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Method to Estimate Dry-Kiln Schedules and Species Groupings: Tropical and Temperate Hardwoods
United States Department of Agriculture Method to Estimate Forest Service Forest Dry-Kiln Schedules Products Laboratory Research and Species Groupings Paper FPL–RP–548 Tropical and Temperate Hardwoods William T. Simpson Abstract Contents Dry-kiln schedules have been developed for many wood Page species. However, one problem is that many, especially tropical species, have no recommended schedule. Another Introduction................................................................1 problem in drying tropical species is the lack of a way to Estimation of Kiln Schedules.........................................1 group them when it is impractical to fill a kiln with a single Background .............................................................1 species. This report investigates the possibility of estimating kiln schedules and grouping species for drying using basic Related Research...................................................1 specific gravity as the primary variable for prediction and grouping. In this study, kiln schedules were estimated by Current Kiln Schedules ..........................................1 establishing least squares relationships between schedule Method of Schedule Estimation...................................2 parameters and basic specific gravity. These relationships were then applied to estimate schedules for 3,237 species Estimation of Initial Conditions ..............................2 from Africa, Asia and Oceana, and Latin America. Nine drying groups were established, based on intervals of specific Estimation -
PUBLISHER S Candolle Herbarium
Guide ERBARIUM H Candolle Herbarium Pamela Burns-Balogh ANDOLLE C Jardin Botanique, Geneva AIDC PUBLISHERP U R L 1 5H E R S S BRILLB RI LL Candolle Herbarium Jardin Botanique, Geneva Pamela Burns-Balogh Guide to the microform collection IDC number 800/2 M IDC1993 Compiler's Note The microfiche address, e.g. 120/13, refers to the fiche number and secondly to the individual photograph on each fiche arranged from left to right and from the top to the bottom row. Pamela Burns-Balogh Publisher's Note The microfiche publication of the Candolle Herbarium serves a dual purpose: the unique original plants are preserved for the future, and copies can be made available easily and cheaply for distribution to scholars and scientific institutes all over the world. The complete collection is available on 2842 microfiche (positive silver halide). The order number is 800/2. For prices of the complete collection or individual parts, please write to IDC Microform Publishers, P.O. Box 11205, 2301 EE Leiden, The Netherlands. THE DECANDOLLEPRODROMI HERBARIUM ALPHABETICAL INDEX Taxon Fiche Taxon Fiche Number Number -A- Acacia floribunda 421/2-3 Acacia glauca 424/14-15 Abatia sp. 213/18 Acacia guadalupensis 423/23 Abelia triflora 679/4 Acacia guianensis 422/5 Ablania guianensis 218/5 Acacia guilandinae 424/4 Abronia arenaria 2215/6-7 Acacia gummifera 421/15 Abroniamellifera 2215/5 Acacia haematomma 421/23 Abronia umbellata 221.5/3-4 Acacia haematoxylon 423/11 Abrotanella emarginata 1035/2 Acaciahastulata 418/5 Abrus precatorius 403/14 Acacia hebeclada 423/2-3 Acacia abietina 420/16 Acacia heterophylla 419/17-19 Acacia acanthocarpa 423/16-17 Acaciahispidissima 421/22 Acacia alata 418/3 Acacia hispidula 419/2 Acacia albida 422/17 Acacia horrida 422/18-20 Acacia amara 425/11 Acacia in....? 423/24 Acacia amoena 419/20 Acacia intertexta 421/9 Acacia anceps 419/5 Acacia julibross. -
The Flora Protection Act, 2000 Legal Notice No.10 of 2000
The Flora Protection Act, 2000 Legal Notice No.10 of 2000 Gazetted as VOL. XXXVI I I MBABANE, Friday, Septem ber 22nd., 2000 [ No. 606] Presented by the Minister for Agriculture and Cooperatives MEMORANDUM OF OBJECTS AND REASONS The purpose of this Bill is to repeal and replace the Flora Protection Act No. 45 of 1952 so as to provide for m ore effective protection of flora and to provide for m atters incidental thereto. P. M. DLAMI NI Attorney General A BI LL entitled An Act to protect indigenous flora and to provide for m atters incidental thereto. ENACTED by the King and the Parliam ent of Swaziland. Short title and commencement 1. This Act m ay be cited as the Flora Protection Act, 2000 and shall com e into force on such date as the Minister m ay, by notice in the Gazette, appoint. Interpretation 2. I n this Act, unless the context otherwise requires: - "Authority" m eans the Swaziland Environm ent Authority established by the Swaziland Environm ent Authority Act No. 15 of 1992; "cultivate" m eans to prom ote, stim ulate or foster the growth of a plant, or plant m aterial (including seed) obtained lawfully in term s of this Act, and "cultivated" and "cultivation" have corresponding m eanings; "endem ic flora" m eans any flora whose natural distribution is restricted to the boundaries of Swaziland; "flora reserve" m eans a reserve established in term s of Section 3; "indigenous flora" m eans any plant whose natural distribution is Southern Africa including Swaziland; "land" includes land with or without buildings thereon; "Minister" m eans the Minister responsible for Flora; "plant" m eans any vegetative or reproductive growth including fungi, algae, m osses, lichens, liverworts, ferns, fern allies or seed plant whether living or dead; "owner" m eans: - a. -
Preliminary Ecological Survey and Habitat Assessment for the Proposed New Link Road from the N2 Connecting to the Mvezho Village
PRELIMINARY ECOLOGICAL SURVEY-P-166 PRELIMINARY ECOLOGICAL SURVEY AND HABITAT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED P-166 ROAD; WHITE-RIVER-MBOMBELA, MPUMALANGA PROVINCE Compiled for: Royal HaskoningDHV by: Vegetation Aspect Prof. L.R. Brown (Phd UP) MGSSA, Pr.Sci.Nat 400075/98 Faunal Aspect Mr C.L.COOK (MSc. Zool. U.P) Pr.Nat.Sci 400084/08 SUBMITTED: DECEMBER 2012 1 PRELIMINARY ECOLOGICAL SURVEY-P-166 1. Background Information Prof. L.R. Brown and Mr. C. L. Cook were appointed by Royal HaskoningDHV (previously SSI) to undertake a preliminary ecological assessment for the scoping phase of the proposed EIA for the P-166 road from the north of White River to the south of Mbombela. Four alternatives alignments were proposed for the new P1-66 road linkage. It must be stressed that no comprehensive vegetation or faunal surveys have been undertaken due to severe financial and time constraints as well as access on privately owned properties; but merely a brief assessment of the current ecological status of the proposed road alignments. By surveying the proposed road alignment as well as immediate areas adjacent to the proposed alignment for specialised habitats, as well as the remaining vegetation and specific habitats, one can make an assumption of the possible presence or absence of threatened plant and animal species. An initial site visitation of the proposed alignment was conducted on the 20-21st October 2012. The survey was supplemented by literature investigations; personal records, historic data and previous surveys conducted in the White River-Mbombela areas (2000-2012) as well as in similar habitats. -
Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens Distributed 1901 - 1990
Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens distributed 1901 - 1990 Page 1 - https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57407494 15 July 1901 Dr T Johnson FLS, Science and Art Museum, Dublin Two cases containing the following:- Ackd 20.7.01 1. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 2. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 3. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 4. Wood of Anogeissus acuminata, Ganjam, Paris Exhibition 1900 5. Wood of Xylia dolabriformis, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 6. Wood of Pterocarpus Marsupium, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 7. Wood of Lagerstremia parviflora, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 8. Wood of Anogeissus latifolia , Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 9. Wood of Gyrocarpus jacquini, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 10. Wood of Acrocarpus fraxinifolium, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 11. Wood of Ulmus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 12. Wood of Phyllanthus emblica, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 13. Wood of Adina cordifolia, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 14. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 15. Wood of Cedrela toona, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 16. Wood of Premna bengalensis, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 17. Wood of Artocarpus chaplasha, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 18. Wood of Artocarpus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 19. Wood of Ulmus wallichiana, N. India, Paris Exhibition 1900 20. Wood of Diospyros kurzii , India, Paris Exhibition 1900 21. Wood of Hardwickia binata, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 22. Flowers of Heterotheca inuloides, Mexico, Paris Exhibition 1900 23. Leaves of Datura Stramonium, Paris Exhibition 1900 24. Plant of Mentha viridis, Paris Exhibition 1900 25. Plant of Monsonia ovata, S. -
Trees and Plants for Bees and Beekeepers in the Upper Mara Basin
Trees and plants for bees and beekeepers in the Upper Mara Basin Guide to useful melliferous trees and crops for beekeepers December 2017 Contents Who is this guide for? .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction to the MaMaSe Project .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Market driven forest conservation initiatives in the Upper Mara basin ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Water, apiculture, forests, trees and livelihoods ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Types of bees ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 How this -
Bee Forage Use), Services (Pollination Services) and Threats (Hive Theft and Vandalism
An assessment of different beekeeping practices in South Africa based on their needs (bee forage use), services (pollination services) and threats (hive theft and vandalism) by Tlou Samuel Masehela Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Dr Ruan Veldtman March 2017 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis/dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. March 2017 Copyright © 2017 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za General summary Two honey bee subspecies indigenous to South Africa, Apis mellifera capensis Escholtz (Cape honey bee) and Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier, are actively managed by beekeepers for honey production, other bee related products (e.g. bees wax) and to provide pollination services. Historic records show that managed colonies of both subspecies to rely on a mix of exotic - (Eucalyptus species, agricultural crops, weeds and suburban plantings) and indigenous forage (genera and vegetation units). However, their extent of use and importance for honey production, pollination, colony maintenance and swarm trapping (together referred to as beekeeping practices), have not been fully explored across South Africa. Additionally, acts of hive theft and vandalism have become a key concern for the industry, threatening and potentially limiting beekeeping in some areas. -
These De Doctorat
Université d’Antananarivo Faculté des Sciences Département de Biochimie fondamentale et appliquée ------------------------------------------------------------------- THESE DE DOCTORAT en Sciences de la Vie - Spécialité : Biochimie Etudes chimique et biologique d’une plante médicinale malgache : Dilobeia thouarsii (PROTEACEAE) Présentée et soutenue publiquement par : RAVELOMANANA- RAZAFINTSALAMA Vahinalahaja Eliane Titulaire de DEA Biochimie appliquée aux sciences médicales Le 02 février 2012 Composition du jury : Président : ANDRIANARISOA Blandine, Professeur titulaire Rapporteur interne : RAZANAMPARANY Julia Louisette, Professeur titulaire Rapporteur externe : RAMANOELINA Panja, Professeur titulaire Examinateur : RAZAFIMAHEFA-RAMILISON Reine Dorothée, Professeur titulaire Directeurs de thèse : JEANNODA Victor, Professeur titulaire MAMBU Lengo, Maître de Conférences HDR Remerciements Dédicaces Je dédie ce travail de thèse à mes proches: A mon mari Rado, et à mon fils Randhy, source d’amour et de tendresse, qui n’ont jamais cessé de croire en moi. Ma plus profonde reconnaissance va à vous, pour votre irremplaçable et inconditionnel soutien tout au long de ces années de travail. Merci d’avoir partagé avec moi les hauts et les bas de ces années de thèse, merci pour vos encouragements quotidiens et vos prières. Sans vous, cette thèse n’aurait jamais vu le jour. A Dada et Neny, qui ont toujours été là pour moi, m’ont donné sans compter tous les moyens pour réussir, pour leurs sacrifices et leurs prières incessantes. Merci de m’avoir toujours soutenue et de m’avoir aidée à surmonter toutes les difficultés rencontrées au cours de cette thèse. A ma belle‐mère, Neny, qui m’a beaucoup aidée et encouragée durant mes séjours à l’étranger. Merci pour tes conseils et tes prières. -
The Taxonomy, Chorology and Reproductive Biology of Southern Afri Can Meliaceae and Ptaeroxylaceae
Bothalia 16.2: 143-168 (1986) The taxonomy, chorology and reproductive biology of southern Afri can Meliaceae and Ptaeroxylaceae F. WHITE* Keywords: chorology. Meliaceae. Ptaeroxylaceae. reproductive biology, southern Africa, taxonomy ABSTRACT Information is provided on the taxonomy, chorology and reproductive biology of 14 indigenous and two intro duced species of Meliaceae in southern Africa, and on Ptaeroxylon (Ptaeroxylaceae). Two new taxa are described: Nymanieae F. White, tribus nov. and Turraea strevi F. White & B. T. Styles, sp. nov. Nurmonia (Harms) F. White, comb, et stat. nov.. a new section of Turraea L. is created. The account complements the treatments of these families in the Flora o f southern Africa. UITTREKSEL Inligting word verskaf oor die taksonomie. chorologie en voortplantingsbiologie van 14 inheemse en twee inge- voerde spesies van Meliaceae in suidelike Afrika en oor Ptaeroxylon (Ptaeroxylaceae). Twee nuwe taksons word beskryf: Nymanieae F. White, tribus nov. en Turraea strevi F. White & B. T. Styles, sp. nov. Nurmonia (Harms) F. White, comb, et stat. nov., 'n nuwe seksie van Turraea L. word geskep. Hierdie verslag is aanvullend tot die behandelings van hierdie families in die Flora o f southern Africa. CONTENTS The position of Ptaeroxylon and Nyma nia............................................................ 163 Introduction.................................................................143 South African Trichilia: chemistry and Generic and family delimitation..................... .......144 the taxonomist's e y e .......................... 163 The position of Ptaeroxylon.................................144 Conclusions................................................... 163 The position of N ym ania.....................................144 Taxonomy as a visual a rt.............................. 163 The circumscription of Turraea..........................145 The Meliaceae and the chorology of south Notes on individual genera and species ern Africa.................................................. 164 1. -
Bark Medicines Used in Traditional Healthcare in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: an Inventory
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector South African Journal of Botany 2003, 69(3): 301–363 Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd Printed in South Africa — All rights reserved SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY ISSN 0254–6299 Bark medicines used in traditional healthcare in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: An inventory OM Grace1, HDV Prendergast2, AK Jäger3 and J van Staden1* 1 Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Botany and Zoology, University of Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa 2 Centre for Economic Botany, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, United Kingdom 3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Received 13 June 2002, accepted in revised form 14 March 2003 Bark is an important source of medicine in South Overlapping vernacular names recorded in the literature African traditional healthcare but is poorly documented. indicated that it may be unreliable in local plant identifi- From thorough surveys of the popular ethnobotanical cations. Most (43%) bark medicines were documented literature, and other less widely available sources, 174 for the treatment of internal ailments. Sixteen percent of species (spanning 108 genera and 50 families) used for species were classed in threatened conservation cate- their bark in KwaZulu-Natal, were inventoried. gories, but conservation and management data were Vernacular names, morphological and phytochemical limited or absent from a further 62%. There is a need for properties, usage and conservation data were captured research and specialist publications to address the in a database that aimed to synthesise published infor- gaps in existing knowledge of medicinal bark species mation of such species. -
Biodiversity Sector Plan for the Zululand District Municipality, Kwazulu-Natal
EZEMVELO KZN WILDLIFE Biodiversity Sector Plan for the Zululand District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal Technical Report February 2010 The Project Team Thorn-Ex cc (Environmental Services) PO Box 800, Hilton, 3245 Pietermaritzbur South Africa Tel: (033) 3431814 Fax: (033) 3431819 Mobile: 084 5014665 [email protected] Marita Thornhill (Project Management & Coordination) AFZELIA Environmental Consultants cc KwaZulu-Natal Western Cape PO Box 95 PO Box 3397 Hilton 3245 Cape Town 8000 Tel: 033 3432931/32 Tel: 072 3900686 Fax: 033 3432033 or Fax: 086 5132112 086 5170900 Mobile: 084 6756052 [email protected] [email protected] Wolfgang Kanz (Biodiversity Specialist Coordinator) John Richardson (GIS) Monde Nembula (Social Facilitation) Tim O’Connor & Associates P.O.Box 379 Hilton 3245 South Africa Tel/ Fax: 27-(0)33-3433491 [email protected] Tim O’Connor (Biodiversity Expert Advice) Zululand Biodiversity Sector Plan (February 2010) 1 Executive Summary The Biodiversity Act introduced several legislated planning tools to assist with the management and conservation of South Africa’s biological diversity. These include the declaration of “Bioregions” and the publication of “Bioregional Plans”. Bioregional plans are usually an output of a systematic spatial conservation assessment of a region. They identify areas of conservation priority, and constraints and opportunities for implementation of the plan. The precursor to a Bioregional Plan is a Biodiversity Sector Plan (BSP), which is the official reference for biodiversity priorities to be taken into account in land-use planning and decision-making by all sectors within the District Municipality. The overall aim is to avoid the loss of natural habitat in Critical Biodiversity Areas (CBAs) and prevent the degradation of Ecological Support Areas (ESAs), while encouraging sustainable development in Other Natural Areas. -
Tree Checklist
Taxon Common name Xerophyta retinervis Monkey’s Tail Xymalos monospora Lemonwood Tree Checklist Zanthoxylum dayvi Forest Knobwood Ziziphus mucronata Buffalo Thorn Updated February 2020 Please record any additional sightings in your Visitors report *Indicates an alien species Taxon Common name Taxon Common name *Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle *Salix babylonica Weeping Willoiw *Acacia decurrens Green Wattle Salix mucronata Flute Willow *Acacia Mearnsii Black Wattle Salvia dolomitica Pilgrim’s Rest Pink Salvia *Acacia. Melanoxylon Blackwood Scolopia mundii Red-pear Allophylus africanus African False Currant Scolopia oreophila Wakkerstroom Red-pear Aloe arborescens Cliff Aloe Schrebera alata Wing-leaved Wooden-pear Apodytes dimidiata White Pear Searsia chirindensis (=Rhus) Red Currant Bowkeria cymosa Transvaal Shell-flower Searsia dentata (=Rhus) Nana Berry Brachylaena discolor Costal silver Oak Searsia discolor Grassland Currant (Suffrutex) Buddleia auriculata Weeping Sagewood Searsia lancea (=Rhus) Karee Buddleia saligna False Olive Searsia lucida (=Rhus) Waxy Currant Buddleia salviifolia Mountain Sagewood Searsia tumulicola (=Rhus) Hard-leaved Currant Calodendron capense Cape Chestnut Senegalia ataxacantha (=Acacia) Flame Thorn Carissa bispinosa Forest Num-num Strophanthus speciosus Forest Poison Rope Carissa edulis Climbing Num-num Syncolostemon eriocephalus Mountain Cotton Bush Cassinopsis ilicifolia Lemonthorn Trimeria grandifolia Wild Mulberry Celtis africana White stinkwood Vachellia Karroo (=Acacia) Sweet Thorn Cephalanthus natalensis