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Lord of War- Arts Plastiques Collège Léonard de Vinci – Arts plastiques – 3° - Année 2012-2013 Lord of War Présenter: Il s’agit d’un long-métrage d’ Andrew Niccol (réalisateur de Bienvenue à Gattaca et scénariste de The Truman Show), réalisé en 2006, aux USA, d’une durée de 115’. Les acteurs principaux sont Nicolas Cage - qui a joué avec Lynch (Sailor et Lula) ou Scorsese (A tombeau ouvert - ,Bridget Moynahan, Jared Leto, Ethan Hawke et Ian Holm. L’extrait étudié est le générique du film. 1 Collège Léonard de Vinci – Arts plastiques – 3° - Année 2012-2013 Lord of War Décrire: Ce film, s’affirme, dès son générique coup de poing, par son héros, ou anti-héros, vêtu d’un costume noir et portant un attaché-case, qui, cyniquement, face caméra, énonce le credo du parfait marchand d’armes sur un sol jonché de douilles métalliques, dans un décor de carcasses de voitures en feu, de ruines fumantes, sous un soleil écrasant : -« On estime à environ 550 millions le nombre d’armes à feu actuellement en circulation, autrement dit, il y a un homme sur douze qui est armé sur cette planète, la seule question c’est… … Comment armer les onze autres ? » Puis, suit le trajet, « la vie » d’une balle, d’une munition de guerre, de sa naissance dans la chaîne de fabrication dans une usine d’armement de l’ex-union Soviétique, à sa mort dans le front d’un enfant africain dans lequel elle finit sa course. Contextualiser: Sur un scénario documenté, pédagogique, c’est une véritable leçon de géopolitique qui rend accessible à tous le désordre mondial du deuxième millénaire. Au tournant des années 2000, c'est en Afrique que l'horreur est à son apogée : notre anti-héros approvisionne en armes et munitions un sanguinaire " seigneur de la guerre " qui ressemble beaucoup à Charles Taylor, l'ancien président du Liberia, convaincu de crimes contre l'humanité en Sierra Leone. Infos... Le Russe Viktor Bout est l'homme qui a inspiré le personnage principal du film, il a été arrêté en 2008 et reconnu coupable à New York de trafic d'armes le 5 avril 2012, et condamné à 25 ans de prison et une amende de 15 millions de dollars. Analyser: « Lord of war »est une œuvre à part… En prenant comme héros Yuri Orlov, Andrew Niccol ne craint pas d'utiliser comme armes le cynisme et l'humour noir* (des citations illustreront ces propos) afin de dénoncer les malversations des trafiquants d’armes. La liberté de ton, l'ironie dévastatrice ne doivent pas cacher la nature dénonciatrice, l'engagement de cet étonnant pamphlet : Voici le film américain le plus anti-politiquement correct de ces dernières années. C’est le générique de cette œuvre cinématographique que nous allons tâcher d’analyser, et voir en quoi cette œuvre cinématographique est engagée : 2 Collège Léonard de Vinci – Arts plastiques – 3° - Année 2012-2013 Lord of War A- Générique/Partie 1: Présentation du personnage principal : Long travelling avant sur l‘asphalte brûlant recouvert de douilles métalliques : Poursuite du travelling qui nous amène sur un homme, de dos, vêtu d’un costume sombre et portant un attaché-case, semblant issu du sol recouvert de douilles, et qui a l’air de contempler le paysage de ruines, comme un artiste contemple son œuvre. Le plan se resserre sur cet homme, toujours de dos. Plan fixe, l’homme se retourne et regarde la caméra, il s’adresse directement au spectateur, il le prend à témoin, puis, d’une voix douce, avec un sourire un peu contrit, il énonce avec détachement : 3 Collège Léonard de Vinci – Arts plastiques – 3° - Année 2012-2013 Lord of War “There are over 550 million firearms in worldwide circulation. That's one firearm for every twelve people on the planet. The only question is … how do we arm the other eleven ?” « On estime à environ 550 millions le nombre d’armes à feu actuellement en circulation, autrement dit, il y a un homme sur douze qui est armé sur cette planète, la seule question c’est… Comment armer les onze autres ? » Cette séquence d’introduction, s’achève sur un nouveau sourire désabusé de cet homme, qui vient de nous expliquer cyniquement en quoi consiste son métier de trafiquant d’armes… B- Générique/Partie 2: le trajet d'une balle, de l'usine, au front de l'enfant. africain. La séquence débute au rythme de la chanson « For what it’s worth » du groupe Buffalo Springfield : Nous sommes dans une usine aux tons bleutés et froids. Dans un long mouvement de caméra descendant, nous arrivons devant une bande de métal cuivré qui entre par saccades (au rythme de la musique) dans une machine située à côté d’une étoile à cinq branches, symbole de l’Union soviétique. 4 Collège Léonard de Vinci – Arts plastiques – 3° - Année 2012-2013 Lord of War Nous pénétrons alors dans cette machine, envahie par un vacarme de chocs métalliques, alignés rythmiquement sur la mélodie et nous suivons les différentes étapes de la fabrication d’une balle. Moment très important de la séquence : Nous devenons la balle. La caméra « se greffe »sur la balle qui vient d’être fabriquée et que nous suivions comme simple spectateur : Nous devenons la balle par le biais de la caméra subjective. * Citations... “I never sold to Oussama Ben Laden. Not any moral grounds, but back then he was always bouncing cheque.” « Je n'ai jamais fait d'affaires avec Ben Laden. Pas pour des raisons morales, mais parce qu'à l'époque il faisait des chèques en bois. » Yuri Orlov. 5 Collège Léonard de Vinci – Arts plastiques – 3° - Année 2012-2013 Lord of War Première manipulation sur la chaîne, nous comprenons que nous ne pouvons que subir, qu’être utilisés, manipulés, comme objet, comme spectateur, nous nous laissons porter, impuissants. * Citations... -“How many car salesmen talk about their work, huh? How many cigarette salesmen? Both their products kill more people every year than mine. At least mine has a safety switch.” -« Combien de vendeurs d'auto parlent de leur travail ? Hein ? Combien de vendeurs de tabac ? Pourtant leurs deux produits tuent plus de monde chaque année que les miens ! Et sur les miens : il y a un cran de sûreté ! »Yuri Orlov. -“You know who's going to inherit the Earth? Arms dealers. Because everyone else is too busy killing each other. That's the secret to survival. Never go to war. [pause] Especially with yourself.” -« Vous savez qui héritera de la Terre ? Les marchands d'armes. Parce que tous les autres sont trop occupés à s'entretuer. C'est le secret si on veut survivre. Ne jamais faire la guerre. [pause] Spécialement contre soi-même. »Yuri Orlov. 6 Collège Léonard de Vinci – Arts plastiques – 3° - Année 2012-2013 Lord of War Fermeture de la caisse, nous sommes devenus anonymes, une balle parmi des centaines, des milliers d’autres… Départ pour une destination inconnue, dans un port, tons bleutés, officier soviétique vérifiant le contenu de la caisse. Puis… Noir… * Citations... -“The first and most important rule of gunrunning is never get shot with your own merchandise.” -« La première et plus importante règle du trafic d'arme est de ne jamais se faire tirer dessus avec sa propre marchandise. »Yuri Orlov. -“Nine out of ten war victims today are killed with assault rifles and small arms like yours [Yuri]. Those nuclear missiles? They sit in their silos. Your AK-47? That is the real weapon of mass destruction.” -« Aujourd'hui, neuf victimes de guerre sur dix sont tuées avec des fusils d'assaut et de petites armes comme les tiennes [celles de Yuri]. Ces missiles nucléaires ? Ils restent dans leur silo. Ton AK-47 ? Ça c'est la vraie arme de destruction massive. » Nouvelle ouverture : Ellipse temporelle et spatiale. Changement de couleurs, tons chauds, la nervosité fait place au calme répétitif et méthodique de l’usine d’armement, soldats noirs armés, sans uniformes. 7 Collège Léonard de Vinci – Arts plastiques – 3° - Année 2012-2013 Lord of War Chute de la caisse, le/la spectateur/balle est une nouvelle fois manipulé(e) et remis(e) dans la caisse. * Citations... -“Every day there's people shooting each other. You know what I do when I see that? I look to see what guns they're using and I think to myself, why not my guns?” -« Tous les jours des gens se tirent dessus. Tu sais ce que je fais quand je vois ça ? Je regarde quelles armes ils utilisent, et me demande : pourquoi pas les miennes ? »Yuri Orlov. -“In my experience, some of the most successful relationships are based on lies and deceit. Since that's where they usually end up anyway, it's a logical place to start.” -« D'après mon expérience, certaines des relations les plus réussies sont basées sur le mensonge et la tromperie. Comme c'est là qu'elles termineront de toute façon, c'est la manière logique de les commencer. »Yuri Orlov. 8 Collège Léonard de Vinci – Arts plastiques – 3° - Année 2012-2013 Lord of War Après le voyage, arrivée dans une ville, bruits de tirs d’armes automatiques, nervosité des soldats, chanson toujours présente… Nouvelle manipulation, le spectateur/balle est introduit dans un chargeur de kalachnikov… Le son des rafales est de plus en plus pressant, omniprésent. Le tireur qui nous a mis dans on chargeur fait feu et nous remontons jusqu’à être en face du canon. Nous suivons les mouvements nerveux du tireur… * Citations... -“I sold to leftists, and rightists. I'd sell to pacifists, but they're not the most regular customers.” -« J'ai autant de clients de gauche que de droite, je travaillerais même avec des pacifistes mais ce ne sont pas d'assez gros consommateurs.
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