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Fifteenth Semiannual Report Educational Exchange

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Fifteenth Semiannual Report Educational Exchange 84t;h84hCongress,Ce-2dl Session - - H - House Document No. 335 I --- Y-- _ FIFTEENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT ON EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE ACTIVITIES LETTER FROM CHAIRMAN, UNITED STATES ADVISORY COMMISSION ON EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE, DEPARTMENT OF STATE TRANSMITTING THE FIFTEENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES ADVISORY COMMISSION ON EDU- CATIONAL EXCHANGE FOR THE PERIOD JULY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1955, PURSUANT TO SECTION 603 OF PUBLIC LAW 402, 80TH CONGRESS FEBRUARY 10, 1956.-Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and ordered to be printed UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 71011 WASHINGTON : 1956 -· ."' -· LETTER OF SUBMITTAL DEPARTMENT OF STATE, THE UNITED STATES ADVISORY COMMISSION ON EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE, February 10, 1956. The Honorable SAM RAYBURN, Speaker of the House of Representatives. SIR: The United States Advisory Commission on Educational Ex- change submits herewith its 15th semiannual report to the Congress in accordance with the provisions of section 603 of Public Law 402, which states that this statutory Commission shall transmit- * * * to the Congress a semiannual report of all programs and activities carried on under authority of this Act, including appraisals, where feasible, as to the effec- tiveness of the programs and such recommendations as shall have been made by the Commission on Educational Exchange to the Secretary of State * * * for effectuating the purposes and objectives of this Act and the action taken to carry out such recommendations. This report consists chiefly of the Advisory Commission's appraisal of the international educational and cultural exchange program as a whole, presented in the light of how it contributes to United States foreign relations objectives. As a result of this appraisal, the Com- mission has recommended that this program be intensified substan- tially. Information on recommendations developed by the Conlmis- sion is included in the report. The membership of this Commission is as follows: Rufus H. Fitzgerald, chancellor emeritus, University of Pitts- burgh, Chairman Arthur H. Edens, president, Duke University, Durham, N. C., Vice Chairman Laird Bell, lawyer, member of the firm of Bell, Boyd, Marshall & Lloyd, Chicago, Ill. Arthur A. Hauck, president, University of Maine, Orono, Maine Anna T,. Rose Hawkes, (lean emeritus, Mills College, and president of the American Association of University Women A. duplicate copy of this report is being furnished to the Senate. Very truly yours, R. HI-. FITZ(GERALD, Chairman?, United States Advisory Commission on Educational Eirchange. (Enclosure: A.dvisory Commission's 15th semiannual report to the Congress.) m I _ _ _ FIFTEENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO THE CONGRESS BY THE UNITED STATES ADVISORY COMMISSION ON EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE (JULY 1-DECEMBER 31, 1955) t CONTENTS Page I. Expansion of the international educational exchange program- $31,000,000 recommended for fiscal year 1957 ----....-.....-. --- I II. How the international educational exchange program contributes to United States foreign relations objectives--- ------- 4 III. Committee on Exchanges in the Arts-- -- 6 IV. Eligibility requirements and criteria for the selection of grantees under the international educational exchange program------ 7 V. The Government's participation in the teen-age program - ----- 8 Appendix I. Examples of effectiveness as referred to in part I of this report- 12 Appendix II. Framework of reference for the establishment and operation of the Committee on Exchanges in the Arts ----------------------- 15 Appendix III. Eligibility requirements and criteria for the selection of grantees under the international educational exchange program ----- 17 VII FIFTEENTH SEMIANNUAL REPORT ON EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE ACTIVITIES I. EXPANSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAM-$31,000,000 RECOMMENDED FOR FISCAL YEAR 1957 During the period covered by this report, this Commission has, in addition to its review and consideration of the basic objectives and operating principles of the international educational exchange pro- gram, reviewed detailed information concerning the negotiations on East-West contacts at the Geneva Conference. As a result of this review, the Commission submitted the following recommendation to the Secretary of State: It is recommended that approximately $31,000,000 be budgeted for the Depart- ment's international educational exchange program for fiscal year 1957. In submitting this recommendation to the Secretary of State, we informed him that the review mentioned above had led us to believe that- * * * it is evident that the Soviets have not changed their major strategy but are practicing deliberate fraud as shown through their refusal to negotiate on major issues at Geneva. This continued attitude on the part of the U.S. S. R. increases the challenge to the United States to cooperate in the free interchange of persons and ideas between all peoples. Therefore, the Commission believes it imperative to increase our own cultural exchange activities, and recommends that the Department of State's exchange program be intensified substantially. Such action will impress free peoples everywhere of our sincerity in the belief that person-to-person contacts on a cooperative basis are essential to a durable peace. Only such leadership by our Government will further inspire the countless organizations and institutions, both here and abroad, who are now engaged in international educational exchange to expand their own private projects ill this great endeavor of creating mutual understanding. Through the enactment of Public Law 402 (the Smnitlh-Mundt Act) on January 27, 1948, it was the intent of the Congress that a program of international educational exchange would ccomeo an essential part of thie conduct of this country's foreign afa'nis. We are of the firm conviction that this program conducted by tlhe Department of State is itmaiking an indisl)ensable contribution to United States foreign policy. lTle Commission is convinced that this program is building up a greater and more accurate store of knowledge and information about the United States in other countries and thus increasing respect for nnd confidence in our aims and policies. At the same time it is pronot- ing a better knowledge in tils country of the way of life, institutions and cultures of tlhe people of other countries. Furthermore, it is a two-way plan which is bringing greater stability to international relations by broadening and deepening the community of intcrcst between ourselves and other countries as a basis for joint action on matters of common concern. 1 2 REPORT ON EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE ACTIVITIES Since the close of World War II, we have been faced as never before with the urgent need for uniting the free nations of the world. This calls for diplomacy and foreign relations of the most difficult kind. Therefore, this exchange of knowledge and ideas is supplementing the conduct of our diplomatic relations by planting the seeds of better understanding among important segments of the public overseas. Accordingly, in the light of the world situation today, we strongly recommend that this important program be expanded. The $31 million recommended for fiscal year 1957 represents an increase of $13 million. over the amount available this year.. We believe the Congress of the United States should eventually appropriate $35 million to $40 million for this program of creating understanding which fosters good will. However, in our deliberations we felt the amount of increase in the appropriation at this time should be carefully considered in relation to the ability of the Department to step up its program in an effective and orderly manner. In this connection it was the opinion of this Commission that an increase of $13 million over this year's appropriation is needed and could be spent advan- tageously to augment this program with the free world. The Commission feels that the expenditures for this program have been relatively small, in comparison with tie astronomical figures which are spent on guns, ammunition, planes, and other engines of destruction. For instance, the budget for educational exchange for the current fiscal year is only $18 million. Compare this with the more than $43 billion in the defense budget for last year. The exchange budget is broken down approximately as follows: About $7% million in foreign currencies spent on the Fulbrigllt program; about $10 million for grants made under the Smith-Mundt Act; and in addition, certain other taxpayers' dollars are used for special programs. For example, -Finland is the only country in the world which received aid from the United States that is still conscientiously paying back its debt of World War I. All of this money is put into exchanges with Finland. The interest on the India wheat loan is held in a special fund to provide exchanges with India. These are facts of which all United States citizens should be aware, and which should give them pride in their Government. This recommended expansion of the educational exchange program, to meet the challenge of the Soviet Union in its continued efforts to win the minds of men to its totalitarian concept of man as a mere instrument of the state, will no doubt place additional burdens on the officers' most directly concerned with administering this program. The progress of the program, however, convinces us that these officers have given it vigorous and forward-looking leadership. The Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs, the Director of the International Educational Exchange Service, and other program officers have served this program with conviction and enthusiasm. We are impressed with their management of the program and have every reason to believe that the recommended increase of $13 million would be most effectively administered. This recommendation concerning the expansion of the international educational 'exchange program was submitted to the Secretary of State on December 8, 1955. As of the date of this report, no reply has been received. REPORT ON EDU`ATIONAL' EXCHANGE ACTIVITIES 3 In redcmmending'anlexpansion of the'program;:the Commission has also been mindful of the need to determine its effectiveness ini reaching the goals.set for it.
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