Polish Botanical Journal 58(1): 267–277, 2013 DOI: 10.2478/pbj-2013-0027

The GuaranÍ land – checklist of hornworts (Anthocerotophyta) and liverworts () of Paraguay1

La r s Sö d e r s t r ö m , An d e r s Ha g b o r g , Ma t t v o n Ko n r at & An a Sé n e c a

Abstract. The first ever liverwort and hornwort checklist is provided for Paraguay. Despite the high level of biological diversity in Paraguay, there remain very few intensive collecting efforts for liverworts and hornworts in the region since the late 1800’s. We report 2 hornwort taxa and 71 liverwort taxa. The list is based on almost 100 literature references, including monographs, regional studies, and molecular investigations. Given the dramatic loss of habitats in Paraguay coupled with high species diversity in other organisms, further collecting of liverworts and hornworts is critical. There is also the potential to use historical records with contemporary collections to investigate the impact of habitat loss in the area. Key words: Marchantiophyta, Anthocerotophyta, biodiversity, taxa Lars Söderström, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; email: [email protected] Anders Hagborg & Matt von Konrat, Science and Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A.; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Ana Séneca, FCUP, Department of Biology, Rua Campo Alegre, Ed. FC4, S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal and Norwegian Uni- versity of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; email: [email protected], [email protected]

In t r o d u c t i o n

The Republic of Paraguay (hereafter referred to as 2005). In the last three decades, alarming defor- Paraguay) is situated almost in the center of South estation rates and the low percentage of Atlantic America where it is bordered to the south and forest left by the 2000s call for immediate actions southwest by Argentina, to the east and northeast to halt the trends of forest loss (Huang et al. 2009). by Brazil, and to the northwest by Bolivia. It’s Hence, the Atlantic forest in South America has main population refer to themselves as Guaraní, been identified as one of the top priority ecosys- which also is the name of one of the official lan- tems for global biological conservation (Myers guages and of the currency. Although Paraguay is 1988; Olson & Dinerstein 2002). While the At- mostly lowland (the highest point, Cerro Peró, is lantic forest in eastern Paraguay only accounts at 842 m), eastern Paraguay includes one of the for a small portion of the geographic area of the worlds 35 biodiversity hotspots, the Atlantic forest. Atlantic Forest ecoregion, it has an disproportion- The Atlantic forest is the second largest rainforest ately high level of species diversity (Huang et al. of the American continent, once stretching almost 2009). The number of vascular species in continuously along the Brazilian coast and ex- eastern Paraguay was estimated at the order of tending inland in the south and into eastern Para- 10,000 (Zardini 1993), while the number of inver- guay and northeastern Argentina (Tabarelli et al. tebrate species in Paraguay was around 100,000 (Catterson & Fragano 2004). The only systematic collection of liverworts 1 We dedicate this checklist to our friend and colleague Tamás Pócs. He has probably never been in Paraguay. If he had, the from Paraguay dates back to the late 1800’s, and number of known species would have been much higher. was carried out by Benjamin Balansa who spent

Bereitgestellt von Universitetsbiblioteket I Trondheim NTNU Universitetsbiblioteket | Heruntergeladen 28.10.19 11:31 UTC 268 POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 58(1). 2013 considerable time there. His first stay there was from 1873 to 1877, the second was from 1878 to 1884. He spent most of his time in Asunción and on his estate in the Paraguarí province (Fourier 2005). Spruce (1888) reported a list of 28 liver- worts based on Balansa’s material and he later (Spruce 1890) described the collection publishing 14 new species. We here present the first ever checklist of 73 liverworts and hornworts for Para- guay in an effort to further promote bryological research in the region, and provide a foundation for revisionary studies and floristic research. As a comparison, the moss checklist for Paraguay (O’Shea & Price 2008) includes 240 taxa. This checklist fills a major gap in our knowledge of terrestrial from this region. The significance of checklists is summarized by Söderström et al. (2008), including outlining the utility of checklists as powerful and important tools, and their applica- Fig. 1. The main ecoregions of Paraguay. bility to , systematics, and conservation. Given the recent massive loss of forest habitats in von Konrat et al. 2010): * – serious doubts about the Paraguay, the checklist may serve for as baseline value of the taxon, ** – probably a good taxon, but not inquiry with land management implications with studied critically in the framework of a recent revision *** further collecting efforts. or monograph, – good taxon as currently under- stood, studied in the framework of a recent revision or monograph. Ve g e tat i o n No attempt has been made to examine the specimens of the published records and verify the identifications. Paraguay is dominated by three main vegetation However, as in the recent checklists in the same series, types (Olson et al. 2001; Fig. 1). The eastern part a distinction is made between primary references (pro- of the country is covered by Alto Paraná Atlantic viding details on specimens and/or exact localities) and forests and is the most humid part of the country. secondary ones (lacking details). Primary references are It is also from here that most species are known in small capitals and secondary ones in normal font. (Fig. 2). The central part of the country is covered Nomenclature follows the latest taxonomic opin- with Humid Chaco, which consists of xenophile ions as much as possible and author abbreviations are according to the International Plant Names Index forests mixed with palm savannas. The western (http://www.ipni.org/index.html). Taxa doubtfully part is covered by Dry Chaco which consists of present in Paraguay and synonyms are listed sepa- grasslands and thorn forests. rately. The list of synonyms only contains names used for Paraguay. Me t h o d s a n d p r e s e n tat i o n The following abbreviations are used for the prov- inces: AG (Alto Paraguay, 1 sp.), AN (Alto Paraná, The present checklist is based on a compilation of all 21 sp.), AM (Amambay, 4 sp.), AS (Asunción, 9 sp.), the published records of species and infraspecific taxa CC Concepción, CG (Caaguazú, 7 sp.), CZ (Caazapá, of liverworts and hornworts from Paraguay that we are 3 sp.), CE (Central, 1 sp.), CR (Cordillera, 8 sp.), GU aware of. The Early Land Plant Today (ELPT) data- (Guairá, 5 sp.), IT (Itapúa, 3 sp.), PA (Paraguarí, 17 sp.), base (von Konrat et al. 2010) was an important source. PH (Presidente Hayes, 1 sp.) and PAR (lack of precise The format of the present checklist follows that of the locality information in the cited references). We do not database. Accordingly, confidence levels are provided have any reports of hornworts or liverworts for the re- for each taxon, as follows (Söderström et al. 2010; maining six provinces. There are a few localities that

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Ma r c h a n t i o p h y ta Acanthocoleus *** A. aberrans Gradst. var. laevis Gradst. PAR: Crosby & Engel (2006). AN: Gr a d s t e i n (1994).

Archilejeunea *** A. auberiana (Mont.) Steph. ex A.Evans PAR: Dauphin et al. (1998). AN: Gr a d s t e i n (1994).

*** A. parviflora (Nees) Schiffn. GU: Gr a d s t e i n (1994).

Asterella *** A. venosa (Lehm. et Lindenb.) A. Evans PAR: Bi s c hl e r -Ca u s s e et al. (2005). Fig. 2. Number of species recorded in each province in Para- guay. The darker the more species (max. 21 species). There are Bryopteris no known reports from provinces in white. AG – Alto Paraguay, *** B. diffusa (Sw.) Nees AN – Alto Paraná, AM – Amambay, AS – Asunción, BO – Boquerón, CG – Caaguazú, CN – Canindeyú, CZ – Caazapá, PAR: Schäfer-Verwimp & Pócs (2009). AN: Gr a d - CE – Central, CR – Cordillera, GU – Guairá, IT – Itapúa, MI – s t e i n (1994). Misiones, NE – Ñeembucú, SP – San Pedro, PA – Paraguarí, PH – Presidente Hayes. Calypogeia * C. amazonica (Spruce) Steph. we haven’t been able to place into a province. They are PAR: Hu s n o t (1887) as Kantia amazonica, St e - Cerro de Mbatobi, Cerro de Yaguaroux, Perayubi and p h a n i (1908), Bi s c hl e r (1962), Bonner (1963), Fulford Cerro León. They have been recorded as PAR. (1987).

Li s t o f Ho r n w o rt s a n d Li v e rw o rt s Caudalejeunea r e c o r d e d f o r Pa r a g u ay *** C. lehmanniana (Gottsche) A. Evans AN: Gr a d s t e i n (1994). An t h o c e r o t o p h y ta Phaeoceros Cheilolejeunea *** *** P. tenuis (Spruce) Hässel C. clausa (Nees & Mont.) R. M. Schust. PAR: Sp r u c e (1888, 1890) both as Anthoceros AN: Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (1998). CG: Re i n e r - tenuis, Stephani (1916) as A. tenuis, Schuster (1992) as Dr e h wa l d (1998). PA: St e p h a n i (1897) as Euosmole- A. tenuis. AS: l e c t o t y p e of A. tenuis, Bo n n e r (1962) jeunea opaca, Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (1998). as A. tenuis, Hä s s e l d e Me n é n d e z (1986). *** C. rigidula (Nees ex Mont.) R. M. Schust. Phymatoceros PAR: Bastos (2012). AN: Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (1998). *** P. bulbiculosus (Brot.) Stotler, W. T. Doyle Chiloscyphus & Crand.-Stotl. *** C. martianus (Nees) J. J. Engel & R. M. AS: l e c t o t y p e of Anthoceros fructuosus, St e p h a n i (1897, 1916) both as A. fructuosus, Bo n n e r (1962) as Schust. A. fructuosus, Hä s s e l d e Me n é n d e z (1986) as Phae- PAR: t y p e of Lophocolea paraguayensis, Sp r u c e oceros fructuosus. (1888, 1890) both as L. paraguayensis, St e p h a n i (1906)

Bereitgestellt von Universitetsbiblioteket I Trondheim NTNU Universitetsbiblioteket | Heruntergeladen 28.10.19 11:31 UTC 270 POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 58(1). 2013 as L. paraguayensis, Ge i s s l e r & Bi s c hl e r (1985) as Frullania L. paraguayensis. CR: St e p h a n i (1897) as L. mar- ** F. cyparioides (Schwägr.) Nees tiana. IT: St e p h a n i (1897). Cololejeunea *** *** C. camillii (Lehm.) A. Evans F. ericoides (Nees) Mont. PAR: Dauphin et al. (2006) as Aphanolejeunea PAR: o r i g i n a l m at e r i a l of F. squarrosa var. sub- camillii, Alvarenga et al. (2008) as A. camillii, Schäfer- julacea, Sp r u c e (1888) as F. squarrosa var. subjulacea, Verwimp & Pócs (2009). AN: Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d Schiffner (1898) as F. squarrosa, Stephani (1910) as (1995a) as A. misionensis. F. julacea, Miller et al. (1983) as F. squarrosa. CG: t y p e of F. julacea, Sp r u c e (1890) as F. julacea, Bo n n e r *** C. cardiocarpa (Mont.) A. Evans (1965) as F. julacea, Re i n e r (1988). AN: Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (1994a). *** F. tetraptera Nees & Mont. *** C. clavatopapillata Steph. PAR: Sp r u c e (1888) as F. conferta, Stephani (1910) as F. conferta. IT: Yu z a w a (1991). PA: l e c - PAR: Dauphin et al. (1998) as Aphanolejeunea t o t y p e of F. conferta, Sp r u c e (1890) as F. conferta, clavatopapillata, Lüth & Schäfer-Verwimp (2004) as Bo n n e r (1965) as F. conferta, Re i n e r (1988) as A. clavatopapillata, Schäfer-Verwimp & Pócs (2009). F. conferta. AN: Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (1995a) as A. clavatopapil- lata. Frullanoides *** C. minutissima (Nees & Mont.) R. M. Schust. *** F. liebmaniana (Lindenb. & Gottsche) van subsp. myriocarpa (Nees & Mont.) R. M. Slageren Schust. AM: Gr a d s t e i n (1994). PAR: Morales et al. (2008). GU: Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (1994a). Lejeunea * *** C. paucifolia (Spruce) Bern.-Lück. & Pócs L. adpressa Nees PAR: l e c t o t y p e of Lejeunea paucifolia, Sp r u c e PAR: Hu s n o t (1887) as L. drymophila (‘drymo- (1888, 1890) both as L. paucifolia, Stephani (1916) phylla’), Bi s c hl e r (1966) as L. drymophila. as Physocolea paucifolia, Reiner-Drehwald (1999) as ** L. paucifolia, Vital & Visnadi (2000) as Aphanolejeunea L. diaphana Spruce paucifolia. PA: Ge i s s l e r & Bi s c hl e r (1987) as L. pau- PAR: Hu s n o t (1887) erroneously as ‘Lopho- cifolia, Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (1995a) as A. paucifolia. colea’.

Dumortiera *** L. glaucescens Gottsche *** D. hirsuta (Sw.) Nees PAR: Hu s n o t (1887), Sp r u c e (1888), Bi s c hl e r PAR: Hu s n o t (1887), Sp r u c e (1888), Evans (1919), (1966). Hä s s e l d e Me n é n d e z (1963), Schuster 1992, Schäfer- *** Verwimp & Pócs (2009). AM: Bi s c hl e r -Ca u s s e et al. L. grossitexta (Steph.) M. E. Reiner & Goda (2005). AN: Bi s c hl e r -Ca u s s e et al. (2005). CE: Bis- PAR: Holz et al. (2001), Alvarenga et al. (2008), c hl e r -Ca u s s e et al. (2005). CR: St e p h a n i (1897). GU: Santos (2008), Schäfer-Verwimp & Reiner-Drehwald Bi s c hl e r -Ca u s s e et al. (2005). PA: Bi s c hl e r -Ca u s s e (2009). AN: Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (2000), Re i n e r - et al. (2005). Dr e h wa l d & Go d a (2000).

Fossombronia *** L. laetevirens Nees & Mont. *** F. porphyrorhiza (Nees) Prosk. PAR: Schäfer-Verwimp & Pócs (2009). AN: Re i n e r - IT: St e p h a n i (1897) as Noteroclada porphy- Dr e h wa l d (2000). CG: Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (2000) also rorhiza. as L. lepida. PA: Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (2000).

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** L. phyllobola Nees & Mont. Marchesinia PAR: Sp r u c e (1888) as L. cephalandra and L. polyc- *** M. brachiata (Sw.) Schiffn. ephala, Stephani (1915) as Microlejeunea cephalandra PAR: Schäfer-Verwimp & Pócs (2009). AN: Gr a d - i s c hl e r and L. polycephala, B (1966) as L. polycephala, s t e i n (1994). Reiner-Drehwald (1999) as L. cephalandra and L. polyc- ephala, Schäfer-Verwimp & Pócs (2009). AN: Re i n e r - Mastigolejeunea Dr e h wa l d (2000). CG: Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (2000). *** M. auriculata (Wilson & Hook.) Schiffn. CR: l e c t o t y p e of L. cephalandra, Sp r u c e (1890) as L. cephalandra, Ge i s s l e r & Bi s c hl e r (1987) as L. ce- PAR: Eva n s (1908), Pagán (1939b), Schuster (1980), phalandra. PA: l e c t o t y p e of L. polycephala, Sp r u c e Fulford & Sharp (1990). AM: Gr a d s t e i n (1994). AN: (1890) as L. polycephala, Ge i s s l e r & Bi s c hl e r (1987) Gr a d s t e i n (1994). AS: St e p h a n i (1897). CG: Re i n e r - as L. polycephala. Dr e h wa l d (1993).

** L. ptosimophylla C.Massal. Metzgeria *** PA: Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (2000). M. convoluta Steph. PAR: Santos (2008). PA: Co s t a (2008). *** L. trinitensis Lindenb. *** AN: Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (2000). M. furcata (L.) Corda PAR: o r i g i n a l m at e r i a l of M. planiuscula, * L. trochantha Spruce Sp r u c e (1888) as M. planiuscula, Ge i s s l e r & Bis- PAR: Sp r u c e (1888), Stephani (1915), Bi s c hl e r c hl e r (1985) as M. planiuscula.

(1966), Ge i s s l e r & Bi s c hl e r (1987), Reiner-Drehwald *** (1999). CR: l e c t o t y p e , Sp r u c e (1890), Ge i s s l e r M. myriopoda Lindb. & Bi s c hl e r (1987). AN: Co s t a (2008). No t e : Lejeunea trochantha is a Cheilolejeunea Microlejeunea species of uncertain affinity (Reiner-Drehwald ** M. globosa (Spruce) Steph. 2006). PAR: Sp r u c e (1888) as Lejeunea globosa, Stephani Leptolejeunea (1915), Arnell (1961), Ge i s s l e r & Bi s c hl e r (1987) as L. globosa, Reiner-Drehwald (1999) as L. globosa, *** L. exocellata (Spruce) A. Evans Chuah-Petiot & Pócs (2003), Lüth & Schäfer-Verwimp AN: Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (1995b). (2004), Morales et al. (2008). PA: l e c t o t y p e of L. glo- bosa, Sp r u c e (1890) as L. globosa, Ge i s s l e r & Bis- Lophocolea c hl e r (1987) as L. globosa. * L. coadunata (Sw.) Mont. Monoclea PAR: Sp r u c e (1888). PA: Fu l f o r d (1976). *** M. gottschei Gradst. & Mues subsp. elongata Marchantia Gradst. & Mues *** M. chenopoda L. PA: Bischler-Causse et al. (2005). AM: Bi s c hl e r -Ca u s s e et al. (2005). Noteroclada *** *** M. papillata Raddi N. confluens (Hook.f. & Taylor) Spruce PAR: Hu s n o t (1887), Sp r u c e (1888), St e p h a n i PAR: Váňa & Engel (2013). CR: Cr a n d a ll -St o - (1899a), Svihla (1941), Engel (1990). PA: Eva n s (1917), t l e r et al. (2010). Hä s s e l d e Me n é n d e z (1963), Bi s c hl e r (1984). Oxymitra *** M. papillata subsp. papillata *** O. incrassata (Brot.) Sérgio & Sim-Sim CE: Bischler-Causse et al. (2005). PA: Bischler- PAR: Hu s n o t (1887) as O. pyramidata, Sp r u c e Causse et al. (2005). (1888) as O. pyramidata [with a ?], Stephani (1898c)

Bereitgestellt von Universitetsbiblioteket I Trondheim NTNU Universitetsbiblioteket | Heruntergeladen 28.10.19 11:31 UTC 272 POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 58(1). 2013 as Ruppinia pyramidata, Ho w e (1914) as Tessellina py- both as R. aurantii. GU: Ca s t l e (1964) as R. au- ramidata, Casares-Gil (1919) as T. pyramidata, Persson rantii, Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (1994b) as R. aurantii. PA: & Imam (1960) as O. paleacea, Hässel de Menéndez Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (1994b) as R. aurantii. (1963) as O. paleacea, Schuster (1992) as O. paleacea. AS: Bi s c hl e r -Ca u s s e et al. (2005). PA: Bi s c hl e r - Riccardia Ca u s s e et al. (2005). ** R. cataractarum (Spruce) Schiffn. Plagiochasma PAR: Sp r u c e (1888) as Aneura cataractarum, Stephani (1893) as A. cataractarum, St e p h a n i (1899b) *** P. rupestre (J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Steph. as A. cataractarum, Bonner (1962) as A. cataractarum, PAR: Bischler (1979), Miller et al. (1983). CR: Me e n k s (1987), Santos (2008), Oliveira & Bastos Eva n s (1925) (2009), Schäfer-Verwimp & Pócs (2009). PA: l e c t o - t y p e of A. cataractarum, Sp r u c e (1890) as A. cata- Plagiochila ractarum. *** P. corrugata (Nees) Nees & Mont. *** R. tenuicula (Spruce) Schiffn. ex Meenks PAR: Schäfer-Verwimp & Pócs (2009), CG: He i n - PAR: Hu s n o t (1887) as Aneura ‘tenuicaule’. PA: r i c h s et al. (2004). Bo n n e r (1962) also as A. ‘tenuicaula’. *** P. raddiana Lindenb. Riccia PAR: Schuster (1980) as Plagiochila guilleminiana. *** PA: St e p h a n i (1897) as Plagiochila guilleminiana. R. brasiliensis Schiffn. GU: Jo v e t -As t (1991). Porella *** *** P. brasiliensis (Raddi) Schiffn. R. cavernosa Hoffm. PAR: Spruce (1888). PAR: Bischler-Causse et al. (2005). o t e *** N . Bischler-Causse et al. (2005) apparently P. reflexa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Trevis. regard Spruce’s (1888) report of Riccia crystallina AN: So (2005). as referring to this species, although they do not explicitly say so. *** P. swartziana (F. Weber) Trevis. AN: So (2005). *** R. curtisii (Austin) Austin PAR: St e p h a n i (1898b) as Riccia subsimilis. Radula CZ: t y p e of Ricciella subsimilis, St e p h a n i (1897) ** R. javanica Gottsche as Ricciella subsimilis, Ge i s s l e r & Bi s c hl e r (1990) PAR: Hu s n o t (1887) as Radula amazonica. AN: as Ricciella subsimilis, Bi s c hl e r -Ca u s s e et al. Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (1994b) as Radula macrostachya. (2005).

** R. tectiloba Steph. *** R. lindmanii Steph. PAR: Sp r u c e (1888) as R. aurantii, Stephani AS: t y p e , St e p h a n i (1897, 1898a), Hä s s e l d e Me- (1910) as R. aurantii, Yamada (1981, 1988, 2000), n é n d e z (1963), Ge i s s l e r & Bi s c hl e r (1990), Jo v e t - Ge i s s l e r & Bi s c hl e r (1990) as R. aurantii, Holz As t (1991), Bi s c hl e r -Ca u s s e et al. (2005). et al. (2001), Schäfer-Verwimp & Pócs (2009). AN: *** Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (1994b) as R. aurantii. AS: l e c - R. paraguayensis Spruce t o t y p e of R. aurantii, Sp r u c e (1890) as R. aurantii, PAR: Sp r u c e (1888) as Riccia paraguayensis, Ca s t l e (1964, 1969) both as R. aurantii, Ge i s s l e r Ge i s s l e r & Bi s c hl e r (1990) as Riccia paraguayensis. & Bi s c hl e r (1990) as R. aurantii. CG: s y n t y p e of AS: l e c t o t y p e also of Ricciella macropora, St e p h a n i R. aurantii, Sp r u c e (1890) as R. aurantii, Ca s t l e (1897) as Ricciella macropora, St e p h a n i (1898b), (1964, 1969) both as R. aurantii, Ge i s s l e r & Bis- Hä s s e l d e Me n é n d e z (1963), Ge i s s l e r & Bi s c hl e r c hl e r (1990) as R. aurantii, Re i n e r -Dr e h wa l d (1990) also as Ricciella macropora, Vi a n n a (1992), (1994b) as R. aurantii. CR: Ca s t l e (1964, 1969) Bi s c hl e r -Ca u s s e et al. (2005).

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*** R. planobiconvexa Steph. Taxilejeunea PAR: Jovet-Ast (1981). CZ: l e c t o t y p e of R. tenu- *** T. obtusangula (Spruce) A. Evans t e p h a n i ilimbata, S (1897, 1898a) both as R. tenuilim- PAR: Schäfer-Verwimp & Pócs (2009.) AN: Re i n e r - ä s s e l d e e n é n d e z o v e t s t bata, H M (1963), J -A (1981, Dr e h wa l d (2000). 1991), Ge i s s l e r & Bi s c hl e r (1990) as R. tenuilimbata, Bi s c hl e r -Ca u s s e et al. (2005). ** T. terricola (Spruce) Steph. *** R. stenophylla Spruce PAR: Sp r u c e (1888) as Lejeunea terricola, Bis- c hl e r (1966), Ge i s s l e r & Bi s c hl e r (1987 as L. ter- PAR: Spruce (1888), Jovet-Ast (1981), Schuster ricola, 1990), Reiner-Drehwald (1999 as L. terricola, (1992), Damsholt (2002). AS: t y p e , Spruce (1890), 2000). AS: l e c t o t y p e of L. terricola, Sp r u c e (1890) Hässel de Menéndez (1963), Geissler & Bischler (1990), as L. terricola, Ge i s s l e r & Bi s c hl e r (1987) as L. ter- Bischler-Causse et al. (2005). PH: Bischler-Causse et al. ricola. (2005).

* R. subtilis (Steph.) Steph. Do u b t f u l ta x a PAR: St e p h a n i (1898b), Ge i s s l e r & Bi s c hl e r Riccia (1990) as Ricciella subtilis, Bi s c hl e r -Ca u s s e et al. *** (2005). CZ: t y p e of Ricciella subtilis, St e p h a n i (1897) R. crystallina L. as Ricciella subtilis. PAR: Sp r u c e (1888), Hässel de Menéndez (1958). This taxon needs confirmation according to Bischler- No t e . The type specimen of Riccia subtilis is Causse et al. (2005), but they apparently treated the sterile and Bischler-Causse et al. (2005) did not report by Spruce (1888) as Riccia cavernosa. know where to refer it. *** R. fluitans L. *** R. vitalii Ast AS: St e p h a n i (1897) as Ricciella fluitans. The re- PAR: Jo v e t -As t (1991), Bi s c hl e r -Ca u s s e et al. port was doubted by Bischler-Causse et al. (2005). (2005). Sy n o n y m s *** R. weinionis Steph. PAR: Jovet-Ast (1981) (‘Wainionis’). Aneura cataractarum Spruce ≡ Riccardia catarac- tarum Schiffneriolejeunea Aneura tenuicula Spruce ≡ Riccardia tenuicula *** S. polycarpa (Nees) Gradst. Anthoceros fructuosus Steph. = Phymatoceros bul- biculosus CR: Gr a d s t e i n (1994). Anthoceros tenuis Spruce ≡ Phaeoceros tenuis Symphyogyna Aphanolejeunea camillii (Lehm.) R. M. Schust. ≡ Cololejeunea camillii *** S. aspera Steph. ex F. A. McCormick Aphanolejeunea clavatopapillata (Steph.) M. E. PAR: Pagán (1939), Osakada & Lisboa (2004), Reiner = Cololejeunea clavatopapillata Schäfer-Verwimp & Pócs (2009). CR: Eva n s (1925). Aphanolejeunea misionensis M. E. Reiner = Colo- PA: Ur i b e & Ag u i r r e 1995. lejeunea camillii Aphanolejeunea paucifolia (Spruce) M. E. Reiner *** S. brasiliensis Nees et Mont. ≡ Cololejeunea paucifolia PAR: Sp r u c e (1888). Euosmolejeunea opaca (Gottsche) Steph. = Che- ilolejeunea clausa *** S. sinuata (Sw.) Nees & Mont. Frullania conferta Spruce nom. inval. = Frullania PAR: Hu s n o t (1887), Sp r u c e (1888), St e p h a n i tetraptera (1900). CR: St e p h a n i (1897). Frullania julacea Spruce = Frullania ericoides

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Frullania squarrosa (Nees) Nees = Frullania eri- Ricciella subtilis Steph. ≡ Riccia subtilis coides Ruppinia pyramidata (Willd.) Corda nom. illeg. Frullania squarrosa var. subjulacea (Mont.) Spruce = Oxymitra incrassata = Frullania ericoides Tessellina pyramidata (Willd.) Dumort. = Oxymitra Kantius amazonicus Spruce ≡ Calypogeia amazo- incrassata nica Lejeunea cephalandra Spruce = Lejeunea phyllo- Ac k n o w l e d g e m e n t s . The Early Land Plants Today bola project (ELPT) has been generously supported in part by the Global Biological Information Facility (GBIF) Seed Lejeunea drymophila Spruce = Lejeunea adpressa Money Award No. 2007-41, activities facilitated in part Lejeunea globosa Spruce ≡ Microlejeunea glo- by funding from the Biodiversity Synthesis Center of the bosa Encyclopedia of Life (BioSynC), partial funding from Lejeunea lepida Lindenb. & Gottsche = Lejeunea the National Science Foundation (Award No’s 0749762, laetevirens 1115002), the Warwick Foundation, and the Negaunee Lejeunea paucifolia Spruce ≡ Cololejeunea pau- Foundation. cifolia Lejeunea polycephala Spruce nom. inval. = Le- jeunea phyllobola Re f e r e n c e s Lejeunea terricola Spruce ≡ Taxilejeunea terri- Alva r e n g a L. D. P., d o Pa r á Ma r q u e s d e Oli v e i r a J. R., cola Pe r e i r a Sil v a M. P., Co s t a S. O. & Pô r t o K. C. 2008. Lophocolea martiana Nees ≡ Chiloscyphus mar- Liverworts of Alagoas State, Brazil. Acta Bot. Brasilica tianus 22: 878–890.

Lophocolea paraguayensis Spruce = Chiloscyphus Ar n e ll S. 1961. A new species of Bazzania from Chile. Svensk martianus Bot. Tidskr. 55: 394.

Metzgeria planiuscula Spruce = Metzgeria furcata Ba s t o s C. J. P. 2012. New combinations and synonyms in Microlejeunea cephalandra (Spruce) Steph. = Le- Cheilolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (Lejeuneaceae, March- jeunea phyllobola antiophyta). J. Bryol. 34: 312–315. Noteroclada porphyrorhiza (Nees) Mitt. ≡ Fossom- Bi s c hl e r H. 1962. The Calypogeja Raddi in Central bronia porphyrorhiza and South America III. Subgenus Calypogeja, subgroups Oxymitra paleacea Bisch. = Oxymitra incrassata 4 and 5. Candollea 18: 95–128. Oxymitra pyramidata (Willd.) Huebener = Oxymitra Bi s c hl e r H. 1966. Recherche sur l’anatomie de la tige chez incrassata les Lejeuneaceae III. Les sous-familles Lejeuneoideae, tribu Lejeuneeae, et Tuyamaelloideae. Rev. Bryol. Liché- Phaeoceros fructuosus (Steph.) Hässel = Phymato- nol. 34: 601–675. ceros bulbiculosus Bi s c hl e r H. 1979. Plagiochasma Lehm. et Lindenb. III. Physocolea paucifolia (Spruce) Steph. ≡ Colole- Les taxa d’Asie et d’Océanie. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 45: jeunea paucifolia 25–79. Plagiochila guilleminiana Mont. ex Lindenb. = Pla- Bi s c hl e r H. 1984. Marchantia L., the New World species. giochila raddiana Bryophyt. Biblioth. 26: 1–228. Radula amazonica Spruce = Radula javanica Bi s c hl e r -Ca u s s e H., Gr a d s t e i n S. R., Jo v e t -As t S., Lo n g Radula aurantii Spruce = Radula tectiloba D. G. & Sa l a z a r All e n N. 2005. Marchantiidae. Fl. Radula macrostachya Lindenb. & Gottsche = Ra- Neotrop. Monogr. 97: 1–267. dula javanica Bo n n e r C. E. B. 1962. Index Hepaticarum. Pars II. Achiton Riccia subsimilis (Steph.) Steph. = Riccia curtisii to Balantiopsis. J. Cramer, Weinheim.

Riccia tenuilimbata Steph. = Riccia planobico- Bo n n e r C. E. B. 1963. Index Hepaticarum. Pars III. Barbilo- nvexa phozia to Ceranthus. J. Cramer, Weinheim.

Ricciella fluitans (L.) A. Braun ≡ Riccia fluitans Bo n n e r C. E. B. 1965. Index Hepaticarum. Pars V. Delavayella Ricciella macropora Steph. = Riccia paragua­ to Geothallus. J. Cramer, Weinheim. yensis Ca s a r e s -Gil A. 1919. Flora Ibérica Briofitas. Part 1, Hepati- Ricciella subsimilis Steph. = Riccia curtisii cas. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid.

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Received 1 May 2013

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