENTSVILLE-KILIIAN HERB DAVENPORT H. GORDON MOORE GERALD E. MANNING L. W. SMITH, JR. R. L. SCARBOROUGH WAVERLY J. A. WATTS CAL M. LAWSON CARL E. YOUNG JOHN G. TURPIN JIM H. YOUNG RE-ELECT C. LANEY TALBERT SUPERVISOR RICHLAND COUNTY Gov Jo hn at o n r Lt. GOT. . bank Supt Bd .. 1% r ma 11 Ag Co mm . . Harrelaon Att 'ien McLe o d

Senate .. Sapp House Black Bowman George Grant ]4^lA>^ Greever tTITf fclll weJ1 PVti I- — McGhee lea Rogera W^A^ '.•illiama

Auditor . Blackburn Jeter Taylor

Superv .. Talbert

Treas Berry- rS^

Magi s ... Law son City Cora. Eleazer

Sch 3d ... eenan Wither a

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'• r rfh. Cl<$} — _ / / // „i Petition to the Governor of the State of South Carolina

We the undersigned citizens of Charleston, S. C. and vicinity endorse the state's acquisition of the Fort Multrie area for a state park. We request that a part of the area be developed into ocean front beach resort for Negroes. We also request that a Negro of the Charleston area be appointed to the committee to investigate the state's action in the disposal of the area.

Name & Address Name

PERSONALLY appeared before me, who being duly sworn, deposes and says:

That he is years of age, a citizen, taxpayer, resident, qualified elector and meets all of the requirements for voting in the

City (or Town) of ( >_f County of State of South Carolina; that he has been a resident of said county and state for years; that on or about the day of ,1946, he presented himself for enrollment before the enrollment clerk, one

, for tho club district in Ward number , Precinct numbdr

, of the Democratic Party of _^ County, State of South

Carolina; that upon presenting himself before the said enrollment clerk to be enrolled, he was denied enrollment; that he inquired of the said clerk why he could not enroll; that the said clerk stated to him that he could not enroll because he was a Negro; that the enrollment was for white people only; that he believes that the reason he was denied enrollment was solely on account of his race and color; that at the time he presented himself for enrollment, there wwere present with him , and all nualified electors of the County of and State of South Carolina; that they have been residents of the ss id county and state for more than years; that they also presented them: elves for enrollment before the enrollment clerk; that they were denied; that he believes that they were denied enrollment solely because of their race and color; that the statements msdc herein are true and? correct of his own knowledge

Sworn to before mo this day of 1946

Notary Public for South Carolina (My commission expires at tho pleasure of tho Governor^ £j^a^ -JL.

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l/Jt^J^' ^O^u^ >— ^< r'C STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA) AFFIDAVIT COUNTY OF )

PERSONALLY appeared before me, who being duly sworn, deposes and says:

That he is r years of age, a citizen, taxpayer, resident, qualified elector and meets all of the requirements for voting in the

City (or Town) of imm$ County of __ State of South Carolina; that he has been a resident of said county and state for years; that on or about the day of ,1946, he presented himself for enrollment before the enrollment clerk, one , for the club district in Ward number , Precinct nurabdr _, of the Democratic Party of __^ County, State of South Carolina; that upon presenting himeclf before the said enrollment clerk to be enrolled, he was denied enrollment; that he inquired of the said clerk why he could not enroll; that the said clerk stated to him that he could not enroll because he was a Negro; that the enrollment was •^°r whito people only; that he believes that the reason he was denied enrollmont was solely on account of his race and color; that at the time ho presented himself for enrollment, there w«se present with him .». —. and all nualified electors of the County of and State of South Carolina; that they have been residents of the said county and state for more than _ycars; that they also presented themselves for enrollment before the enrollment clerk; that they were denied; that he believes that they were denied enrollment solely because of their race and color; that the statements made herein are true and correct of his own knowledge.

r-^l».~- — — Sworn to before mo this day of 1946

No tary" Public for Sou th Ca rc 1 iria (My commission expires at tho pleasure of tho Governor) . 3'. /*J^, / 5 9/ f&-~**-~vr^x^&{^a^ts-*_*

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/ J*, c, VOTE FOR W. A. (Bob) JETER For AUDITOR RICHLAND COUNTY STATEWIDE CANDIDATES GOVERNOR STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF 1. A. W. "Red" Bethea EDUCATION 2. Dero Cook 1. Jesse T. Anderson 3. Milton J. Dukes 2. Thomas Woodrow Eatmon 4. Burnet R. Maybank 5. Donald Russell U. S. SENATE LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR 1. Ernest F. Holtings 1. Robert E. McNair 2. Olin D. Johnston 2. Marshall Parker COMPTROLLER GENERAL U. S. HOUSE OF 1. Henry Mills REPRESENTATIVES 2. E. C. Rhodes SECOND DISTRICT ATTORNEY GENERAL 1. J. Ralph Gasque 1. William A. Cook 2. Daniel R. McLeod 2. B. Gerard Hartzog ADJUTANT GENERAL 3. Frank Owens 1. Charles B. Culbertson 4. Albert Watson 2. Frank D. Pinckney 5. Leonard A. Williamson

RICHLAND COUNTY CANDIDATES Legislature DUTCH FORK 1. Louie W. Hornsby State Senator 2. Claude F. Koon 3. James E. Wise (Vote for One) KILLIAN 1. Walter J. Bristow, Jr. 1. H. G. Moore 2. J. Carlisle Oxner 2. L. W. Smith, Jr. GARNERS House of Representatives 1. James A. Amick (Vote for Ten) 2. J. R. Davis 1. Hey ward Belser Commissioner 2. Owens T. Cobb, Jr. (Vote for One) 3. John L. Cotton COLUMBIA TOWNSHIP 4. David A. Fedor 1. Leo ("Skipper") Downs 5. Martha Thomas Fitzgerald 2. R. W. (Bob) Eleazer 6. Edmund G. Grant CENTER TOWNSHIP 1. W. C. Mahaffey, Jr. 7. Crosby Lewis 2. J. E. Starling 8. C. Heath Manning 3. T. G. Wilson 9. Heyward E. McDonald HOPKINS TOWNSHIP 1. Lewis G. Chappell 10. G. Raymond McElveen 2. Col. L. O. Field 11. Francis L. Rawl 3. W. A. McDonald 12. S. Watson Talbert 4. J. W. Parnell 5. Charles E. Potts 13. f. Ellison Walker KILLIAN TOWNSHIP 14. D. M. ("Mac") Winter, Jr. 1. Heyward H. Lovett 15. Henry G. Yonce 2. T. D. Palmer DUTCH FORK TOWNSHIP Auditor 1. George V. Boozer (Vote for One) 2. Roland F. Metze 1. Joe P. Barnett LOWER TOWNSHIP 2. J. M. Earhardt 1. F. E. Heape 3. W. A. "BOB" JETER 2. Kenneth B. Taylor Magistrate School Comm. DISTRICT NO. 1 (Vote for One) WAVERLY (Vote for Two) 1. William McKinley Bowman 1. Jimmy C. Bales 2. Dr. Aubrey E. Brooks 2. John B. "Jack" Halloran 3. W. E. McNulty, Jr. 3. Mose Hill Mobley 4. Caldwell Withers 4. Lex Watson OLYMPIA School Trustee 1. Roy L. "Buck" Hilliarcl DISTRICT NO. 2 2. J. B. (Jency) Knox (Vote for Two) BLYTHEWOOD 1. Charles W. Branham 1. Horace W. Shealy 2. Mrs. Clyde (Daisy) Branham 2. Wade Hampton Turnipseed 3. Jess J. Bullard, Jr. EASTOVER 4. Lonnie B. Nelson 1. F. C. Hill 5. Mildred M. Oldham 2. C. W. Scott 6. William F. Smith, Jr. HOPKINS 7. Richard Wayburn 1. A. E. Gann 8. J. R. Wilson 2. Sam K. Reese DISTRICT NO. 5 PONTIAC (Vote for Two) 1. Warren S. Compton 1. Jesse Johnson 2. A. I. Jacobs 2. Paul C. LaRosa 3. Lawrence Koenig 3. A. Talley Moore 4. Dovid B. Winn 4. Joseph Stroy s" —f f XN

«-* / \> ?> 2 S" * S' -+ 1^ ~i s" «?~~ ^-X) VOTE FOR W. A. (Bob) JETER For AUDITOR RICHLAND COUNTY STATEWIDE CANDIDATES GOVERNOR STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF 1. A. W. "Red" Bethea EDUCATION 2. Dero Cook 1. Jesse T. Anderson 3. Milton J. Dukes 2. Thomas Woodrow Eatmon 4. Burnet R. Maybank 5. Donald Russell U. S. SENATE LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR 1. Ernest F. Hollings 1. Robert E. McNair 2. Olin D. Johnston 2. Marshall Parker COMPTROLLER GENERAL U. S. HOUSE OF Henry Mills 1. REPRESENTATIVES 2. E. C. Rhodes ATTORNEY GENERAL SECOND DISTRICT 1. J. Ralph Gasque 1. William A. Cook 2. Daniel R. McLeod 2. B. Gerard Hartzog ADJUTANT GENERAL 3. Frank Owens 1. Charles B. Culbertson 4. Albert Watson 2. Frank D. Pinckney 5. Leonard A. Williamson

RICHLAND COUNTY CANDIDATES Legislature DUTCH FORK Louie W. Hornsby State Senator Claude F. Koon James E. Wise (Vote for One) KILLIAN 1. Walter J. Bristow, Jr. H. G. Moore 2. J. Carlisle Oxner ' * I. W. Smith, Jr. GARNERS House of Representatives James A. Amick (Vote for Ten) J. R. Davis 1. Heyward Belser Commissioner 2. Owens T. Cobb, Jr. (Vote for One) 3. John L. Cotton COLUMBIA TOWNSHIP 4. David A. Fedor Leo ("Skipper") Downs R. W. (Bob) Eleazer 5. Martha Thomas Fitzgerald CENTER TOWNSHIP 6. Edmund G. Grant W. C. Mahaffey, Jr. 7. Crosby Lewis J. E. Starling 8. C. Heath Manning T. G. Wilson 9. Heyward E. McDonald HOPKINS TOWNSHIP Lewis G. Chapped 10. G. Raymond McElveen Col. L. O. Field 11. Francis L. Rawl W. A. McDonald 12. S. Watson Talbert J. W. Parnell Charles E. Potts T3. £. Ellison Walker KILLIAN TOWNSHIP 14. D. M. ("Mac") Winter, Jr. Heyward H. Lovett 15. Henry G. Yonce T. D. Palmer DUTCH FORK TOWNSHIP Auditor George V. Boozer (Vote for One) Roland F. Metze 1. Joe P. Barnett LOWER TOWNSHIP 2. J. M. Earhardt F. E. Heape 3. W. A. "BOB" JETER Kenneth B. Taylor Magistrate School Comm. DISTRICT NO. 1 (Vote for One) WAVERLY (Vote for Two) 1. Jimmy C. Bales William McKinley Bowman 2. John B. "Jack" Halloran Dr. Aubrey E. Brooks 3. Mose Hill Mobley W. E. McNulty, Jr. 4. Lex Watson Caldwell Withers OLYMPIA School Trustee 1. Roy L. "Buck" Milliard DISTRICT NO. 2 2. J. B. (Jency) Knox (Vote for Two) BLYTHEWOOD Charles W. Branham 1. Horace W. Sheaty Mrs. Clyde (Daisy) Branham 2. Wade Hampton Turnipseed Jess J. Bullard, Jr. EASTOVER Lonnie B. Nelson 1. F. C. Hill Mildred M. Oldham 2. C. W. Scott William F. Smith, Jr. HOPKINS Richard Wayburn 1. A. E. Gann J. R. Wilson 2. Sam K. Reese DISTRICT NO. 5 PONTIAC (Vote for Two) 1. Warren S. Compton Jesse Johnson 2. A. L. Jacobs Paul C. LaRosa 3. Lawrence Koenig A. Talley Moore 4. David B. Winn Joseph Stroy otj

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RICHLAND COUNTY CANDIDATES Legislature DUTCH FORK Louie W. Hornsby Claude F. Koon State Senator James E. Wise (Vote for One) KILLIAN 1. Walter J. Bristow, Jr. H. G. Moore 2. J. Carlisle Oxner I. W. Smith, Jr. GARNERS House of Representatives James A. Amick (Vote for Ten) J. R. Davis 1. Heyward Belser Commissioner 2. Owens T. Cobb, Jr. (Vote for One) 3. John L. Cotton COLUMBIA TOWNSHIP 4. David A. Fedor Leo ("Skipper") Downs 5. Martha Thomas Fitzgerald R. W. (Bob) Eleazer CENTER TOWNSHIP 6. Edmund G. Grant W. C. Mahaffey, Jr. 7. Crosby Lewis J. E. Starling 8. C. Heath Manning T. G. Wilson 9. Heyward E. McDonald HOPKINS TOWNSHIP Lewis G. Chappell 10. G. Raymond McElveen Col. L. O. Field 11. Francis L. Rawt W. A. McDonald J. W. Parnell 12. S. Watson Talbert Charles E. Potts 13. E. Ellison Walker KILLIAN TOWNSHIP 14. D. M. ("Mac") Winter, Jr. Heyward H. Lovett 15. Henry G. Yonce T. D. Palmer DUTCH FORK TOWNSHIP Auditor George V. Boozer (Vote for One) Roland F. Metze 1. Joe P. Barnett LOWER TOWNSHIP 2. J. M. Earhardt F. E. Heape 3. W. A. "BOB" JETER Kenneth B. Taylor School Comm. Magistrate DISTRICT NO. 1 (Vote for One) (Vote for Two) WAVERLY William McKinley Bowman 1. Jimmy C. Bales Dr. Aubrey E. Brooks 2. John B. "Jack" Halloran W. E. McNulty, Jr. 3. Mose Hill Mobley Caldwell Withers 4. Lex Watson OLYMPIA School Trustee 1. Roy L. "Buck" Hilliard DISTRICT NO. 2 2. J. B. (Jency) Knox (Vote for Two) BLYTHEWOOD Charles W. Branham 1. Horace W. Shealy Mrs. Clyde (Daisy) Branham 2. Wade Hampton Turnipseed Jess J. Bullard, Jr. EASTOVER Lonnie B. Nelson 1. F. C. Hill Mildred M. Oldham 2. C. W. Scott William F. Smith, Jr. HOPKINS Richard Wayburn J. R. Wilson 1. A. E. Gann 2. Sam K. Reese DISTRICT NO. 5 PONTIAC (Vote for Two) 1. Warren S. Compton Jesse Johnson 2. A. L. Jacobs Paul C. LaRosa 3. Lawrence Koenig A. Talley Moore 4. David B. Winn Joseph Stroy ••1

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i&DHSoo . Frank Clark, Little Misto, O 3am Gasden 96 Jefferson Jones 95 lathias -J ohns on 99 James Heed 97_ Rebecca Grant 101

cOLNS ISIAIJI Jerry Blake 320 Hanna Blake 321 John B. Lai.each 367 Allen xtxmas. Brewer 341 Ural Br ever x&$ 3

Wadmalaw Island Siena Jenkins 185 Arthar Jenkins 124 Cornelia Bligen 126 Henry Gibbs 110 Sylvia Brown 136 John Cum ings 137 Peter Prasier 131 Marcia V. Marion 140 3lida Cummings 132 Seymom Gadidea 129 Prank Gr imp all Julia Singleton IIS Rebecca Patterson 134 Joe Mathers 135

n 3^ St. Micheal anft St/.; Philip's Parish

flame Reg. l-"o• • John cum lings 1315 Joe Duncan 683 Laura Oliver loifo ary Mosley 1318 Peter J. Sdwardo 382 Joseph Davis 1178 Marie Gregory 722 ... D. Pringle/^7 Annabelle Doctor 1147 "amea clover 596 Lloyd Grunt 575 Batelle Shipp///* Albertha Faber Io76 /Charles Harris Ml Matthew Grant 1047 969 ' James Bowman 7 fir ^ames clover 276 /0/7 Geneve cueste 1150 Daniel Brovm James Ein.es 1060 John Gathers 828 Clarence Bradley//?? Jennie Mae 0a-£&38*d 848 Iter Richburg 1028 James Footman ^^ Jamel Ravnell 1038 .bevy Hurt 556 ^lixabeth Ravnell 1034 Christpher Joy 193 \ ..illiam B. Prlleau 768 ithel Joy 194 \ /) A 1 Both Prlleau IIOI Johnie Oneal 1081 \UJLMIMLJJU/ Ih oma s B ewman 716 Joseph Patterson 775 Henry Mc Cants 1089 John rfilliama 1085 v\ ^ Albertha Faber 1076 Nancy Shipper 585 carrie Gibson 766 :lvire ..nshingt onl063 Carrie Bundford 807 Hath ffiiiiams 1157 : dw ar d D imsf o r d 749 Albertha Owens 1090 Albertha W. Grant 1091 LAD SON John Simmons 1073 Louise Hill 126 **a*j5ft**!rftiS* *»MF* ._ . _yatt 149 W. D. king 1067 Henry Wright 1064 Lottie Smith 723 . Willie Smith 1087 Richland Chandler 144 lo u i se Singlet en 1137 w. Woodward 112 3 MIDLAND Lucille La Prince 1127 Myrtle Maxwell 165 Elijah Williams 1132 Fortune Waring 3 Rem Mo Cants 1134 Elizabeth Butler 1135 Alice Bt Smalls 1136 Lavania Adams 1148 %mabelle Doctor 1147 Lincolnvillo Geneva Gran$ 1150 eatrice Carol1 150 lily Williams 1154 Leien I oik 14 Isabelle Edwards 492 Ida Rose 147 irie *1Y1E White 1174 J. B. Davis 1178 Mary G. Anderson 1188 - « James Brown 119 3 Madalie P. Walker 1*94 Olarance Bradley 1199 /of Bramaline 8immens 1003 - Bleuise Richburg USE .. G. Brown 776 Helen Joy 777 Helen Chiselm 1140 Julia B. West 1143 Joseph Patterson 775 Sadie Fyall 791 Clear Lee Way 1149 Leroy Vanderhor ot 1152 Rev. James Ravnell 1034 Edna Ellis 1157 Hebeoca Johnson 1158 84onera Bradley 721 Martha T. Hanig- ult 1156 Eattie H. Fisher 1268 Roscoe Prince 1271 Charlotte lotsen 1273 311a "ashington 1275 Johnny Gathers 828 Julius Gaillard 1033 Lawrenc e J ohnson 1103 Lillian Ferguson 1294 Henry Perry 1293 Leroy Selfair 1288 Minnie Aiken H7I Baginia Br 07.11 589 B.H. Breds 1077 Blixabeth Brown 1086 John W Cammings 823

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J Mt Pleasant Names -eg. Be. Bmr. W. Murray 4§& ,,cfltJ 3 -lomn Mazyk 468 146^ Mary Cilmore 465 Mary L. Johnson 464 Perry Smith 466 John Meyers 461 Lena Goodwater 452 Loufrasier Rouse 453 J. L. Rouse 455 isac Gathers 454 Lena Richardson 457 Sallie Horry 456 John I. Walker 458 Geneva Grant 458 Rosa Braynt 460 Lawrence Braynt 473 S. S.Wigfall 475 Mildred Wigfall 474 Mary Brice 430 Geneva gvans 437 Mary Edwards 433 Grayce Horry 444 Martha Jenkins 445 Margurite Johnson 432 Pauline Johnson 434 John Johnson 431 Anna Miller 439 Eliza Marry 436 Stella Porcher ^435 Leceus Rouse 389 Berstine Smith 440 . Beatrice Walker 44# (*#/ Florence Wigfall 446 Mr. Walter Snype 3o7 Venus F. Murray *'° Mary i>rown 4'° Dianna Parker J,L° LilliaBtta Clifforn Parked r 4'D Josephine Brown 4£3 Georgianna Miller 434482

Jfcllus_Boneumbe 571 John Purman 572 Daniel German 492 Henry,Davis 495 Daniel German Jr. 496 7 0 Bioiae White 505 Ben Wilson 497 Gladys Brown 498 John Rouse 502 Edward Rossm 522 Virginia Singleton Rebecca Johnson 524 -ompson 508 Leola Meyers 509 Sam Edwards 516 Mike Turner 517 Janie Lee Harlsston 450 Lawrence Huger 483 Henry Singletin 482 William Alston 485 Lee Campbell 487 Lobb-F$l5d- Ford 486 James Bostick 490 Robt. Huger 491 Fames \i\ Addresses Reg. No, Ward 5 *** Charles Burton £0 Wall Streat 287 M. S. Franklin 21 "A" Lawrence " 311 Marie M. Fleming LSI Calhoun " 320 Elizabeth Glover 74 Anson " 325 Joseph P. Green 77 Concord 331 Artemas Haynea 10I Anson 299 Victoria Berne 91 "D" Concord 320 ? Helen Miller 108 Anson 298 Johan A. Robinson 18 Marsh 284 Adeline Russell 44 Alexander 305 Clarence Washington 16 "H" Washington 324 Cornelia Barkley 300 Florence Simpkins 335

Ward 4 Fredericks C Jenkins 61 Log ami St. 113 694 Edna G. Jenkins 61 Logan 695 Jehannah J. Clark B n it IBlah Middleton 70i Beaufain 691 Allen Manigault 74 Beaufain 676 Solina preen 14 Short 745 Joseph N. Carroll 59 Radcliffe 979 Samuel Wast on Mary James 18 Short 181 Carmel Brown 26 Clifford 268 Percy L. Howard 153 Qu-en 820

Ward 3 Sadie Jones 8 4ueen 346 John Brooks 7 Camber land 385 Louise Brooks n n 385? Henry Brooks 6 Cumberland 381

Ward 2 H. W. Lowdwr 6 Weems Ct. 1121

Ward I Lola Kennedy 7 Church 358 Sarah Evans » ii 318 Mildred C. Bradley I Price Alley 317 Reg. No. Ward 7 Names addressee 1857 Ophelia Alston 3 Henrietta Street • 329 Viola Amaker 9P Drake • 3«4 ,mrd J. Brown 66 Calhoun • 330 Martha Brown 4 Elizabeth 19 Henrietta • 301 yiorence iidgefield 303 Lixlie W. Prayer 67 Alexanuer H 43 Mary • 300 W. W. Jones 210 Jilonora Logan 4 js2izabech • « * • 355 Louise Logan N 276 Pauline Miller II John G, M. Moultrie 25 Alizabeth • 2^4 x*i.ouise Jenkins 121 Calhoun « 356 ttnlo Jackson 80 Calhoun m 292 Ploriue Duval 52 Chapel ft 295 H. xr. doctor 17 Cnapel 293 Aloise Barron 4 JSlizabeth ft** Noani iilliaju 13 karsh ft m James Washington 108 America ft 292 John Robinson 18 Marsh ft 284

lard 6 643 Pearl Dykes 37 Coining Street 55 Coming • 668 Simaa Gourdine 664 Launa Gourdine •• ft « 56 Coming 423 Phi-lip Horry 655 Helen Macbeth 59 St. Philip

Alfredia Clark 121 Calhoun n 283 Rev. Curry x Wentworth 405 earl Kinloch 69 Pitt 385 Janie Smalls 50 "A* Coming 408

JY Ward 9 Names Addresses Reg . No, Theresa Matthews 67 SoUbh Street 461 Cathrine Meggett 97 Drake ii 205 Elizabeth Lucas 64 America n 463 Francis La Prince 19 D Drake f 452 Charles Hamilton 69 South n 447 Dodothy Gaillard 29 Cooper it 196 Nettie Chapman Ho America ft 445 Badie Burroughs 62 Hanover II 199 Sam 27 Cooper II 443 Albertha Aiken 110 America 454 Lucille Mitchell 76 Hanover n 188 Scipio Gadsden 19 uQn Drake it 433 Laura Davis 49 South n 68 Josephine Chaplin 7"C" Drake it 442 Maty Blake 40 Blake it 190 James Brown 170 "Crt Jackson St 189 Louise Brown 104 America it 193 Lottie Alston 9 "C" Drake it 441 Rev. D. N. Wilson 21 Hampden St. 939 Flossie Wilson ii n it 138 Benjamin White 108 ^mericttS" 4305 Perry Scott 5E South M 434 ? Walters"immons 9MCW Drake tt 297 Althea Stewart 52 Chapel it 297? Wilhelraina Shaw 104 ""merica ti 192 Pricillia Richardson 3"F" South tt 437 Walter Pepper 49 Amherst it 437?

Ward 8

John A. Mc Fall 153 Ashley Ave. 481 Thomas R. Lockwood 148^ Coming Street 409 Adele Lawrence 24 Lucas " 444 Rupert Lawrence II it it 403 Alexander Jones 148 Coming • 415 Ruth Johnson I Murphy Ct. 395 Mattie Gaillard 8 Palmetto • 428 Thomas Gaillard n H n 426 Cora Edwards 103 St. Philip » 394 Benjamin Drayton 7i Palmetto 419 Ruth Coulter 129 South • 396 Mary Cut!is 23 Palmetto " 484 Cinderella Coaxum 24 Lucas " 437 Isabel e Coaxum n it ii 443 Alma Blake 179 Rutledge Ave. 466 aulia Bryant 30 President St, 476 Leroy Brown ii Palmetto • 414 Margurite Bryan 66 St. Philip 1 416 Louis Brown 153 Coming " 387 Laura Mc Fall 5 Palmetto " Io46 Hattie Govan 106 Smith " 398 Samuel Govan If W H 399 Mary Rivers 52 Mill w 728 Allen Williams 29 Radcliffe " 435 Ruby Young I2-§- Palmetto 433 -Jnau Young 434 S3 Reg. No, Ward 10 Names Addresses 1084 Ben Anderson II4I Meet ing Street ii 1088 Eloise Anderson 46 poinsette it 1090 Levi Anderson 75 C Johnson 8 Cedar St 1092 Paul Bonaparte 1107 Annie Brown 12 • " III2 Rachel Brown II it »• Aaron Brown 729 Meeting it 1139 Idella Calvin 7W. Brigade ii 1100 Carter C. Deas 36 F. it 1128 Viola B. Deas 36 »F" it 1129 Thomas Glenn 3 "A" tt 1087 Hattie Gadsden 11 Line II 1115 Walter Hutchinson //Addison II 1054 in/loses Jenkins 18 "F" 1 285 Fredericka Jackson 67 Lee tt 1085 Emily Johnson 40 Cedar n 1124 A. Mc Honey 23 Wolfe it 205 Melvin Whaley 1067 Edward Wright 1066 Thelma B. Edwards 1065 Simon P. Montgomery 1162 Mary Haynes I First it II6I Benjamin Haynes 1064 Daniel Lebitue 199 Jackson it 1066 jissie Maybank 584 King it 1058 I. I. Mayor 49 Hanover ti 439 Peter Chisilm 170 Jackson n 199 St. Julian Divine 60 Cooper 191 Rosa Bellinger 9 Cedar it 993 Lee Brunson 3E Brigade it 1074 Rev. Stewart Anderson 46 Poinsette it M 261 Evelyn Boyd 22 »F 1 1071 Rosabel^e Campbell 62 Nassau V 2 440 Adele Chisolm 43 Line tt 1072 Edna White 3 Lenox n 794 Julian Pinckney 40 Poinsette it 1070 Lena Scott II Nassau St. 200 8. t>ease 82 ^assau it 629 James Seay 21 »H" tt 1062 James Seawright 14 Walnut tt 1064 Muzetta Taylor 36 «HM N 1067 S. H. Scott , II Nassau if 435 Titus Wayman 14 WC" n 1645 it it n 1648 MjMa^yior 36 "H" street 332 ti j n it 16 II Addison tt 958 Claudia Matthews 62 Nassau n 272 Mary Frasier 37 Columbus ti 1073 Bessie M. Roper 29 "C" Strent 1175 Ruth Elloitt 56 "J" Hartis 1172 One 11 Canty 17 "F" II7I Ward 9 Names Addresses Reg. No. Elizabeth Lewis 64 Armherst Street * 463 Elijah Poinsette 38 South tt 381 Ethel White Io8 Americas II 60 Mary L. White n tt ti 159 Leroy Gllliad 59 Cooper 162 Herbert Norton 104"F" Johnson n 988 *§*§** Here ales L. LeWin 64 Americus ti 137 $m* Rebecca Barnwell Io9 Hanover it 216 John Walker 63 *BB Americas 475 John Grayson 43 Amherst 476 W. Brooks 3"f^ South 473 William B. Grayson 89 Columbus 71 Vasthi urayson n ii 72 13 Ward II Names Addr^sfies Reg. Ne,

Louise Coaxum 18 Felix Street 447 R. Collins 105 Line it 1092 Henrietta Clark 195 Smith it 490 Robert Duncan Line it 1155 Eugenia Duncan 6 Bogard it 1898 Ruby De* Barr 272 St. Philip « 2001 William De Barr 272 St. Philip » 2003 Vivian Duncan 221 St. Philip • 1938 Margaret Deas 48 Mill Street 438 Pinckney B. Ezekiel AB&loy Ave. 1059 Anna Fields 248 Coming Street 1867 Margaret Foxeworth 5 Park it 1939 Thaddeus Frasier Line it 1947 Michael J. Graves 14 Felix it 448 Ernest Grant 32 Percy II 1782 Leroy Gregory 6 Park N 1999 John Gregory 6 Park n 2002 Annie Anderson 157 Smith tt 44^ T. G. Alson 223 St. Philip •• 1857 Vera Adams 230 St. Philip • I860 B. T. Adams 8 Porters Ct. 1994 Isiah Bash 248 doming Street 1207 Francena Hash tt II it 1676 Angilia Brown 31 Coming tt 456 Sarah Boston 21 Percy it 1851 Mazie Brown 78 Line St. 1783 J. C. Berry 34 Morris it 467 Thomas Brown 20 Sires it 2004 J. E. Beard 18 Felix 303 Sampson Brown 74 Ashe n 2007 Thaddeus Coakley 28 Morris it 427 M. Nicholas Cooper 70 ashe tt 1859 John L. Chi sola 2 Park tt 1864 Mable Graham 482 Paul Green 30 Morris n 331 Anna Hudson 7i ^ogard it 1865 Alice Hamilton 31 Cannon it 450 Fredericka Hollins 190 Line tt 968 Ldith Howard 44 Ashe it I9II Eva Johnson 89 uannon it 466 Laura Jones I3t Morris n 495 Beulah Jenkins 32 Cannon it 1924 Ethel Johnson 148 Line ? 1993 Hannah Monroe 163 Coming ii 142 n II Mc Kinsy « 426 Robert Morrison 179 Coming it 428 Ruth Mc Cottry 35 Percy it 1908 Lucille Mc Clay 89 Cannon it 418 Martha Moultrie 139 Congress tt 1923 Rosa Mafctin 26 Morris tt 1973 Calvin B. Matthews 24 Bogard it 1159 Anna Nelson 18 Felix it 446 Thomasina Finch 181 Romney it 2047 Eloise Smalls Coming it 2046 Margaret Jones 2055

Joe Huggins 32 $ercy H. C« Houston 182 Edward Jones 442 58 Ashe n 1821 Peter Johnson 78 Line it 1442 Rosa Johnson 238ot. Philip ti 1871 Peter Sackson 7 Park o 1795 Carrie Kelly 54 Line N 1076 David Kennedy 52 Ashe It 1822 Evelyn Mahoney 56 Ashe ft 425 Lottie Maybank 56 Ashe 425 ? (/£ ±Q-°\ Ward II Continued

James Anderson 157 Smith Street 440 P. T. Bianchi 30 Percy " 1823 Albert Brown Maverick " 1826 Isac Brown 78 Line • 1065 A. J. Clement 72 Ashe 1 1792 Collier Bradford 91 Line " 1768 Geneva Dansby 8 Dewey * 1771 Rev. Tiller 432 Evelina Gourdine 5 Park " 1835 Cherrie Green 16 Porters Ct. 1829 Oliver Mitchell I Park " 1790 Mattie Mitchell H If It 17 91 Isadora Mitchell 56 Line n 1069 David Mills 35 Bose Lane 1814 Nancy Mitchell 78 Line " 78 Rosa Pinckney 66 Line " 1815 Elizabeth Houston 14 Morris " 437 Gertrude Simmons II Mavarick " 1833 Rebecca Simmons 12 Morris " 1818 Margurite Smalls 30 Cannon w 434 John A. Harris 3 Bogard • 1040 434? Eva Palmer 177 doming • Ethel Price 407 27 St. Philip " 1824 Cora Lee Rhodes 91 Morris James Robinson 1794 22 Dewey " 204 Lucius Robinson 219 Coming " Vermelle Rolland 4797 68 Ashe " 1030 Eliza Seabrook 83 Spring H

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Joseph Broderick 22 Percy • 2088 Saunders Rambert 101 Romney • 2114 50 Ashe " MgsfFfie-^udson II Park " 2092 Preston Day ^;35 Coming Joe Washington 135 Shepherd 1898 Ulander iurner 2083 Leon Brovni 30 Morris ifi Battie Broderick 2I 2 Perccarriery s StCt. . 2118 S. W. Brov.ii 218 St. Philip 453 Viola B. Miller 40 Ashe 2115 Margaret Scott 62 Line 2093 W. Cocham 166 St. Philip 514 Mable 0. Bazell 174 Smith 506 Georgie Smalls 62 Line 2078 Erdelle Duncan 176 Coming 508 John Glover II Morris 509 Nathaniel Simmons 49 Bogard 1654 \qo 5/W/j E/ i'i.aUir\ }ieichen )(/

£ tf, Adams r?6r+ersct }fii)liam S/7>/fA Jf3 Romenu Jof> f $0 Spring /333

Evelyn Q. Bayne-5 do Sfhnq \~33Lf £"3 Sprjno )b30 3 Booar-^ S99 s\ Ward 12 Names Addresses li Reg. No, David Hines 310 Ashley Ave. 428 Camille Hogan 376 Race Street 1769 Lawrence Hogan 1770 Henrietta Jones 58 Ahaey Ave. 1836 Julius Moultrie 139 Congress Street 1793

Vint, or i a Mntltkawg, 266 fi&ahjffiff--;. Aya*«~ Arthur Merell 56 ken; edy Street 394 G. B. Mitchell 426 Race • 705 Victoria Matthews 266 Ashley Ave. 813 Geraldine Mc Coy I05i Line Street 1820 Daisy Meekin 133 Line • 183 W. L. Nelson 468 Race " 815 george Carter 242 Ashley Ave. 975 Joseph Duncan 291 • " 805 Jannie Green 3 Rosemont Street 709 Alice Alston 6 * » 712 George Addison 464 Race • 110 Ella Albany 16 Lames " 758 Isac Blake 179 Rutledge Ave. 421 Ralph Grant 969 Augusta Pinckney 26i Krackie St. 814 Lucille Simmons 127 Line • 1819 Geneva Singleton 93 Songrtss w 1834 Oswald Johnson 117 Line • 1002 Juanita Joiner 327 Ashley Ave 700 Melvina Johnson 212 Fishburne » 788 E. H. Jenkins 11 Krackie » 841 Sadie Jones 23 Nunan « 346 Charlotte Jackson 427 Race " 829 Harriet Johnson 12 Alway " 823 Melvin Jackson 427 Race » 950 Annie Jeffcoat 12 Larnes " 725 Emily Hutchinson 4 Chestnut n 765 James Huger 8 Krackie " 1081 Zara D. G Hamilton 32 Ashton » 780 Mamie Haynes 325 Ashley Ave. 902 Adelle Houston 216 President " 893 Essie Hastin 158 Line " 869 Edward Howard 237 Ashley Ave. 804 Beulah Howard ti tt it 966 Cathrine Hicks 4 Hampton PI 802 Ethelyn Harper 158 Line " 845 Oliver Hasell 8A Alway " 730 John Howard 9 Fludd it 819 E_len xHarley 12 Jasper it 389 Francis Hanner 153 Ashley Ave. 420 Mamie Geddis 12 Rosemont " 991 Sarah Green 22 Ashtoh • 834 Beulah Garrett 307 Ashjey Ave. 978 Matilda Gamble 403 Sumter » 973 Joseph Garrett 307 Ashley Ave. " 912 Lauretta Green 5 Larnes M 659 Jessie Gibbs I Nunan " 887 Noami Garrett 307 Ashley Ave. 998 Edna Garrett n it n 977 R.O. Gadsden 553 " " 901 Ransom Gadsden 20 Larnes " 901 Marjorie Newton 8 Norman " 842 Henry Newton 8 it n 732 Emily Murray 109 Bogard • 835 George Manigault 101 president Pi 957 Annabelle Manigault 509 Sumter St 886 Hattie Mack 30 Johnson Ct. ft***?*!*** 882 William Miller 426 sumter '» 868 David Mack 418 Sumter » 951 ts^r Ward 12 Carlotta Mikell 208 President Street 786 Helen Middlenton 147 President M 801 Jam.esMatthews 266 Ashely Ave. 980 Samuel Miller 377Ashley • 964 Edward Memminger % Hampton Ct. 960 ANNA Mosley 318 Ashley Ave. 807 Sarah Mott 247 Ashley " 824 Joseph Moore 15 B Krackie St. 809 Thomas***—A. La Saine 16 • n 796 Valencia Lewis 10 Chinquapin • 621 Lillian Lee 281 Ashley Ave. 882 Jesse Ladson 10 Williams Ct. 983 Mary Levine 185 Fishburne St. 1005 Georgia Mae Ladson 184 President " 950 David Melvin Lewis 10 Chinquapin • 611 Alice Lewis 420 Race " 926 Lavania Lewis 24 Johnson '• 704 Joseph Kinloch 183 Line w 306 W. H. Kennedy 5 Larnes M 885 George King 555 Rutledge Ave. 337 Elizabeth Kitchen 149 Congress St. 819 Lavania Johnson 215 "Fishburne " 836 Minnie °ohnson 47 Kennedy " 999 Rebecca Johnson 22 Sires » 1894 W. 8. Boone 457 Race " 908 Mary Bradford 103 Bogard »• 890 Anna Brown 249 Ashley Ave 888 Li-lie Bowen 147 Spring » 753 Arthur Blunt 35 Nunan " 987 Margaret Bradford 8 Nunan I 770 Mattie Brooks 157 President • 760 Ossie iBryd Krackie • 832 n W. D. Bradford 63 Nunan (208) 208 Corine Bradford II it n 209 Ida Brown 7 Larnes " 877 Delphine Brown 395 Sumter '» 800 Thomas J. Brown 65 Nunan n 87 Rosetta Brown it it it 783 Lottie Brown 146 President 822 E.L. Bowen 147 Spring «?6**e)tl«?*A**t 832 Mae E. Brown 270 Ashley Ave. 831 Elizabeth Brown 8 Norman st. 811 Georgianna Anderson 40 Alway " 759 James Ellison 195 Line " 837 Essie DraytOn II Rosemont " 766 Antwerp Duncan 212 Fishburne 974 J. D. Diggs 36 Kennedy 784 Willie Drayton 187 Line 806 Eugenia Drayton 501 Rutledge AVe, 826 "illiam Delesline 519 w • 820 Martha Dead 118 Jjogard St. 267 Dorothy Dublin 571 Rutledge Ave. 697 John uollins 113 President St, 761 Naomi Corbin 318 Ashley Ave. 866 Mamie Clement 130 Bogard " 899 Orrie Carter 403 Sumter • 992 Edwad Chisolm 1 Alway " b90 Frederick J. Cook 803 Lillian Carroll 181 Spring 27 Kennedy 979 Eva Copeland 687 Hattie Parker 17 Ashton 2 Chestnut 971 percola Bryd 910 Harriett German 14 Krackie 5 Larnes 984 Hazell Garrett 979 Thelma Grant 307 Ashley Ave. 948 Vivian Gadsen 6 Islington Ct. 799 89 President Sarah German 55 A Norman 696 J. P. Green 5 Rosemont 812 William Green 56 B. Norman 521 Virgie German 170 President 697 n X) Ward 12

Evelyn Gadsen 20 Larnes Street 967 Georgianna Green 31 Alway u 706 Herman Green 9 FludcL " 731 Anna 3. Gadsen 253 Ashley Ave. 828 Hattie Green 501 Rutledge • 825 Lottie Frasier 294 Ashley » 949 Emily Finch 182 Line " 8550 D.S. Frasier 321 Ashley • 959 84# Juanita Frasier 122 president MSt. 846 Vermelle Frasier 10 President's PI. 808 C. Pequette Bogard St. 1039 John Wrighton 504 Stella D. Mosley 1031 Cassie Jackson 10 41 Rosa Washington 1042 Richard J. Green 104 3 Mamie Allen 880 Evelina Benjamin 881 Alice Williams 1046 Albert Scott 1

Ward 12

Jeanette Scott 403 Sumter St. 984 Mary Small 15 Norman St. 828 Inez Small it it II 806 Mamie Singleton 495 Rutledge Ave. 8b*2 Clara Thomas 131 Bogard St. 883 Geneva White 6 Rosemont S-. 711 Martha Watson 243 Ashley Ave. 724 William Wright 3f Kracke St. 978 Fred Williams 462t Race St. 961 U.S. Wilson 452 Huger St. 904 Ac rVAV.v. $* H? Wilfred Gerrett 95 Bogard • 2081 Harold Orr 295 Ashley Ave. 1064 15 "B" Kracke 1065 Lasrrembe Alston n Wm. Farrow 71 5B Norman 1066 W. B. Crosby 168 Spring 1068 Erline Williams 135 Bogard 1072 Chrisn Polite 58 Nunan 1073 George Washington 25 "A" Kennedy 1074 Eloise Small 14 Holmes 1075 Viola W. Rivers 243 Ashley Ave. 1076 Miriam Scott 20 Norman 1077 Buster Jones 27 B- Norman 934 . Wm Snipe 79 Kracke II14 Eliza A. Canty 7 Lily 938 Eddie Bristol 148 President III3 J. H. Kidd 9 Grant Ct. 1080 Jim Gadsden 294 Ashley 1084 Oliver Francis 6 Johnson Ct. 908 Rev. Elijah Robinson 354 Ashley 1085 Julia Cunningham 287 „» 1086 Martha Hasell 1088 Veronica C unningham 15 Larnes 1091 Margaret Cook 374 Sumter 1092 Thelma M. Jacobs 180 Spring 1082 Beatrice Anderson 179 Congress 941 Rev. E. Gibbes 459 Race 1055 Ruth A. Washington 12 Lily 884 Sarah E. Middleton 286 Aghley 1060 Ear ley Cunnongham 15 Larnes 1062 J

TIC OFFICIALS

Chairnu-n Si cret^ry urry lis on esion ve, Calhoun Fails, S. C* AbbefUlej -. :<

.ikes: Mr. . - jith Dr. Mason Johnson Box 49 Box 316 3, Aiken, 3« C4

,-LLEND

Ceeil 0<*rfiteer Mr# Ben Rlckr&m P.O. Boi Alienddle, 5, C« nd ION* Dr« W» H, Young Mr, G. G. Groves Bo; 58 537 Th St# ijuevson, 3, ^. Anderson, •. C#

hGi cMlllian Mr. T. H. Moore RD Voorhees Institute u Baberg, 8. C, Denmark, . C. BAR] M". >olotun Guiny *rd . Susan F, Bailey Brnwell, ^. C. Box ol3 Barnwell, 5, w.

UFuRTl . immon 8. Rev* A. dbury 8 C, rteret Street Beaufort| S« C« fort, 3. C, K^iYi Mr, George, Hollman, Jr. Mwicks Corner, S. C, Moneks Corner, 3, c#

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Green Rev. (n, L. Riley RFD Rtt . 1 Box 5 St, Matthews, S« C, Lori fcar| . C, CH: Chairman Secret* ry Mr, A. J. C t, Jr. Mr. John .e street 3og(.rti Strta Cfearlestosij -'. C, Charleston! CHERO: . C. L« Norris Mr. G. B, Llttlejohn Gaffney, 8. C, Box . w7 nej, '» v.

Dr. J. .J. ,-lien Mrs, J, . nn , treet P. 0, Box r, 3. c. Chester, . ~»

CH I .D» bb vi G. Byrd 818 Kershaw Street Box 4.08 Cheraw, 3, C, Cheraw, S, C,

Rev, aniels . J. B. McBride Box 3] Rte 5 ing, s# c# Manning, o, C, ONi . C J Llings Mr, B, . Pries treet 7 w valttrboro, 3, C# Iterboro, -% ,

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Dr. J. A, Robinson ks Box 3 4 lu8 Avenue C i ing ton, S, 3, Darlington, 3, C.

DILLONI Dr. Robert &, Gordon Mi. en iL>gen ti otr Dillon, 3, C, Dillon, o. C, DOi BR | . -, H. Clark Mra, L. . 71 Box 146 Sumi:;-.rvilie, 3, C. .imerviilt, &, C. ; GEFlKLDf Rev, . erson Mr, Booth Simkins Edgefield, S, C*. Edgefield, S, C,

F^LKFIELDI Mrs, Myrtle 8, Thomson Ridgeway, 8, c.

FLORENCE! Dr. Roscoe iilson^ . . . Brown Florence, 3, C. Box 828 Florence, ~, 3,

GEORGETOWN! Mr, G, S. Porcher Mr. I, J, tfilds Box 330 Box 442 Georgetovm, 3, £, Georgetown, 3, C GRtSENVIL Mr, R. 6« Lipscomb Dr, E. E, Mo&areji Box 1875 125| Free Street Greenvill;, 3, 3, Greenville, *, C# HWOODl Mr, Anderson Boyd Mr, T. K, Robinson 414 Rush Avenue Greenwood, 8, C. , Greenwood, S« C, HA.,PT0Nt Mr, Ervin J. Johnson Mr, B, A. Grayson Box 82 Estill, 8. C. Hampton, S, C, HORRYt Dr. Peter C, Kelly Mr, John 0, Floyd Box 8 P.O. Conway, s, C% Loris, 8. C. ?ER| . C, >« Myers Mr. Hubert Tyler Rte 8 Rte 2 Box 16 Ridgeland, S, C, Ridgeland, 3, C, KERSHAW| Mr, R, H. Hde, Jr. . G, C. Kirkl nd 848 Bror.d St, lu06 Cai pbell Street Camden, 8. C, Camden, 8, C, Mr, G, ;•>. Bibcock Mr, G, it, Shropshire 400 E, Borr St. 128 . 11 it. Lancaster| 8, c. Lane, « e, . C,

Rev, C» L, Butler R< v, E. W, ' right ens, 8, C, Laurens, 6, C,

) Mr. V*. R. Fisher Mr, ThoddeU:i Holmes 1 treet Lynchburg, 8, C, Bishopville, 3, 3.

Mr, A« M, iliiams N. L. Bush Rte 1 Box 154 127 Leesviiie, S, 3. Bateeburg, >, C, MeCO LICKi

MARJONi

Dr, M, 8, Robinson Dr, J, J. GrahaB Mullins, 8', C. Marlon, 3, C,

EJiLBOROt Mr. J, B, Dr ke Mrs, Th odore Robinson Box : Bennettsville, S, C. Bennettsville, S, C, NEWBERRYi

Rev, B. F. Sumter Rev. Gaulcten Ne berry, 3, C, 1505 Vineant Street Mv berry, S, C, OCOi. Dr, K. E. Hill Dr. H, E. Thomas 405 E, Main Street S, Main Str Seneca, S, C, Senca, S. C, ORANGEBURG| Chairman cret ry Mr, T, K, Bythwood . Paul ebber Orangeburg, 3, G, 19 N, Boulevard Orangeburg, 8, C,

PICKENS|

RICHLAND! . C. H. Dannelly Mr, George Elmore 2359 Washington Street 07 Tree St. Columbia, 8. C. Columbia, 8# C, SALUDA! Mr. A, C, Highto . TnOBu s A. Logan Box 217 ua, , :. C, Ridge Soring, tTANBURG $ . D, Brown Dr. J, C, Buxl 126 Short Wofford St. Spartanburg, S, C. Spart .nburg, 3, C. CKR« Mr, 8. J. McDonald Rev, J, J. Foster -.. Oakland Street Box 226 Sumter, 8, C. Sumter, 8. 0, UNIONi Dr. ii. •. Long Dr, L. A, Sartor Box 12 Union, 8, C. Union, 8, C. I .LI .BURGJ Mr. N. Bennett Mr, *« W, Smalls Box 5 Box 438 Lane, S, C, Kingstree, 8, C, YORK: Mr, W. H. Knight, Sr, Mr, R, M, McGirt 9 Pinckney St. Rock Bill, . C. York, 3. C, (^v^^vpo^L^^ ^^n^3 ^/o.Crt^la^o

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TOTAL POPULATION PAGE NEGRO WHITE Abbeville County 9,741 13,190 1 Aiken County 20,921 28,995 1 Allondalo 9,409 9,031 1 Anderson County 23,379 65,323 1 Bamberg County 11,304 7,328 1 Barmvoil County IS,618 7,494 1 & 2 Beaufort County 14,781 7,255 2 Berkley County 17,555 8,548 2 Calhoun County 11,867 4^351 2 Charleston County 59,573 61,487 2 Cherokee County 7,795 25.495 2 Chester County 15,631 16,948 2 Chesterfield County 13,701 , 22,262 2 & 3 Clarendon County 22,576 8^923 *-*Z* Co 11 en ton 'County 14,019 12,249 3 Darlington County 22,571 22,627 3 Dill ion County 14,111 14,910 4 Dorchester County 11,439 8,484 4 Edgefield County 11,300 6,594 4 Fairfield County 14,970 9,214 4 Florence County 31,953 38,627 4 Georgetown County 15,375 10,976 5 Greenville County 30,432 106,142 5 Gr o c nwo o d Co un ty 14,852 25,230 5 Hampton County 10,095 7,370 5 Horry County 14,037 37,979 5 Jasper County 7,056 3,955 5 Kcrshav; County 17, 584 153,311 10 Lancaster"County 11,395 22,147 6 Laurens County 16,342 27,843 6 Lee County 16,315 8,590 6 Lexington County 8,921 27,067 6 McCormick County 7,036 3,330 6 Marion County 16,810 13,287 6 Marlboro County 17,925 15,052 7 Newberry C unty 14,242 19,335 7 Oc-nco County 5,764 30,743 7 Orangeburg County 39,908 23,791 8 Pickens County' 4,891 32,220 8 Richland County 42,359 62,472 8 & 9 Saluda County 7,644 9.548 9 Spartanburg County 30,373 97,260 9 Sumter County 33,771 18,692 9 & 10 Uni~>n County 11,248 20,112 10 Williamsburg County 27^269 13,739 10 York County 21, 207 37,247 10

_ TOWNSHIP TOTAL POPULATION I U| AM " NEGRO WHITE ABBEVILLE COUNTY Abbeville 2,674 4,551 Cedar Springs 638 388 Diamond, Hill 958 1^269 Donalds 739 lj_78l Due West 1,037 1,595 Lone Cane 1,258 817 Lowndesville 415 1,020 Magnolia 1,744 2_J.37 Smithville 298 412 AIKEN COUNTY Aiken 4,261 5,710 Chinciuepin 588 887 Giddy Swamp 520 541 greSg 6,854 1,27-9 Hammond 1,617 676 Hopewell 789 1,204 Langley 1,028 5,522 McTier 99 556 Mi 11 brook 2^.421 1,219 Ro cky Grp ve 618 7l6 Rocky Spring? 928 1,580 Schultz 2.879 4^295 Shews 1,006 2,231 Silverton "915" 1,361 Sleepy Hoi-low" 957 334 "Tabernacle 1,258 1,836 Wards 221 223 Windsor 1,054 2,078 ALLENDALE COUNTY

Allendale 2,018 5,688 Baldoc 736 328 Bull Pond J^.726 It F8 Millett 968 1,165 iaycamore 1,242 TT95T Wilson 1,159 113 ANDERSON COUNTY

Anderson 5^463 11f855 Belton 1,275 5,925 Broadway 1,128 2,224 Brushy Creek 1,178 2,575 Centerville 2,108 8,756 Corner 578 2,501 Fork 585 1.776 Garvin 1,109 2,160 ffalT 746 1,281 Honea Path 1,560 4,014 Hopewell 671 1.401 Martin 799 1,736 Pendleton 1,559 5,814 Rock Mills 511 855 Savannah 1,135 760 Varennes 1,702 5j_555 Williamston 9.452 9,447 BAMBERG COUNTY

Bamberg 5^767 5.829 Buford Bridge 1,478 1.055 Fish Pond 752 716 Midway 1,555 419 Three Mile 1+754 1,509 BARNWELL COUNTY

Barnwell 1,854 1,655 Bennett Springs 995 252 Blackville 2.186 1,431 Four Mile 1,556 457 Georges Creek 150 836 Great Cypress L,055 461 Red Oak 551 217 Richland T84~ TOWNSHIP T&TftL POPULATION NEGRO WHITE Rosemary 946 413 Will is ton 2,796 1,590 BEAUFORT COUNTY

Beaufort 14.781 7,124 Bluffton 1J217 614 Hilton Head 1,379 77 St. Helena 3J961 4,266 Sheldon ~,806 394 Yemassee 1.077 441 BERKLEY C01NTY

Eutaw 2.863 387 First St. James Goose Creek 768 839 First St. Johns Berkeley 2,486 1,323 First St. Stephens 5,571 1_,_304 St. Dennis & St. Thomas 2j_025 260 St. James Santee 767 r.744 Second St. James Goose Creek 2^054 1,315 Second St. Johns Berkeley 1,929 1,628 Second St. Stephen's ITW 1,714 CALHOUN COUNTY Amelia 5,475 1,445 Caw Caw 2,635 1.232, Lyons .4,068 1,064 Pine Grove 1,222 325 Sandy Run 469 286

CHARLESTON COUNTY

6h.arle.ston 31.765 58,189 Christ Church 3,540 1,590 Edisto Island 1,717 3255 First St. James Goose Creek 1.687 2j_778 Folly Island 10 " 358 Jam es "Ssland 27709 1,196 Johns Island 2,823 893 St. Andrews « 2,578 2,547 St. James Santee 2,146 772 5t. Michael & St. Philip 5,578 4,954 St. Paul's 4,711 1,885 Second St. James Goose Creek a. 124 919 Sulliyand Island T78" 5,552 Wadmalaw 1,507 251 CHEROKEE COUNTY

Cherokee 1,678 5.185 Draytonville 548 1 136 Gowdeysville 412 1,242 Limestone 3,826 15,098 Morgan 734 567 White Plains 597 1,444 CHESTER COUNTY

Baton Rouge 1,509 946 Blackstock 1,009 542 Chester - 5,976 8.504 Halsellville 825 164 Hazelwood 664 485 Lands ford 1,945 751 Lewisville 2.586 1,954 Rossville 2,560 CHESTERFIELD COUNTY

Alligator 1,160 2,102 Cheraw 4,721 "5,955 Cole Hill 700 2.040 PAGE TWO TOWNSHIP TOTAL POPULATION NEGRO WHITE

Court House 2^255 5,375 Jefferson 1.007 Mount Croghan 1,558 2^507 Pageland 1,527 5,557 Pee Dee 7IT 525 Steer Pen 262 766 CLARENDON COUNTY

Brewington 568 263 Calvary 988 259 Concord 1,851 479 Douglas 702 2^.194 Friendship 2.284 VST Fulton 1,282 79 Harmony 752 358 Manning 2.407 703 Midway 477 765 Mount Zion 241 680 Nev,'- Zion 1.018 582 Plowden Mills 1»549 896 Sit. James T^.775 121 St. Mark 874 321 St. Paul 1.513 TOO Sammy Swamp__ 1.467- 588 Sandy Grove 495 553 Santee 1,906 358 COLLETON COUNTY

Bell 2_,_584 2,555 Blake 1,597 186 Broxton 1.294 1,544 Frazier "972" 329 Glover 933 255 Heyward 1,305 1,280 Lowndes 618 100 Sheridan 1,140 971 Verdier 2.977 5,724 Warren 1,299 1,271 DARLINGTON COUNTY

District 1, Bethel (J 685 439 District 2, Darlington 4,772 District 3, Quietude •SU53M9 374 District 4, Newman Swamp 447 405 District 5r Pond Hollow 34 153 District 6f Lamar 669 925 District 7. Mechainesville 524 204 'District 8, Swift Creek 660 •642 District 9, Black Creek 65 174 • District 10t Kellytown 253 594 District 11, Anderson . 710 577 District 12t High Hill 1,087 475 District 15, Society Hill 884 585 District 14, Mont Clare 592: 250 District 15, Epwo r th 601 608 District 16. Leavenworth 681 410 District 17f New Market 5 159 District 18, Antio ch 1.217 1,380 District 20, Philadelphia 660 357 District 21, Palmetto 629 291 District 23T Indian Branch 311 365 District 24. Lynches River 666 245 District 27, Oates 400 518 District 28, Clyde 295 441 District 29, Burnt Branch 272 257 District 30, Dovesville 818 557 District 32, Hartstfille 4.443 -I4;826

PAGE THREE TOWNSHIP TOTAL POPULATION NEGRO WHITE

DILL ION COUNTY

Bethee . 2-, 486 1,949 Harleesville ..: .2,455 1,152 Hillsboro 1..950 •2,-263 Kirby . -594 837 Manning 4,391 6,418 DORCHESTER COUNTY

Burns 1,602 903 Cams 1,239. 699 Collins 5 50 ' ' 53 Dorchester 3,101 3,279 George 2,485 1,761 Givhans • 908 704 Koger 1,554 1,017 EDGEFIELD COUNTY

Blocker 483 156 Colliers . 932 418 Collins i 276 374 Elmwood .. 564 440 Hibler 161 81 Johnston 902 862 •• Meriwether •1,138 275 Mo ss 488 313 Pickens

Township 1. . 1,236 446 Township 2 •1,103 • 261 . To wn ship 3. 611 282 Township 4 • • ••- .730 34 Township 5 « . 768 93 To wn s h i*o 6 661 312 Township 7 659 2S6 Township 8 1,265 566 Township 9 1,760 602 Township 10 . 980 230 Township 11 766 291 Township 12 86.7 413 Township 13 789 . 157 Township 14 2,95.8 5,125. Township 15 817 154 FLORENCE COUNTY

Black Swamp .441 194 Cains 2,351 . 2,081 Cartersville * 1,261 .512 Ebenezer 1, 277 568 Effingham 1,265 1,558 Florence 9,663 12,782 Hannah 236 881 James Cross Roads 468 718 Jeffreys 1,136 1,018 • Johnson -928 1,715 Lake / 1,502 2,475 Lake City' 3,023. 3,308 Lee / 565 1,220 Lynch 602 1,806 v •'•• McMillen 1,787 1,712 Mo t ts 1,042 1,032 Pee Dee 1,500 1,032;- Tans Bay 867 682 Timmonsville 2,049 1,593 PAGE FOUR TOWNSHIP TOTAL POPULATION NEGRO WHITE

GEORGETOWN COUNTY Twp. 1, Santco 777 407 Twp. 2, Samp'it 'XGourdinT 1,549 588 Twp. Georgetown 5,925 4,709 Twp. 4, An.drows~XBl3ck River) 1,251 2,568 Twp. 5, PooDoo & Choppco 2,066 458 Twp. 6, Carvers Bay (Collins) 1,202 1,856 Twp, 7, Murrels Inlet & Waverly Hills (Waccamaw) 1,605 524 GREENVILLE COUNTY

Austin 1,521 3,229 Bates 642 3,605 Bulter 1,197 5,312 Chick Springs 2,040 10,315 Cleveland 49 1,230 Dunklin 443 1,897 • Fa irview 1,855 3,604 Gantt 925 2,949 Qlassy Mountain 39 1,438 Greenville 18,565 57,774 Grove 1,029 2^,996 Highland 266 2,854 Oaklawn 663 2,060 0'Ncal 505 3,527 Paris Mountain 510 2,560 Saluda 182 2,329 GREENWOOD COUNTY

Bradley 431- . 197 Brooks 319 343" Callison 525 612 Cokcsbury 520 316 Coronaca 401 547 Fellowship 750 323 Greenwood 6,672 14,412 Hodges 8T? 3 613 Kinards 410 203 Kirkscy # 499 331 Ninety -> Six 1,215 ,,2.753 Phoenix 451 ,..w. 382 Troy 256 254 Verdery 622 164 Walnut 964 3,704 HAI'PTON COUNTY

Goethe 2,166 1,755 L a w to n 3.671 859 Peoples 2,902 3,863 Pocotaligo 1,256 874 HORRY COUNTY

Bayboro 618 3,097 Conway ' 4,027 8,762 Dog Bluff 132 2,521 Dogwood Neck 637 1,808 Flojd 1,255 S.,759 Galivents Ferry • 800- 5,265 Green Sea 984 3,285 Little River 1,698 1,364 Simpson Creek 1,973 5,830 So castcc 585 1,350 • JASPER COUNTY

Coosa what chic • l 2,789 1,111 HardVcviTTc' 746 398 .:• • Po co tali go : 1,377 1,779 Roberts 2,144 654 PAGE FIVE TOWNSHIP TOTAL POPULATION NEGRO . WHITE

LANCASTER COUNTY

Buford 547 1.765 Cane Crock 1,095 4,592 Cedar Creek 825 382 Fla~t"Cr~cck -1,001' 2,561 GlTl¥~cTc~ck ' ' ~~ 4,177 7,825 Indian Land..' • 679 ' 905 PlcTiant Hill 2,249 3,946 Waxhaw 824 \ 465

LAURENS COUNTY

Cross Hill 1,567 677_ Dials" " " 2.296 2."527'. Hunter ~~~~~~~Z 5,668 8__083_ Jacks 729 1,666 Laurens 4.444 8,702 S e uffle town 4.445 748 Sullivan " 812 17825 Waterloo ; 909 1,787 Youngs 1.511 1,799 LEE COUifTY

Bichopvillc \ 5,577 2,764 Cypres;; 886 551 Ionia ~ • 712 612 Lynchburg 2^955 " 866 Mc chsnicsvilic 708 692_ Mount Clio 5,778 584 St. Charles 1,622 528 Spring Hill 1,574 998 Stokes "Bridge 914 665 Turkey Crock 589 778 LEXINGTON COUNTY

Black Creek < 199 1,166 Boiling "SprinffsH , 106 1,795 Broad .River ^ 4 356 6lT Bull Swamp 1,255 2,371* Chinqucpin 1,269 3,126 « Congarcc 2,350 7,595 Fork 417 681 Gilbert Hollow 1,034 2,957 Hollow Creek 325 1,030 Lexington 915 3,142 Platts Springs 331 1,229 Saluda , 101 857 Sandy Run 285 425

MCCORMICK COUNTY

Bordeaux 1,918 1,609 Edgefield 742 218 Greenwood • • 970 387 Indian Hill 47 56 Mount Ccrmcl 1,735 270 Plum Branch 846 400 Washington 930 387 MARION COUNTY . ,

Br it tons Neck _j 1, 356 945 L*o Gctte 3 1.418 1,085 Marion 5,185 2,5 51 Moody 1,101 896 Peeves 5,794 5,156 Rowcll 565 210 Wahoo 1, 481 651 Woodbury '. I \ 481 20

PAGE SIX TOWNSHIP TOTAL POPULATION NEGRO WHITE

MARLBORO -COUNTY

District 1, Brownsville 321 •314 District 2, Beauty Spot 665 176 District 5, New Hope 414 125 District 4, Wesley 520 TIT District 5__ Ta turn 500 "25T District 6, Dargan" 840 "206~ District 7, Brightvsille 646 523 District 8, Pegues 298 116 District 9, Clio 1,027 1,841 . District 10, Bennetsville 2,968 4,022 District 11, Boykin 537 358 District 12, MeColl 940 2,869 District 15^ Dudley 355 87 District 14, Lester 421 348 District 15, Blenheim 1,038 762 District 16, Fletcher 759 314 District 17, Drake 277 157 District 18, Willis 427 185 District 19, Hebron. 525 210 District 20, Harmony 531 173 Dis trict 21, Dim bar 426 151 District 22, Irby 158 236 District 25, Pee Dee 176 129 District 24, Key 329 460 District 25, Ebenezer 360 172 District 26, Salem 366 320 District 27, Dyers Hill 580 239 District 28, Kollock 254 . 401 District 29, Whites Creek 189 227 District 30, Wilson 655 . 381 District 31, Pitieville 449 255 District 52, Oak Grove 505 TIT NEWBERRY COUNTY

Township 1, Newberry 4,696 7,902 Township 2, Caldwell 592 272 Township 5, Msybjnton 451 95 Township 4, Cromer 1.105" 5,655 Township 5j_ Reedor 808 588 Township 6, Floyd "2B2" 868 Township 7, Moon 438 Township 8, Mondonhall TTTBT 955 Township 9, Stony Battery 1,211 1.697 Township 10, Cannon 1,202 "17187 Township 11, Holler 1,127 1,147 Township 12, ~^3T 499 OCONEE COUNTY

Center 798 4,656 Chattooga 945 Keowoe 43 2,957 Pulaski 1,099 Seneca 5,067 7,921 Tugaloo 97< 4,814 Wagoner 876 7,834 White Water 477 ORANGEBURG COUNTY

Bowman 1,155 485 Branchvillo 1,472 I__253 city. 4,748 5,74i Cow Castlo 913 245 Edisto 724 4;i8 Elizabeth 1,916 1,527 Ellorco 2,524 1,320 PAGE SEVEN TOWNSHIP TOTAL POPULATION NEGRO WHITE But aw "2_~5"46" 494 Goodland 1,455 1,186 Hebron 438 1,116 Holly Hill 5,277 1,490 Liberty" 889 697 Timestone 1,559 Middle 1,661 520 Now Hope 985 284 Orange 4,905 1,828 Pro videnco 2,270 459 Pocky Grove 691 592 Union 1,595 599 V"anc< 1,756 540 Willow 1,648 Zion 1.080 1,000 PICKENS COUNTY

District 1, Croswoll 124 450 district 2, Dayton 218 682 District 5, Zion 84 426 District 4, Flat Rock 11 458 District 5, Ruhamah TT 585 district 6, Syrnmos 109 "3T5" district 7, Tabor ~2~25~ 582 District 8, Calhoun 456 1.011 District Central 179 1,417 District 1h0 , Johnston 208 529 District 11 , Liberty 476 2,213 District 12 , Reunion 84 488 District 15 , Easley 1,097 7,192 , District 14 , Cateechee 2 694 District 16 ,. Farri; 147 437 District 17 , Dacusville 124 401 District 18 , Maynard 127 521 District 19 , Cedar Rock 68 894 District 20 , Bethlehem 42 680 District 21 , Roanoke 93 59T" District 22 , Gates' 16 , 390 1 District 25 , Long Branch 6 222 District 24 , Pleasant Hill 33 717 District 25 , Kings 359 District 26 , Palestine 5 295 District 27 , Six Mile 36 710 District 28. , Praters 26 596 District 29 t Wolf Creek 50 , 448 District 50 , Town. Creek 84 521 District 31 Pickens 561 _2_303 District 32 , Glassy Mount . 14 419 District 33 Mica 2 186 District 55 . Olga 29 552 District 36 Oolency 293 District 37 Ambler 416 District 38 Ha good ' 19 424 District 39 Twelve Mile 71 429 District 40, Martin 11 ' 216 District 41, Mile Creek 381 District 42, Koowoe 140 District 44, Shady Grove 175 District 45, Antioch 119 District 46, Hampton 148 District 47, Holly Springs 192 District 48, Rock 198 District 49, Pleasant Grove 36 302 District 50, Ro cky Bo t to m 120 District 51, Eastatooo 115 District 52, Cane Creek 134 Distr ict 55, New Town 7 204 District 56, Montvalo 307 RICHLAND COUNTY

District 1, Columbia 22_,19 5 39,683 PAGE SIGHT TOWNSHIP TOTAL POPULATION NEGRO WHITE District 3 A, Hyatt Park" "S;783 5.954 District 2 B, Hyatt Park 5J3T 446 Distr ict 5, Edge wood 193 T73Q1 District 4, Olympic "3T4" 5.542 District 5, Lykesland" 1,915 708 DTstrict 6, Hopkins 1,9-92 "23T DTstrieTT; Horrell Hill 373 T9ir District" 8 A, Bellwood "9To" T86 DTstrict 8.B, Gadsden 806 71 District 9, Kingvillo 986 T34 District 16, Ba stover 1,726 _305 District 1.1 * Garners Forry "4TT "20T District 12 A, Shady Grove 113 169 District 12 B, Leesburg 300 54 D is t riot 15, Br own, s C hap o'l" T40" JOO District 14., Union 38 T34 District 15, Mt. 'Pleasant" 73 5,080 District 16, Mossors 13 T4T District 17, Park 2.911 "T7_37 District 19, Pontiac T2~8~ 235 District 20, Killian Tsr 260 District 21^ A, Fe ir Lawn 368 230 District 21 B,. Level 137 TIT District 22. Bollview 114 175 District 2.3, Blythowopd "85T 766 District 24, Holly Grovo "2T T70~ District 25. Camp Ground 247 177 District 26, Wayside 275 T52~ District 27, St. Andrews" "5T5" 582 District 28, Balfohtino "20T 523 District 29 Piedmont T9T T52 District 50, Folk 156 271 District 31, White Rock 65 325 District 32, Spring Hill" 1T -2-3B- District 33 Sunnier v ill o "54" 165 .,,, .i __. SALUDA COUNTY

Township 1 461 1_?15 Township! 862 1,205 Township 5 903 1,378 Township 4 1,545 1,955 Township 5 805 430 township 888 959 Township 7 2,582 1,702" SPARTANBURG COUNTY

Beech Springs 4,809 17,957 Campobcllo 2_36~5" 11,605" Chorokoc _____ 6J577 Cross Anchor 774 "079 Glonn~STpr"ings 635 2*095 PacoTct TTi56~ 4J956' Roidvillo 1,553 4.837 Spar 3 a 11 burg 14,566 59,199 Walnut Grovo 1.160" l',770 todruff 1,961 6,096 SUMTER COUNTY

Concord 2,599 850 Fulton 1,580 497 tanchostcr 144 23 Mayosvillo 1.955 366 Mjddlcton I7535 ^3T PAGE NINE TOWNSHIP TOTAL POPULATION NEGRO WHITE Privateer 1,885 1,400 Pro vidence s! 629 765 Rafting Creek ,,485 377 SlrLToh 2,094 85J STatesburgLi _ " 2,641 405 Sumter 15,628 T27821 UNION COUNTY

Bogansville , 1,184 5,050 Cross Keys 589 510 Fishdam 1,025 146 Goshen Hill 496 ' 396 Jonesville 1,405. 1,846 Pin ckn ey 1,687 3,490 Santuc 1,366 725 Un ion. 5,700 9,929 WILLIAMSBURG COUNTY

Township 1, Ho p e 5,359 1,344 Township 2, Lar;s &, Ooo 466 Township 3, Penn 2,845 460 Township 4, Suttons 574 283 Township 5, Anderson 1,452 l__30l . Township 6. Sumter 608 1,129 • Township 6 -•-, Mo uzo n. 1,844 1,084 Town ship 7, . Kl ng's 3, 406 1,013 Township 8, Turkey 1,995 482 Township 9, Mingo 2,099 1,067 Township 10, Ridge 2,007 526 Township 11, Indian 1,269 505 Township 12, Johnson 2,268 2, 406 Township 16, Kings tree 1,633 1,575 Cl-arendon 87 67 YORK COUNTY

Bethel 1,258 1,253 Bethesda 2,784 1,332 Broad River 891 1,681 Bullock's Creek 950 988 Catawba 6,406 11,379 Ebenezer 2,999 6,680 Fort Mill 1,350 4,605 Kings Mountain- 1,834 4,684 York 2,735 4,546

Omitted from page six—

KERSHAW COUNTY

Buffalo township 2,413 4,470 DeKalb Township 8,758 6,880 Flat Rock Township 3_165 1,804 Watoroe Township 3,268 2,080 PAGE TEN VOTE ONLY FOR ONE IN EACH COL WIN 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 ATTY. GEN. STATE SUPT. ADJ. GEN. COMM. OF REPR. IN SENATOR GOVERNOR LT. GOV, OF EDUC. AGRIC. CONGRESS

3-A Maybank 1-B 5-B 7-B 11-B 13-B Johnston McLeod Harman Harrelson Riley P Watson 15-C Sapp

VOTE FOR EIGHT ONLY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONLY VOTE FOR EIGHT 18 19 20 21 22 23 2k 25 26 18-A 19-A ,^r 2k'A 25-A 26-A Black L^ Bowiran^^ George £—" GrantZ— Greever 18-B P?^WOA/^20-B 21-B 22-B 23-B 2l|-B 25 -B Hair MCQheeZ- Miles Rogers c— SwindlerZ^ Williams Willis

VOTE FO_ ONE ONLY 28 32 3k 36 VOTE FOR TWO SUPERVISOR TREASURER AUDITOR COUNTY MAGIS. WAVERLY COMMISSIONER SCHOOL COMM133 XONERS 32-A 3lf-A 36-A 39-M ii-O-A Blackburn Eleazer Lawson Keenan Withers Lawson, Jr 28-B 32-B 36-B Talbert ^- Jeter Turpin ^—" 7 /A\\\s^ TOMORR

CONTENTS for OCTOBER, 1944 • EDITORIAL Responsibility to All Mankind

• ARTICLES AND FICTION A World I'd Like to See, by RUTH SANDMANN 3 The Political Future of Alexander Hamilton, by GORHAM MUNSON 6 Editor-in-Chief: Who Owns the National Debt? by JERRY VOORHIS 11 EILEEN J. GARRETT For Whites Only, by ADAM CLAYTON POWELL, JR. 18 The Sailor, a story by JAMES HANLEY 23 Editors: Fascism Rejects Freedom, by THOMAS WOODLOCK 27 CHARLES P. CHADSEY What the Serviceman Wants from the Election, by MORTON YARMON 29 HAROLD D. VTJRSELL* Nationalism Today and Afterward, by BENJAMIN AKZIN 33 KATHERINE WOODS Homage to Paris, by KLAUS MANN ; -..- ' •.-.. .. 42 ROBERT J. KNITTEL The Foreign Born Stake in the Election, by GUENTHER REINHARDT 47 Associate Editors: Negro Politics, by SARAH FLINN 51 56 NATALIE LEVIN An Old World Diehard"Looks at American "Liberals," by FRANCIS CAMPBBLL 60 G. COLBY WALWORTH The Case for Political Psychology, by DENIS DB ROUGBMONT WilKOrganized Labor Get Behind Planned Parenthood? by HBLEN MARTIN 64- Director of Publicity and Promotion: Who Are "The People"? by JANET STAMM 67 WALTER VARNEY Women—to Your Future! by RENE M. HAY ' 70 75 Advertising and Circulation: The Satiric Review Could Contribute . . . by COLBY WALWORTH LUCY DE MAINE Business Manager: • POETRY WILLIAM M. MARTIN Metaphor, by DAVID MORTON 41 Basque Lover, by RALPH GUSTAFSON 55 *With the armed forces Snoring Destiny, by TREVOR HARRY MYDDLETON 69

TOMORROW, • BOOKS October, 1944 Vol. TV, No. 2 The President and His Power, a review by Basil Rauch 76 m TOMORROW is published monthly by The Time for Decision, reviewed by Katherine Woods 78 Creative Age Press, Inc., 11 East 44th What Is Demoeracy? a review by Louis Adamic 79 V St., New York 17, N. Y. Printed in the U. S. A. Editorial and Advertising of­ U. S. War Aims, reviewed by William Agar 80 fices, 11 East 44th Street; New York 17, Ideas- in America, reviewed by J. Donald Adams. 81 N. Y. Subscription rate: 12 issues, $2.50 in U. S. and possessions and countries of Nippon, reviewed by Younghill Kang 82 the Pan-American Union; $3.00 Canada; The Power Within Us, reviewed by Hildegarde Fjanner 83 elsewhere $3.50; two years $4.00 U. S., 84 single copies in the U. S. 25 cents. VoL Looking Forward in Russia, a review by H. R. Hays IV, No. 2, for October, 1944. The Furlough, reviewed by Anne Persov 85 M cover and entire contents- are copy­ Petain: the Old Man of France, reviewed by Katherine Woods 85 • . righted by Creative Age Press, Inc., 1944, and cannot be reproduced without The Idea of Nationalism, reviewed by David Baumgardt 86 written permission. Copyright under In­ The Road to Foreign Policy, reviewed by Edward Larocque Tinker 87 ternational Copyright Convention. All rights reserved under Pan-American Germany and Europe, reviewed by Mario Bellini 88 Copyright Convention. Registered in The Bonfire, reviewed by Stella Burke May . . 88 U. S. Patent Office. TOMORROW cannot 89 ' be responsible for unsolicited manu­ A Faith to Free the. People, reviewed by Eileen J. Garrett scripts, nor can they be returned to Problems of Victory, a review by Olgierd Langer 90 sender unless accompanied by return 92 postage. Entered as second-class matter Gallic Charter, reviewed by Charles A. Micaud at the Post Office, at New York, New Velasquez, reviewed by Gene Derwood 93 York, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Argentine Diary, reviewed by H. R^ Hays 94 All contents, Cover Design and Title, Copyright 1944 by Tomorrow, New . !.v York 17, N. Y. All Rights Reserved. • AUTHORS AND- REVIEWERS 96 . • • . . -

7 'r Negro Politics By SARAH FLINN

HE TROUBLE WHICH HAS BEEN BREWING in the long way. We have many white friends who work TSouth since the Emancipation Proclamation is with us. We must not destroy the gains we have coming to a boil. And it's coming soon. made by hasty, unwise action. We must go slowly. The Supreme Court Lonnie Smith case gave Texas White people are saying: The government is try­ Negroes the legal right to vote in primaries, hereto­ ing to put niggers in the same schools as whites. fore lily-white, and provided an opening wedge for They're aiming to vote. We'll show them something. similar action throughout the region. Negro teachers The Ku Klux Klan had the right idea. Other white in reactionary Charleston, South Carolina, won a people are saying: We must learn that to keep a man court fight for a wage scale equal to that of white in the ditch you have to stay there to hold him. We teachers, another example-setter which is being fol­ must educate the Negroes, help them grow into the lowed up all over the state. Southern legislators, kind of citizens who can use the ballot wisely. Let's newspapers, and politicians scream indignantly at think this thing through. "northern meddlers" to "keep out of our business." Both peoples are divided in their opinions. But all As national elections near, even Senators Pepper and agree that the situation cannot remain at its tense Ball, considered among the South's few liberals, have pitch. Change may come peacefully, calmly. It may bowed to the diehard principle of white supremacy. come with guns and terror. It is up to the nation, and The Progressive Democratic party, after attracting most especially the South, to see that changes are nation-wide attention at the Democratic National made in a way to bring shame and misery to none. Convention, settles down to its real problem •— get­ The South is still more unified than disunified, ting its members the vote in next month's general more of a piece with itself than with the nation. election. Action taken in one state immediately affects the Things are happening quickly. The Negroes are situation in neighboring states. weary of half-promises. And the majority of the It is therefore helpful to an understanding of the whites are wary of progress. whole problem to know the background of the events Negroes are saying: Our boys are dying for a in South Carolina. The troubles in this typically democracy they never knew. Why not die fighting Deep South state are indicative of what can be ex­ the fascists here at home who make democracy a pected elsewhere. farce? Other Negroes are saying: We have come a Twenty leading South Carolinians last spring 51 TOMORROW signed a vigorous protest to a violent anti-Negro both, and be able to read, write, and interpret the resolution passed in the last legislative session. The constitution — all in order to cast a vote in the gen­ paper, which advocated equal civil rights for eral election which until now has done nothing but Negroes, was proclaimed by the state Negro press rubberstamp the primaries — many of them decide as the "Race Magna Charta" of the South. For over it is not worth the trouble. a year, a hundred or more citizens representing the The poll tax does not bring in enough money to best of both races have met in an interracial com­ warrant the tears shed for it. And when it is abol­ mission to discuss, and act on problems. While ished, it will be a moral victory for progress. But little concrete action has been taken, it has served the sooner progressives can turn their major effort to ease tensions and to reassure the Negroes that to the major bar — Democratic party laws — the even South Carolina has its share of right-thinking sooner progress will be made. men. It is to this bar that actions by the Negroes are From this hot-hearted, patchwork background has directed. come a series of progressive attempts, which has Nominally, Southern Negroes have not been de­ won for the state the name, "Negro capital of the nied the ballot. In a general election there has been South," on the part of many race leaders. nothing to bar them from voting. A small minority South Carolina Negroes, like all of their race, are of the most highly intelligent ones have voted for tired of the poll-tax red herring about which South­ years. Voting even here is difficult, however. After ern politicians shout loudly in order to steer atten­ the grandfather clauses were declared illegal, and tion away from the real prohibitions on Negro vot­ the Ku Klux Klan as such faded into oblivion, the ing. They realize many people in the North and West white man still ruled the election, and the white man fight against the tax earnestly, believing it a very still saw to it that the black man didn't vote — except real bar to the vote. And Negroes would like to see those few who refused to be intimidated, frightened, it abolished, because regardless of what it does or or paid off. does not accomplish, it smells of discrimination. But An example of what is done to discourage the they wish their friends would stop blatting on this black vote is the story of one man who recently at­ very minor point, and at last take the bull by the tempted to vote in Charleston. He did not own three horns and make it bray. hundred dollars worth of real estate, so therefore The truth of the poll tax is, briefly: the tax is had to prove the alternative of literacy, ability to read not levied on voting in the primaries, but in the the Constitution. general election. In the South, the only election He proved his literacy, and read directed portions which has counted, before this year, was the primary. of the Constitution with facility. Then the white The tax is a head tax, not a vote tax, and is supposed ward secretary said, "Now tell me from what foreign to be paid by all, although only those who vote in language each word in this paragraph is derived." the general elections pay, usually. While intelligent, the Negro was not a linguist. He In a few states the tax is cumulative, but in most did not vote. The reason? He could not "interpret" it is not, and amounts to only one or two dollars a the Constitution. year. This is not desirable, and should be abolished But even were Negroes allowed to vote in the — but not because it keeps anyone really desirous general election in larger numbers, they still could of voting from doing so. Southern wages do not give wield no influence in their state — before this year. any laborer luxury, but Negro leaders are the first The Republican party is composed of only a few to point out that those who make the lowest wages thousand members. For years, there has been no are the very ones who spend five to ten dollars a year member of the legislature who was not a duly reg­ to attend the numerous public dances, at one or two istered Democrat. The only election which has de­ dollars per dance. cided any issues is the Democratic primary, in which The real threat to the poll tax is that it provides the citizens decide which Democrats shall rule them. one more step in a complicated election system. But in April of this year, the uneasy peace Most Negroes in the South have never voted. They quivered, and broke. After twenty years work, the do not understand the procedure. When they learn National Association for the Advancement of Col­ they must register, pay their poll tax, show proof of ored People finally won its test case. The Supreme 52 NEGRO POLITICS

Court ruled, in the Lonrrie Smith case, that in a state his organization, by holding elections, even though (Texas) where primaries were the true elections, they be mock elections, it would serve the purpose. and the general election a foregone conclusion, it was Several years hence, when all legal technicalities unconstitutional to bar any citizen from membership will be ironed out, surely, he reasoned, the Negroes on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition would be qualified voters and could not be frightened of servitude. out of their rights because of ignorance as to the Negroes throughout the country were jubilant. procedure. There was no idea at that time that the The South Carolina NAACP, which had contributed party would seek to participate in the white primaries. five hundred dollars to the support of the Texas case, The old axiom, "free, white, and twenty-one" still girded its loins. It has well over three thousand dol­ holds in the South. lars in the bank, to be used on its own case. Immediately after the editorial was printed, how­ State Secretary James M. Hinton confidentially ever, letters began pouring in to the small one-room says, "I will be voting in 1946." office of the newspaper. Negroes all over the state Others were not so optimistic, however. They re­ were taking the editor at his word. Many of the let­ membered the twenty years it took to get the Texas ters, even those from educational and civic leaders decision. And although other similiar cases should of his race, told McCray it was unconstitutional, un­ not take as long, because the precedent has been set, lawful, and impossible for him to do what he pro­ still they believe the Southern courts will not be likely posed. The ignorance about the election procedure to award a quick decision, and that all cases, in every was so great they did not realize it was only white state, will be long, tedious, and full of pitfalls. prejudice and not white laws, which kept them from Southern whites were, for the most part, indignant being Democrats. and perturbed. Governor Johnston called South Caro­ The question was raised in other parts of the lina's legislature back for a fiery special session. country why the new organization was Democratic Their only purpose was to eliminate every mention when the Negroes of the South had been Republican of parties from the South Carolina constitution, so ever since that party gave them their freedom. In as to insure themselves of being constitutional when 1876, the Negroes deserted the carpet-bag Republi­ they ruled the Negroes out of the only real party on cans to put Wade Hampton into the State House. the grounds that the party was simply a private club, They didn't forget that, even if those they helped and could make its own rules. forgot them. More than the reconstruction hangover, This was a shrewd move. The Negroes, undis- however, is the importance of Franklin Delano couraged, refused to put all their eggs in one frail Roosevelt and his wife, Eleanor. They are proclaimed basket, however. by all Negroes as among the greatest friends the race They formed their own Democratic party — has ever had. "He has made some mistakes. He has openly and frankly, an attempt to crash the lines of disappointed us. He has failed to do some of the the white primaries, and win for themselves the vote. things we expected him to do. But we will support The Progressive Democratic party of South Carolina him 100 per cent. No other president has ever is therefore an alternative possible route to their goal promised to go as far as Roosevelt has gone." of the ballot. There was a division of opinion among the state The idea was first proposed in March, in the Negro leaders as to whether the party was a sound editorial columns of The Lighthouse and Informer, proposal. The NAACP does not take an active part in Negro weekly newspaper, of Columbia, and South politics. The Negro Citizens Committee, the other Carolina. It's author, thirty-four-year-old Editor John most powerful organization working for Negro McCray, explained that at its inception it was in­ rights, was already busy with the court case, and de­ tended merely to serve as an educational club. Only clined to give its organizational support. Individu­ about one Negro in every hundred in South Carolina ally, however, the leaders of both these two groups has ever voted — if that many. There has been no are working in the new party. way for them to learn what voting is, and how they Even without open support, Editor McCray de­ would go about it, when the Great Day came. Mr. cided to stand on his editorial. A few weeks before, McCray decided the only way to learn was by prac­ the Negro teachers of Charleston had won their suit tice. If he could enlist several thousand Negroes in for equalization of salaries. That fight had been 53 TOMORROW originated by The Lighthouse and Informer, and That, of course, is not the .prima-facie cause of the probably would have died in its cradle without the Progressive Democrats. They note that in two-party paper's continual push. That had looked like an over­ North Carolina and Tennessee, they are admitted, whelming task in the beginning. It had been won. as Negroes, to both the Republican and Democratic Why not try this ? parties. But that is an incidental good which may So the organization began. At first, membership come. They want the vote — and odds are with them. was limited to persons "free, Negro, and twenty- After the basic organizational work was com­ one," but the racial qualification was soon removed. pleted, and they had proven this was no casual matter Realizing they could not fight prejudice with preju­ for banter, McCray and his leaders offered to chuck dice, the organizers opened the roll call to all. Even the whole thing overboard. in South Carolina, enough progressive white persons They appealed to the state Democratic convention joined the party so that there is no taint of "dis­ to allow them membership. If their appeal had been crimination." granted, the new party action would have ceased. Young progressive Negroes from all parts of the However, this gesture was made merely for the state took the lead in organizing the local Democratic technical nicety of it. The same appeal had been clubs. The membership grew by several hundred made to every state convention in the last few years. each week. By November election time, Mr. McCray, Nothing had ever happened. Nothing happened this who was also elected state chairman, expects to have time. The letter was not read at the convention, and a roll call of at least one hundred thousand. no answer was sent them. "Cotton Ed" has insured his people that not while They then called their own state convention in he lived would a nigger vote. Junior Senator Burnet Columbia. (For this meeting they were refused use R. Maybank made the most violent statement of his of the State House, with no reasons given them.) career to the same effect. White supremacy has been They elected their officers and delegates to the con­ the main argument of the senatorial race. Old-line vention in Chicago. Even at- that time, they did not reactionaries stop on the streets to discuss the issue, expect to see their delegation seated. The most they damn the liberals, and call upon their Gawd to up­ hoped for was recognition without vote. They antici­ hold his people (white Southerners) and protect pated the furor Southern politicians would create Southern womanhood from this outrage. The few They also anticipated that Roosevelt would straddle liberals talk themselves hoarse, and worry new the fence with a peace-in-our-time appeasement. This wrinkles on their foreheads. did not make them less determined to be present at And meanwhile, behind the scenes, the Negroes Chicago, or less positive in their support of Roose­ quietly continue organizing. velt. Another development directly affecting, and af­ All they really expected in Chicago was publicity. fected by, the Negro organization is the recently They wanted the red-herring poll tax completely out- organized Southern Democratic party, which is, in smelled by the stink of the Southern Democratic essence, a "Defeat-Roosevelt" club. More and more party laws. They wanted the issue to be made nation­ white supremists have dropped out of the regular wide so that even a worried Democratic National party, and into this one, in order to protest against party could not ignore it. the fourth term — and to build one more wall which With this in mind before they left, events in they believe will stand between them and interracial Chicago did not throw them off balance. primaries. The sadly-split and pitifully small group They are now preparing for the real struggle — of Republicans grin slyly at both parties. They are the November elections. For the first time in the organized not so much to advocate Republican tra­ twentieth century, the general election will be the ditions as to work towards the establishment in South most important one. Carolina of a second party. They are with the South­ Anything can happen here. ern Democrats against Roosevelt, and with the Pro­ There are four groups within the state, each sup­ gressive Democrats for an open election. In spite of porting a different group of candidates, although in the hate and trouble which the situation may hold, some cases they overlap. The Progressives have a it may be doing South Carolina a service, for inci­ slate of liberal whites and Negroes. The Republi­ dentally, some say, the second party may be aborning. cans and regular Democrats have their slates. And 54 NEGRO POLITICS the Southern Democrats have joined with the revolt­ Negro leaders throughout the South say: "We do ing groups all over the South, with still another. not want to fight. We peacefully and legally seek our The Negroes are not primarily interested in the rights. We believe that our many friends among the outcome of the election, however. With the party, white race will help us." White supremists are saying that is not the most important question. Even if still that Negroes are not intelligent enough to use liberal candidates are elected, the Progressives will the ballot correctly. Negro leaders admit there is a have lost if they do not vote in some strength. Even possibility after they get the ballot that politicians if reactionaries are elected, the Progressives will may buy or coerce the votes of the uneducated. But have won, if they vote in large number. they also recognize this as another form of the old If they do not vote, the party will fade as another political merry-go-round. Until they vote, they can­ wild hope — very probably. If they do vote, the party not learn how. Until they vote, they cannot force the will do one of two things — spread to other states, state to accord them the educational facilities neces­ and grow quickly; or convince the white Southerners sary to let them pull their race from illiteracy by its it would be better to accept the Negroes as political own bootstrap. allies than to fight them as political opponents. In They say: give us the ballot and stop howling that case, the party would die, its purpose accom­ until we have a chance to prove we will not ruin the plished. state. The illiterates of our race will be barred from The situation is so tense, race trouble seems inevi­ voting, and the uneducated Negroes can do no worse table. If trouble does start, it will not be the Negroes than the uneducated of your own race. who start it. The educated ones realize that would Only the South can solve its problems finally. A defeat their purpose, create more hate and prejudice. Southerner ordered around by a government which, The uneducated ones are much too afraid of their he has not yet forgotten, once humiliated and ruined white rulers to begin a rebellion. They have no arms. him becomes more stubborn and more determined to The whites do. They have the sympathy of the nation go his own way. There are right-thinking, American- with them now. If white men were killed in a fight thinking men and women in the South, of both races begun by Negroes, much of that sympathy would who work together, hope together, and who eventu­ shift to the other side. ally must win together for the progress of all. However it begins, once started it would be diffi­ But in the meantime, unless all Southerners wake cult to stop. If trouble does not come it will be because white up to the real dangers of shortsighted intolerance, supremists realize that is the last straw needed to and unless the country as a whole calls upon the wake up the country fully and completely to the fas- South to prove its intelligence, to prove it still knows cistic racial intolerance in the democracy for which the gentlemanly sportsmanship and manly justice it nine million white boys and one million black boys holds so dear — unless this happens and happens are risking their lives. soon, there are dark days ahead.

Basque Lover In the mountain-fastness lies Egregious lust interrogates Nearer flesh than husbandries, The loins' forgotten postulates, Fatal lover lipping mud Curious passion scuttles down Pliant to his amorous mood. The alleys where the eyes are gone.

On Cabuerniga's hill Beneath the body's lewd embrace Lavish death is conjugal — Twists October's present grass; Lover lying grasses wan And at the nostrils of the lover, Almost as interjacent bone. Quietly, the wind-seeds hover. . . . —Ralph Gustafson 55 CLO.-P.A.C. BACKS JOHNSTON And Olin Johnston has admitted this! TRUMAN BACKS JOHNSTON And tried to help him by snubbing Gov. Thurmond N.A.A.C.P. BACKS JOHNSTON And promised to turn out 200,000 negro votes

The jobs of while workers in our mills were threatened first in 1946 when the Civil Rights Congress met in Chicago and drew up plans to force negro workers into industries in the South. At this Congress was Frank Donner, CIO lawyer, shown at left above with others discussing their vicious Civil Rights program which Truman adopted to please negro voters. (Picture from CIO News) ALL 3 GROUPS ARE WORKING TO MIX THE RACES IN OUR MILLS Will YOU back Johnston and risk your job? THIS THING MUST BE STOPPED NOW CfO Officials Plan No Change On Segregation The CIO has prohibited tht seg­ regation of Negroes from white* in budding* or office* under it* con­ trol, even though Southern law» required it. Th» order WM issued by CIO fJeneral Counsel Arthur J. Gold­ berg wbossaid that, in his opinion, segregation laws are unconstitu­ tional and unv building lea«e with • segregation clause cannot be en- T n * I-rt A in r- <~\ i I r"+ CIO Politico Says Committee Is Stepping Up CIO-PAC and the NAACP are Negro instructor tells mixed CIO group how to get out working to replace whites with the vote on election day to swi \g elections and thus force ra //J/£./ / /

CONGRATULATIONS, HARRY/// FELLOW DEMOCRATS c~ DON'T FOR6ET I RAISED MONEY SOUTH CAROLINA/// I HATi FOR YOUR ELECTION.. I WOULD HAVE THAT LITTLE MAN IN THE VOTED FOR YOU IF IT HADN'T WHITE HOUSE.. HE IS SPONSOR­ RAINED ON ELECTION DAY... ING A LOT OF COMMUNIST Wi'LL TAKE CARE OF THEM LEGISLATION.... H£ IS A DSXSECRATS AND TURW TME BLABBERMOUTH.. DOWN HERE WE ARE ALL DEMOCRATIC PARTY ^s^" OF SOUTH CACOLtNA T STATES RIGHTS OVER TO VOU /// X DEMOCRATS// y PC ifo ft ~T\ Y_ . /// 12 \ V. it

\ I \ M'i \r

OLIN D. JOHNSTOK

STATEMENT BY GOV. 4. STROM THURMOND IN ANNOUNCING FOR — * IF HONORED WITH A SEAT IN THE SENATE.,I WILL NOT BE ONE KINO OF DEMOCRAT IN WASHINGTON AND ANOTHER KINO OF DEMOCRAT >N SOUTH CAROLINA.4^ You Can Fight These outside forces attempting to dictate this election, and fight their efforts to REPLACE WHITE WORKERS with NEGRO WORKERS IN OUR MILLS-By Voting For STROM THURMOND Who is a proven friend of the working people of South Carolina CONFUSED AGAIN? WILL SOMEONE PLEASE SOLVE THIS RIDDLE FOR US? A few years ago a momentous decision was handed down in the Federal Courts here by the Honorable J. Waites Waring giving Negroes the right to vote in the Democratic Party Prima­ ries. Great tumult and shouting followed amidst threats and dire predictions. Our congressman, ENCOURAGE BY THE LO­ CAL POLITICAL MACHINE, even attempted to institute impeach­ ment proceedings against Judge Waring for performing his ju­ dicial duty in the light of justice and fairplay. The present Mayor is alleged to have stated that BEFORE HE WOULD ASK FOR OR BENEFIT BY NEGRO VOTES, HE WOULD RETIRE TO McCLELLANVILLE. Negroes voted, however, and none ot the threats or pre­ dictions came to pass. The sky did not even fall. In all of this, mind you, The N.A.A.C.P., was in the front spearheading the fight for this democratic justice. NOW COMES THE RIDDLE & CONFUSION! Will someone please tell us WHY and NOW two prominent clergymen, one a PASTOR and the other a PRESIDING ELDER both of whom were among the top leadership bracket of the N. A.A.C.P., can possibly - openly and flagrantly endorse and sup­ port the present Mayor who represents the machine that tried to impeach the Judge who gave them the vote? DOG BITES THE HAND THAT FEEDS IT!! What Price Principle? We Admit We Are Confused! Do You Know The Answer? Independent Committee of Confused Citizens STATEMENT BY JOHN H. McCRAY

Rumors and reports, on plans and activities growing out of student demonstrations in Columbia, March 2nd and 3rd — and there seems to be truth in them — are so disturbing and regrettable that attention to the situation is.necessary if obvious disorder and irreparable harm are to be avoided.

Rumors are that some of these same students plan further demonstration, including.an appearance on the State House Groujjds, and that other young people plan to "breakup" any such demonstra­ tions by colored students.

Should misfortunes such as these befall Columbia, despite efforts by authorities to suppress them quickly, they will leave scars and memories of such magnitude as to create additional race problems rather than reduce them in the. eewMMityt

I have lived in Columbia 18 yaan, and «m proud of fellow,

Columbians and my city. We haven't achieved opmpleie satisfaction in racial harmony or needsj but nowhere in this area, of %he South have city and community leaders faced up ^p situations and up to problems in this category with greater «at§Ut .hone-sty a^-airwerity than has been exhibited in CpjLumhi* -diMHkig. iha last 12 tp l£ ywsra*

And this frank approach and -objective planning, in racial n»tt«ra were among reasons which placed Columbia third in "Ail Ameri-ee^ i ratings a few years ago, • ...... As best I recall, Columbia was the firat South (Saralina City. where colored Military Policeman were assigned to duty durjhng_ World War II, The city, J[n iis.i>wivHrttrht"r^employed both colored police officers and firemen later, and were convinced that these increased the protection of citizens, and Improved race relations. Since the inauguration of thei• r services, additional job opportunities in M• I i both the Polilce/t)epartment and the Fire Department for those colorec sU>nJ leants who clould qualify for positions have been available.

One year After Kaxcy Gregg Pool and Park was opened, the city established Drew Pool and Park and, at an 'ihIU*l" cost which was greater $pan that of the Maxcy Gregg facilities. The Drew ParV facilities wipe assigned to about 35 percent of th? city's popula- tio h, Within the last l< years, colored CoT'xr.bi^.r.s have held appoir'. .•;cOr &y Stat e:ae nI J .... ments on numerous City Commissions, (Two were naned §©• the- C|ty Health Commission within the last 15 days), community service agencfts and, generally, in just about evsry. area in which colored citizen*have shown interest. In the controversial Integration-segregation area, as far back as 1955, Columbians accepted desegregation of city buses and des .oregation of the t/*o railroad stations without fanfare or untowaru incident. The desegregated facilities at the Columbia Air­ port have bsen accepted as a matter of course. These are, of course, only a partial accounting; there are many oUi«r*0 But alcno with them should be included the countless occasions where concerned citizens, governmental and other leaders, have SSti. around conference tables and have faced frankly and squarely whatever problems and situations presented them* Where the issues have held merit I do not recall an exception to a final and satis­ factory solution. Truth is - in my judgment - colored leadership has found that the City Fathers are frequently far ahead of them In plan­ ning and Improving the opportunities and the protection within the community. It is therefore painful tc note that we have reached the point of penJJrc disaster, as at the moment. I do not, and cannot, object to the goal of these protest­ ing students • so long as their goal is, In substance: "One Service, One Policy, One City for ALL Columbians," In fact, the demonstration were expected and whether one agreed or disagreed with them, Colum­ bians understood and would have been surprised had they not occurred. The demonstrators left nothing to be desired in orderliness and general conduct en their first trip to Main Street; but the less raid abeut their mass invasion the next day, the better. As they matters ana acquire better understanding, our young people will know that on? doesu»t help his case when he tramples the >*ghtr. cf ethers while pursuing his own; that he doesn't *rrn»«*Vj'late unto himself and

,r gro > the entire sidewalR to ^ exci,1?ion o:; ethers-; tha'; half R \

grab all. available seats at. a stor* counter for hi* : ?.: g -/Mle decry­ ing the same thins when it Is reversed.

In fairness to them it cu-rfat to 1 - t\$\%4 that m-yry c3 the

student leaders have, sine* Tn-us^v. d*w;-:st-t|fcnv expjLsat! i^egre

r k. McCrays Statement -t, officers have denounced such collections as "premature and prejudi-

It is quite likely, of course* that Organizations and adults are sincere in their efforts to rally sapport for these students. . But in Columbia, axcep* when arrested on serious charges, students , of both races are usually released into custody of the administration of the colleges by city police Without the actual posting of cash or He other appearance bond. On those occasions when it has been necessary for organizations or others to provide appearance bonds for persons s jj arrested, the bonds have always been given by individuals or pro- fessional bondsmen,

• Actually none of the organizations have either the funds, collate eral necessary for bonding, credentials, or licenses for such purposes. Whenever it has been considered necessary to raise money for Cases and causes supported by Negroes, it has not been difficult to do so. But in all such instances, a single organization was assigned the job, and there weren't half a dozen or more competing and dupli- - eating small groups raising funds simultaneously for the same single cause. With this procedure having been well-established, and well-known, it is painful and regrettable t,o note apparent departure from it, and the introduction of what at best is financial abuse of Negro adults by some of their leaders and, worse and more heart-breaking, the exploitation of students in a heartless and cold scheme. As indicated earlier, I do not and cannot condone discrimination in public services beyond that necessary for the sexes, or for adults and youngsters. An eternal yearning Inside warns that, no matter how diligent, honest, peaceful and purposeful a life he tries to follow, a Negro Is repressed and restricted by enigma of race and color. i For half of my life, I am now slightly less than 50 - I have „ tried to help remedy this, matter. But I've followed strictly the ra^ of falrxvlay 2nd honeoty all down the line; I hnve never yaatafr. ** a right or privilege which I didn't also want for^thdrsj I have never knowing|y dared to trespass «pui thj -ihhts of others while campaigning for what I've though was mine. | I have found, time and again, that this procedure does net re- quire the sacrifice of i»rv p'1 rMplc or purpose >-•> which one is dedi- — _

lunch counter. Those who weald' p;i.t-s i.'ould ajpirir, for tna present, to have mad'. iHwir point arid collected on-s^ri; „ There is no further sense in tftteir lilting nffwdemonstrations ft-Jto thosus of laat week for the tii.r >slng. Antl certainly, none should ever r^ein be made like that of i£.i'& Thursday or, until the entire issue fees b*er worked on by city officials* the store operators and the rea: and responsible community leaders-yithin the two rases. 2, The whi*' leadership and citizens at large should be given Immediate and honest thought and effort to ravis-tno, racial customs at these c-stent an. There should be no fcrther public statements of veiled threats tj-Maafc demonstrators. The arrest or jailing of a •ingle person would only stimulate ^rid aggravate the picture, and *m*h worse, so muddie the situation as to make sensible and possible, soiu- tlon impossible, Fratkly. Imprisonment or arrest is what Is hoped for in some quarters. With it, the fund-raising, exploitation and fanning ef emotions rather than•-*$|je-al to rea^oi., e uld then be can- ^ \ ducted on a larger and mar*pre-ritaMe scale. - • I 3. We otufht put pride in anr community and our ?recerd thus I far above ail else. And this should be the spirit and'effort In all quarters. Already noted for its accomplishments in this respect, Columbia finds itself at the moment in a position «hera It cannot e»nlv 6! spose of tftt* treat em te the eetisfactia* af * •a.Je-rlty #f ita citizene, but it well might set th« spaee for the rast of the ScuthLajr/

; -^. ^r-Lf^s.uch materializes, it would mean a richer heritage and greatee hapf •» ness than is now possible. It has required great thought and decision to offer this state­ ment **ich. is certain to meet with df*»teisttce 4n some places. ftpw- 1 .• a ..*::c.^.. ^^TTrr*-B»»,:. IT • ' ev*r> 1 believe i¥bm the lot torn of my h#«rt «n4 f rom personal krtt>Wledf i. « gained over years of activity in the race relations area all I have jjSji tried tfc setforth. I regret having lb Include some of the statements The Editor The Columbia Record

Lest it be presumed otherwise, I quickly state I am not in the category of "Negro leaders" and have never considered myself in this group - whoever it may include. However, as a newspaperman and self-styled student of the race and color question a great many years I am confident that I have some

sort of a valid idea as to what is the basic problem in race relations today and the specific problem presumed Negro lead­ ers now face.

The Editor THE COLUMBIA RECORD

I find much in disagreement with The Columbia Record's belief (July 6) that Negro leaders hav« gone too far in current racial disputes, in the belie"** that white allies have been and are being lost and, that President Kennedy may be censured for inaction or, costly delay.

As to the first: As early as i960 it was evident that the so-called "Negro leader", self-styled or with fcxxjg be­ stowed title, had lost influence and control of his people. Speaking at Charlotte, N.C. that year Thurgood Marshall, former NAACP chief counsel, declared, in substance: "We (NAACP) haven't been going far and fast enough for our young people." His obvious reference was to the sit-in movement which was then sweeping the South and, which was spontaneous and without counsel or assistance of organizations or even lawyers. I've just returned from an assignment in connection with the 20th Annual Race Relations institute, held at Fisk Uni­ versity in Nashville, Tenn., attended for two weeks by apporx- imately 200 colored and white persons from 36 states, the Dis­ trict of Columbia, anfi two foreign countries. This non-sect­ arian, non-political conference, conducted by some of the ablest minds in the country, developed conclusions and analyses of what best explains the current status of our racial problems, some of which are: Page three

Jected to censorship of his coPy and was forced to dep£rt before auction got underway. The ,ther, "Doestick" ijtf£m less billigerent - remained hut his stories appear-to have been filed by some of the sale's management and carried little of histoiical value.

However, not a single plantation owner was seen in the crowd; they had boycotted and denounced the sale. Long es­ tablished custom was that except for persistent misconduct owners in the area did not sell their slaves, nor broke up slave families. The latter custom the sale's management volunteered to observe in a bid to pacify indignation the auction had created on surrounding plantations, xui Mr. Butler himself appeared in the grounds the second day and with a servant walked among the slaves passing out one dollars in lots of four shiny quarters. The Tribune axdsxx ±±xh±xafx mocked him for this.

A bell sounded the start of auction. Portly Major Stone, auctioneer, began proceedings by praising the "fine crowd of gentlemen," Georgia as first ranking among the States, and the "able-bodied and healthy niggers" on hand for sale, typXical of such proceedings.

Professional slave trADSRS were heaviest buyers of the ^29 lots sold. Col. Tom Pate of Vicksburg,Va., wellknown slave trader, purchased 220 families, or about one-half the lots. Later, when he vi-lated the agreement to keep families together, he touched off a series of tragic d aths in a feud which developed, and continued for many years.

Col. Pate sold to Pat Somers, another trader, a man, his wife and one sister, a second sister being sold to a resident of St. Louis, Mo. When Somers learned of the violat­ ion committed by Col. Pate he sent the \7oman back and demanded his money refunded. During an ensuring quarrel over the transaction Col. Pate shot -omers to death and, 10 days later, was himself killed by a Nephew of Somers. The nephew, to , died of wounds received in the fight with Col. Pate. LsMe

COLUMBIA,' S. C—While 27 Negroes in Columbia had enrolled in Democratic Club roll3 to vote in the primary election of July 25, none of these were permitted to vote when they appeared at the polls. Politely, managers and poll workers told them that their names had not been certi­ fied and they were Tnot entitled to vote. About 18 of tile' 27 presented themselves in Columbia and- .Were summarily refused. Leading the ~ token . effort • to vote were, James M. Hiriton, Secretary to the'Negro Citizens Committee which has already raised funds for court action along the line of that in Texas, and Rev. E. A. Adams, Chairman of;: ti)e Committee. Each said that the attempt'to vote WM only for the purpose of completing data: with which to open the court case expected to develop momentarily. Reports from'-Sumpter, Spar­ tanburg, Florence, .' Charleston, Cheraw, Gaffney, Greenville'and other cities indicate that token efforts were made in these places to vote and were met with denials. Negro delegation from South Carolina, caught Several affidavits have been made since by Defender camera upon their arrival at head- the refusal and are reported to be in the £«.?• ,?lndley Cyrus ^d Sydney P. Brown rjTJ" the AlpHa h°tel inChicago 'where hands of NAACP lawyers who arc expected they held counsel wiih their attorneys, afi ^egal advasors to the delegation. Second «£ to handle the case. Meanwhile the Pro-;. er J. C. Brown, J. B. Drake, Levi G. Bvrd J B gressive Democratic Party, attacking the McBrfd. and James E. prioieau. second assist-' white Democratic Party through the gen­ ant^secretary Third row: A. J. Clement Jr. e eniSd the ght t0 sit eral election.'-Viagked this week that Gov­ So7tr7rl r " « the official Mrs. Bessje Brown, Davd Pugh and Robert F ernor Olin D. Johnston, elected to the Sen­ Mormon. Fourth row: Dr. S. D. BrovS John ri. ,"*» and S- C' BIa<*shear. Top row- Re " ate over Ellison D. (Cotton Ed) Smith, in McDonaS; G°lpin' ^ H°™* »^ S *3 Tuesday's primary, see that State laws with reference to registration were en­ ^secretary; ^gJ^gXS" forced. The Governor was told that vicious efforts were being made in several coun­ ties to prevent Negroes from both register­ ing and paying poll taxes^ The Progressives announced also a second State Convention for August 9, one week after the white Democrats hold a second convention. An pffective stale-wide program for registra­ tion is now in full force and a. record reg- REFUSES SEATS l-tration is expected during August. TO NEGRO GROUP »••''"'•*• PWPWWPi|lJWBRW|1 WW1'.1'' •J.lt'T^^'?^^.'^ ••^" ^«».'•^-^!^-r" •'" TFpW---'': *?r>?™''»-*xemQ , -• i»ii»«.»i I.I-, i i 'ijt«i«i^je^

E. A. FILLER TIME BOMB

ARCO PUBLISHING COMPANY NEW YORK I' ITtMlHf

COPYRIGHT 1945 BY ARCO PUBLISHING COMPANY NEW YORK, N. Y. CONTENTS

AH rights reserved Chapter Page

Fourth Printing 1. THE ELEMENTS OF THE BOMB 9

2. THE STRANGE ALLIANCES 16

3. DYNAMITE IN DIXIE 42 AUTHOR'S NOTE It is important to remember, in reading this book, that the 4. THE MIDWEST REDOUBT 65 fascists, the fringe-fascists and the disruptionisls have made 5. HOPE AND DANGER IN THE WEST .... 94 every effort to draw as many people and organizations as pos­ sible into their activity. Many people and organizations whose 6. IN THE SHADOW OF CAPITOL HILL ... 102 names appear in these pages are not fascists, nor are they en­ emies of the United States. But wittingly or unwittingly they 7. THE "MOM" MENACE 109 did, where indicated as having done so here, play into the hands of the fascists within our borders. The inclusion of their 8. WILL THE VETERANS MARCH? 121 names in these pages does not infer that they deliberately harmed the welfare of America or American democracy. 9. THE HATE SHEET 134 10. AID AND COMFORT 149

11. PEOPLE ON OUR SIDE 168

12. WHAT YOU CAN DO 178

APPENDIX .184 A list of committees and organizations whose work This book is complete and unabridged, and upholds the traditions of democracy in the United States is manufactured in strict conformity with government regulations for saving paper

2 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

tttjgajjgjjtfl. activities with The Christian American illustrate. He was secure the passage of the "Anti-Violence" Statute in Texas, . equally effective on , behalf of the Southern Committee to Arkansas, Florida, Alabama, Colorado, Kansas, South Dakota, Minnesota, Idaho and Wisconsin. Uphold the Constitution. In effect his activities had become '$ so disruptive that he was ordered to appear before the Senate In his barnstorming trips, meeting with legislators and busi­ Special Committee to Investigate Lobbying Activities, which nessmen, he has publicly stated that the present objective of met during the second session of the 74th Congress on April the CA in the current campaign is to get the CA-sponsored 15, 1936. anti-union laws on the statute books of the entire twenty Under cross-examination by the then Senator Hugo Black, states of the South and West which are predominantly agricul­ Muse admitted that his Committee was responsible for print­ tural and where unions are still weak. Muse has listed these ing and distributing literature showing Mrs. Roosevelt in states as Oregon, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, Colo­ the company of Negroes, and quoting Mrs. Roosevelt as rado, New Mexico, Kansas, Minnesota, Iowa, Arkansas, m stating that Negroes were welcome and frequent visitors at Florida, North Carolina, SoudiCarolina West Virginia, Mary­ the White House, Muse also admitted being the originator of land, Texas, Tennessee, Georgia and Oklahoma. Nor is this vicious literature, aimed at stirring up race hatred, and claimed an idle hope or a mere organization wish. It is the planned that Governor Talmadge had urged its distribution. program of The Christian American (with resources and brains When Senator Black demanded of Muse whether Kirby's behind it) to stampede every one of these states into pass­ age of both the "Right to Work" measure (with its provision Order of American Patriots had anything to do with the dis­ calling for a federal amendment outlawing federal labor tributions, Muse defied the Senate Committee and declared: rights) and the "Anti-Violence" Statute. "I won't talk about my fraternal connections. I am not going to talk when I've sworn on the flag and Bible that I am not going to discuss these things." (Incidentally, the Klan Other Christian American leading lights have just as inter­ oath is also taken upon the flag and Bible.) Later, under esting backgrounds as Vance Muse. cross-questioning, Muse shouted: "I am a southerner and I am According to a Christian American leaflet, Maco Stewart, . ri for white supremacy!" During the same hearing, this south­ Sr., who was born in Galveston, Texas, "was generally con­ ern "patriot" admitted meeting with fascist Gerald L. K. sidered to be the greatest title lawyer in the South. But he Smith in an Atlanta hotel. was more than a lawyer, for he was also a financier and man Interviewed in 1942 by a reporter from the Houston of affairs. . . . About eight years ago, Lewis Valentine Ulrey, • is Chronicle, Muse boasted of The Christian American's connec­ a university-trained man of wide learning and experience, ! tions with big money and power political circles, stating, "There a former Democratic State Senator in Indiana, a geologist, are 25 responsible men spread through twelve southern engineer and oil producer, who had gone to Galveston for m states whose names are not to be revealed for obvious reasons." his health, became 'Geologist and Consulting Engineer' for Vance Muse works with enormous energy as well as de­ Maco Stewart and Son, and also took charge of their anti- termination. There is not a legislative hall or big business radical activities. Senator Ulrey still serves the Stewarts." circle in the South which has not felt the impact of his per­ Lewis Valentine Ulrey also won fame in open-shop circles sonal presence and activities. Sometimes following and some­ by advocating the twelve hour work day. Lewis Valentine times trailblazing for Senator O'Daniel (who has addressed Ulrey once took over distribution op Gerald Winrod's hate most legislative bodies in the South on behalf of The Chris­ propaganda in the South, after Winrod was indicted by the tian American's union-busting bills) Muse has helped to Federal Government on charges of alleged conspiracy with I 50 51 II

••^'>-ataaife.tat-*x -JOKHI L-arolina / rociiuced \ Teen-age gangs battle (HEH OF THE monTH in big city streets flew I otiticcit oLeactteri Condensed from Black Dispatch Lianalancl ^Jn C^mbruo /lOHN HENRY McCRAY, editor of the Columbia, i Jjf South Carolina, newspaper, The Lighthouse and (y Informer, and Osceola E. McKaine, of Sumter, S. C, Condensed from Common Sense associate editor of the Informer, are leaders of the recently founded Progressive Democratic party of the state. By Bradford Chambers Following the historic United States Supreme Court decision that a state cannot write "its electoral process in C^ I HE BOYS' gang is no new war between two gangs may flare a form which permits a private organization to practice / phenomenon; it has flour- up and involve the rest of the discrimination in the election," the South Carolina legis­ **^ ished wherever boys have community in a "race riot" or lature met in extra session, repealed all of its election felt the desire to band to- ' "zoot riot"—depending on the laws and left the administration of the voting laws to gether for their own purposes. Its complexion of the minority group. local party chairmen. activities, constructive or destruc­ The picture of boys (and girls, tive, have been determined by the for the gangs have their ladies' Straightway, South Carolina Negroes, responding to temper of the boys, the environ­ auxiliaries) going "nigger hunt­ a call from McCray and McKaine, met in Columbia and ment and other circumstances. The ing" or "Jew hunting" is forebod­ formed a political party of their own. Memberships were streets of large cities have been ing. When Hitler's first blitz— recruited in counties all over the state. Liberal whites the natural habitat of the gangs, in Germany itself—was under way, joined the organization. A $5 contribution was sent and street fighting has never been he enlisted just such groups of by a white widow who explained that each year she uncommon. youngsters, ready to submerge their set aside her widow's mite for charity which she usually But recently, boys' gangland has frustration in hatred of the Jews, gave to the Red Cross or the Community Chest, but this erupted into the news and into the their insecurity in the cohesive year the politicians needed it. consciousness of Americans with a loyalty to the group and the leader, violence almost on a par with the their love of excitement in wild Senator Burnet R. Maybank (D., S. C), declared he racketeering gangs of the Prohibi­ street fights. Fascism inevitably would "take a walk" from the Democratic party if the tion Era. The growing forces of has as its cohorts the organized eighteen delegates from the new Democratic party are the gangs and the ferociousness of youth gang, for its attitudes—• seated at the National Convention in Chicago, July 19. their conflict are part of the serious loyalty to the gang and the leader increase in juvenile delinquency in and unconcern for the larger loyalty McCray, a Charlestonian and a graduate of Talladega wartime, but their real significance to the community, fighting for the College, replied: "We are not concerned over Mr. May- goes deeper. Gang wars are now sake of fighting, and persecution bank's opinion." The Progressive Democrats will seek to race wars—not only boy against of a minority—may easily yield to be seated in place of those elected by the lily-white boy and gang against gang, but fascist influence. Thus, the race Democratic Convention. Negro against white, Mexican wars of the gangs in American against white, Jew against non- cities spell real danger. Copyright, Black Dispatch (June 10, 1944) Jew. Often, what begins as a The power of the gang extends

54 Copyright, Common Sense (June, 1944) 55 A/*fr» At^st*- Oc*£y /?4V

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PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIA PENNSYLVANIA, LANCASTER NEW YORK, ST. ALBANS OHIO, COLUMBUS Mayor's Committee on Goodwill Lancaster Interracial Council Citizens' Committee for Promotion of Columbus Council for Democracy' Headquarters: C42 City Hall, Phila­ Headquarters: Willow Street, Route Interracial Understanding Headquarters: Room 7, 9 East Long delphia, Pennsylvania. No. 1, Lancaster County, Pennsyl­ Headquarters: 110-34 173rd Street, Street, Columbus 15, Ohio. Officers: Dr. Alexander J. Stoddard, vania. St. Albans, New York. Officers: Ray S. Reinert, president, chairman; Mrs. Francis R. Straw- r: Rev. N. W. Shollenberger, Officer:/Mrs. Sadie Jefferson, chair­ Board of Trustees; Marshall L. bridge, secretary. man. Scott, secretary. City-Wide Interracial Committee tablished by request of State C SOUTH CAROLINA, CHARLESTON NEW YORK, SCHENECTADY OHIO, CLEVELAND mission on Urban Colored Pop Bi-Racial Committee" Committee on Democratic Practices Citizens' Unity Committee tion) Headquarters: 56 Rutledge Avenue, (Mayor's committee) Headquarters: 110 Oxford Place, Charleston, South Carolina. Headquarters: Office of Mayor, City Headquarters: 305 Bankers Security Schenectady 8, New York. Building, Philadelphia, Pennsyl­ Officer: C. O. Getty, chairman. Hall, Cleveland, Ohio. Officers: Dr. Burges Johnson, chair­ vania. Officer: Rev. R. D. Sharpe, secretary. man; Joseph Czyzewski, secretary. Officers: Dr. Jacob Billikopf, chair­ SOUTH CAROLINA, GREENWOOD NEW YORK, SYRACUSE OHIO, DAYTON man. Greenwood County Interracial Com' mittee" Federation of Interracial Croups Dayton Committee on Interracial Jus­ Council for Equal Job Opportunity Headquarters: First Presbyterian Headquarters: 472 James Street, Syra­ tice and Goodwill (Mayor's com­ Headquarters: Room 923, 121 North Church, Greenwood, South Caro­ cuse 3, New York. mittee) Broad Street, Philadelphia 17, Penn­ lina. Officer: Dr. Robert E. Romig, chair­ Headquarters: 21-25 Davies Building, sylvania. man. Dayton 2, Ohio. Officer: Robert Parker, acting secre­ Officer: Rev. Roswell C. Long, pres­ ident. Syracuse Interracial Croup Officer: Rev. Kemper G. McComb, tary. secretary. Catholic Interracial Cotincil" Headquarters: 561 Cedar St., Syra­ SOUTH CAROLINA, ROCK HILL cuse 3, New York. OHIO, TOLEDO Headquarters: Gesu Girls' Parochial Rock Hill Council of Interracial Co­ Officer: Mrs. Louise B. Holly, secre­ School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Interracial Committee of Toledo' operation" tary. (Mayor's committee) Officer: Mrs. Anna M. McGarry, tem­ porary chairman. Headquarters: First Baptist Church, NORTH CAROLINA, GREENSBORO Headquarters: Textileather Corpora­ Rock Hill, South Carolina. tion, Dayton Street, Toledo, Ohio. Germantown and Chestnut Hill Inter­ Guilford County Interracial Committee racial Committee" Officers: Rev. A. B. Hawkes, chair Headquarters: 1402 Washington Officers: C. Arthur Collin, president; man; Rev. W. E. Houston, secre Mrs. Frances B. Wade, secretary. Headquarters: 34 West Duval Street, Street, Greensboro, North Carolina. Germantown, Philadelphia 44, tary. Officers: Charles A. Hines, chairman; Citizens' Committee on Race Relations Pennsylvania. SOUTH DAKOTA, SIOUX FAL Mrs. Martha S. Gorleigh, secretary. Headquarters: Office of the Mayor, City Hall, Toledo. Officers: Stanley R. Yarnall, chairman; Interracial Committee (Finally organ­ Greensboro Intercollegiate Commis­ . Mrs. Olivia Y. Taylor, secretary. sion on Race Relations" Officers: Rev. Calvin K. Stalnaker ized as a branch of NAACP) and Mayor Lloyd E. Roulet, co- Interracial Discussion Group" Headquarters: Guilford College, Guil­ Headquarters: 827 S. Dakota Avenue, chairmen. Headquarters: 4032 Spruce Street, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. ford College, North Carolina. Philadelphia 4, Pennsylvania. PENNSYLVANIA, ERIE Officers: Benjamin Marqulies, chair­ Officers: Andrew Headen, president; Officers: Mrs. Nana P. Dunn, chair­ Interracial Committee man. Frances Walcott, secretary-trea­ man; Joseph M. Gorelik, executive Headquartersc Booker T. Washington surer. secretary. TENNESSEE, KNOXVILLE Center, 133 E. Third Street, Erie, OHIO, CINCINNATI Knoxville Interracial Commission" Pennsylvania. PENNSYLVANIA, PITTSBURGH Mayor's Friendly Relations Commit­ Headquarters: Y.M.C.A., Cansler Officer: Miss Elsie Drew, secretary. tee" Interracial Committee of Allegheny Branch, 208 E. Vine Avenue, Knox­ Headquarters: 1111 Keith Building, PENNSYLVANIA, HARRISBURG County ville 15, Tennessee. Cincinnati 2, Ohio. Interracial Group Headquarters: 14 Wood Street, Pitts­ Officers: Dr. I. P. Martin, chairman; Officers: Mayor James Garfield Stew­ Headquarters: 1831 Market Street, burgh, Pennsylvania. David N. Howell, secretary. art, chairman; Robert E. Segal, sec­ Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Officer: Edward O. Tabor, chairman. retary. Officer: W. Justin Carter, chairman. Interracial Group Organization (Es­ TENNESSE, NASHVILLE Inter-Faith Race Relations Committee Harrisburg Service Council (an Urban tablished by Pittsburgh Chamber of Committee on Human Relations of Disciples of Christ League affiliate) Commerce) Headquarters: McKendree Methodist Headquarters: College of the Bible, Headquarters: 825 N. Sixth Street, Headquarters: 14 Wood Street, Pitts­ Church, Nashville, Tennessee. Lexington, Kentucky. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. burgh, Pennsylvania. Officers: Dr. King Vivion, chairman; Officers: Dr. Stephen Cory and Rob­ Officer: Henry R. Smith, Jr., chair­ Officer: Edward O. Tabor, chairman. Mrs. Charles S. Johnson, secretary. ert Segal, co-chairmen. man. 193 192