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European Commission Delegation Library Manual 2300 M Street, NW Washington, DC 20037 Social Crisis Management in the Coal and Steel Industries • European Models and Experiences •

by Hans-Werner Franz

__. . \ ' ( ._· Published by the Commission of the European Union Directorate-General V Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs ECSC Readaptation and Social Aspects of Iron and Steel Policies B-1 049 Brussels

The case studies forming the basis of Section E of the manual, "Models for social crisis management", were produced by the following persons and institutes: Belgium: Martine Wouters (HIVA, Leuven), Lieven Denolf (KU Leuven), Eline Staelens (BLM, Limburg); : Cornelia Auxel, Andreas Davids (BASIS Dresden), Hans-Werner Franz, Uwe Jlirgenhake, Rainer Lichte, Rainer OHmann, Jiirgen Schulze, Oliver Steigerwald, Detlef Ullenboom, Beate Winter (sfs, Dortmund); France: Raphael Garcia (CEDRES, Paris); United Kingdom: William Rees (City of London Polytechnic), Barry Thomas (University of Durham); Italy: Rolf Uesseler(Rome); Luxembourg: Uwe Jiirgenhake (sfs, Dortmund); Spain: Xavier Matheu, Jaume Benavent, Josep M. Navarro ( CIREM, Barcelona) Coordination of the case studies and of the project: Hans-Werner Franz, Sozialforschungsstelle Dortmund, a member institute of euroNET:WORK&EDUCATION.

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 1994 ISBN 92-826-5796-5 © ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels-Luxembourg, 1994 Reproduction is authorised, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged

Printed in Germany Foreword by the editor Since 1980 alone, over 800.000 workers have been forced to leave their jobs as a result of restructuring in the Community coal and steel industries. The European Community has contributed significantly, through financial and various other means, to the social measures implemented to cushion the impact of this restructuring on the workers involved. In so doing, it has supported the programmes set up by undertakings, national authorities and other organisa­ tions involved in the process. The Community's effort has concentrated particularly on making good income losses and also, in a major way, to the reemployment of the effected workforce in an often seemingly desperate labour market. Unfortunately, today we are in the midst of major fresh waves of job losses in the ECSC industries, and this in the context of high unemployment in Europe overall. It is my hope that this handbook will be of use not only now in the Member States of the European Union, but also in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe where similar problems are faced. The aim is to provide concrete assistance to those faced with the need for social crisis management. The wish is supported by my conviction that examples of success stories do indeed bring hope to the workers who are affected.

Padraig Flynn Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Industrial Relations

Manual Social Crisis Management Foreword by the author This book would not be complete without my thanks to all those who supported me with practical help and advice. First of all, I wish to thank Antoon Herpels and Diane Marshall of the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General V/A/4, for their confidence in me and for giving me the task of producing this reference book. Despite their understandable impatience, due to the overall pressure of the crisis, they showed understanding for the missing of promised deadlines. This was very helpful, and relieved some of the pressure on myself. The fact that, despite delays in the production of some case studies for Section E, the book was finished in little more than a year is due to the support of a number of my colleagues from the Sozialforschungsstelle Dortmund, in particular Uwe Jiirgenhake and Rainer Lichte. My discus­ sions with them, and their criticisms, made the writing of