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Stacie Taranto Defending ―Family Values‖: Women‘s Grassroots Politics and the Republican Right, 1970-1980 By Stacie Taranto A.B., Duke University, 2001 A.M., Brown University, 2005 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island May 2010 © Copyright 2010 by Stacie Taranto This dissertation by Stacie Taranto is accepted in its present form by the Department of History as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date_______________ __________________________________________ Mari Jo Buhle, Advisor Date_______________ __________________________________________ Robert Self, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date_______________ __________________________________________ Naoko Shibusawa, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date_______________ __________________________________________ Sheila Bonde, Dean of the Graduate School iii Stacie Taranto, Curriculum Vitae April 21, 1979, Winchester, MA ________________________________________________________________________ Education Brown University, Providence, RI Ph.D., History, May 2010 A.M., History, May 2005 Duke University, Durham, NC A.B., History, May 2001 Honors Distinction in History Magna Cum Laude University of San Paolo, Madrid, Spain Study Abroad Program, Fall 1999 Awards American Association of University Women American Dissertation Fellowship, 2008-2009 Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation Dissertation Fellowship in Women‘s Studies, 2008-2009 New York State Partnership Trust and Archives Larry J. Hackman Research Residency Program Travel Grant, 2008 The Rockefeller Archive Center Grants-in-Aid Program Travel Grant, 2008 Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University Dissertation Grant, 2007 Brown University Graduate School Fellowship, 2009-2010 Miss Abbott‘s School Alumnae Fellowship, 2007-2008 Teaching Experience Brown University, Co-Instructor ―Sex, Drugs, and Rock ‗n‘ Roll?: Understanding the Sixties,‖ Summer Studies, 2008-2010 Brown University, Teaching Assistant ―Modern Middle East History,‖ Prof. Engin Akarli, Spring 2007 ―U.S. Politics and Society After 1945,‖ Prof. Robert Self, Fall 2006 iv ―America and the Vietnam War,‖ Prof. Andrew Huebner, Spring 2006 ―U.S. Urban History Since 1870,‖ Prof. Howard Chudacoff, Fall 2005 Publications ―Ellen McCormack for President: Politics and an Improbable Path to Passing Anti-Abortion Policy,‖ article under revision; article chosen as one of five finalists for the Organization of American Historians‘ 2009 Louis Pelzer Memorial Award for best graduate student essay ―The Sheppard-Towner Maternity and Infancy Act and Its Reception in Rhode Island,‖ Rhode Island History 66, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 2008): p. 3-21 Presentations Organization of American Historians, Annual Meeting, 2009 Paper entitled, ―Ellen McCormack for President: Women, Abortion, and Political Realignment, 1976-1980‖ New York State Political Science Association, Annual Conference, 2009 Paper entitled, ―Women, Abortion, and Presidential Politics‖ American Association of University Women, Willimantic Chapter Meeting, 2009 Paper entitled, ―Women and the New Right‖ The Toward a Comparative Discussion on ―Rightist‖ Movements Conference, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 2008 Paper entitled, ―Women, Grassroots Politics, and the New Right‖ The 18th Annual Thinking Gender Graduate Student Conference, University of California at Los Angeles, 2008 Paper entitled, ―Debating Family Values: Women and Grassroots Conservatism, 1970-1992‖ The 9th Annual Researching New York Conference, University at Albany, State University of New York, 2007 Paper entitled, ―Move Over Rockefeller: The Family Values Movement in New York State, 1970-1992‖ Professional Service History Department, Brown University Department Liaison, History Graduate Student Association, 2006-2007 Mentor, Brown Journal of History, 2007 The 3rd Annual Interdisciplinary Graduate Student Conference, Brown University Conference Chair, 2007 Commenter; Panel entitled, ―Thunder on the Right,‖ 2007 v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am very grateful to all the institutions that funded this project, primarily the Graduate School and History Department at Brown University. The American Association of University Women offered me a year-long American Dissertation Fellowship at a critical juncture in 2008-2009; I was honored to receive this award from an organization that has fought for the education and equity of women and girls for over a century. I also benefitted from a generous Woodrow Wilson Dissertation Fellowship in Women‘s Studies in the 2008-2009 academic year. Additional grants sustained my frequent research trips, and for that crucial support I am indebted to the Schlesinger Library and Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, the Larry J. Hackman Research Residency Program at the New York State Partnership Trust and Archives, and the Grants-in-Aid Program at The Rockefeller Archive Center. I appreciated the professionalism and interest in my project that several archivists displayed at libraries across New York State and the country. In particular, I would like to thank those who work at the University at Albany, Columbia University, Cornell University, Harvard University, the Library of Congress, Marymount Manhattan College, the New York State Partnership Trust and Archives, New York University, The Rockefeller Archive Center, The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, and Stony Brook University. I would like to acknowledge the women and men who talked to me about their prior involvement in New York State politics—many of whom put me in contact with their former associates and sent me personal files that augmented my research. Thank vi you, Terry Anselmi, Richard Bruno, Margie Fitton, Jane Gilroy, Pat Gmerek, Phyllis Graham, John Harrington, Ginny Lavan Taylor, Claire and John Middleton, Phyllis Schlafly, and Annette Stern. Your stories shaped every aspect of the narrative. I am grateful to my committee members—Mari Jo Buhle, Robert Self, and Naoko Shibusawa—for helping me mold the dissertation and think about ways to expand the project in the future. All three members were unfailingly generous with their time and encouragement. Naoko, thank you for exceeding your duties as a reader by providing advice on multiple chapter drafts and several other professional concerns. Mari Jo and Robert worked together seamlessly as my co-advisors. Mari Jo, thank you for nurturing my commitment to women‘s history and convening a dissertation writing group to keep my colleagues and me on track; your ideas and our feedback sessions informed my chapter revisions. I was honored to be a part of your last cohort of graduate students at Brown. I owe an incredible intellectual debt to Robert Self, who knows the project inside- out. Thank you, Robert, for pushing me to write more clearly and expand my analysis. You have transformed the project, shaped my understanding of postwar America, and taught me a great deal about teaching and mentoring. It would have been impossible to complete this dissertation and the various phases of graduate school without wonderful classmates and friends. Many thanks to everyone who read my chapter drafts and allowed me to learn from their research, especially Lara Couturier, Nicole Eaton, Jess Foley, Paige Meltzer, and Derek Seidman. Your friendship helped me survive graduate school and stay connected to Brown while I was away from campus—just as Caitlin Murphy, Katherine Flynn, and Sam Schoeller had a profound impact on my first years in Providence. I am also thankful for new and old friends in vii Ithaca, Albany, New York City, Boston, and Washington, DC, who asked about the project, occasionally hosted me on research trips, and provided many laughs and cherished memories. A special thanks to Jaimie Davis, in particular, for her editing prowess. As always, my family has been my biggest source of love and support. My parents, Terrie and Joe Taranto, have always believed in me and encouraged me to reach my fullest potential. I am also grateful to my brothers, Joe, Jim, and John Taranto, and to members of my extended family, including Marra and Giselle Balagat, for seeing me through this process. Above all, my husband, Vincent Balagat, has helped me from start to finish—from reading over my graduate school applications to proof-reading the final draft of the dissertation. Thank you for everything. I look forward to beginning the next phase of our careers and life together in the city where we first met nearly a decade ago. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One Introduction: Inventing a New Politics of ―Family Values‖ in New York State and the Nation, 1970-1980 …………………………………………….. 1 Chapter Two Women, Abortion, and Female Political Mobilization, 1970-1973 …………. 37 Chapter Three The New York State Equal Rights Amendment and ―Pro-Family‖ Politics, 1974-1975 ……………………………………………………………………. 87 Chapter Four Women, Gender, and the Conservative ―Pro-Family‖ Movement, 1976-1980 …………………………………………………………………… 137 Chapter Five Ellen McCormack for President: Abortion and Democratic Party Politics in 1976 ………………………………………………………………………. 188 Chapter Six ―Family Values‖ and the Makings of a More Conservative Republican Party, 1976-1980 ………………………………………………..................... 234 Chapter Seven Epilogue: A Brief Reflection on ―Family Values‖ and Party Politics Beyond 1980 ………………………………………………………………... 288 Bibliography
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